Article(id=1320166210109551280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060130, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749657600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681751992, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681751992, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681751992, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681751992, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=433, endPage=441, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166210331849393, articleId=1320166210109551280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Investigation of Absorption Pathways and Efficacy of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides Using Isotope Metabolic Flux Analysis, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the absorption pathways and efficacy of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides in mice, Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides were extracted and purified using an in vitro digestion method, and their amino acid composition was analyzed. Subsequently, isotope-labeled peptide segments [13C5-15N1-Pro] were prepared via solid-phase synthesis to replace all homologous amino acids in the target peptide segments, and peptides were administered to C57BL/6 mice via gavage. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to dynamically monitor the metabolic distribution of labeled proline in various tissues and organs over 24 hours. The characteristic predominant amino acids of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides were glycine (20.80%), proline (10.72%), and alanine (10.60%). The small intestine was the primary organ absorbing Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides, with uptake exceeding 50% across all time points. Skin absorption increased to 11.71% at 12 hours, suggesting potential involvement of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides in skin tissue repair. Uptake into the stomach, cecum, and colon exhibited dynamic fluctuations, while uptake by the heart and lungs was relatively low. This study demonstrates that Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptide digestion and absorption processes exhibit prominent temporal and organ-specific characteristics, providing theoretical foundation for their nutritional applications.

, authors=Zhanhong ZHANG1, Biluan ZHONG2, Jianxin TIAN1, Pan LI1, Yu ZHANG2, *, Bing DU1, *, authorsList=Zhanhong ZHANG, Biluan ZHONG, Jianxin TIAN, Pan LI, Yu ZHANG, Bing DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu ZHANG, Bing DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166211560780476, articleId=1320166210109551280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于同位素代谢流分析法对金蝶胶吸收路径及效率研究, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽在小鼠体内的吸收路径与效率。通过体外消化法提取并纯化金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽,分析其氨基酸组成特征;进一步采用固相合成法制备同位素标记肽段[13C5-15N1-Pro],以替代目标肽段中的所有同类氨基酸,并对C57BL/6小鼠进行灌胃实验;利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)在24 h内动态监测各器官和组织中标记脯氨酸的代谢分布。结果显示,金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽的特征氨基酸以甘氨酸(20.80%)、脯氨酸(10.72%)和丙氨酸(10.60%)为主;小肠为主要吸收器官,各时段吸收效率均高于50%;皮肤在12 h吸收效率上升至11.71%,提示其可能参与皮肤组织修复过程;胃、盲肠及结肠等器官的吸收效率呈现动态波动,而心脏与肺部的吸收效率较低。综上,金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽的消化吸收过程具有明显的时间与器官特异性,为该肽类的营养学应用提供了理论依据。

, authors=张展鸿1, 钟碧銮2, 田柬昕1, 黎攀1, 张宇2, *, 杜冰1, *, authorsList=张展鸿, 钟碧銮, 田柬昕, 黎攀, 张宇, 杜冰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张宇, 杜冰, authorNote=

张展鸿(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0008−7056−5054),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品新原料及功能性食品,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张宇(1981−),男,本科,研究方向:食品保健品开发,E-mail:。
杜冰(1973−)(ORCID:0000−0002−5301−2756),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品新原料的开发,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=QCzC+qjWLtWRjEH/C+bTkw==, magXml=Zne10mFHYSapWN+0OjFsqw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cP77RghbKJgKjnpXiybtWA==, pdfFileSize=1076339, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=56PmIaqvTO6VIRF9JsRUxw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JW04lq14s0M7twi6r8dbzA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320166213779567300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2389288935@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320166213863453382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, authorId=1320166213779567300, language=EN, stringName=Zhanhong ZHANG, firstName=Zhanhong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Food Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320166213930562247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, authorId=1320166213779567300, language=CN, stringName=张展鸿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642, bio={"content":"

张展鸿(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0008−7056−5054),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品新原料及功能性食品,E-mail:

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张展鸿(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0008−7056−5054),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品新原料及功能性食品,E-mail:

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Medicines, 2023, 10(9): 50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166213586629309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166213595017918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, companyId=1320166213586629309, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166213603406527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, companyId=1320166213586629309, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166213699875520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166213708264129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, companyId=1320166213699875520, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Guangdong Guanzhan Nutritional Health Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166213712458434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, companyId=1320166213699875520, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广东官栈营养健康科技有限公司,广东广州 510300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166215817999081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=DEAE-52 column elution curve, figureFileSmall=thrweirEikosHGRuAVCM5g==, figureFileBig=56PmIaqvTO6VIRF9JsRUxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166215868330730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=图1, caption=DEAE-52层析柱洗脱曲线, figureFileSmall=thrweirEikosHGRuAVCM5g==, figureFileBig=56PmIaqvTO6VIRF9JsRUxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166217646715629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in plasma proline levels over 24 h, figureFileSmall=gKrdcN9xXPkUxj7cM08nGQ==, figureFileBig=7U3HYfAamcbjdFL2Q6HvBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166217713824494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=图2, caption=24 h内血浆脯氨酸含量变化

注:P1为灌胃后3 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号;P2为灌胃后6 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号;P3为灌胃后12 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号;P4为灌胃后24 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号,图3~图5同。

