Article(id=1320166222524699603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070331, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681754952, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681754952, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681754952, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681754952, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=44, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166222755386324, articleId=1320166222524699603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Comparative Investigation of the Chemical Profiles and Anti-chronic Ulcerative Colitis Effects of Jinzhai Baiye and Fuding Shoumei White Tea, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The characteristic chemical composition and healthy function of Jinzhai Baiye (JZ) and Fuding Shoumei (FD) were unknown. In this study, two white teas were comparatively evaluated in terms of their characteristic chemical composition and anti-DSS induced colitis. The non-volatile chemical constituents between JZ and FD white teas were systematically profiled by using un-targeted metabolomics analysis based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS approach. Then, anti-colitis of two white teas was explored based on recently developed DSS-induced chronic colitis model. The results showed that there were significant differences in chemical constituents between JZ and FD white teas. A total of 51 compounds with significant differences between two white teas were identified, including catechins, flavonoid glycosides, amino acids, phenolic acids, lipids. Among them, the contents of some catechins, flavonoid glycosides (rutin, kaempferol 3-O-arabinoglycoside, quercetin-3-galactoside), amino acids (theanine, arginine) were relatively high in FD. While the contents of some flavonoid glycosides (vitexin, kaempferol, 3-(6-acetylgalactoside)) and majority of phenolic acids were relatively high in JZ. After 4 cycles of 2% DSS induction, DSS group exhibited chronic syndrome of ulcerative colitis, showing significant decrease in body weight with an obvious undulating trend (P<0.001), shorten colon length, significant increase of DAI scores and splenic index (P<0.001). However, intervention with both JZ and FD significantly improved the syndrome of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. Interestingly, JZ showed better protective effects than that of FD. Real-Time PCR data revealed that both JZ and FD significantly suppressed the major inflammatory cytokines gene expression, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression. JZ proved better anti-inflammatory effects than that of FD. This study provided the characteristic chemical compounds and their anti-inflammatory effects on DSS induced ulcerative colitis between the two white teas, which provided a basis for evaluating the chemical quality and potential health function of JZ white tea.

, authors=Liwei ZHOU1, Yan XIAO1, Huimin GUO1, Hui CHEN2, Zhengding XIE2, Zhongwen XIE1, *, authorsList=Liwei ZHOU, Yan XIAO, Huimin GUO, Hui CHEN, Zhengding XIE, Zhongwen XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongwen XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166224651211749, articleId=1320166222524699603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉化学谱及抗慢性溃疡性结肠炎功效比较, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的特征性化学成分及健康功效有待评价和阐明。本文采用基于UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS的非靶向代谢组学方法系统比较研究了金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的特征性化学成分;基于建立的DSS诱导慢性结肠炎模型探究两类白茶的抗炎功效。结果表明金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的化学成分存在较大差异,在二类白茶间共鉴定出51个具有显著性差异的化合物,包括儿茶素类、黄酮糖苷类、氨基酸类、酚酸类、脂质类等,其中酚酸类差异成分最多。儿茶素类、部分黄酮糖苷类(芦丁、山柰酚3-O-阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3-半乳糖苷等)、氨基酸类(茶氨酸、精氨酸等)等化合物在福鼎寿眉中含量较高;部分黄酮糖苷类(牡荆素、山柰酚3-(6-乙酰半乳糖苷)),大部分酚酸类化合物在金寨白叶中含量较高。DSS慢性结肠炎模型组小鼠相对于对照组小鼠体重显著降低(P<0.001),结肠长度缩短,DAI评分显著增加(P<0.001),脾脏指数显著增加(P<0.001),表现出明显的溃疡性结肠炎临床症状。金寨白叶及福鼎白茶干预均能明显减缓体重起伏趋势,显著改善上述溃疡性结肠炎症状,且金寨白叶效果较好。荧光定量PCR结果显示金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉干预显著抑制了结肠炎小鼠结肠中主要炎症因子的表达,提高了抗炎因子IL-10 mRNA的表达,且金寨白叶的抗炎效果更好。本研究揭示了两类白茶的差异化合物,及预防慢性溃疡性结肠炎的抗炎功效,为评价金寨白叶的化学品质和潜在的健康功能提供了依据。

, authors=周丽伟1, 肖艳1, 郭慧敏1, 陈辉2, 解正定2, 谢忠稳1, *, authorsList=周丽伟, 肖艳, 郭慧敏, 陈辉, 解正定, 谢忠稳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谢忠稳, authorNote=

周丽伟(1981−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:茶叶生物化学研究,E-mail:

肖艳(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:茶与健康研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
谢忠稳(1962−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶的营养与健康,E-mail:。
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Food Chemistry: X, 2024, 21: 101127., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166964027306912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166964039889825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, companyId=1320166964027306912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resources Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166964052472738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, companyId=1320166964027306912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1安徽农业大学茶树种质创新与资源利用全国重点实验室,安徽合肥 230036)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166964136358819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166964144747428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, companyId=1320166964136358819, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Jinzhai County, Lu'an 237300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166964153136037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, companyId=1320166964136358819, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2金寨县农业农村局,安徽六安 237300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166968573932494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion chromatogram of Jinzhai Baiye (A) and Fuding Shoumei (B), figureFileSmall=2qsLMbNOZ1WLnY7I1EQkMg==, figureFileBig=XC6gqtAN7t4nVzxc77pdRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968641041359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图1, caption=金寨白叶(A)与福鼎寿眉(B)的总离子流图, figureFileSmall=2qsLMbNOZ1WLnY7I1EQkMg==, figureFileBig=XC6gqtAN7t4nVzxc77pdRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968733316048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=PCA diagram (A) and PLS-DA diagram (B) of Jinzhai Baiye and Fuding Shoumei, figureFileSmall=Zfdq44FeMp16eRQXXWnupQ==, figureFileBig=7+dCL4cgGpFwstLFE/Xncg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968813007825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图2, caption=金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的PCA图(A)和PLS-DA图(B), figureFileSmall=Zfdq44FeMp16eRQXXWnupQ==, figureFileBig=7+dCL4cgGpFwstLFE/Xncg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968888505298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Heat-map of the identified difference metabolites between Jinzhai Baiye and Fuding Shoumei, figureFileSmall=CNfSRSRvoPFYLvd+yFcmrg==, figureFileBig=XyREHsdSHcU694SL0ZEqdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166970536866771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图3, caption=金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉中差异化合物热图, figureFileSmall=CNfSRSRvoPFYLvd+yFcmrg==, figureFileBig=XyREHsdSHcU694SL0ZEqdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166970624947156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Mass intensity of representative compounds in Jinzhai Baiye and Fuding Shoumei, figureFileSmall=SSpwfJliP29NioU7uA6mgg==, figureFileBig=2FKDzIAu5O/v1A33e6fUEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166970713027541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图4, caption=金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉显著差异化合物的质谱强度比较

