Article(id=1320166076332225315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681720096, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681720096, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681720096, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681720096, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=380, endPage=389, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166078114804516, articleId=1320166076332225315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Synergistic Effects of Nitric Oxide Combined with Clove Essential Oil Atomized Fumigation Treatment on the Postharvest Storage Quality of Peach, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of nitric oxide combined with clove essential oil on the postharvest storage quality of peach fruit. The harvested peaches were treated with the sodium nitroprusside and clove essential oil using atomized fumigation. The firmness, ethylene release rate, decay index, titratable acid content, soluble solid content, cell wall polysaccharide contents, cell wall degradation enzymes activity, defense-related enzymes activity, tissue structure and cell wall ultrastructure were analyzed in peaches during the storage period at 0 ℃. The results indicated that the combined atomized fumigation treatment had a better preservation effect on peaches, in comparison with the nitric oxide or clove essential oil alone. The decay index of peach fruit treated with the combined treatment was only 9.25% during the 35 d of storage. The ethylene release rate of combined treatment was reduced by 34.88% while the firmness, titratable acid, and soluble solid contents of peaches fruit was increased by 22.01%, 31.68% and 5.90%, respectively, when compared to the untreated fruit on day 35. Furthermore, the combined treatment inhibited the activities of polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase, cellulase and β-galactosidase activities. The water-soluble pectin content of combined treatment was reduced by 21.88% compared to the control group. The contents of chelate soluble pectin, sodium carbonate-soluble pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose components increased by 23.40%, 21.31%, 36.62% and 39.89% respectively, thereby maintaining the integrity of the cell wall structure and delaying the fruit softening. We found that combined treatment enhanced the defense enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase activities. Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase activity of combined treatment was 15.71% higher than that of the treatment with nitric oxide alone and 20.98% higher than that of the treatment with clove essential oil alone, enhancing the disease resistance of the fruit. Therefore, the nitric oxide combined with clove essential oil through atomized fumigation can effectively maintain the quality of peaches during low-temperature storage, providing a theoretical basis for the development of quality control technologies for postharvest peaches.

, authors=Chen LIU1, Xiaoyu JIA2, Yanfang PAN3, Yibin ZHANG1, Zhiqiang FU4, Zhaojun BAN5, Zhiyong ZHAO6, Yanli ZHENG2, *, authorsList=Chen LIU, Xiaoyu JIA, Yanfang PAN, Yibin ZHANG, Zhiqiang FU, Zhaojun BAN, Zhiyong ZHAO, Yanli ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanli ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166079930938165, articleId=1320166076332225315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸处理对蟠桃采后贮藏品质的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究一氧化氮协同丁香精油对蟠桃采后贮藏品质的影响,利用硝普钠与丁香精油对蟠桃进行雾化熏蒸处理,考察蟠桃在0 ℃贮藏期间硬度、乙烯释放速率、腐烂指数、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、细胞壁多糖含量、细胞壁降解酶活性、防御酶活性和组织结构及细胞壁超微结构的变化。结果表明,一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸与单独处理相比,蟠桃的保鲜效果更佳,贮藏第35 d时,腐烂指数仅为9.25%,乙烯释放速率较对照组降低34.88%,硬度、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量分别提高22.01%、31.68%和5.90%;联合处理还抑制了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲基酯酶、纤维素酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性,水溶性果胶含量较对照组降低21.88%,螯合型可溶性果胶、碳酸钠可溶性果胶、半纤维素和纤维素组分含量分别提高23.40%、21.31%、36.62%和39.89%,维持细胞壁结构的完整性,延缓果实的软化;联合处理提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶和4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶防御酶活性,而其肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性比一氧化氮和丁香精油单独处理分别提高15.71%和20.98%,增强果实的抗病性。因此,一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸处理能够有效维持蟠桃低温贮藏期间的品质,为桃采后品质调控技术的开发提供理论依据。

, authors=刘晨1, 贾晓昱2, 潘艳芳3, 张轶斌1, 付志强4, 班兆军5, 赵志永6, 郑艳丽2, *, authorsList=刘晨, 贾晓昱, 潘艳芳, 张轶斌, 付志强, 班兆军, 赵志永, 郑艳丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑艳丽, authorNote=

刘晨(1988−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:食品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑艳丽(1987−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:农产品物流保鲜,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gYcSUAX7nHTE5AGQpkz3hw==, magXml=CW3mmVGNfKsKkY56WQOavw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=8DoiiHEPVu6hyAdnhxn4Mw==, pdfFileSize=12989338, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cyeKZJDws8M5GNZWFPQAog==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=PFVLJHToKKm/0KwakJ60Dg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320166082669818697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166076332225315, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=278492469@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320166082736927563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166076332225315, authorId=1320166082669818697, language=EN, stringName=Chen LIU, firstName=Chen, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, Tianjin 300451, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320166082841785164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166076332225315, authorId=1320166082669818697, language=CN, stringName=刘晨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1天津现代职业技术学院生物工程学院,天津 300451, bio={"content":"