, figureFileSmall=gKrdcN9xXPkUxj7cM08nGQ==, figureFileBig=7U3HYfAamcbjdFL2Q6HvBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166217797710575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in proline content in major organs of the digestive tract during 24 h, figureFileSmall=ye8ump/ZW20UAcdwa6mlDA==, figureFileBig=e4uOEdKuZ5jfzq0Rmoe1Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166217864819440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=图3, caption=24 h内消化道主要器官脯氨酸含量变化, figureFileSmall=ye8ump/ZW20UAcdwa6mlDA==, figureFileBig=e4uOEdKuZ5jfzq0Rmoe1Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166217927734001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in proline content in the heart and lungs of mice during 24 h, figureFileSmall=9N1LAh09f4Z3yCzZQlrBKA==, figureFileBig=NYLsZ05nA17ujD4AyDKalA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166218003231474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=图4, caption=24 h内小鼠心脏及肺部脯氨酸含量变化, figureFileSmall=9N1LAh09f4Z3yCzZQlrBKA==, figureFileBig=NYLsZ05nA17ujD4AyDKalA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166218061951731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in proline content of skin and faeces of mice over a 24 h period, figureFileSmall=B0zpnUlzS/gp3RBMEEtaqQ==, figureFileBig=tilB6DVgzhMloafGVbVnkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166218124866292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=图5, caption=24 h内小鼠皮肤以及粪便脯氨酸含量变化, figureFileSmall=B0zpnUlzS/gp3RBMEEtaqQ==, figureFileBig=tilB6DVgzhMloafGVbVnkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166218183586549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Free amino acid composition of collagen peptide from Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号氨基酸种类含量(%)
1天冬氨酸(Asp)3.50
2谷氨酸(Glu)8.64
3丝氨酸(Ser)2.76
4甘氨酸(Gly)20.80
5苏氨酸(Thr)2.23
6组氨酸(Hs)1.00
7丙氨酸(Ala)10.60
8精氨酸(Arg)6.91
9酪氨酸(Tyr)0.52
10缬氨酸(Val)2.01
11蛋氨酸(Met)0.03
12苯丙氨酸(Phe)1.64
13异亮氨酸(Ile)1.32
14亮氨酸(Leu)2.33
15赖氨酸(Lys)2.55
16脯氨酸(Pro)10.72
), ArticleFig(id=1320166218250695414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽游离氨基酸组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号氨基酸种类含量(%)
1天冬氨酸(Asp)3.50
2谷氨酸(Glu)8.64
3丝氨酸(Ser)2.76
4甘氨酸(Gly)20.80
5苏氨酸(Thr)2.23
6组氨酸(Hs)1.00
7丙氨酸(Ala)10.60
8精氨酸(Arg)6.91
9酪氨酸(Tyr)0.52
10缬氨酸(Val)2.01
11蛋氨酸(Met)0.03
12苯丙氨酸(Phe)1.64
13异亮氨酸(Ile)1.32
14亮氨酸(Leu)2.33
15赖氨酸(Lys)2.55
16脯氨酸(Pro)10.72
), ArticleFig(id=1320166218326192887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Peptide sequencing results of collagen peptide screening of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号肽段序列峰面积(mAU·min)
1GESGPAGPAGAAGPAGPR3.77×109
2GEAGPSGAVGPAGPAGAR2.66×109
3TGDRGESGPAGPAGAAGPAGPR2.33×109
4TGPAGPAGPLG6.56×108
5GLTGPIGPPGPSGPN(+0.98)GAKG6.10×108
6IAGASGPLGPAG5.70×108
7GEIGPAGPSGPAGPQ(+0.98)GQR4.95×108
8GEIGPAGPSGPAGPQGQ(+0.98)R4.95×108
), ArticleFig(id=1320166218389107448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽肽段测序筛选结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号肽段序列峰面积(mAU·min)
1GESGPAGPAGAAGPAGPR3.77×109
2GEAGPSGAVGPAGPAGAR2.66×109
3TGDRGESGPAGPAGAAGPAGPR2.33×109
4TGPAGPAGPLG6.56×108
5GLTGPIGPPGPSGPN(+0.98)GAKG6.10×108
6IAGASGPLGPAG5.70×108
7GEIGPAGPSGPAGPQ(+0.98)GQR4.95×108
8GEIGPAGPSGPAGPQGQ(+0.98)R4.95×108
), ArticleFig(id=1320166218452022009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Proline metabolite signaling assays

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号L-Proline
(%)
L-Proline
M+1(%)
L-Proline
M+2(%)
L-Proline
M+33(%)
L-Proline
M+6(%)
P1193.855.570.500.020.05
P1293.835.570.500.020.08
P1393.825.580.500.020.08
P1493.885.540.500.030.05
P2193.835.610.510.020.03
P2293.875.580.500.020.03
P2393.875.560.520.020.04
P2493.855.570.510.020.04
P3193.885.580.500.020.02
P3293.895.570.490.020.02
P3393.885.570.500.020.03
P3493.895.570.500.020.02
P4193.925.530.510.020.02
P4293.915.550.510.020.01
P4393.865.590.510.030.03
P4493.865.590.500.020.02
), ArticleFig(id=1320166218548491002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

脯氨酸代谢产物信号检测

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编号L-Proline
(%)
L-Proline
M+1(%)
L-Proline
M+2(%)
L-Proline
M+33(%)
L-Proline
M+6(%)
P1193.855.570.500.020.05
P1293.835.570.500.020.08
P1393.825.580.500.020.08
P1493.885.540.500.030.05
P2193.835.610.510.020.03
P2293.875.580.500.020.03
P2393.875.560.520.020.04
P2493.855.570.510.020.04
P3193.885.580.500.020.02
P3293.895.570.490.020.02
P3393.885.570.500.020.03
P3493.895.570.500.020.02
P4193.925.530.510.020.02
P4293.915.550.510.020.01
P4393.865.590.510.030.03
P4493.865.590.500.020.02
), ArticleFig(id=1320166218628182779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166210109551280, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Relative abundance of exogenously labeled proline (P*) in organs at various time intervals