注:A金寨白叶中质谱强度显著高于福鼎寿眉的代表性差异化合物:Tfa为茶黄酸,Aeg为8-C-抗坏血酸基表没食子儿茶素3-没食子酸酯,Emg为表没食子儿茶素3-(4-甲基-没食子酸酯),Me为4'-甲基表没食子儿茶素,Mg为没食子酸甲酯,Ka为山柰酚3-(6-乙酰半乳糖苷),Krrg为山柰酚3-鼠李糖基-(1->3)-鼠李糖基-(1->6)-糖苷;B福鼎寿眉中质谱强度显著高于金寨白叶的代表性差异化合物,Em为表儿茶素3-O-(4-甲基没食子酸酯),Fm为芒柄花黄素7-O-(6"-丙二酰葡糖苷),Thea为茶氨酸,Ca为1,4-二咖啡酰奎宁酸,Thym为胸腺嘧啶。

, figureFileSmall=SSpwfJliP29NioU7uA6mgg==, figureFileBig=2FKDzIAu5O/v1A33e6fUEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166970780136406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of Jinzhai white tea and Fuding Shoumei white tea on weight of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, figureFileSmall=FjvzpWdPshxikIIwGlc3eQ==, figureFileBig=pOt3Pvx7lZl+E6AqCeh+Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166970843050967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图5, caption=金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉对DSS诱导的UC小鼠体重影响

注:(A)诱导前4周小鼠体重;(B)诱导第52 d小鼠体重增长率;(C)诱导后小鼠体重变化;与CON组相比,***P<0.001;与DSS组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;NS:无显著性差异;n=6,结果用平均值±标准差表示;图6~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=FjvzpWdPshxikIIwGlc3eQ==, figureFileBig=pOt3Pvx7lZl+E6AqCeh+Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166970910159832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of Jinzhai white tea and Fuding Shoumei on clinical symptoms of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, figureFileSmall=MnkchsP8ocXKGivG8c1xcQ==, figureFileBig=AIvR9crSbrrLj3SZwsKR0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166970989851609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图6, caption=金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉对DSS诱导的UC小鼠体重的影响

注:(A)DAI评分;(B)诱导第51 d小鼠DAI评分。

, figureFileSmall=MnkchsP8ocXKGivG8c1xcQ==, figureFileBig=AIvR9crSbrrLj3SZwsKR0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166971069543386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of Jinzhai white tea and Fuding Shoumei on colon length and spleen index of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, figureFileSmall=d2kRKJ55NArC2RMowZeerA==, figureFileBig=OwjniEJ3+cslOhGVAC53dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166971136652251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图7, caption=金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉对DSS诱导的UC小鼠结肠长度和脾脏指数的影响

注:(A)小鼠结肠代表图;(B)小鼠结肠长度统计;(C)小鼠脾脏指数统计。

, figureFileSmall=d2kRKJ55NArC2RMowZeerA==, figureFileBig=OwjniEJ3+cslOhGVAC53dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166971228926940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Administration of Jinzhai white tea and Fuding Shoumei white tea ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, figureFileSmall=kG6jXVGvNsZu0O+GbsBKWg==, figureFileBig=YAR6MKVpkkr5FtZPwMMHHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166971308618717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=图8, caption=金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉干预降低DSS诱导的UC小鼠结肠炎症

注:(A)IL-6;(B)TNF-α;(C)IL-1β;(D)IL-17;(E)iNOS;(F)IL-10 mRNA 在各组小鼠结肠中的表达水平。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,****P<0.0001是同对照组相比;#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001,####P<0.0001是同模型组相比(n=6,结果用平均值±标准差表示)。

, figureFileSmall=kG6jXVGvNsZu0O+GbsBKWg==, figureFileBig=YAR6MKVpkkr5FtZPwMMHHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166971388310494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Producing area and processing method of white tea samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称产地工艺
福鼎寿眉(FD)福建省宁德市福鼎市白茶加工技术规范
(GB/T 32743-2016)
金寨白叶(JZ)安徽省六安市金寨县白茶加工技术规范
(GB/T 32743-2016)
), ArticleFig(id=1320166971476390879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

白茶样品产地和加工工艺

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称产地工艺
福鼎寿眉(FD)福建省宁德市福鼎市白茶加工技术规范
(GB/T 32743-2016)
金寨白叶(JZ)安徽省六安市金寨县白茶加工技术规范
(GB/T 32743-2016)
), ArticleFig(id=1320166971556082656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Differentiated compounds identified between Jinzhai Baiye and Fuding Shoumei

