Article(id=1320166096691377077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749657600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681724951, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681724951, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681724951, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681724951, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=300, endPage=313, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166096871732150, articleId=1320166096691377077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Comparative Analysis of Flavonoids in Different Varieties of Actinidia arguta Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the metabolic differences of flavonoids among three varieties of Actinidia arguta ('Longcheng 2', 'L133' and '909'), and identify the core differential metabolites and key metabolic pathways, this study employed a widely targeted metabolomics approach to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in the mature fruits of the three varieties. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined to screen differential metabolites, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the KEGG database. The results showed that a total of 286 flavonoids belonging to 11 categories were detected, among which flavonols were the most abundant (118 species, accounting for 41%). PCA and HCA results indicated significant differences in flavonoid composition among the three varieties, each containing characteristic and highly enriched flavonoid components. Specifically, 'Longcheng 2' exhibited the highest contents of quercetin-5,4'-di-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-(6-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside), and tricin-7-O-glucuronide, which possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, highlighting its potential for developing functional products. 'L133' had the highest levels of luteolin and its derivatives, contributing to its unique flavor profile and suitability for processed flavor products. '909' showed the highest anthocyanin content, which imparted vivid coloration to the fruit, making it advantageous for developing functional dried fruits or dietary supplements. These characteristic metabolites might serve as key markers for variety differentiation. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differential flavonoids were mainly enriched in the isorhamnetin-O-glycoside biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and kaempferol aglycone biosynthesis Ⅱ pathway. This study provides theoretical support and data references for the variety breeding of A. arguta, the precise development of flavonoids, and the research and development of functional foods.

, authors=Haoran LIU1, Hexuan LIU1, Dahua REN1, Yuhong YANG1, *, Hongling WANG2, *, authorsList=Haoran LIU, Hexuan LIU, Dahua REN, Yuhong YANG, Hongling WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuhong YANG, Hongling WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166102114612169, articleId=1320166096691377077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于广靶代谢组学的不同品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物的比较分析, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究‘龙城2号’、‘L133’以及‘909’3个品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物的代谢差异,明确核心差异代谢物与关键代谢通路,采用广靶代谢组学技术,对3个品种成熟期果实的黄酮类化合物进行定性定量分析,结合主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)、层次聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析筛选差异代谢物(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),通过KEGG数据库进行通路富集分析。结果表明,共检测到11类286个黄酮类化合物,其中黄酮醇类种类最多,为118个,占比41%;PCA与HCA结果表明,3个品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物组成差异显著,且各品种均含有特征性高度富集的黄酮类成分,其中,‘龙城2号’中槲皮素-5,4'-二-O-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-O-(6-咖啡酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷)以及苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖二酸苷含量最高,这些成分具有较强的抗氧化和抗炎活性,使该品种在功能性产品开发中具有潜力;‘L133’中木犀草素及其衍生物含量最高,有助于其形成独特风味,适宜风味产品加工;‘909’中花青素类物质含量显著高于其他品种,可赋予果实鲜艳色泽,使其在功能性果干或膳食补充剂开发中具备优势。这些特征代谢物可能是区分品种差异的关键物质。KEGG富集分析揭示,差异黄酮类化合物主要富集于异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径、类黄酮生物合成途径以及山奈酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径中。本研究为软枣猕猴桃品种选育、黄酮类化合物精准开发及功能性食品研发提供理论支持和数据参考。

, authors=刘浩然1, 刘赫宣1, 任达华1, 杨玉红1, *, 王虹玲2, *, authorsList=刘浩然, 刘赫宣, 任达华, 杨玉红, 王虹玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨玉红, 王虹玲, authorNote=

刘浩然(2000−)(0RCID:0009−0006−9867−2893),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨玉红(1973−)(ORCID:0000−0002−6742−0777),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物活性物质,E-mail:。
王虹玲(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0002−4077−2545),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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注:A:‘LCEH’;B:‘909’;C:‘L133’。

, figureFileSmall=4QZw8uDAtvxxuHtlF+QVTA==, figureFileBig=9SVzlJocwQybegRvgRW2+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106443133939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Total ion chromatogram (TIC) of mass spectrometry detection for quality control samples, figureFileSmall=K7W94PKm2PmLBoPEL5BWUg==, figureFileBig=aQGLsd5UOG2zzXosANHwUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106514437108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图2, caption=QC 样本质谱检测总离子图(TIC)

注:A.负离子模式;B.正离子模式。

, figureFileSmall=K7W94PKm2PmLBoPEL5BWUg==, figureFileBig=aQGLsd5UOG2zzXosANHwUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106594128885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Correlation plot among different samples of A. arguta, figureFileSmall=t4L0gJu3JIdI+B6JrB/Ttg==, figureFileBig=BYDJDwxurtfsoNMEBlkLRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106669626358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同软枣猕猴桃样本间相关性

注:*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=t4L0gJu3JIdI+B6JrB/Ttg==, figureFileBig=BYDJDwxurtfsoNMEBlkLRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106728346615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Classification of flavonoid categories (A) and comparative analysis of flavonoid differences across the three varieties of A. arguta (B), figureFileSmall=kPjspLRSdmlsWSNJnIG25A==, figureFileBig=idSuA5UZIqgjK0w17vjuvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106799649784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图4, caption=黄酮类化合物类别分类(A)及3个软枣猕猴桃品种间黄酮类化合物差异(B), figureFileSmall=kPjspLRSdmlsWSNJnIG25A==, figureFileBig=idSuA5UZIqgjK0w17vjuvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106858370041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=PCA (A) and HCA (B) diagrams of flavonoid metabolites in different varieties of A. arguta, figureFileSmall=s05fTrb9mpz+8/GEk4VlTA==, figureFileBig=V0rPfW8kbMp6EA5eK2AZ1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106925478906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类代谢物PCA图(A)和HCA图(B), figureFileSmall=s05fTrb9mpz+8/GEk4VlTA==, figureFileBig=V0rPfW8kbMp6EA5eK2AZ1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166106988393467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score chart and verification chart, figureFileSmall=hW9MyWWWOyOYCDT3Ah5SwQ==, figureFileBig=/eUlRoV1D99MNAjqAq/I2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107059696636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图6, caption=正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)得分图及验证图