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部位3 h(%)6 h(%)12 h(%)24 h(%)
心脏1.020.630.640.69
肺部1.681.801.221.90
胃部9.881.042.451.14
小肠57.7355.2954.5551.81
结肠6.218.708.878.01
盲肠6.4010.249.787.95
肝脏3.874.955.837.08
脾脏3.444.175.665.18
肾脏4.654.805.026.26
粪便1.940.740.680.93
皮肤3.187.6511.714.18
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各时间段器官中外源性标记脯氨酸(P*)的相对丰度

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部位3 h(%)6 h(%)12 h(%)24 h(%)
心脏1.020.630.640.69
肺部1.681.801.221.90
胃部9.881.042.451.14
小肠57.7355.2954.5551.81
结肠6.218.708.878.01
盲肠6.4010.249.787.95
肝脏3.874.955.837.08
脾脏3.444.175.665.18
肾脏4.654.805.026.26
粪便1.940.740.680.93
皮肤3.187.6511.714.18
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基于同位素代谢流分析法对金蝶胶吸收路径及效率研究
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张展鸿 1 , 钟碧銮 2 , 田柬昕 1 , 黎攀 1 , 张宇 2, * , 杜冰 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(14): 433-441
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (14) : 433 -441
基于同位素代谢流分析法对金蝶胶吸收路径及效率研究
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张展鸿1 , 钟碧銮2, 田柬昕1, 黎攀1, 张宇2, * , 杜冰1, *
作者信息
  • 1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642
  • 2广东官栈营养健康科技有限公司,广东广州 510300
通讯作者:
张宇(1981−),男,本科,研究方向:食品保健品开发,E-mail:。
杜冰(1973−)(ORCID:0000−0002−5301−2756),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品新原料的开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张展鸿(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0008−7056−5054),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品新原料及功能性食品,E-mail:

Investigation of Absorption Pathways and Efficacy of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides Using Isotope Metabolic Flux Analysis
Zhanhong ZHANG1 , Biluan ZHONG2, Jianxin TIAN1, Pan LI1, Yu ZHANG2, * , Bing DU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • 2Guangdong Guanzhan Nutritional Health Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510300, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060130
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本研究旨在探究金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽在小鼠体内的吸收路径与效率。通过体外消化法提取并纯化金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽,分析其氨基酸组成特征;进一步采用固相合成法制备同位素标记肽段[13C5-15N1-Pro],以替代目标肽段中的所有同类氨基酸,并对C57BL/6小鼠进行灌胃实验;利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)在24 h内动态监测各器官和组织中标记脯氨酸的代谢分布。结果显示,金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽的特征氨基酸以甘氨酸(20.80%)、脯氨酸(10.72%)和丙氨酸(10.60%)为主;小肠为主要吸收器官,各时段吸收效率均高于50%;皮肤在12 h吸收效率上升至11.71%,提示其可能参与皮肤组织修复过程;胃、盲肠及结肠等器官的吸收效率呈现动态波动,而心脏与肺部的吸收效率较低。综上,金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽的消化吸收过程具有明显的时间与器官特异性,为该肽类的营养学应用提供了理论依据。

金蝶胶  /  胶原蛋白肽  /  同位素代谢流分析  /  吸收效率

To investigate the absorption pathways and efficacy of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides in mice, Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides were extracted and purified using an in vitro digestion method, and their amino acid composition was analyzed. Subsequently, isotope-labeled peptide segments [13C5-15N1-Pro] were prepared via solid-phase synthesis to replace all homologous amino acids in the target peptide segments, and peptides were administered to C57BL/6 mice via gavage. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to dynamically monitor the metabolic distribution of labeled proline in various tissues and organs over 24 hours. The characteristic predominant amino acids of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides were glycine (20.80%), proline (10.72%), and alanine (10.60%). The small intestine was the primary organ absorbing Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides, with uptake exceeding 50% across all time points. Skin absorption increased to 11.71% at 12 hours, suggesting potential involvement of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides in skin tissue repair. Uptake into the stomach, cecum, and colon exhibited dynamic fluctuations, while uptake by the heart and lungs was relatively low. This study demonstrates that Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptide digestion and absorption processes exhibit prominent temporal and organ-specific characteristics, providing theoretical foundation for their nutritional applications.

Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptide  /  collagen peptide  /  isotope metabolic flow analysis  /  absorption efficiency
张展鸿, 钟碧銮, 田柬昕, 黎攀, 张宇, 杜冰. 基于同位素代谢流分析法对金蝶胶吸收路径及效率研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 433 -441 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060130
Zhanhong ZHANG, Biluan ZHONG, Jianxin TIAN, Pan LI, Yu ZHANG, Bing DU. Investigation of Absorption Pathways and Efficacy of Gold Butterfly Collagen Peptides Using Isotope Metabolic Flux Analysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 433 -441 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060130
鱼胶,又称花胶、鱼肚等,是将特定鱼类鱼鳔清理干净后经洗净、压扁,再经过日晒等加工工序制成的干制品[1],是我国传统的营养保健品,适用人群广泛,保健效果良好,一直以来广受推崇。生活水平的不断提高促使人类消费水平的提高,人们对于营养保健品的需求增长十分迅速。鱼胶相较于日常的畜禽肉富含胶原蛋白,除了能满足人类对胶原蛋白的需求外,其蛋白结构的纤维较短、分子结构简单等优点使其更容易被吸收,因此广泛被应用于食品、营养保健、制药等行业[2]。目前市面上常见的鱼胶大部分都来自于石首鱼类,种类较为单一,已无法满足消费者需求,因此一些传统鱼类如鳕鱼、鲈鱼、鳗鱼等鱼胶也日渐进入市场[3]。金蝶胶,又称白玉花胶,是一种来源于查鱼的鱼鳔,在近10年间广泛受到相关企业的关注,相关产品也不断出现在市场当中[4]。目前对于金蝶胶的相关研究主要集中于其理化性质[5]和成分分析[6−7],研究表明金蝶胶在模拟胃肠消化后得到的消化液具有良好的抗氧化活性,自由基清除率达71.68%,且富含胶原蛋白特有的特征氨基酸-脯氨酸。针对金蝶胶的优良理化特性和营养成分,课题组进一步深化研究其消化后的胶原蛋白肽在体内的吸收路径及吸收效率。
目前,国内外对于鱼胶的研究重点更多侧重于对鱼胶的营养成分分析、加工提取技术、功能性研究与消化代谢机制等方面[8−11],对于鱼胶进入体内经过消化后的吸收路径及去向的研究较少。胶原蛋白的吸收机理和路径复杂,目前尚未完全清楚,有研究证明胶原蛋白进入体内被消化成肽段以及氨基酸后经血液循环运送至身体各处利用[12],但具体运送至各个器官的时段、器官对肽段的特异性吸收效率没有清晰的研究。缺乏肽段在进入体内后的时段性流向以及器官的特异性消化吸收数据,限制了后续胶原蛋白肽的营养功效发挥机制研究,因此需要采用高示踪性技术手段对肽段的吸收路径及效率进行研究。近年来,同位素代谢流检测被广泛应用于各个领域中,在需要研究的代谢途径中,对参与该过程的前体物质进行特异性标记,并借助核磁和质谱等工具,根据中间代谢物的同位素丰度变化,推测该过程中特定的代谢通路[13]。代谢流检测的优势在于可以明确某个物质参与的具体代谢途径,在目前已有的相关研究中,研究人员通过同位素代谢检测发现了二甲双弧通过减少磷酸果糖激酶-1的代谢通量起到了肝脏抗肿瘤的效果;孟爽[14]采用13C-葡萄糖对A549肺癌细胞标记,发现葡萄糖转换成UXP和CXP的效应会降低,但转换成P-胆碱、GPC和AMP的效应会增强。以上研究结果表明,使用同位素代谢流检测方法探究鱼胶在进入体内后的路径具有可行性。
对此,本文使用金蝶胶采用体外消化法制备了胶原蛋白肽,通过DEAE-52层析柱分离纯化后氨基酸组成测定确定了金蝶胶的氨基酸组成及含量,并探究其在进入体内后的消化路径及效率,通过动物实验和同位素标记后的代谢流测定,对被同位素标记后的金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽进入体内后的24 h内进行示踪,评估胶原蛋白肽在体内各组织被消化吸收的路径及效率,旨在探究金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽进入体内的消化特征,为后续金蝶胶的开发应用提供具有指向性的参考依据。
金蝶胶 广东官栈营养健康科技有限公司;α-淀粉酶(猪胰腺,≥5 U/mg)、胃蛋白酶(猪胃,≥400 U/mg)、胰蛋白酶(猪胰,≥5 U/mg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;无酶无菌人工唾液、无酶无菌人工胃液、无酶无菌人工小肠液 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;DEAE-52凝胶填料 北京瑞达恒辉科技有限公司;猪胆盐 AR,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;茚三酮  AR,济宁宏明化学试剂有限公司;氯化钠、氢氧化钠 AR,广州化学试剂厂;甲酸 AR,赛默飞世尔科技公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯;SPF级C57BL/6雄性小鼠 体重18~22 g,6周龄,120只,从南方医科大学实验动物中心购入,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(粤)2021-0041。饲养在华南农业大学实验动物中心SRF级屏障环境动物实验室适应性一周,室温控制在:20~26 ℃,湿度控制在40%~70%范围。实验动物合格证编号:SYXK(粤)2024-0136。