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保留时间(min)精确质量数理论质量数化学式化合物二级碎片差异倍数变量重要性
儿茶素类(10个)
2.257306.0740306.0740C15H14O7Gallocatechin109,125,1280.565.85
3.61306.0740306.0740C15H14O7Epigallocatechin0.5019.73
3.697428.0718428.0743C21H16O10Theaflavic acid7.332.15
3.729290.0792290.0790C15H14O6Catechin0.643.34
3.853306.0741306.0740C15H14O74-Gallocatechol109,125,1371.961.24
3.855632.1013632.1013C28H24O178-C-Ascorbylepigallocatechin 3-gallate5.701.66
3.857290.0792290.0790C15H14O6Epicatechin109,123,1250.5812.61
3.993472.1007472.1006C23H20O11Epigallocatechin 3-(4-methyl-gallate)43.952.24
4.071456.1036456.1056C23H20O10Epicatechin 3-O-(4-methylgallate)0.182.48
4.098320.0895320.0896C16H16O74'-Methyl-epigallocatechin8.821.02
黄酮及黄酮糖苷类(8个)
3.623516.1266516.1268C25H24O12Formononetin 7-(6''-malonylglucoside)0.262.35
3.929320.0531320.0532C15H12O8Dihydromyricetin57,125,1930.581.40
3.931610.1532610.1534C27H30O16Rutin271,300,3010.475.38
3.96740.2163740.2164C33H40O19Kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside50.683.38
3.976432.1056432.1056C21H20O10Vitexin117,283,3111.511.60
3.992418.0903418.0900C20H18O10Kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside0.595.56
3.993464.0957464.0955C21H20O12Quercetin 3-galactoside217,300,3010.595.22
4.043490.1112490.1111C23H22O12Kaempferol 3-(6-acetylgalactoside)12.362.03
氨基酸类(4个)
0.888174.1117174.1117C6H14N4O2Arginine0.482.77
0.944132.0536132.0535C4H8N2O3Asparagine61,62,722.214.47
0.945146.0692146.0691C5H10N2O3Glutamine0.583.13
1.032174.1005174.1004C7H14N2O3Theanine58,84,930.2718.24
有机酸类(4个)
1.024192.0272192.0270C6H8O7Citric acid1.71.4
1.26192.0272192.0270C6H8O7Isocitric acid58,85,931.92.8
3.862122.0367122.0368C7H6O2Benzoic acid92,108,1210.612.5
3.888174.0527174.0528C7H10O5Shikimic acid2.42.2
酚酸类(13个)
3.61138.0317138.0317C7H6O34-Hydroxybenzoic acid0.471.64
3.695164.0472164.0473C9H8O3p-Coumaric acid1.691.28
3.705164.0473164.0473C9H8O3o-Coumaric acid65,93,1191.691.28
3.708338.1003338.1002C16H18O84-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid93,119,1731.924.06
3.744192.0634192.0634C7H12O6Quinic acid85,119,1642.172.27
3.745354.0953354.0951C16H18O9Chlorogenic acid85,1910.641.63
3.887338.1003338.1002C16H18O83-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid93,119,1732.316.78
3.992302.0062302.0063C14H6O8Ellagic acid0.662.97
3.993154.0267154.0266C7H6O42,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid78,145,1672.101.77
4.089154.0267154.0266C7H6O4Protocatechuic acid78,145,1682.552.24
4.121516.1267516.1268C25H24O121,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid0.262.35
4.498138.0317138.0317C7H6O3Salicylic acid65,932.642.55
4.538154.0267154.0266C7H6O43,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid2.532.25
碳水化合物及碳水化合物共轭物类(4个)
0.958504.1690504.1690C18H32O16Raffinose0.473.81
3.847402.1527402.1526C18H26O10Benzyl beta-primeveroside0.591.21
3.907540.2207540.2207C26H36O12Sambacin0.451.56
3.92270.1104270.1103C13H18O6Benzyl glucopyranoside0.401.25
脂质和类脂质分子(2个)
4.574448.2311448.2308C21H36O10L-Linalool 3-[xylosyl-(1->6)-glucoside]2.011.70
6.105362.1707362.1729C20H26O6Gibberellin A19220,221,2361.714.47
核苷类(2个)
0.997135.0546135.0545C5H5N5Adenine72,92,1020.602.80
1.04242.0880242.0903C10H14N2O5Thymidine74,84,1550.289.90
其他(4个)
1.263127.0635127.0633C6H9NO2N-Ethyl-Succinimide0.452.07
3.366184.0372184.0372C8H8O5Methyl gallate34.871.29
3.611260.0686260.0685C14H12O5Pratenol A0.5019.33
4.025178.0266178.0266C9H6O44,7-Dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one58,65,942.994.38
), ArticleFig(id=1320166971648357345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166222524699603, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉间鉴定出的差异代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保留时间(min)精确质量数理论质量数化学式化合物二级碎片差异倍数变量重要性
儿茶素类(10个)
2.257306.0740306.0740C15H14O7Gallocatechin109,125,1280.565.85
3.61306.0740306.0740C15H14O7Epigallocatechin0.5019.73
3.697428.0718428.0743C21H16O10Theaflavic acid7.332.15
3.729290.0792290.0790C15H14O6Catechin0.643.34
3.853306.0741306.0740C15H14O74-Gallocatechol109,125,1371.961.24
3.855632.1013632.1013C28H24O178-C-Ascorbylepigallocatechin 3-gallate5.701.66
3.857290.0792290.0790C15H14O6Epicatechin109,123,1250.5812.61
3.993472.1007472.1006C23H20O11Epigallocatechin 3-(4-methyl-gallate)43.952.24
4.071456.1036456.1056C23H20O10Epicatechin 3-O-(4-methylgallate)0.182.48
4.098320.0895320.0896C16H16O74'-Methyl-epigallocatechin8.821.02
黄酮及黄酮糖苷类(8个)
3.623516.1266516.1268C25H24O12Formononetin 7-(6''-malonylglucoside)0.262.35
3.929320.0531320.0532C15H12O8Dihydromyricetin57,125,1930.581.40
3.931610.1532610.1534C27H30O16Rutin271,300,3010.475.38
3.96740.2163740.2164C33H40O19Kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside50.683.38
3.976432.1056432.1056C21H20O10Vitexin117,283,3111.511.60
3.992418.0903418.0900C20H18O10Kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside0.595.56
3.993464.0957464.0955C21H20O12Quercetin 3-galactoside217,300,3010.595.22
4.043490.1112490.1111C23H22O12Kaempferol 3-(6-acetylgalactoside)12.362.03
氨基酸类(4个)
0.888174.1117174.1117C6H14N4O2Arginine0.482.77
0.944132.0536132.0535C4H8N2O3Asparagine61,62,722.214.47
0.945146.0692146.0691C5H10N2O3Glutamine0.583.13
1.032174.1005174.1004C7H14N2O3Theanine58,84,930.2718.24
有机酸类(4个)
1.024192.0272192.0270C6H8O7Citric acid1.71.4
1.26192.0272192.0270C6H8O7Isocitric acid58,85,931.92.8
3.862122.0367122.0368C7H6O2Benzoic acid92,108,1210.612.5
3.888174.0527174.0528C7H10O5Shikimic acid2.42.2
酚酸类(13个)
3.61138.0317138.0317C7H6O34-Hydroxybenzoic acid0.471.64
3.695164.0472164.0473C9H8O3p-Coumaric acid1.691.28
3.705164.0473164.0473C9H8O3o-Coumaric acid65,93,1191.691.28
3.708338.1003338.1002C16H18O84-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid93,119,1731.924.06
3.744192.0634192.0634C7H12O6Quinic acid85,119,1642.172.27
3.745354.0953354.0951C16H18O9Chlorogenic acid85,1910.641.63
3.887338.1003338.1002C16H18O83-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid93,119,1732.316.78
3.992302.0062302.0063C14H6O8Ellagic acid0.662.97
3.993154.0267154.0266C7H6O42,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid78,145,1672.101.77
4.089154.0267154.0266C7H6O4Protocatechuic acid78,145,1682.552.24
4.121516.1267516.1268C25H24O121,4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid0.262.35
4.498138.0317138.0317C7H6O3Salicylic acid65,932.642.55
4.538154.0267154.0266C7H6O43,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid2.532.25
碳水化合物及碳水化合物共轭物类(4个)
0.958504.1690504.1690C18H32O16Raffinose0.473.81
3.847402.1527402.1526C18H26O10Benzyl beta-primeveroside0.591.21
3.907540.2207540.2207C26H36O12Sambacin0.451.56
3.92270.1104270.1103C13H18O6Benzyl glucopyranoside0.401.25
脂质和类脂质分子(2个)
4.574448.2311448.2308C21H36O10L-Linalool 3-[xylosyl-(1->6)-glucoside]2.011.70
6.105362.1707362.1729C20H26O6Gibberellin A19220,221,2361.714.47
核苷类(2个)
0.997135.0546135.0545C5H5N5Adenine72,92,1020.602.80
1.04242.0880242.0903C10H14N2O5Thymidine74,84,1550.289.90
其他(4个)
1.263127.0635127.0633C6H9NO2N-Ethyl-Succinimide0.452.07
3.366184.0372184.0372C8H8O5Methyl gallate34.871.29
3.611260.0686260.0685C14H12O5Pratenol A0.5019.33
4.025178.0266178.0266C9H6O44,7-Dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one58,65,942.994.38
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金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉化学谱及抗慢性溃疡性结肠炎功效比较
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周丽伟 1 , 肖艳 1 , 郭慧敏 1 , 陈辉 2 , 解正定 2 , 谢忠稳 1, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(11): 44-56
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (11) : 44 -56
金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉化学谱及抗慢性溃疡性结肠炎功效比较
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周丽伟1 , 肖艳1 , 郭慧敏1, 陈辉2, 解正定2, 谢忠稳1, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽农业大学茶树种质创新与资源利用全国重点实验室,安徽合肥 230036
  • 2金寨县农业农村局,安徽六安 237300
通讯作者:
谢忠稳(1962−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶的营养与健康,E-mail:。
作者简介:

周丽伟(1981−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:茶叶生物化学研究,E-mail:

肖艳(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:茶与健康研究,E-mail:

Comparative Investigation of the Chemical Profiles and Anti-chronic Ulcerative Colitis Effects of Jinzhai Baiye and Fuding Shoumei White Tea
Liwei ZHOU1 , Yan XIAO1 , Huimin GUO1, Hui CHEN2, Zhengding XIE2, Zhongwen XIE1, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resources Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
  • 2Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Jinzhai County, Lu'an 237300, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070331
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金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的特征性化学成分及健康功效有待评价和阐明。本文采用基于UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS的非靶向代谢组学方法系统比较研究了金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的特征性化学成分;基于建立的DSS诱导慢性结肠炎模型探究两类白茶的抗炎功效。结果表明金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的化学成分存在较大差异,在二类白茶间共鉴定出51个具有显著性差异的化合物,包括儿茶素类、黄酮糖苷类、氨基酸类、酚酸类、脂质类等,其中酚酸类差异成分最多。儿茶素类、部分黄酮糖苷类(芦丁、山柰酚3-O-阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3-半乳糖苷等)、氨基酸类(茶氨酸、精氨酸等)等化合物在福鼎寿眉中含量较高;部分黄酮糖苷类(牡荆素、山柰酚3-(6-乙酰半乳糖苷)),大部分酚酸类化合物在金寨白叶中含量较高。DSS慢性结肠炎模型组小鼠相对于对照组小鼠体重显著降低(P<0.001),结肠长度缩短,DAI评分显著增加(P<0.001),脾脏指数显著增加(P<0.001),表现出明显的溃疡性结肠炎临床症状。金寨白叶及福鼎白茶干预均能明显减缓体重起伏趋势,显著改善上述溃疡性结肠炎症状,且金寨白叶效果较好。荧光定量PCR结果显示金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉干预显著抑制了结肠炎小鼠结肠中主要炎症因子的表达,提高了抗炎因子IL-10 mRNA的表达,且金寨白叶的抗炎效果更好。本研究揭示了两类白茶的差异化合物,及预防慢性溃疡性结肠炎的抗炎功效,为评价金寨白叶的化学品质和潜在的健康功能提供了依据。

金寨白叶  /  福鼎寿眉  /  非靶向代谢组学  /  差异化学成分  /  慢性溃疡性结肠炎

The characteristic chemical composition and healthy function of Jinzhai Baiye (JZ) and Fuding Shoumei (FD) were unknown. In this study, two white teas were comparatively evaluated in terms of their characteristic chemical composition and anti-DSS induced colitis. The non-volatile chemical constituents between JZ and FD white teas were systematically profiled by using un-targeted metabolomics analysis based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS approach. Then, anti-colitis of two white teas was explored based on recently developed DSS-induced chronic colitis model. The results showed that there were significant differences in chemical constituents between JZ and FD white teas. A total of 51 compounds with significant differences between two white teas were identified, including catechins, flavonoid glycosides, amino acids, phenolic acids, lipids. Among them, the contents of some catechins, flavonoid glycosides (rutin, kaempferol 3-O-arabinoglycoside, quercetin-3-galactoside), amino acids (theanine, arginine) were relatively high in FD. While the contents of some flavonoid glycosides (vitexin, kaempferol, 3-(6-acetylgalactoside)) and majority of phenolic acids were relatively high in JZ. After 4 cycles of 2% DSS induction, DSS group exhibited chronic syndrome of ulcerative colitis, showing significant decrease in body weight with an obvious undulating trend (P<0.001), shorten colon length, significant increase of DAI scores and splenic index (P<0.001). However, intervention with both JZ and FD significantly improved the syndrome of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. Interestingly, JZ showed better protective effects than that of FD. Real-Time PCR data revealed that both JZ and FD significantly suppressed the major inflammatory cytokines gene expression, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression. JZ proved better anti-inflammatory effects than that of FD. This study provided the characteristic chemical compounds and their anti-inflammatory effects on DSS induced ulcerative colitis between the two white teas, which provided a basis for evaluating the chemical quality and potential health function of JZ white tea.