注:A.‘L133’ vs. ‘909’得分图;B.‘L133’ vs. ‘909’验证图;C.‘LCEH’ vs. ‘909’得分图;D.‘LCEH’ vs. ‘909’验证图;E.‘LCEH’ vs. ‘L133’得分图;F.‘LCEH’ vs. ‘L133’验证图。

, figureFileSmall=hW9MyWWWOyOYCDT3Ah5SwQ==, figureFileBig=/eUlRoV1D99MNAjqAq/I2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107130999805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Dynamic analysis of differential metabolites in different varieties of A. arguta, figureFileSmall=RhL3aaOh4hySm4OjlK2eeg==, figureFileBig=tWjR7/4k+3Qvq4d/k8DQ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107198108670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同品种软枣猕猴桃差异代谢物动态分析

注:A.‘L133 vs. 909’火山图;B.‘L133 vs. 909’差异倍数柱状图;C.‘LCEH vs. 909’火山图;D.‘LCEH vs. 909’差异倍数柱状图;E.‘LCEH vs. L133’火山图;F.‘LCEH vs. L133’差异倍数柱状图。

, figureFileSmall=RhL3aaOh4hySm4OjlK2eeg==, figureFileBig=tWjR7/4k+3Qvq4d/k8DQ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107265217535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Venn plot of differential metabolites in pairwise groups (A), percentage of common differential metabolites (B) and clustering analysis heatmap of differential metabolites (C), figureFileSmall=4iCorxvtCv0IMc6vIgI9Aw==, figureFileBig=mWOIPy3ORsuxBYkSRLig/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107332326400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图8, caption=比较组的差异代谢物韦恩图(A)、共同差异代谢物占比图(B)及差异代谢物聚类分析热图(C), figureFileSmall=4iCorxvtCv0IMc6vIgI9Aw==, figureFileBig=mWOIPy3ORsuxBYkSRLig/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107407822848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=KEGG enrichment pathway of different metabolites in A. arguta and metabolite pathway flowchart, figureFileSmall=xylxpm2u0YhX1Kye8W7Yeg==, figureFileBig=hw6ItdGCWHJvjI1xM4jdVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107466543105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=图9, caption=软枣猕猴桃组间差异代谢物KEGG富集通路及代谢物通路流程图

注:A:‘L133 vs. 909’;B:‘LCEH vs. 909’;C:‘LCEH vs. L133’;点的大小表示富集到的差异代谢物数量。

, figureFileSmall=xylxpm2u0YhX1Kye8W7Yeg==, figureFileBig=hw6ItdGCWHJvjI1xM4jdVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166107525263362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Core differential flavonoid metabolites among different comparison groups of A. arguta

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号物质分类分子式CAS
Lmmp001947棉黄素-3-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇C21H20O13−
Lmfp003403槲皮万寿菊素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(万寿菊苷)*黄酮醇C21H20O13548-75-4
Lmpp003465杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇C21H20O1319833-12-6
Lmdp002969杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷*黄酮醇C21H20O1315648-86-9
MWSHY0061山柰酚-3-O-新橙皮糖苷*黄酮醇C27H30O1532602-81-6
MWSHY0080木犀草素-7-O-新橘皮糖苷(忍冬苷)*黄酮C27H30O1525694-72-8
MWSslk254山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇C27H30O1540437-72-7
Hmpp003270木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮C21H20O116920-38-3
Lmdn0060252-羟基-2,3-二氢染料木素*异黄酮C15H12O6−
Zayn005572槲皮素-3-(2''-没食子酰)鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇C28H24O15−
Wayn005694五羟基黄酮5-(2''-二羟基苯甲酰基葡萄糖苷)*黄酮C28H24O15−
Lmfn003630杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷*黄酮醇C20H18O12−
mws1094香橙素(二氢山柰酚)二氢黄酮醇C15H12O6480-20-6
Lmsp004915金鱼草素-4-O-葡萄糖苷橙酮类C21H20O11−
Lahp004500槲皮素芥子酰葡萄糖苷黄酮醇C32H30O16−
Hmcp005575槲皮素-5,4'-二-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇C27H30O17−
Lmtp0039483',5',5,7-四羟基-4'-甲氧基黄烷酮-3'-O-葡萄糖苷二氢黄酮C22H24O12−
Lmjp001367矢车菊素-3-O-(β-D-木糖基-(1->2)-β-D-半乳糖苷)花青素C26H29O15+−
Lmcp005542飞燕草素-3-O-(6-咖啡酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷)花青素C30H27O15+−
Lmpp003789矢车菊素-3-O-(6-O-对香豆酰)葡萄糖苷花青素C30H27O13+−
pmb0578木犀草素-7-O-(6''-芥子酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮C32H30O15−
pmb3041苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖二酸苷黄酮C23H22O14−
Zmjp001877矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷花青素C26H29O15+63535-17-1
Wbtn0054831,3,6-三羟基-2,5,7-三甲氧基-9-蒽酮其他类黄酮C16H14O8−
MWS20147木犀草素-3'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮C21H20O115154-41-6
), ArticleFig(id=1320166109177819139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同软枣猕猴桃比较组间核心黄酮差异代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号物质分类分子式CAS
Lmmp001947棉黄素-3-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇C21H20O13−
Lmfp003403槲皮万寿菊素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(万寿菊苷)*黄酮醇C21H20O13548-75-4
Lmpp003465杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇C21H20O1319833-12-6
Lmdp002969杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷*黄酮醇C21H20O1315648-86-9
MWSHY0061山柰酚-3-O-新橙皮糖苷*黄酮醇C27H30O1532602-81-6
MWSHY0080木犀草素-7-O-新橘皮糖苷(忍冬苷)*黄酮C27H30O1525694-72-8
MWSslk254山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇C27H30O1540437-72-7
Hmpp003270木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮C21H20O116920-38-3
Lmdn0060252-羟基-2,3-二氢染料木素*异黄酮C15H12O6−
Zayn005572槲皮素-3-(2''-没食子酰)鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇C28H24O15−
Wayn005694五羟基黄酮5-(2''-二羟基苯甲酰基葡萄糖苷)*黄酮C28H24O15−
Lmfn003630杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷*黄酮醇C20H18O12−
mws1094香橙素(二氢山柰酚)二氢黄酮醇C15H12O6480-20-6
Lmsp004915金鱼草素-4-O-葡萄糖苷橙酮类C21H20O11−
Lahp004500槲皮素芥子酰葡萄糖苷黄酮醇C32H30O16−
Hmcp005575槲皮素-5,4'-二-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇C27H30O17−
Lmtp0039483',5',5,7-四羟基-4'-甲氧基黄烷酮-3'-O-葡萄糖苷二氢黄酮C22H24O12−
Lmjp001367矢车菊素-3-O-(β-D-木糖基-(1->2)-β-D-半乳糖苷)花青素C26H29O15+−
Lmcp005542飞燕草素-3-O-(6-咖啡酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷)花青素C30H27O15+−
Lmpp003789矢车菊素-3-O-(6-O-对香豆酰)葡萄糖苷花青素C30H27O13+−
pmb0578木犀草素-7-O-(6''-芥子酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮C32H30O15−
pmb3041苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖二酸苷黄酮C23H22O14−
Zmjp001877矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷花青素C26H29O15+63535-17-1
Wbtn0054831,3,6-三羟基-2,5,7-三甲氧基-9-蒽酮其他类黄酮C16H14O8−
MWS20147木犀草素-3'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮C21H20O115154-41-6
), ArticleFig(id=1320166109253316612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Significantly enriched metabolites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称二级分类代谢物含量变化
‘L133 vs. 909’
异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径
异鼠李素-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇上调
异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(水仙苷)*黄酮醇上调
异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷*黄酮醇上调
杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇下调
杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷*黄酮醇下调
异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇上调
异鼠李素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(蔓菁苷)*黄酮醇上调
杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷-3'-O-鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇上调
杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷*黄酮醇下调
杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷*黄酮醇下调
杨梅素-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇下调
异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮醇上调
‘LCEH vs. 909’
类黄酮生物合成途径
柚皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(樱桃苷)*二氢黄酮上调
3,5,7-三羟基黄烷酮(短叶松素)*二氢黄酮醇上调
柚皮素*二氢黄酮上调
圣草酚*二氢黄酮上调
香橙素(二氢山柰酚)二氢黄酮醇下调
白矢车菊素黄烷醇下调
柚皮素查耳酮查尔酮上调
表没食子儿茶素黄烷醇下调
没食子儿茶素黄烷醇下调
异杞柳苷(根皮苷查耳酮)查尔酮上调
‘LCEH vs. L133’
山奈酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径
6-甲氧基山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇上调
山柰酚-4'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇下调
香橙素(二氢山柰酚)二氢黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷(胡桃苷)黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷-4'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇下调
8-甲氧基山柰酚-7-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮醇上调
山柰酚-3,7-O-二鼠李糖苷(山柰苷)黄酮醇上调
), ArticleFig(id=1320166109345591301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166096691377077, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