RE-5298旋转蒸发仪 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;ANKE TDL-5-A低速离心机 上海安亭分析仪器有限责任公司;UV759紫外分光光度计 上海精密科学仪器有限公司;Fresco 17冷冻离心机、Ultimate 3000 UHPLC超高压液相色谱、Easy-nLC1200纳升液相系统、Q EXactive高分辨质谱仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司;CV100-DNA真空离心浓缩仪 北京吉艾姆仪器有限公司;C18 Zip-Zip除盐柱 安捷伦科技中国有限公司;1290-6470 UPLC-MS/MS超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪 美国Agilent公司。
使用三级水除去金蝶胶表面杂质,加入0.1 mol/L NaOH浸泡24 h(1:50 W/V)去除杂蛋白,水洗至中性;随后加入1:10(V/V)、10%异丙醇浸泡24 h去除脂肪,水洗至中性。使用剪刀将花胶剪至小块,装入密封袋,在4 ℃下保存备用。
提取胶原蛋白肽的方法参考罗非鱼鱼糜的消化方法[15]并稍作修改。按照人体消化顺序进行胶原蛋白肽的提取,花胶与三种溶液的料液比均为1:30 w/v。称取适量的花胶小块,加入模拟唾液(150 mL无酶无菌人工唾液加入192 mg α-淀粉酶),37 ℃磁力水浴搅拌加热5 min,在90 ℃以上的条件灭活10 min,取出冷却至室温;随后加入模拟胃液(150 mL无酶无菌人工胃液加入267 mg胃蛋白酶+100 μL氯化钙+45.7 mL三级水),用1 mol/L盐酸滴定至pH为2.0±0.2,继续置于37 ℃磁力搅拌水浴2 h,重复上述灭活步骤;冷却至室温后加入模拟肠液(10 mL无酶无菌人工肠液+160 mg胰蛋白酶+25 mL 16 mmol/L 胆盐溶液+400 μL氯化钙+63.1 mL三级水),用1 mol/L NaOH滴定至pH为7.0±0.2,重复磁力搅拌水浴2 h并重复灭活步骤,得到花胶酶解液。装入100 Da透析袋透析3 d,真空冷冻干燥,得到金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽冻干粉。
氨基酸测定方法参照GB 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》方法。参照钟碧銮等[16]的处理方法并稍作修改,测试金蝶胶模拟消化后的胶原蛋白肽冻干粉的氨基酸组成。
花胶模拟消化后胶原蛋白肽冻干粉溶解在三级水中直至浓度为10 mg/mL,使用10 mL注射器,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,通过压力泵上样进入DEAE-52纤维素阴离子交换层析柱,按序用0、0.1、0.2、0.3 mol/L梯度浓度的氯化钠进行洗脱。设定流速为1 mL/min,每5 mL收集为一管。用微量紫外分光光度计法设定220 nm吸光度测定每管洗脱液,以洗脱管数为横坐标,220 nm下的洗脱液吸光度值为纵坐标绘制洗脱曲线。
根据DEAE-52层析柱洗脱曲线收集洗脱峰值范围内的样品,装入100 Da透析袋透析3 d,真空冷冻干燥,对其中的肽段测序。测序方法参考李永富等[17]的肽序列鉴定方法,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC/MS-MS)进行肽段测序。样品冻干粉经过C18柱脱盐处理,系统为串联EASY-nano LC 1200的Q-Exactive质谱仪结合纳升喷雾Nano Flex离子源,分析柱规格为C18反相色谱柱(Acclaim PepMap 100,75 μm×25 cm, C18-2 μm,100 A),上样体积为1.5 μL,柱流速300 nL/min,柱温控制在40 ℃,喷雾电压为1.9 kV,离子传输管加热温度为275 ℃。在60 min的梯度内分离样品,A相为超纯水(加入体积分数为0.1%的甲酸),流动相B(80%乙腈,0.1%甲酸)由5%升高至38%。
质谱扫描方式为信息依赖的采集工作模式下运行,一级质谱扫描分辨率为70000 MDa,扫描范围m/z 350~2000,最大注入时间100 ms。每次DDA循环下最多采集20个电荷为2+到5+的二级图谱,二级质谱离子最大注入时间为50 ms。碰撞室能量设定为28 eV,动态排除设置为25 s。采用PEAKS Online 11(Bioinformatics SolutionsInc. Waterloo,Canada)软件进行加工处理和检索分析。数据库为NCBI下载的Pangasiusbocourti蛋白数据库。对检测得到的肽段结果按照峰值面积大小排序,挑选前三条肽段作为后续合成肽段的参考肽段。
经筛选,考虑到胶原蛋白的特征氨基酸为脯氨酸,同时在金蝶胶中含量较为丰富,且测序得到的肽段富含脯氨酸,因此选择脯氨酸作为同位素标记的目的氨基酸。使用固相法合成同位素标记肽段,从肽段的起始端C端开始,使用带有同位素标记的(13C5-15N1-Pro)取代需要合成的肽段中的所有相同形式的氨基酸,直到肽段N端为结束。参照万紫红[18]的固相合成法并稍作修改,利用Fmoc法进行肽段合成,用高效液相法进一步纯化,经真空冷冻干燥后得到合成肽段。