Jinzhai Baiye white tea  /  Fuding Shoumei white tea  /  non-targeted metabolomics  /  differentiated chemical compounds  /  chronic ulcerative colitis
周丽伟, 肖艳, 郭慧敏, 陈辉, 解正定, 谢忠稳. 金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉化学谱及抗慢性溃疡性结肠炎功效比较. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 44 -56 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070331
Liwei ZHOU, Yan XIAO, Huimin GUO, Hui CHEN, Zhengding XIE, Zhongwen XIE. Comparative Investigation of the Chemical Profiles and Anti-chronic Ulcerative Colitis Effects of Jinzhai Baiye and Fuding Shoumei White Tea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 44 -56 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070331
白茶加工工艺相对其它茶类较为简单,仅有萎凋与干燥两道工序[1],赋予了白茶外观条索肥壮、白毫满披、汤色清澈明亮,滋味醇爽,香气鲜嫩的品质特征[2]。近年来,一些研究报道白茶对心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、肥胖以及中枢神经系统疾病具有潜在的预防作用[3−7]。这些潜在的健康功能研究促进了白茶的生产和消费,推动了我国白茶产业的发展。2021年,我国白茶产量达8.19万吨,占茶叶总产量的2.67%[8]。我国白茶主产区为福建省东北部,2020年产量高达4.96万吨,占全国白茶总产量的66.58%[9]。福建省的白茶以福鼎大白茶(Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Fuding Dabaicha’)等品种鲜叶为原料,并根据鲜叶成熟度分为四个等级:白毫银针(大白茶或水仙茶树品种的单芽)、白牡丹(大白茶或水仙茶树品种的一芽一、二叶)、贡眉(群体种茶树品种的嫩梢)和寿眉(大白茶、水仙茶树或群体种茶树品种嫩梢或叶片)[10]。近年来,由于“白茶热”的兴起,中国的云南、广西、安徽等省份也开始生产白茶[8]。安徽大别山金寨县是传统的绿茶生产区。绿茶以春季茶树芽叶加工生产,夏秋茶叶资源没有充分利用。为了提升茶园的生产效益,充分利用茶叶资源,近年来以当地的金鸡群体种夏秋茶鲜叶(一芽二三叶至多叶)或嫩梢为原料生产白茶,并命名为“金寨白叶”。安徽金寨县地处地理条件优越、气候独特的大别山茶产区,该茶区的六安瓜片、霍山黄芽、信阳毛尖、岳西翠兰都是享誉全国的名优茶。因此,比较研究位于黄金产茶区的金寨白叶同福建名优白茶生产区福鼎寿眉的化学品质差异可为金寨白茶的发展提供重要的品质化学基础。
溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)的两种主要形式之一。UC的特点是黏膜炎症从直肠开始,在结肠中连续向近端延伸,通常局限于肠壁黏膜层的表面损伤。UC在临床上表现为易复发难治愈,且确切发病机制仍然未知[11]。自21世纪初,IBD在我国的发病率正在迅速上升[12]。分析我国IBD发病率数据发现城市化与IBD的发展相关,且UC的发病率呈现南北梯度(发病率比[IR]0.94;95%CI:0.91–0.98),发病率最高的地区是高度城市化的地区,如香港、澳门和广州,而工业化程度较低和农村居民的发病率较低[13]。由于UC常用的药物治疗不仅疗效不佳,且有明显的副作用。因此,研发一种安全性高、副作用低的防治手段仍然迫在眉睫[14]。近年来,有文献报道绿茶、红茶和黑茶对结肠炎有预防和治疗作用[15−17]。Liu等[18]报道福鼎寿眉可以减轻DSS诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎,并调节肠道微生物群的失调。
非靶向代谢组学已广泛应用于茶叶化学成分的研究中[19−23]。与常用的分析技术核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)相比,基于高效液相色谱-高分辨率串联质谱技术(high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)的灵敏度更高、动态范围更广[24]。因此,本研究以采摘枝叶成熟度相似的福鼎寿眉与金寨白叶作为研究对象,利用基于UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS的非靶向代谢组学方法对二者的代谢物谱进行比较分析,再根据公开数据库和已发表论文并结合化学计量学方法筛选出差异代谢物,进一步评价二类白茶的化学品质特征。这些结果将为金寨白叶的加工和产品开发提供一定的化学成分依据。
葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sulfate sodium,DSS)诱导的慢性结肠炎模型是新近建立的一种结肠炎模型[25]。这种慢性结肠炎模型是第一周用DSS诱导肠炎,随后两周饮用无菌水,这样重复三到五次。DSS反复诱导可引起持续性慢性炎症,更能模拟人群结肠炎的临床状况[25]。DSS模型对疾病的诱发和延长具有可控性,有助于分析干预物在结肠炎急性期和恢复期的疗效[26]。因此,在本研究中,将金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉水提物作为干预物,建立2%DSS诱导的慢性结肠炎模型,探究和比较两类白茶改善小鼠慢性结肠炎的功效。而新款白茶金寨白叶的抗炎功效仍然未知。比较研究金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉对小鼠慢性溃疡性结肠炎的改善效果可为金寨白茶提供重要的抗炎功效基础。
福鼎寿眉、金寨白叶 以2022年7~8月福鼎大白茶品种和金鸡品种夏秋茶鲜叶为原料,鲜叶原料均为一芽三、四叶的嫩梢,加工方法均按照白茶加工技术规范(GB/T 32743-2016)(表1)。二款白茶在取样分析前都经过茶叶评审小组评审,确认是典型白茶样品,分别选取4批次制作的代表性茶叶样品用于代谢组分析;甲醇、乙腈、甲酸 色谱级,美国赛默飞公司;实验动物选取24只6周龄SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠 体重约22~24 g,购自南京集萃药康实验动物技术有限公司,实验动物生产许可证为SCXK(浙)2019-0001;RNAisolater、HiScriptⅢ RT SuperMix for qPCR(+gDNA wiper)试剂盒 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;DSS 美国MP Biomedicals公司。
Q Exactive超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱联用仪(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) 美国赛默飞公司;Lihgt Cycler 480 II qPCR仪 瑞士罗氏公司;Milli-Q 超纯水纯化系统(>18.2 MΩ) 美国Millipore公司。
每类白茶的四个干茶样品等量混合后用研磨机以5000 r/min的速度研磨20 s粉碎,然后过100目筛,得到磨碎茶样。准确称量磨碎茶样0.15 g,加入3 mL超纯水,95 ℃下水浴提取30 min,每10 min振荡一次。茶样冷却至室温后,8000 r/min离心10 min。吸取上清液至15 mL EP管中。再按照上述方法重复提取2次,上清液都转移至15 mL EP管中,定容至12 mL,吸取2 mL上清液于EP管中保存,每种茶样各做5个平行。上样前,每个样品经过0.22 µm PTFE滤膜过滤。