显著富集代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称二级分类代谢物含量变化
‘L133 vs. 909’
异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径
异鼠李素-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇上调
异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(水仙苷)*黄酮醇上调
异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷*黄酮醇上调
杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇下调
杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷*黄酮醇下调
异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇上调
异鼠李素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(蔓菁苷)*黄酮醇上调
杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷-3'-O-鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇上调
杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷*黄酮醇下调
杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷*黄酮醇下调
杨梅素-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇下调
异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮醇上调
‘LCEH vs. 909’
类黄酮生物合成途径
柚皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(樱桃苷)*二氢黄酮上调
3,5,7-三羟基黄烷酮(短叶松素)*二氢黄酮醇上调
柚皮素*二氢黄酮上调
圣草酚*二氢黄酮上调
香橙素(二氢山柰酚)二氢黄酮醇下调
白矢车菊素黄烷醇下调
柚皮素查耳酮查尔酮上调
表没食子儿茶素黄烷醇下调
没食子儿茶素黄烷醇下调
异杞柳苷(根皮苷查耳酮)查尔酮上调
‘LCEH vs. L133’
山奈酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径
6-甲氧基山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷*黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷*黄酮醇上调
山柰酚-4'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇下调
香橙素(二氢山柰酚)二氢黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷(胡桃苷)黄酮醇下调
山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷-4'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇下调
8-甲氧基山柰酚-7-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮醇上调
山柰酚-3,7-O-二鼠李糖苷(山柰苷)黄酮醇上调
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基于广靶代谢组学的不同品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物的比较分析
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刘浩然 1 , 刘赫宣 1 , 任达华 1 , 杨玉红 1, * , 王虹玲 2, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(14): 300-313
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (14) : 300 -313
基于广靶代谢组学的不同品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物的比较分析
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刘浩然1 , 刘赫宣1, 任达华1, 杨玉红1, * , 王虹玲2, *
作者信息
  • 1沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院,辽宁沈阳 110866
  • 2沈阳科技学院化工与制药学院,辽宁沈阳 110000
通讯作者:
杨玉红(1973−)(ORCID:0000−0002−6742−0777),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物活性物质,E-mail:。
王虹玲(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0002−4077−2545),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘浩然(2000−)(0RCID:0009−0006−9867−2893),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

Comparative Analysis of Flavonoids in Different Varieties of Actinidia arguta Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics
Haoran LIU1 , Hexuan LIU1, Dahua REN1, Yuhong YANG1, * , Hongling WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
  • 2College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Shenyang Institute of Science and Technology, Shenyang 110000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060136
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为探究‘龙城2号’、‘L133’以及‘909’3个品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物的代谢差异,明确核心差异代谢物与关键代谢通路,采用广靶代谢组学技术,对3个品种成熟期果实的黄酮类化合物进行定性定量分析,结合主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)、层次聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析筛选差异代谢物(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),通过KEGG数据库进行通路富集分析。结果表明,共检测到11类286个黄酮类化合物,其中黄酮醇类种类最多,为118个,占比41%;PCA与HCA结果表明,3个品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物组成差异显著,且各品种均含有特征性高度富集的黄酮类成分,其中,‘龙城2号’中槲皮素-5,4'-二-O-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-O-(6-咖啡酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷)以及苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖二酸苷含量最高,这些成分具有较强的抗氧化和抗炎活性,使该品种在功能性产品开发中具有潜力;‘L133’中木犀草素及其衍生物含量最高,有助于其形成独特风味,适宜风味产品加工;‘909’中花青素类物质含量显著高于其他品种,可赋予果实鲜艳色泽,使其在功能性果干或膳食补充剂开发中具备优势。这些特征代谢物可能是区分品种差异的关键物质。KEGG富集分析揭示,差异黄酮类化合物主要富集于异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径、类黄酮生物合成途径以及山奈酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径中。本研究为软枣猕猴桃品种选育、黄酮类化合物精准开发及功能性食品研发提供理论支持和数据参考。