120只小鼠适应性一周后随机分为空白组(K组)、同位素标记肽段组1(P1组)、同位素标记肽段组2(P2组)、同位素标记肽段组3(P3组)、同位素标记肽段组4(P4组),其中P1组指灌胃后3 h解剖组,P2组指灌胃后6 h解剖组,P3组指灌胃后12 h解剖组,P4组指灌胃后24 h解剖组,每只小鼠采用灌胃形式给药,所给药物均为三条合成的肽段,且每条肽段灌胃体积均为0.1 mL/10 g。除空白组给药生理盐水外,其余4组小鼠均给药同位素标记肽段溶液,给药浓度按照100 mg/kg为标准。各组小鼠在同一时间内完成灌胃,在灌胃后3、6、12和24 h按顺序以安乐死形式处死同位素标记肽段灌胃的4组小鼠以及空白组中的随机6只小鼠,需要收集的样品为各小鼠的腹部皮肤、背部皮肤、血液、肺部、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、小肠、盲肠、结肠及其粪便,除血液外的每个样品均装入病理组织袋中,血液收集于2 mL EP管中,离心后分离取血浆。所有样品均于−80 ℃冻存,备用。
参考周慧灵等[19]的检测方法,使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)对收集样本进行同位素检测。
血浆:移取20 μL血样,加入120 μL冷甲醇沉淀蛋白,涡旋混匀后离心(4 ℃,12000 r/min,10 min)取10 μL上清液加入硼酸缓冲溶液,涡旋30 s。最后加入5-AIQC乙腈溶液,涡旋,55 ℃水浴中衍生反应10 min,反应结束后,向溶液中加入甲酸。离心(4 ℃,12000 r/min,10 min)取上清,用0.22 μmol/L滤膜过滤。
粪便、盲肠、小肠、结肠、肝脏、背皮、腹皮、肺、肾、胃、心脏、脾脏:称取20 mg左右样本,加入研磨珠,加入500 μL冷甲醇水溶液(2:1,v/v),使用组织研磨仪匀浆(50 Hz,90 s),加入冷甲醇水溶液重复提取2次。取10 μL匀浆液,加入硼酸缓冲溶液,涡旋30 s。最后加入5-AIQC乙腈溶液,涡旋,55 ℃水浴中衍生反应10 min,反应结束后,向溶液中加入甲酸。离心(4 ℃,12000 r/min,10 min)取上清,用0.22 μmol/L滤膜过滤。
色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18柱(2.1×100 mm,1.8 μm);流动相为含0.1%甲酸的超纯水(A)-含0.1%甲酸的色谱纯甲醇(B);设置梯度洗脱程序(0~2 min,1% B;2~4 min,1%~3.8% B;4~7.3 min,3.8%~14% B;7.3~10.7 min,14%~22% B;10.7~14.7 min,22%~24% B;14.7~16 min,24%~30% B;16~16.3 min,30%~60% B;16.3~17.3 min,60%~70% B;17.3~17.31 min,70%~95% B;17.31~20 min,95% B);流速为0.35 mL/min;柱温为50 ℃;进样量为1 μL。
采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM)扫描;离子源条件:干燥气流量10 L/min,干燥气温度315 ℃,雾化器压力50 psi,鞘气温度350 ℃,鞘气流量10 L/min,喷嘴电压500 V,毛细管电压4000 V。
使用Mass Hunter 软件(Version B.08.00,Agilent,USA)采集以及分析同位素检测数据,与标准品比对保留时间和MRM离子对来定性,以百分比形式相对定量。收集检测到的总脯氨酸(P)含量以及每个样本中的同位素标记脯氨酸(P*)百分比,按照以下公式计算同位素标记脯氨酸(P*)的相对丰度变化,作为金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽在器官中被吸收的效率指标。采用GraphPad Prism 9做图,结果以折线图表示。
$\rm P^{*}积累相对丰度(\text{%})= \frac{\mathrm{同位素标记脯氨酸}({\mathrm{P}}^{*})\text{信号值}}{\mathrm{总脯氨酸}(\mathrm{P})\text{信号值}} $
金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽的游离氨基酸组成如表1所示。氨基酸是蛋白质的基本构成单位,氨基酸的种类、含量与组成是评价其营养价值的重要指标,也是水产品重要的风味前体物质[20]。由表1各氨基酸含量可发现,金蝶胶中的氨基酸含量最高的为甘氨酸,占比20.80%,其次是脯氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸,占比分别为10.72%、10.60%、8.64%、6.91%、3.50%。金蝶胶的甘氨酸含量占比与其他市场常见鱼胶的甘氨酸占比含量特征一致,这种高甘氨酸比例是胶原蛋白三螺旋结构的基础,因其分子中每三个残基即有一个甘氨酸(Gly-X-Y重复序列)[21]。以上6种氨基酸均为胶原蛋白的特征氨基酸,并且不含有精氨酸,这与此前的研究结果一致[22];此外研究表明,脯氨酸是众多鱼类的条件性必需氨基酸或功能性氨基酸,部分受伤动物的伤口修复愈合也需要其参与[23]。这些氨基酸的组成特征不仅关系到产品的营养价值评价,同时作为重要的风味前体物质,对水产品的品质特性产生重要影响,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸是鲜味主要贡献者,而甘氨酸、丙氨酸赋予甜味[24]。例如,牡蛎美拉德反应产物中,谷氨酸添加显著增强蘑菇味和蔬菜风味[25]。综合考量金蝶胶特征氨基酸以及游离氨基酸组成分析结果,后续鉴别肽段以及同位素标记等实验以脯氨酸作为本实验的后续研究对象,氨基酸的组成差异为后续进一步针对金蝶胶的产品开发提供了风味调控的理论依据。