二类白茶代谢组学样品分析采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱进行。超高效液相色谱和质谱分析步骤根据实验室先前的方法略有改变[22]。超高效液相色谱条件为:C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),柱温保持在40 ℃,流速为 0.2 mL·min−1,进样量为3 μL。采用二元流动相梯度洗脱,流速为0.2 mL·min−1,其中A相为0.075%甲酸水溶液,B相为乙腈溶液。具体的线性洗脱程序如下:0~7 min,2% B;8~10 min,15% B;11~17 min,30% B;18~19 min,88% B;20~23 min,95% B;24~26 min,2% B。
四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱参数设置如下:采用电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization,ESI);检测模式为负离子模式ESI-;毛细管电压3.5 kV;干燥气体的温度和流量分别设定为300 ℃和8 L·min−1;雾化器压力为35 psi;护套气体的温度和流量保持在300 ℃和11 L·min−1;质谱扫描范围为质荷比(m/z)100~1000。
二类白茶代谢组学样品UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS分析得到的原始图谱采用Compound Discoverer 3.2软件进行峰面积提取与峰匹配,得到了7920个潜在的化合物。根据常用的代谢组学数据库、保留时间、精确分子量、二级质谱信息以及对照已经发表的相关文献等进行差异化合物结构鉴定。常用数据库包括人类代谢物数据库HMDB(http://www.hmdb.ca/),METLIN(http://metlin.scripps.edu/),PubChem(http://pubchem)以及茶叶代谢物数据库(Tea Metabolome Database, TMDB http://pcsb.ahau.edu.cn)。采用SIMCA-P 14.1进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)。使用MetaboAnalyst 5.0绘制热图。
参照Teng等[26]的实验方法,首先取金寨白叶、福鼎寿眉加入粉碎机中粉碎茶样,将所得茶粉过100目筛子得到细茶粉;第二步沸水浸泡细茶粉,茶水比为1:15,100 ℃水浴浸提30 min,每5 min进行搅拌,再使用旋转蒸发仪(转速≤40 r/min,温度≤55 ℃,低温循环水浴≤10 ℃)制备成茶叶浓缩液。最终将茶叶浓缩液通过真空浓缩冷冻干燥成冻干粉末,放入密封袋中在−80 ℃冰箱中避光保存备用。
本研究的动物实验获得安徽农业大学实验动物伦理福利委员会的批准(伦理批准号AHAU2022-034)。24只SPF级6周龄C57BL/6J雄性小鼠按照小鼠的体重进行随机分笼,每笼3只,饲养在安徽农业大学实验动物中心SPF级动物房。动物房内温度控制在22±2 ℃,湿度控制在50%±5%,灯光控制24 h昼夜变化,开灯时间为8:00~20:00,模拟白天和夜晚各12 h。小鼠适应性饲养2周充分适应新环境后进行干预实验。实验小鼠随机分为4组,每组为6只。
具体实验小鼠分组与茶叶干预实验如下:对照组(CON组):在整个实验期间自由饮水且灌胃相应体积的无菌水;模型组(DSS组):自由饮水4周后,自由饮用2% DSS溶液5 d,随后自由饮用无菌水9 d为一周期,连续4周期(即8周);金寨白叶组(JZ组):自由饮水4周后,自由饮用2% DSS溶液5 d并随后自由饮用无菌水9 d为一周期,连续4周期。实验期间连续12周给每只小鼠灌胃300 mg·kg−1的金寨白叶水提物;福鼎寿眉组(FD组):自由饮水4周后,自由饮用2% DSS溶液5 d并随后自由饮用无菌水9 d为一周期,连续4周期。实验期间连续12周给每只小鼠灌胃300 mg·kg−1的福鼎寿眉水提物。
实验中,每周检测小鼠体重的变化、记录小鼠粪便粘稠度、粪便潜血等症状。疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)是作为评价炎症性肠病严重程度的重要评估指标。通过评估小鼠体重、粪便粘稠度、粪便潜血三个指标评分综合之和得到DAI评分[27]。实验结束时,小鼠夜间禁食12 h后,腹腔注射过量戊巴比妥钠(50 mg·kg−1)麻醉处死,解剖拍照每组小鼠的结肠长度和脾脏指数。脾脏指数是小鼠脾脏重量(g)占体重(g)的百分比。并立即取每组小鼠结肠的中段固定在RNAlater溶液中,4 ℃保存样本进行结肠炎症因子表达实验。
小鼠结肠炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-17、iNOS和IL-10表达水平的检测参考团队已经发表论文的方法[27]。将RNAlater固定液中保存的小鼠结肠组织,用刀片切取约相等的薄片,依次加入500 μL RNAisolater;裂解液在玻璃组织匀浆器中提取和纯化总RNA。进一步使用HiScriptⅢ RT SuperMix for qPCR(+gDNA wiper)试剂盒反转录合成cDNA。使用SYBR Green荧光法进行实时荧光定量 PCR。使用ΔΔCt方法计算基因相对表达量[27]。实时荧光定量PCR所用引物由生工生物工程(上海)有限公司合成。
每组实验至少重复三次。实验数据使用GraphPad Prism 5软件进行统计分析,结果用mean±SEM表示。两组之间的比较采用unpaired 2-tailed Student’s t-test,多组比较采用单因素方差分析和Tukey检验。P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.001、P<0.0001具有统计学意义。
图1是金寨金白甘和福鼎寿眉的UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS总离子流图。在谱图中有三个要素,即质荷比(m/z),保留时间(RT)和质谱强度。样品在负离子模式下共得到7920个特征离子峰。
经过峰匹配,峰面积提取,以及与对照样本比较后,手动校正数据集,去除不可信信息数据后得到7920个化合物离子峰。对这些潜在的化合物进行主成分分析,解析两组茶叶样本之间的总体化合物表型差异和组内样本之间的变异度大小。图2A为金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的主成分分析(PCA)图。结果显示金寨白叶的样品聚集在Ⅰ、Ⅳ象限,福鼎寿眉的样品聚集在Ⅱ、Ⅲ象限,二者有明显的分离。这说明了两者内含化学成分的代谢物谱有明显差异。图2B为金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)聚类图,可以看出金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉在第一主成分上有明显的分离趋势,该结果再次表明两者内含成分存在显著差异。
为进一步阐明金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的差异代谢物,根据PLS-DA获得的VIP值大于1,T检验的P值小于0.05和差异倍数大于1.5倍相结合的方法(VIP>1,P<0.05,|logFC|>1.5),筛选二类白茶组间差异代谢物,经过数据库和参考文献比对,最后得到51种差异代谢物(表2)。共包括10种儿茶素类、8种黄酮糖苷类、4种有机酸类,13种酚酸类、4种氨基酸类、4种碳水化合物和碳水化合物结合物类、2种脂质及类脂质分子类、2种核苷酸类和4种其他物质。两类白茶中差异化合物的热图分析结果见图3。热图的横坐标代表不同的茶样,纵坐标代表化合物,蓝色表示化合物含量比平均值低,红色表示化合物含量比平均值高。进一步分析发现金寨白叶中质谱强度显著高于福鼎寿眉代表性差异化合物(|log FC|>5)有茶黄酸、8-C-抗坏血酸基表没食子儿茶素3-没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素3-(4-甲基-没食子酸酯)、4'-甲基表没食子儿茶素、没食子酸甲酯、山柰酚3-(6-乙酰半乳糖苷)、山柰酚3-鼠李糖基-(1->3)-鼠李糖基-(1->6)-糖苷(图4A)。福鼎寿眉中质谱强度显著高于金寨白叶代表性差异化合物如图4B所示。它们分别是表儿茶素3-O-(4-甲基没食子酸酯)、芒柄花黄素7-O-(6"-丙二酰葡糖苷)、茶氨酸、1,4-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、胸腺嘧啶。