软枣猕猴桃  /  黄酮类化合物  /  广泛靶向代谢组  /  代谢途径

To explore the metabolic differences of flavonoids among three varieties of Actinidia arguta ('Longcheng 2', 'L133' and '909'), and identify the core differential metabolites and key metabolic pathways, this study employed a widely targeted metabolomics approach to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in the mature fruits of the three varieties. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined to screen differential metabolites, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the KEGG database. The results showed that a total of 286 flavonoids belonging to 11 categories were detected, among which flavonols were the most abundant (118 species, accounting for 41%). PCA and HCA results indicated significant differences in flavonoid composition among the three varieties, each containing characteristic and highly enriched flavonoid components. Specifically, 'Longcheng 2' exhibited the highest contents of quercetin-5,4'-di-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-(6-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside), and tricin-7-O-glucuronide, which possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, highlighting its potential for developing functional products. 'L133' had the highest levels of luteolin and its derivatives, contributing to its unique flavor profile and suitability for processed flavor products. '909' showed the highest anthocyanin content, which imparted vivid coloration to the fruit, making it advantageous for developing functional dried fruits or dietary supplements. These characteristic metabolites might serve as key markers for variety differentiation. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differential flavonoids were mainly enriched in the isorhamnetin-O-glycoside biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and kaempferol aglycone biosynthesis Ⅱ pathway. This study provides theoretical support and data references for the variety breeding of A. arguta, the precise development of flavonoids, and the research and development of functional foods.