使用10 mL离心管收集洗脱液,测试每管洗脱液在220 nm下的吸光值,并分别以管数作X轴,吸光值作Y轴[26],得到图1所示的金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽经过DEAE-52纤维素阴离子交换层析柱洗脱得到的洗脱曲线。分别以蒸馏水、0.1、0.2、0.3 mol/L NaCl进行梯度洗脱,在蒸馏水洗脱范围内出现一个小的峰值,在0.1 mol/L NaCl洗脱范围内出现多峰,有两个明显峰值,可能是因为金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽中存在较多除肽以外的其他组分,纯化效果有待进一步控制提升。随着洗脱液浓度的上升,组分吸光值整体呈现下降趋势。以洗脱曲线为依据收集主峰组分,透析后合并浓缩,真空冷冻干燥48 h,得到纯化后的纯度较高金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽冻干粉,以此粉为实验原料进行后续的肽段鉴别、测序以及合成。
根据NCBI下载的Pangasiusbocourti蛋白数据库进行肽段比对,以肽段在质谱中的出峰面积大小作为筛选标准,得到了如表2所示的8个肽段。根据筛选结果,选择峰面积大小前三位的肽段GESGPAGPAGAAGPAGPR、GEAGPSGAVGPAGPAGAR以及TGDRGESGPAGPAGAAGPAGPR作为同位素标记合成的肽段参考肽段,且选取的肽段均具有典型的胶原蛋白的重复序列GPAGP,而肽段结构的特殊性与蛋白的生物活性密切相关[27],具有胶原蛋白标志性序列的肽段在后续的研究中具有关键作用,为进一步的吸收效率和体内去向研究提供了分子基础。每条肽段中的每个脯氨酸(P)均被带有同位素标记的脯氨酸(记为P*)取代。
对血浆中的脯氨酸代谢产物进行检测,得到表3。其中,P1开头编号为灌胃后3 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号;P2开头为灌胃后6 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号;P3开头为灌胃后12 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号;P4为灌胃后24 h解剖的小鼠血浆编号,每组按顺序选取前四序号的小鼠标号血浆进行检测。脯氨酸肽段中以P表示,在自然界当中,脯氨酸会以多种同位素的形式存在,如检测到的L-Proline、L-Proline M+1、L-Proline M+2以及L-Proline M+3,但L-Proline M+6是非常规存在形式,其检测信号的存在证明我们标记了同位素的P*在进入小鼠的体内后成功被分解,同位素标记成功。脯氨酸进入体内后的含量变化为整体变化,同位素P*的信号显示提供了定位依据后,含量分析以总脯氨酸变化为准,表示为L-Proline含量变化。
图2为胶原蛋白肽进入体内的24 h血浆中的脯氨酸含量变化图。血浆中的脯氨酸含量变化可以反映花胶进入体内后经过消化产生的脯氨酸进入血液当中被运送至各处利用。从图2中的趋势变化可以看出,在灌胃后6~12 h之间,血浆中的脯氨酸含量上升,由此推测花胶进入体内后的6~12 h之间是主要的消化运输阶段,3~6 h阶段血液的脯氨酸含量降低的可能原因是血浆原来存在的脯氨酸被吸收速度大于进入血浆的脯氨酸产生速度。血浆中脯氨酸的动态变化反映了胶原蛋白肽进入体内24 h内的消化吸收规律,进入体内后6~12 h的含量提升为确定最佳摄入时段提供了参考依据。在血浆脯氨酸含量检测基础上,随后进行了各身体组织部位以及小鼠粪便的脯氨酸定量测定。
金蝶胶进入小鼠体内24 h内的消化道主要器官脯氨酸含量变化如图3所示。从图3中可以看出,在花胶进入体内后3~6 h,胃部和小肠的脯氨酸含量变化趋势相同,均出现不同程度的上升;但在6~12 h之间,小肠脯氨酸含量迅速下降,造成此现象的原因可能是在这个阶段,花胶在胃部和小肠得到了更充分的消化分解,小肠为主要吸收器官,正在快速吸收分解得到的脯氨酸,吸收量大于产出量,所以检测含量下降。这与上述血浆中脯氨酸含量上升建立了联系,小肠吸收的脯氨酸进入血液使得血液中的脯氨酸浓度在同一时间段呈现上升趋势。胶原蛋白主要在胃部和小肠经过胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶等非特异性蛋白酶分解为小分子肽后进一步吸收利用,在6~12 h间小肠与胃部的脯氨酸含量变化明显,结合前一点的血浆中同时段的脯氨酸含量变化分析,确认小肠是肽段的主要吸收部位,胃部是主要消化部位,与前人研究一致[12]。胃部的脯氨酸含量曲线中,12 h时段的误差棒较大,推测原因是不同个体的差异导致金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽在经过胃部的胃蛋白酶消化的同时,暴露的肽段与氨基酸会被胃酸造成破坏,导致吸收效率的差异较大,以此为提示可以在后续开发生产金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽产品时通过包埋或者缓释技术对肽段进行保护,免受胃酸的破坏,提高在小肠中的释放以及吸收效率。
金蝶胶进入小鼠体内24 h内的心脏及肺部脯氨酸含量变化如图4所示。如图4所示,心脏与肺部的脯氨酸含量变化在24 h内基本趋于一致,均在花胶进入体内的6~12 h内出现了迅速的下降趋势。心脏部位的肌肉需要极高的强度才足以将血液输送至全身,肌肉的泵血工作需要线粒体代谢产生能量供应,而脯氨酸在线粒体中的摄取与分解能为心脏产生大量的能量确保心脏的正常运行[28],由此课题组推测,花胶在体内经消化分解产生的脯氨酸在6~12 h之内被运输至心脏与肺部参与线粒体的能量代谢过程,因此该阶段脯氨酸的含量迅速下降。根据此研究结果为提示,金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽可能为心肺发挥功能提供所需的代谢能量基础,在后续的金蝶胶产品开发可以以此为理论基础,研究开发针对心肺功能较弱的消费群体的对应金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽产品以及相应的食用补充时段。