茶多酚是茶汤苦涩味的主要呈味物质,约占茶鲜叶干重的16%~26%,主要由儿茶素类、黄酮(醇)糖苷、花色素类,酚酸类等组成,其中儿茶素类含量最高[28−29]。白茶中含有4种表儿茶素,分别为表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG),其中以EC为主。这4种表儿茶素均具有良好的抗氧化活性[30]。EGCG占茶叶中儿茶素总量的50%~80%,其苯环(B)上没食子酸基中的三羟基结构进一步增强了抗氧化作用,表现出更优异的抗氧化活性[8]。Ma等[30]通过高效液相色谱法对不同采收季节白茶的主要化合物含量进行了比较研究,发现春季白茶的总儿茶素含量最高,而夏季白茶儿茶素含量最低。在本研究中,福鼎寿眉的Gallocatechin、EGC、Catechin、EC含量高于金寨白叶。这可能是因为福鼎大白茶中儿茶素类化合物含量高,而金鸡种夏秋季茶叶的多酚类化合物含量低。此外,白茶中还含有其它儿茶素类,如表阿夫儿茶精(epiafzelechin)及其没食子酸酯以及乙酰化儿茶素[31]。Min等[32]发现表阿夫儿茶精可以作为环氧化酶(cyclooxygenase 1,COX-1)抑制剂,对角叉菜胶诱导的小鼠爪水肿发挥显著的抗炎活性。
近年研究发现甲基化儿茶素具有比同型儿茶素更强的抗过敏作用与降高血压作用[33−34]。研究发现白茶在萎凋过程中可能会产生一些甲基化儿茶素,如表儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基没食子酸酯)和表没食子儿茶素3-O-(3-O-甲基没食子酸酯),所占比例高于红茶和绿茶[35]。在本研究发现金寨白叶中表没食子儿茶素3-(4-O-甲基没食子酸酯)和4’甲基-表没食子儿茶素含量显著高于福鼎寿眉。而福鼎寿眉的表儿茶素3-O-(4-O-甲基没食子酸酯)含量高于金寨白叶。
在茶叶氧化发酵过程中,儿茶素可以在多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)的存在下被转化为二聚体、低聚体和聚合物[36]。白茶中也检测到了儿茶素的一些二聚或寡聚反应产物,主要包括茶黄素(theaflavins)、theasinensins和原花青素(proanthocyanidins)[29]。Dai等[35]发现白茶的原花青素(原花青素B1、B2、B3、B5和C1)含量明显高于红茶但低于绿茶,说明原花青素可能在萎凋过程中被部分消耗掉,而theasinesins(theasinesin A and B)则表现出相反的趋势,表明发酵过程可能是theasinesins形成的主要原因。本研究结果表明这二类白茶在聚合型儿茶素的含量上没有显著差异。
黄酮醇及其糖苷类化合物在白茶中的含量比儿茶素低,仅占茶叶干重的2%~3%,与茶汤滋味的收敛性相关[37]。黄酮醇是黄酮类化合物的3-羟基衍生物,黄酮醇主要在C-3位形成黄酮醇-O-糖苷,而黄酮糖苷则主要形成黄酮-C-糖苷[38]。茶叶中的黄酮醇主要为槲皮素和山柰酚,杨梅素含量较低。Fang等[39]研究发现白茶的总黄酮糖苷类含量在六大茶类中较高。此外,一些研究发现白茶在萎凋过程中总黄酮苷会被水解成苷元和糖基,使得总黄酮含量增加,总黄酮苷含量减少,从而减轻白茶苦涩味[29,40]。在本研究中,福鼎寿眉的芒柄花黄素7-O-(6"-丙二酰葡糖苷)(formononetin 7-(6''-malonylglucoside))、二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricetin)、芦丁(rutin)、山柰酚3-O-阿拉伯糖苷(kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside)、槲皮素-3-半乳糖苷(quercetin 3-galactoside)含量高于金寨白叶;金寨白叶的山柰酚-3-鼠李酚-(1->3)-鼠李酚-(1->6)-葡萄糖苷(kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside)、牡荆素(vitexin)、山柰酚3-(6-乙酰半乳糖苷)(kaempferol 3-(6-acetylgalactoside))含量高于福鼎寿眉。研究证实黄酮类化合物通过3-羟基清除自由基,具有高度的抗氧化活性[41]。槲皮素、山柰酚等苷元相比其糖苷是更有效的抗氧化剂[42]。此外,Li等[43]发现白毫银针总黄酮具有抗氧化和抗炎作用,能抑制D-半乳糖/脂多糖诱导的小鼠衰老。
简单的加工工艺使白茶保留了丰富的氨基酸,白茶中总氨基酸含量在六大茶类中最高[44]。因此氨基酸被认为是白茶的特征性化合物[45]。茶氨酸是茶叶中含量最丰富的非蛋白质氨基酸,通常占茶叶干重的0.2%~2%[46]。Juneja等[47]研究发现茶氨酸在GABA的形成中发挥作用。Kim等[48]也发现茶氨酸与γ氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)联合干预比单独使用GABA或茶氨酸,对睡眠质量和持续时间有积极的协同改善作用。GABA也是白茶中一种具有代表性的非蛋白质氨基酸。Horanni等[49]和Zhao等[50]的研究发现GABA在普洱茶含量最低,而白茶含量较高。近年来,研究人员发现其对心血管、情绪、睡眠有健康益处,已被广泛用作功能性食品添加剂[51]。在本研究中,福鼎寿眉中茶氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸的含量明显高于金寨白叶,而金寨白叶中的天冬氨酸含量高于福鼎寿眉。
在本研究中,两种白茶中酚酸的差异化合物最多。酚酸是一类具有羧基和羟基的芳香族化合物,它们及其衍生物对茶汤滋味的酸度和鲜味起着重要作用。对香豆酸(p-coumaric acid)是羟基肉桂酸家族中的一种酚酸,在次生代谢中起着核心作用,是酚酸中包括咖啡酸、阿魏酸、绿原酸和鞣花酸等、类黄酮和其他次生代谢产物的前体[52]。大量研究表明,对香豆酸及其共轭物具有多种生物活性,包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗溃疡和抗癌活性等[53]。本研究结果显示金寨白叶中对香豆酸含量高于福鼎寿眉。研究发现奎宁酸(quinic acid)具有抗血管炎症和降脂作用[54−55]。金寨白叶的奎宁酸含量高于福鼎寿眉。近期报道生理浓度的原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid)通过Akt/eNOS信号通路保护糖尿病引起的血管内皮损伤和非酒精性脂肪肝[56−57]。水杨酸(salicylic acid)是常用的抗皮肤粉刺成分,具有抗菌活性。而二羟基苯甲酸被认为具有心血管保护功能[58]。本研究结果显示金寨白叶中原儿茶酸、水杨酸和二羟基苯甲酸的含量高于福鼎寿眉。
福鼎寿眉中的鞣花酸(ellagic acid)、绿原酸(chlorogenic acid)、咖啡奎宁酸(caffeoylquinic acid)含量高于金寨白叶。已有研究表明,鞣花酸在细菌和哺乳动物系统中具有抗突变、抗氧化和抗炎活性[59]。Allam等[60]发现给佐剂诱导的关节炎小鼠模型注射鞣花酸(58.33 mg/kg体重/d)后,血清中促炎细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-17的水平显著降低。绿原酸是咖啡和茶等食物中最常见的酚酸化合物之一。研究表明大多数含有绿原酸的天然产物都具有抗炎作用[61],并提出了绿原酸可能是一种值得注意的抗炎剂[62−63]。Shin等[64]研究发现绿原酸降低了DSS诱导的结肠炎模型中巨噬细胞炎症蛋白2(macrophage inflammatory protein 2,MIP-2)的mRNA表达,并阐明了绿原酸通过清除细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)而抑制IL-8和PKD-IKK-NFκB信号通路激活的抗炎机制。因此,绿原酸和其他含儿茶酚基的化合物可能有助于预防炎症性疾病[65]。以上的数据说明了白茶中的酚酸类化合物可能在白茶的抗炎功效中发挥重要作用。
碳水化合物包括单糖、双糖、多糖及其衍生物,是白茶中含量较高的一种成分(占干重的20%~25%),与茶叶的甜味和香气相关[66]。茶多糖由于其独特的分子结构和多功能的末端基团,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤和降血糖等健康功效,受到越来越多的关注[67]。在本研究中,福鼎寿眉中的棉子糖(raffinose)、苄基-β-青蒿素苷(benzyl beta-primeveroside)、桑巴金(sambacin)、苄基吡喃葡萄糖苷(benzyl glucopyranoside)含量均高于金寨白叶。