Actinidia arguta  /  flavonoids  /  widely targeted metabolomics  /  metabolic pathway
刘浩然, 刘赫宣, 任达华, 杨玉红, 王虹玲. 基于广靶代谢组学的不同品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物的比较分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 300 -313 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060136
Haoran LIU, Hexuan LIU, Dahua REN, Yuhong YANG, Hongling WANG. Comparative Analysis of Flavonoids in Different Varieties of Actinidia arguta Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 300 -313 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060136
软枣猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta)为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属大型落叶藤本植物,在我国主要分布于辽宁、黑龙江、吉林、山东等东北及华北地区,其中辽宁省是核心产区,经多年商业化栽培发展,辽宁丹东已引进国内外60余个品种,年培育种苗超500万株,成为我国最大的软枣猕猴桃产业基地[1];据近年产业数据显示,我国软枣猕猴桃年产量已突破15万吨,其中辽宁省产量占比超60%,在产业链中占据主导地位[2]。软枣猕猴桃果实酸甜多汁,富含黄酮类化合物、多糖、生物碱、有机酸等营养物质[3],作为典型药食同源浆果[4],其具有降血糖、抗衰老、抗癌、增强免疫力、改善血液循环等功效,开发利用价值极高[5]。黄酮类化合物作为结构多样的重要次生代谢产物,广泛存在于药食同源植物中,在植物的生长发育过程中及面对病害、逆境环境时均发挥着重要作用,还具备抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、增强免疫力等诸多药理活性[6],是决定软枣猕猴桃营养价值与功能特性的核心物质基础。
当前,代谢组学技术已广泛应用于植物品质改良与生长发育机制解析,其中广靶代谢组学作为代谢组学的重要分支,能兼顾靶向分析的精准性与非靶向分析的全面性,凭借高通量、高灵敏度与高覆盖度的技术特性,既能够实现对已知代谢物的精准定量,又可挖掘低丰度、未知的差异代谢物,已在化合物定性、定量、鉴定及分类,植物品质改良、生长发育机制解析等领域中得到广泛应用[7−8];兰天等[9]通过广靶代谢组学解析红黄果枸杞营养价值,为产品开发提供依据;李林璇等[10]运用该技术比较不同栽培型甜菜黄酮类化合物差异,明确研究方向;沈植国等[11]则借助其鉴定出蜡梅花中82个类黄酮,揭示花色调控代谢物。现阶段有关软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物的研究主要集中在生理活性和含量差异方面,姜立春等[12]研究表明软枣猕猴桃茎部的黄酮提取物有着较强的抗氧化活性。王菲等[13]从软枣猕猴桃中成功分离并精准鉴定出异槲皮苷、槲皮素和芦丁三个黄酮类成分,并首次发现了异槲皮苷。TAN等[14]研究发现,软枣猕猴桃的茎叶果实中所含有的总黄酮含量有所差异。然而利用广靶代谢组学分析比较不同品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物代谢差异及通路尚未进行全面研究。然而,现有研究仍存不足:一是缺乏利用广靶代谢组学对不同品种软枣猕猴桃黄酮代谢差异及通路的系统分析;二是针对东北地区主栽品种因果皮色泽、成熟期及育种体系差异导致的黄酮代谢分化研究匮乏,难以支撑品种特性与代谢机制的深度关联。
‘龙城2号’(LCEH)、‘L133’和‘909’3个软枣猕猴桃品种是我国东北地区广泛种植的主要品种,三者在品种果实性状、果皮颜色、成熟期上差异显著。‘LCEH’与‘L133’均为绿皮品种且无亲缘性,其中‘LCEH’树势旺盛、丰产稳定、抗寒能力强,属晚熟品种;‘L133’适合在辽东及东北地区栽培,抗逆能力强,属于中熟品种;‘909’则为“红皮早熟”生态型,与前两者分属不同育种体系,兼具坐果率高、丰产性强、耐储性高及适配温室与大田种植的优势。研究报道,黄酮类化合物对软枣猕猴桃品质影响显著,其含量和种类差异是造成果实色泽差异的关键因素[15],且与果实外观[16]、营养价值、生理活性等差异相关,表明这3个品种作为营养物质的价值有待深入挖掘。基于此,本研究采用广靶代谢组学技术对上述3个品种成熟期果实的黄酮类化合物进行比较分析,旨在筛选关键差异代谢物、解析核心差异代谢通路,进而完善不同品种软枣猕猴桃特性与黄酮代谢机制的关联认知。该研究不仅为软枣猕猴桃品种选育、功能成分精准开发提供科学依据,也为东北地区软枣猕猴桃产业的高质量发展提供理论支撑。
软枣猕猴桃 品种为‘LCEH’、‘909’以及‘L133’(图1),果实采摘于辽宁省丹东地区软枣猕猴桃基地。‘LCEH’果实于9月下旬成熟,采样时果实硬度3.5~4.0 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物(SSC)含量16~18°Brix。‘909’果实于8月中旬成熟,采样时果实硬度5.0~5.5 kg/cm2,SSC含量15~17°Brix。‘L133’果实于9月上旬成熟,采样时果实硬度4.5~5.0 kg/cm2,SSC含量14~16°Brix。每个品种选取5年生健壮植株,采样部位为树冠外围中部阳面果实,每株采集10个果实混合为1个生物学重复,设置3组重复,样品采摘当天立即运回实验室,并在−20 ℃冰箱冷冻保存,以确保其新鲜度和稳定性;甲醇、乙腈 色谱纯,Merck公司;甲酸 色谱纯,Aladdin公司;聚丙二醇 色谱纯,赛默飞世尔科技公司。
SHIMADZU Nexera X2超高效液相色谱仪 中国岛津公司;Applied Biosystems 4500 QTRAP三重四级杆质谱仪 上海赛默飞世尔科技公司;Agilent SB-C18色谱柱(1.8 µm,2.1 mm×100 mm) 中国安捷伦科技有限公司;Scientz-100F冻干机 中国宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;Vortex-Genie 2涡旋振荡器 Scientific Industries公司。
取试验所需3种软枣猕猴桃果实开展代谢组学测定,设置每组3个生物学重复。首先对软枣猕猴桃样品进行冷冻干燥后研磨处理,取500 mg粉末,加入1.2 mL 70%的甲醇提取液,每隔30 min涡旋样品,每次持续30 s,循环重复操作6次。随后将上述所得悬浮液于12000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,滤液保存在液相瓶,以备UPLC-MS/MS分析。
色谱条件:色谱柱为SB-C18(1.8 μm,2.1 mm×100 mm);流动相:A相为超纯水(加入0.1%的甲酸),B相为乙腈;洗脱梯度:0~9 min,5%~95% B;9~10 min,95% B;10~11 min,95%~5% B;11~14 min,5% B;流速:0.35 mL/min;柱温40 ℃;进样量2 μL。
质谱条件:电喷雾离子源(Electrospray ionization,ESI)温度:550 ℃,离子喷雾电压(IS)的正离子模式:5500 V,负离子模式:−4500 V;离子源气体I(GSI)、气体II(GSII)以及气帘气(CUR)的设定分别是50、60和25 psi,碰撞诱导电离的参数设置为高。在QQQ和LIT模式下分别用10和100 μmol/L的聚丙二醇溶液对仪器调谐和质量校准。QQQ扫描中,选择MRM模式,并将碰撞的气体(氮气)设置为中等。在进一步优化去簇电压(Declustering potential,DP)和碰撞能(Collision energy,CE)的基础上,实现对各个MRM离子对的DP和CE精准检测。依据不同时间段洗脱的代谢产物,对每个时间段内特定的MRM离子进行监测。