图5展示的是小鼠皮肤及粪便的脯氨酸含量变化图。结合血液动力学分析,脯氨酸经血液循环分布至全身组织,在3~6 h内,脯氨酸经血液的运输到达皮肤细胞并不断积累,累积量大于合成细胞的消耗量;在6~12 h阶段,皮肤的脯氨酸含量迅速下降,在12~24 h之间又缓慢上升,这一现象可能表明:皮肤组织在6~12 h时段利用脯氨酸进行细胞的合成,吸收的脯氨酸可能参与了皮肤细胞外基质的合成与组织修复过程。据已有的文献报道,在对大鼠使用低分子量胶原蛋白肽灌胃处理2周后,在血液中可以检测到Gly-Pro-Hyp三肽的存在,且在皮肤中检测发现进入体内的胶原蛋白肽被富集利用,表明胶原蛋白肽对皮肤的健康有正向反馈作用[11]。粪便中脯氨酸含量变化可反映消化吸收效率及肠道菌群代谢状态,体内部分未被吸收的游离脯氨酸或短肽最终会通过粪便排出[29]。皮肤在6~12 h时段活跃利用脯氨酸进行胶原合成以及修复作用,此发现可为金蝶胶在护肤产品中的应用提供有力数据依据,在后续的产品开发中重点突出其持续修护滋养,促进皮肤胶原合成,减缓胶原蛋白流失的功效特性;粪便中的脯氨酸含量全时段显示均较低,进一步表明金蝶胶进入体内消化分解为胶原蛋白肽能被机体有效吸收利用,具有较高的利用率,为金蝶胶能被活体有效吸收利用提供有力说明。
表4展示的是经过计算后花胶胶原蛋白肽进入体内,各个时间段在各个器官的相对丰度,以丰度的大小间接反映胶原蛋白肽在每个器官的吸收效率。纵向对比发现,在花胶进入体内3 h的时间段胶原蛋白肽吸收效率最高的四个器官是:小肠、胃部、盲肠和结肠;在花胶进入体内6 h的时间段胶原蛋白肽吸收效率最高的四个器官是:小肠、盲肠、结肠和皮肤;在花胶进入体内12 h内的时间段胶原蛋白肽吸收效率最高的四个器官是:小肠、盲肠、结肠和皮肤;在花胶进入体内24 h内的时间段胶原蛋白肽吸收效率最高的四个器官是:小肠、结肠、肝脏和盲肠。Ahmed等[30]研究结果发现,在口服胶原蛋白肽后,超过63.4%比例的肽能在肠道中被完整吸收。在现有的对胶原蛋白肽在肠道中的消化吸收变化过程研究显示,肽段的进一步降解主要发生在小肠,并被小肠粘膜细胞吸收运用,在小肠中未经吸收的进入大肠和结肠区域进一步消化吸收[31]。
横向比对,发现肽最初进入体内时在胃部会出现短时间的吸收,3 h后胃部的标记脯氨酸丰度下降,小肠作为主要吸收器官一直维持较高的丰度,剩余器官如肝脏、脾脏和肾脏等在不同的时间段出现不同程度的丰度下降或升高,推测在花胶进入体内后的3~24 h之间在血液的运输下到达不同的器官被吸收,但在心脏和肺部中的吸收效率一直较低,可能这两个器官对胶原蛋白肽不存在明显的吸收作用;在进入体内12 h的时间段皮肤的丰度对比起其他时间段有明显上升,推测在肽进入体内的12 h左右能够经过血液的运输参与皮肤的构建。
横纵向比对结果显示,金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽的吸收效果具有明显的器官及时效特异性,为其差异化营养功效提供了初步的机制解释。各个器官的吸收效率差异表明,金蝶胶在心脏、肾脏、肝脏的吸收利用效率总体不及其在皮肤中的吸收利用效率,针对此差异可以开发金蝶胶修护皮肤和美容养颜相关功能的产品;而金蝶胶在消化道中的消化吸收效率整体较高,证明机体对于金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽的吸收较为充分,因此可以将金蝶胶胶原蛋白或者胶原蛋白肽提纯,制备高纯度的高蛋白或者高含量肽的营养品,具有较好的市场前景。
本研究采用体外消化法成功制备金蝶胶胶原蛋白肽,并明确了其特征性氨基酸组成:甘氨酸20.80%,脯氨酸10.72%,丙氨酸10.60%。通过应用同位素代谢流分析技术,系统揭示了金蝶胶原蛋白肽中富含脯氨酸组分在小鼠体内的动态吸收路径与器官特异性积累规律。研究表明,小肠作为主要吸收器官,其P*丰度指标在24 h内持续高于50%,是肽进入体循环吸收的主要器官。胃、盲肠、结肠、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏等器官的积累水平随时间呈现动态变化,反映了肽在体内的复杂分布与代谢过程;心脏和肺部的积累水平始终较低,反映了肽在体内的吸收具有器官特异性。在摄入后12 h,皮肤中P*的相对丰度指标显著提升至峰值(11.71%),由此推测其富含脯氨酸的组分能有效靶向递送至皮肤组织,并可能深度参与皮肤胶原蛋白合成与组织修复过程。
本研究不仅为金蝶胶作为一种新型胶原蛋白肽资源的开发应用提供了重要的体内代谢动力学理论基础,其揭示的皮肤特异性吸收特征,也为深入探究金蝶胶原蛋白肽的“美容养颜”、“养宫护宫”以及“助消化”功效机制指明了方向。但在使用同位素代谢流检测分析过程中,由于首次使用此方法进行检测分析,操作不熟悉以及实验条件有限导致的数据偏差比较大,需要在后期研究采用更高精度仪器熟悉操作后高精度检测,并结合体内功效评价如皮肤羟脯氨酸含量、组织学观察、屏障功能测试,和修复机制探索如胶原合成相关基因通路分析,进一步确证其皮肤营养功效并阐明具体作用途径。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060130
  • 接收时间:2025-06-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12
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    1华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州 510642
    2广东官栈营养健康科技有限公司,广东广州 510300

通讯作者:

张宇(1981−),男,本科,研究方向:食品保健品开发,E-mail:。
杜冰(1973−)(ORCID:0000−0002−5301−2756),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品新原料的开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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