金寨白叶中没食子酸甲酯的含量大大高于福鼎寿眉。研究表明没食子酸甲酯具有广泛的生物功能,包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护和护肝,以及抗菌的活性[68]。
有关不同产地白茶代谢组学的研究很少。Chen等[69]用代谢组学分析云南景谷白茶同福鼎白茶和政和白茶的差异化合物,发现在政和白茶与福鼎白茶之间有83种,政和白茶与景谷白茶之间有89种,而福鼎白茶与景谷白茶之间则发现75种差异化合物。结果显示氨基酸和黄酮醇/黄酮苷在差异化合物中占比最高。这两类化合物在已鉴定差异物中占比显著,其中氨基酸占比达12.4%~13.3%,黄酮醇/黄酮苷达15.7%~25.3%,远超其他化合物。本文的结果揭示了金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的主要差异化合物是酚酸类、儿茶素类和黄酮醇/黄酮苷类。金寨白叶是采摘大别山地方群体金鸡品种夏秋茶鲜叶为原料按照白茶的标准加工工艺生产的白茶,生长地金寨大别山属北亚热带湿润季风气候,四季分明,降水充沛,土壤多由花岗岩、片麻岩风化而成,以黄棕壤、山地黄棕壤为主。福鼎寿眉是由福鼎大白茶品种夏秋茶鲜叶原料按照白茶的标准加工工艺生产的白茶。福鼎大白茶产地福鼎,生长于东部亚热带海洋性季风气候区,气候温和湿润,雨量充沛,土壤以中轻质土为主。因此推测这些差异化合物可能是品种(金鸡种 vs. 福鼎大白茶)、产地环境(大别山 vs. 福建沿海)、加工工艺的细微差别综合作用的结果。
首先,在金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉灌胃干预4周时,对小鼠体重进行了监测。结果显示金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉水提物灌胃干预4周对小鼠的体重没有明显影响。在随后2% DSS诱导4个周期中,CON组的体重稳步上升,DSS组体重均显著下降(P<0.05),而金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉两个干预组均能在一定程度上减轻体重下降趋势,且金寨白叶组的改善效果更好。在第一个DSS 诱导周期中,DSS组与各干预组体重变化趋势基本一致。而随着周期的延长,金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉组小鼠体重减轻变化趋势相比DSS组明显逐渐减缓(图5)。
通过评估小鼠体重、粪便粘稠度、粪便潜血三个指标评分综合之和,即为DAI评分。在2% DSS诱导小鼠慢性结肠炎的4个周期中,每天对小鼠体重、粪便粘稠度及粪便出血情况进行了记录。DAI评分结果显示与CON相比,DSS组DAI分数极显著增加(P<0.001),而两类白茶干预组DAI分数低于DSS组,且JZ组的干预效果优于FD组(图6)。
结肠缩短、脾脏指数是小鼠结肠炎的重要指标。因此,记录了每组小鼠的结肠长度和脾脏指数。研究发现,在给予小鼠2% DSS自由饮诱导4个周期后,与CON组相比,DSS组小鼠的结肠长度极显著缩短(P<0.001),而JZ、FD组显著减轻了小鼠结肠长度的缩短,且JZ效果优于FD组。此外,与CON组相比,DSS组小鼠的脾脏指数极显著增加(P<0.001),而JZ、FD组显著改善了小鼠脾脏指数的增加,JZ和FD效果无差异(图7)。
结肠炎症是小鼠结肠炎的重要症状。Real-Time PCR的结果显示DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠结肠中的炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-17、iNOS的基因表达极显著上升(P<0.001),抗炎因子IL-10的基因表达极显著下降(P<0.001)。金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉的干预显著抑制了结肠中这些炎症因子的基因表达水平,同时增加了IL-10的基因表达。金寨白叶在抑制IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-17,增加IL-10表达水平的效果优于福鼎寿眉(图8)。
研究基于UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS的非靶向代谢组学方法对金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉中的非挥发性化学成分进行了比较研究。结果全面揭示了两种白茶的化合物谱,经峰面积校准后共得到7920个离子峰值,并进一步在这二类白茶间共筛选和鉴定出了51种差异代谢物,包括10种儿茶素类、8种黄酮糖苷类、16种酚酸类、4种氨基酸类、4种碳水化合物和碳水化合物结合物类、2种脂质及类脂质分子类、2种核苷酸类和5种其他物质。热图分析表明,两类白茶的内含成分具有明显的差异。福鼎寿眉中的儿茶素类(GC、EGC、C、EC、EC 3-O-(4-甲基没食子酸酯))、部分黄酮糖苷类(芦丁、山柰酚3-O-阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3-半乳糖苷等)、小部分酚酸类(绿原酸、鞣花酸)、氨基酸类(茶氨酸、精氨酸等)等化合物含量总体高于金寨白叶;而金寨白叶也含有显著高于福鼎寿眉的成分,包括部分黄酮糖苷类(牡荆素、山柰酚 3-(6-乙酰半乳糖苷))、大部分酚酸类等化合物和没食子酸甲酯。推测这些差异代谢物主要受不同茶树品种和产地、采摘季节、加工工艺的细微差别的综合影响而形成。探明这些差异代谢物,可为全面了解和评价金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的化学品质差异和产地鉴别提供理论依据,同时为金寨白叶的进一步产品研发提供重要的参考依据。
研究中,在DSS诱导前4周内,各组小鼠体重呈缓慢上升趋势,且无显著差异,说明金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的干预不会影响小鼠的正常生长。在4个周期2%DSS诱导小鼠慢性结肠炎过程中,CON组小鼠体重仍呈现缓慢上升趋势,而DSS组小鼠与CON组小鼠相比,体重有明显下降-上升变化趋势,表明成功地模拟了慢性结肠炎易复发易缓解的临床情况。随着金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的持续干预,从第二周期开始均出现减缓体重起伏变化的现象,说明这两类白茶在慢性结肠炎的发生及恢复过程中均能起保护作用,且金寨白叶组的效果更好。此外,慢性结肠炎DSS组的DAI评分明显高于CON组,金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的干预与DSS组相比降低了DAI评分。在造模第51 d,金寨白叶组相比DSS组有显著降低。实验结束后,与CON组相比,慢性结肠炎DSS组的结肠长度显著缩短,而脾脏指数显著增加,金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉的干预均能增加结肠长度及减少脾脏指数,且金寨白叶干预的效果更好。初步的分子机制研究发现金寨白叶与福鼎寿眉干预显著减轻了结肠炎小鼠结肠中主要炎症因子的表达,提高抗炎因子IL-10的表达,且金寨白叶显示更好的抗炎功效。
在金寨白叶和福鼎寿眉共有的51种差异代谢物中,仅发现少数几种差异成分与抗炎功能正相关,如牡荆素、原儿茶酸、水杨酸和二羟基苯甲酸等。今后应进一步揭示金寨白叶中特有或高含量的化学成分与金寨白叶抗DSS诱导慢性结肠炎作用的相关性。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070331
  • 接收时间:2025-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28
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    1安徽农业大学茶树种质创新与资源利用全国重点实验室,安徽合肥 230036
    2金寨县农业农村局,安徽六安 237300

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谢忠稳(1962−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶的营养与健康,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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