质控样本由3组不同品种的软枣猕猴桃粉末提取物等量混合制备而成,每个品种的提取物都设置3组重复试验。在仪器分析过程中,一般每10个检测分析样本中插入一个质控样本,来监测分析的稳定性及重复性。
借助武汉迈维生物科技有限公司对样本进行UPLS-MS/MS分析,并利用公司MVDBV2.0数据库及代谢物信息公共数据库,根据质谱的二级谱信息进行代谢物的定性分析。代谢物定量分析则采用MRM模式进行,并对数据运用多元统计分析手段展开深入探究。对模型采用主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(HCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)手段进行评估。通过多维统计VIP值及差异倍数等指标,有效筛选出差异代谢物。筛选条件:VIP≥1、FC≥2或≤0.5的结果,差异代谢物以火山图的形式呈现,针对筛选得到的差异代谢物,借助KEGG等数据库平台,深入开展代谢途径的富集分析,进而精准确定与差异代谢物表现紧密相关的关键通路。使用Excel 2019和Analyst 1.6.3软件进行数据整理和分析,利用Metware Cloud云平台(https://cloud.metware.cn/)和Chiplot软件进行图表制作,通过Adobe Illustrator 2019软件进行图形布局排版。
借助迈维生物科技有限公司自主构建的MVDBV2.0数据库,针对所有样本进行质控分析,得到QC样本质谱检测总离子图(TIC),分析结果如图2所示。在测定过程中,总离子图呈现出高度的曲线重叠特性,表明信号稳定性较好,为后续数据的重复性和可靠性提供了重要的保障。
使用皮尔逊相关系数r对组间和组内数据的相关性进行分析(图3),结果表明‘LCEH’与L133’样本间相关系数为0.57,二者相似性较低;同一组内相关性系数均大于0.99,显示出良好的重复性,说明代谢物数据可靠,且不同样本间具有显著相关性。
从3种软枣猕猴桃中共检测出286个黄酮类化合物,其中正离子模式[M+H]+下检测到172个,负离子模式[M-H]−下检测到100个(附表1,详见本刊官网 http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。这些代谢物依据其化学结构特征,可进一步细分为11类(图4A),其中黄酮醇类118个,占比41.26%,黄酮类42个,占比14.69%,二氢黄酮类、黄烷醇类均为29个,其他类黄酮类20个,查尔酮类有16个,花青素类13个,二氢黄酮醇类9个,异黄酮类7个,橙酮类2个,二氢异黄酮类最少,仅有1个。所有黄酮类化合物均在三个品种下被检测到,但是每个品种中代谢物含量不同。如图4B所示,‘LCEH’相较于其他品种二氢黄酮、黄酮醇、黄烷醇、类黄酮及异黄酮的相对含量较高,因其形成复合抗氧化体系,可提供多维抗氧化保护。‘909’中花青素相对含量高于其他两品种,约是‘L133’的2倍,具有显著的品种特异性;‘L133’相较于其他品种所含的黄酮、橙酮及查尔酮的相对含量较高。
对检测到的286个黄酮类化合物进行功能性分析,结果显示3个品种软枣猕猴桃因黄酮类化合物的种类与含量差异形成了各具特色的营养特性:其中‘LCEH’中类黄酮化合物相对含量较高,这类物质作为维生素C的协同因子,可通过多种作用途径显著抑制炎症反应[17];‘909’中花青素类化合物占比较高(图4B),而花青素的氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC值)显著优于常见抗氧化成分,是维生素C的20倍、维生素E的50倍[18],可大幅提升果实的抗氧化营养密度,因此‘909’成为天然抗氧化剂的优质来源,尤其适合开发功能性果干或膳食补充剂;‘L133’的特点在于中黄酮类化合物相对含量较高,黄酮类化合物在肠道内可被微生物代谢为短链脂肪酸,既能调节肠道菌群平衡,还能增强膳食纤维的益生元效应[19],因此被认定为膳食纤维前体的供体品种。
为了进一步挖掘不同品种软枣猕猴桃之间的差异,对样品进行主成分分析(PCA),结果如图5A所示,‘909’和‘LCEH’的生物学重复集中在图的左侧,‘L133’的生物学重复集中在右侧,表明3组样本在第一主成分轴上,明显分离,且每组生物学重复的混合样本数据点在椭圆内部相对集中,说明组内差异小,第一主成分可解释40.93%的变异,第二成分可解释24.8%的变异。PCA结果显示3种软枣猕猴桃黄酮类化合物存在一定的差异。归一化处理完数据后,运用聚类层次分析(HCA)开展研究,结果如图5B所示。3个品种的软枣猕猴桃被明显划分为两大簇,其中‘909’与‘LCEH’聚为一类,‘L133’单独聚为一类,表明3个品种间的软枣猕猴桃中黄酮类化合物在‘LCEH’和‘909’呈相似变化趋势,而‘L133’则呈现出与其他两个品种不同的变化趋势,进一步说明‘909’与‘LCEH’和‘L133’的代谢物存在显著差异。此外不同生物重复样本也被聚集成一簇,这表明生物重复间具有良好的一致性,进一步验证了数据的高可靠性和分析方法的有效性。
主成分分析法虽然能高效提取关键信息,但对相关性较弱的信息不够敏感,而正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)能够很好弥补PCA的不足。进一步通过OPLS-DA对所得数据进行分析及验证,结果如图6所示。3个品种软枣猕猴桃样本两两组间做比较,均在第一主成分轴上明显分离,表明两个样本间代谢物有显著差异,用R2X、R2Y、Q2作为模型的关键预测参数,其中R2X和R2Y分别代指模型对X和Y矩阵的解释程度,Q2代表模型的预测效能,能够直观呈现模型预测未知样本的准确程度,这三个指标越趋近于1,模型性能越佳,稳定性和可靠性越高。通常认为,当Q2>0.5时,该模型被认定为效模型,当Q2>0.9时,此模型认定为出色模型。从图中清晰看出,3组样本Q2数值均大于0.9,表明此模型具备良好的稳定性,可以用来进一步地筛选不同的黄酮类化合物,同时也反映出不同样本间存在明显差异,此方法初步验证了PCA和HCA分析结果,可以进一步筛选差异代谢物。
借助MWDB数据库,针对所检测出的286个黄酮类化合物展开定量与定性分析,火山图能够直观地展示不同组别下两个样本中代谢产物积累程度的差异。通过OPLS-DA模型的VIP值(VIP≥1)和倍变化值(Fold Change≥2或Fold Change≤0.5)的筛选方法,对每组的差异代谢物进行筛选。经过筛选得到前20位差异显著的代谢物,如图7所示,‘L133’和‘909’之间有134个差异显著的代谢物,其中上调代谢物有103个,占比76.8%,其中‘L133’中的槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-乙酰)葡萄糖醛酸苷是上调差异倍数最大的代谢物,该成分属于黄酮醇类化合物,其生物学功能可能与抗癌有关,可通过抑制β2-肾上腺素信号通路阻断乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的侵袭能力[20];下调代谢物有31个,占比23.1%,其中‘909’中的矢车菊素-3-O-(β-D-木糖基-(1→2)-β-D-半乳糖苷)是差异倍数最大的下调代谢物,该成分属于花青素类物质,具有显著的抗氧化应激活性的能力,起到抗炎和神经保护功效[21],也可通过激活MAPK、STAT3和NF-κB信号通路,来诱导ROS水平升高,使胃癌细胞凋亡,进而发挥抗胃癌的能力[22]。‘LCEH’和‘909’之间有123个差异显著的代谢物,上调代谢物有90个,在这些差异代谢物中,‘LCEH’中的槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷上调差异倍数最大,该成分能够有效抑制真菌病原体(如硫色镰刀菌)的生长,通过清除活性氧(ROS)和灭活病原体分泌的细胞壁降解酶,防止对宿主细胞壁的损害,具有较强的抗菌和抗真菌活性[23];而下调代谢物有33个,其中‘909’中矢车菊素-3-O-(β-D-木糖基-(1->2)-β-D-半乳糖苷)的下调差异倍数最大;‘LCEH’和‘L133’之间有96个差异显著的代谢物,上调代谢物有41个,‘LCEH’中矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷的上调差异倍数最大,该成分是一种天然着色物质,能够通过抑制炎症信号和减少促炎细胞因子(如TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6)的释放,发挥抗炎作用[24];而下调代谢物有55个,其中‘L133’中2-羟基-2,3-二氢染料木素的下调差异倍数最大,该成分具有抗氧化、抗缺氧[25]等多种活性。