刘晨(1988−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:食品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

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ArticleFig(id=1320166087128363900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166076332225315, language=CN, label=图1, caption=雾化熏蒸处理对蟠桃贮藏期间外观质量、硬度和腐烂指数的影响

注:不同小写字母表示同一贮藏时间不同组之间差异(P<0.05);图2~图6同。

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注:红色表示负相关,蓝色表示正相关。

, figureFileSmall=J53NinH148abpVbOp4RxlA==, figureFileBig=IKSgsfGy1kaP0eawAnLWvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166088529261449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166076332225315, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of the atomized fumigation treatment on the tissue structure and cell wall ultrastructure of peaches during storage, figureFileSmall=tytwiFL2pYZ8RpwBOvmH0g==, figureFileBig=PyBtiIC06mo04trXZbAQcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166088671867786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166076332225315, language=CN, label=图8, caption=熏蒸处理对蟠桃果实组织结构和细胞壁超微结构的影响

注:ICS为细胞间隙;PM为质膜;CW为细胞壁;ML为中间薄片。

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一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸处理对蟠桃采后贮藏品质的影响
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刘晨 1 , 贾晓昱 2 , 潘艳芳 3 , 张轶斌 1 , 付志强 4 , 班兆军 5 , 赵志永 6 , 郑艳丽 2, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(14): 380-389
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (14) : 380 -389
一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸处理对蟠桃采后贮藏品质的影响
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刘晨1 , 贾晓昱2, 潘艳芳3, 张轶斌1, 付志强4, 班兆军5, 赵志永6, 郑艳丽2, *
作者信息
  • 1天津现代职业技术学院生物工程学院,天津 300451
  • 2天津市农业科学院农产品保鲜与加工技术研究所(国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津),农业农村部农产品贮藏保鲜重点实验室,天津市农产品采后生理与贮藏保鲜重点实验室,天津 300384
  • 3中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,北京 100193
  • 4天津科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,天津 300457
  • 5浙江科技大学生物与化学工程学院,浙江杭州 310023
  • 6喀什神恋有机食品有限责任公司,新疆喀什 844800
通讯作者:
郑艳丽(1987−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:农产品物流保鲜,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘晨(1988−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:食品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

Synergistic Effects of Nitric Oxide Combined with Clove Essential Oil Atomized Fumigation Treatment on the Postharvest Storage Quality of Peach
Chen LIU1 , Xiaoyu JIA2, Yanfang PAN3, Yibin ZHANG1, Zhiqiang FU4, Zhaojun BAN5, Zhiyong ZHAO6, Yanli ZHENG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, Tianjin 300451, China
  • 2Institute of Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Technology (National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agriculture Product), Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Tianjin 300384, China
  • 3Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
  • 4School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • 5School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
  • 6Kashi Shenlian Organic Food Co., Ltd., Kashgar 844800, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070016
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为了研究一氧化氮协同丁香精油对蟠桃采后贮藏品质的影响,利用硝普钠与丁香精油对蟠桃进行雾化熏蒸处理,考察蟠桃在0 ℃贮藏期间硬度、乙烯释放速率、腐烂指数、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、细胞壁多糖含量、细胞壁降解酶活性、防御酶活性和组织结构及细胞壁超微结构的变化。结果表明,一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸与单独处理相比,蟠桃的保鲜效果更佳,贮藏第35 d时,腐烂指数仅为9.25%,乙烯释放速率较对照组降低34.88%,硬度、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量分别提高22.01%、31.68%和5.90%;联合处理还抑制了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲基酯酶、纤维素酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性,水溶性果胶含量较对照组降低21.88%,螯合型可溶性果胶、碳酸钠可溶性果胶、半纤维素和纤维素组分含量分别提高23.40%、21.31%、36.62%和39.89%,维持细胞壁结构的完整性,延缓果实的软化;联合处理提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶和4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶防御酶活性,而其肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性比一氧化氮和丁香精油单独处理分别提高15.71%和20.98%,增强果实的抗病性。因此,一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸处理能够有效维持蟠桃低温贮藏期间的品质,为桃采后品质调控技术的开发提供理论依据。