黄酮类化合物是植物体内重要的次生代谢产物,大多数是植物在应对生物胁迫或非生物胁迫下所产生的,有研究表明,寒冷胁迫下会诱导植物产生如花青素、芦丁等黄酮类化合物,这些物质会在表皮囊泡中积累,阻止叶片表面冻结,从而增强其抗寒性能[26]。‘LCEH’作为晚熟抗寒品种,其黄酮醇类含量显著高于其他品种,可通过清除超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,减少低温对细胞膜的损伤[27],这与其抗寒性强的表型一致。由于辽东地区的紫外强度高,强光胁迫会激活植物的防御机制,通过光信号传导途径诱导黄酮类化合物代谢网络的关键节点响应,编码黄酮类化合物的结构基因的表达水平和关键酶的活性均会显著提高,从而促使黄酮类化合物的积累量显著增加[28],进而提高其抗寒性,因此在不同品系下的黄酮类化合物的分布存在差异,可能与紫外线强度有关。
韦恩图描述‘L133 vs. 909’、‘LCEH vs. 909’及‘LCEH vs. L133’比较组间的差异及共有差异代谢物分布情况,在这些成对的比较组中,筛选得到的差异代谢物共186个。如图8A所示,‘L133 vs. 909’特有的差异代谢物有10个;‘LCEH vs. 909’与‘LCEH vs. L133’特有的差异代谢物有17个;‘L133 vs. 909’与‘LCEH vs. 909的共有差异代谢物有88个;‘L133 vs. 909’与‘LCEH vs. L133’的共有差异代谢物有61个;‘LCEH vs. 909’与‘LCEH vs. L133’的共有差异代谢物有43个;在三比较组间共有25个差异代谢物(表1),这25种物质被认为是影响品种间黄酮类化合物差异的关键代谢物,主要包括10个黄酮醇类(占比40%)、6个黄酮类、4个花青素类,橙酮类、二氢黄酮类、二氢黄酮醇类、其他类黄酮、异黄酮均含有1个(图8B)。通过对这25个关键代谢物进行聚类热图分析发现(图8C),黄酮醇类和花青素类的核心差异物在‘909’中特征性表达,棉黄素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮万寿菊素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-(2''-没食子酰)鼠李糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-(β-D-木糖基-(1->2)-β-D-半乳糖苷)和矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷在‘909’中相对含量最高。槲皮素衍生物具有抗炎、抗菌等活性作用[29]。矢车菊素主要存在于黑米、黑豆、紫薯和蓝莓等植物中,是自然界存在的最普遍的、比较稳定且易于获得的一种花青素,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗肥胖、增强血液循环等作用[30]。研究表明,矢车菊素-3-O-糖苷是通过抗氧化、激活Ⅱ相解毒酶、抗细胞增殖、抗炎效应、抗血管生成、诱导细胞分化等机制来发挥作用起到抗癌效应[31]。进一步说明这些物质可能是促进‘909’外表皮呈红色及具有一定的生物学活性的原因,因此以花青素类为核心抗氧化成分的红皮品种‘909’,在开发抗衰老功能性食品或天然食品着色剂的相关产品时应该被重点关注。黄酮类核心差异物如木犀草素-7-O-新橘皮糖苷(忍冬苷)、木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-O-(6''-芥子酰)葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-3'-O-葡萄糖苷等在‘L133’中特征性表达。木犀草素及其衍生物广泛存在于水果和蔬菜中,具有抗氧抗炎、抗癌、抗过敏等多种生物学活性,且抗炎活性尤为突出[32]。在‘LCEH’中,差异代谢物相对含量较高的是槲皮素-5,4'-二-O-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-O-(6-咖啡酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷)以及苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖二酸苷。其中槲皮素衍生物具抗菌特性,适用于农产品保鲜领域,可以进行天然抗菌涂膜剂的配方研究[33]。飞燕草素是一种重要的花青素类物质,在植物的生长发育阶段发挥重大作用,具有免疫调节、抗衰老等作用[34],其在体外可显著抑制Th17细胞分泌IL-17,缓解实验性结肠炎小鼠的肠道炎症[35]。苜蓿素-7-O-葡萄糖二酸苷的活性研究尚未报道,但苜蓿素作为天然的黄酮类化合物,其本身具有降脂、抗炎、抗氧化等多重特性,因此作为其衍生物可能在抗氧化、抗炎等方面有一定的功效,在后期开发时可以更多关注LCEH在免疫调节方面、天然抗菌涂膜剂等产品开发的相关应用[36−37]。
综上,3个品种软枣猕猴桃果实的核心差异物质集中于黄酮醇类、花青素类及黄酮类,且黄酮类化合物的成分分布存在显著的品种差异,表明其在不同品种间的分布并非均匀一致,同时会随果实成熟进程呈现规律性的增减变化。进一步分析,这些物质的代谢网络可能共享苯丙氨酸代谢上游通路,如‘909’中矢车菊素-3-O-桑布双糖苷的高积累,可能通过竞争性消耗苯丙氨酸和4-香豆酸前体,导致黄酮醇类(如山柰酚衍生物)合成量相对减少[38]。这种代谢网络的协同调控,使得不同品种软枣猕猴桃在果实色泽、抗氧化活性等关键性状上呈现显著差异。可见软枣猕猴桃的果实色泽、抗氧化活性及抗菌活性与其体内黄酮类化合物的种类及含量直接相关,且该结论与林亲录等[39]的研究结果高度一致。精准识别不同品种下软枣猕猴桃黄酮类物质的核心差异代谢物,不仅有利于理解不同品种下的生理功能分化,更能为其营养价值与药用价值的系统研究、精准开发及优良品种选育提供重要参考依据。
软枣猕猴桃品种间代谢物含量的显著差异,推测源于黄酮类化合物合成通路的调控分化。本研究利用KEGG数据库和MetMap数据库对差异代谢物所参与的代谢通路进行Pathway富集分析,诠释其生物学意义,明确了以下关键代谢路径:在‘L133 vs. 909’比较组中,差异代谢物在异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径中显著富集,共涉及12个差异代谢物。该通路以苯丙氨酸作为起始物质,经PAL、C4H、CHS等酶的催化,依次生成肉桂酸、香豆酰-COA与柚皮素;柚皮素经FLS酶(黄酮合成酶)催化下生成山柰酚,随后通过甲基转移酶、糖基转移酶的协同作用,逐步合成异鼠李素及异鼠李素-O-糖苷。其中,FLS酶催化柚皮素向山柰酚转化,是异鼠李素母核构建的关键步骤;细胞色素P450参与甲基化修饰、糖苷转移酶负责糖基化修饰,三者共同推动异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成,为其提供关键前体与结构修饰(图9D)。在‘LCEH vs. 909’比较组中,差异代谢物在类黄酮生物合成途径里呈现显著的富集态势,包含10个差异代谢物(图9B)。在‘LCEH vs. 909’比较组中,差异代谢物在类黄酮生物合成途径中呈现显著富集态势,包含10个差异代谢物(图9B)。该通路以二氢山柰酚为分支节点:一方面经F3H酶催化生成二氢槲皮素,再由PLS酶作用转化为槲皮素;另一方面可通过ANS酶等参与生成花青素,最终影响代谢物积累(图9D)。在‘LCEH vs. L133’比较组中,差异代谢物在山奈酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径中表现明显的富集特征,包括10个差异代谢物(图9C)。如图9D所示,山柰酚经甲基转移酶催化可生成甲基山柰酚,或在糖基转移酶作用下合成山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷,该途径通过甲基化、糖基化等修饰,调控山柰酚苷元类物质的合成与代谢差异。综上,不同品种软枣猕猴桃的代谢途径存在明显差异,其差异代谢物主要富集在异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径、类黄酮生物合成途径和山奈酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径中。这3个代谢通路上的差异代谢物的积累量,可能影响其相关生理活性与药用特性。
获得上述结果后,进一步对差异代谢物进行KEGG标注,结果如表2所示,各比较组核心代谢物差异及品种功能优势如下:在‘L133 vs. 909’异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径中,‘909’品种的杨梅素类代谢物含量显著高于‘L133’,具体包括杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷及杨梅素-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷。杨梅素作为典型天然活性成分,具有降血糖、抗炎、抗菌等活性[40],在治疗小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型实验中具有良好的抑制作用[41],这使得‘909’在依赖杨梅素的降血糖、抗炎功能开发中更具优势。‘L133’品种则在异鼠李素类代谢物含量上更占优,如异鼠李素-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-半乳糖苷-3'-O-鼠李糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷等。其中,异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷是一种黄酮醇类化合物,主要存在蔬菜、大米及药用植物中,具有丰富的药理活性,它可通过抑制线粒体凋亡途径保护多巴胺能神经细胞,同时调控PI3K/AKT信号通路以抑制多巴胺能神经细胞凋亡[42],使‘L133’在神经退行性疾病治疗(如帕金森病)领域展现出独特的价值。
在‘LCEH vs. 909’的类黄酮生物合成途径中,‘909’品种的香橙素、白矢车菊素、表没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素等代谢物含量高于‘LCEH’。根据文献报道,香橙素在体外可有效抑制肺腺癌细胞与卵巢癌细胞增殖,在癌症治疗领域应用广泛[43]。‘LCEH’品种中的柚皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、3,5,7-三羟基黄烷酮、柚皮素、圣草酚、柚皮素查耳酮、异杞柳苷等代谢物含量更突出,这类物质可协同参与抗癌、抗炎等生理活性调控。其中柚皮素通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路,抑制结直肠癌细胞的生长以发挥抗癌功效[44]。圣草酚作为黄酮醇类物质,能调控NF-κB通路活性,抑制炎症因子释放,同时增强抗氧化酶表达,协同提升机体抗炎与抗氧化能力[45];3,5,7-三羟基黄烷酮可调控MAPK信号通路,对肝癌细胞和乳腺癌细胞的增殖有抑制作用[46],进一步拓宽了‘LCEH’在多癌种预防产品开发中的潜力。通过比较分析发现,‘LCEH’与‘909’均富集抗癌相关代谢物,但‘LCEH’中高含量的抗癌代谢物,使其在功能性保健品开发,尤其是针对结直肠癌预防的产品中具有更高的应用潜力。
在‘LCEH vs. L133’的山柰酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径中,‘L133’品种中的山柰酚类代谢物含量显著高于‘LCEH’,包括6-甲氧基山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷、山柰酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-4'-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷-4'-O-葡萄糖苷以及香橙素等。研究表明,山奈酚作为天然酚类物质,可通过清除自由基、调节抗氧化酶表达等机制,展现显著抗氧化能力[47],这使‘L133’在抗氧化损伤相关产品开发中更具优势。‘LCEH’品种则在8-甲氧基山柰酚-7-O-鼠李糖苷、山柰酚-3,7-O-二鼠李糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷等代谢物含量上更占优势,而甲氧基化修饰可影响黄酮类化合物的脂溶性及生物利用度[48]。值得注意的是,香橙素不仅参与类黄酮生物合成途径,也是三个品种间共有的差异物质,因此可作为区分这3种软枣猕猴桃的潜在标志性化合物。该代谢通路的显著差异,进一步反映出不同品种软枣猕猴桃在糖苷化与甲基化修饰调控机制上的复杂性,且这种复杂性可能与果实品种特性及药理活性直接相关,为理解不同品种黄酮类化合物差异的代谢通路动态变化与调控机制的复杂性提供了依据。
本研究通过广靶代谢组学技术,深入分析了我国辽宁地区主要栽培的‘LCEH’‘909’及‘L133’三种软枣猕猴桃果实中黄酮类化合物组成特征及差异性。研究共检测到11类286个黄酮类化合物,借助主成分分析和层次聚类分析,清晰地揭示出不同品种间存在显著的差异特性,各组样品在得分图中呈现明显分离态势,为品种间代谢差异提供了直观依据。进一步分析表明,从286个黄酮类化合物中筛选出186个差异代谢物,占总检测到代谢物的65.03%;且三个品种软枣猕猴桃因遗传背景差异,展现出各具特色的黄酮类化合物代谢特征,其中前20个显著差异代谢物可作为区分这三个品种的关键标志物。此外,通过韦恩图分析,在三种软枣猕猴桃果实中共同筛选出25个核心差异代谢物,这些物质直接赋予不同品种软枣猕猴桃独特的品质属性与药用价值。
通过对这些差异代谢物的通路富集分析,发现这些差异代谢物主要集中在异鼠李素-O-糖苷生物合成途径、类黄酮生物合成途径和山奈酚苷元的生物合成Ⅱ途径中。该发现为进一步研究代谢物的生物功能及其在植物生理过程中的作用提供了参考。值得关注的是,黄酮类化合物对软枣猕猴桃两大核心价值具有直接影响:一方面,花色苷类黄酮物质直接调控果实颜色表型差异,为品种外观品质的区分提供了明确的代谢层面依据;另一方面,黄酮醇类、花青素类等物质通过发挥抗氧化、抗炎活性,以及调控癌细胞凋亡等机制,赋予果实抗癌辅助、血糖调节、神经细胞防护等多元营养价值。
综上,本研究从代谢本质层面揭示了软枣猕猴桃不同品种的差异机制,既为其黄酮类化合物的精准利用、功能性产品开发筑牢科学基础,也为果实品质与代谢机制的协同研究拓展了新思路。后续可结合体内实验,进一步验证精准靶向代谢物的活性差异,为天然药物开发及相关疾病治疗提供更多理论支撑与实践依据。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060136
  • 接收时间:2025-06-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12
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    1沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院,辽宁沈阳 110866
    2沈阳科技学院化工与制药学院,辽宁沈阳 110000

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杨玉红(1973−)(ORCID:0000−0002−6742−0777),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物活性物质,E-mail:。
王虹玲(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0002−4077−2545),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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