桃  /  一氧化氮  /  丁香精油  /  雾化熏蒸  /  贮藏品质

The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of nitric oxide combined with clove essential oil on the postharvest storage quality of peach fruit. The harvested peaches were treated with the sodium nitroprusside and clove essential oil using atomized fumigation. The firmness, ethylene release rate, decay index, titratable acid content, soluble solid content, cell wall polysaccharide contents, cell wall degradation enzymes activity, defense-related enzymes activity, tissue structure and cell wall ultrastructure were analyzed in peaches during the storage period at 0 ℃. The results indicated that the combined atomized fumigation treatment had a better preservation effect on peaches, in comparison with the nitric oxide or clove essential oil alone. The decay index of peach fruit treated with the combined treatment was only 9.25% during the 35 d of storage. The ethylene release rate of combined treatment was reduced by 34.88% while the firmness, titratable acid, and soluble solid contents of peaches fruit was increased by 22.01%, 31.68% and 5.90%, respectively, when compared to the untreated fruit on day 35. Furthermore, the combined treatment inhibited the activities of polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase, cellulase and β-galactosidase activities. The water-soluble pectin content of combined treatment was reduced by 21.88% compared to the control group. The contents of chelate soluble pectin, sodium carbonate-soluble pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose components increased by 23.40%, 21.31%, 36.62% and 39.89% respectively, thereby maintaining the integrity of the cell wall structure and delaying the fruit softening. We found that combined treatment enhanced the defense enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase activities. Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase activity of combined treatment was 15.71% higher than that of the treatment with nitric oxide alone and 20.98% higher than that of the treatment with clove essential oil alone, enhancing the disease resistance of the fruit. Therefore, the nitric oxide combined with clove essential oil through atomized fumigation can effectively maintain the quality of peaches during low-temperature storage, providing a theoretical basis for the development of quality control technologies for postharvest peaches.

peach  /  nitric oxide  /  clove essential oil  /  atomized fumigation  /  storage quality
刘晨, 贾晓昱, 潘艳芳, 张轶斌, 付志强, 班兆军, 赵志永, 郑艳丽. 一氧化氮结合丁香精油雾化熏蒸处理对蟠桃采后贮藏品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 380 -389 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070016
Chen LIU, Xiaoyu JIA, Yanfang PAN, Yibin ZHANG, Zhiqiang FU, Zhaojun BAN, Zhiyong ZHAO, Yanli ZHENG. Synergistic Effects of Nitric Oxide Combined with Clove Essential Oil Atomized Fumigation Treatment on the Postharvest Storage Quality of Peach[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 380 -389 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070016
桃因其肉质鲜美、口感香甜和富含生物活性物质(如有机酸、维生素和粗纤维)而受到消费者的喜爱。但桃属于呼吸跃变型果实,采后会释放大量乙烯,加速成熟、软化和衰老,又因其果皮薄,果肉多汁,易受机械损伤,在零售、运输和贮藏阶段容易被病原菌感染导致腐烂,大大降低了桃的商品价值[1]。软化是影响溶质型桃采后品质的关键因素。果实在成熟过程中的软化是一个复杂过程,归因于细胞壁多糖结构的多次修饰,而多糖的大部分分解或修饰是由于一系列细胞壁修饰酶的作用[2]。研究表明,桃果实中外切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(exoPG,EC 3.2.1.67)、内切多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(endoPG,EC 3.2.1.15)、果胶甲酯酶(PME,EC 3.1.1.11)、内切-1,4-β-甘露聚糖酶(endo-1,4-β-mannosidase,EC 3.2.1.78)、α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶(ARF,EC 3.2.1.55)和β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal,EC 3.2.1.23)在软化过程中起到关键作用,参与了细胞壁分解过程[3]。
桃的贮藏保鲜一直是国内外的一项难题。目前,桃保鲜的调控方法有低温冷藏、气调保鲜、短波紫外线(UV-C)、热处理、冷激处理、钙处理和1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理等,而单独处理技术会加剧桃果实贮藏期间的生理失调[4−5]。因此,开发有效的桃采后贮藏保鲜技术成为当前亟待解决的关键问题。一氧化氮(NO)是近年来颇受关注的生物活性信号分子,在植物的生物和非生物胁迫中起着关键作用。NO与多种植物激素之间的相互作用有效地延缓了水果的采后衰老[6]。采后番石榴经1.0 mmol·L−1 NO供体硝普钠浸泡处理后,会延迟其成熟过程[7]。20 μL·L−1 NO能够延缓冬枣的软化,提高果实采后的贮藏品质[8]。除此之外,越来越多的人关注于用精油代替合成化学杀菌剂来减少园艺产品采后病害并提高其贮藏品质。丁香精油(CEO)对病原菌具有广谱抑制活性,其抑菌机理是主要化学成分中分别位于间位和邻位的羟基官能团可以与微生物的细胞质膜相互作用,最终导致细胞死亡[9]。研究发现,CEO对意大利青霉、指状青霉和柑橘链格孢菌具有较强的抗真菌活性,减少柑橘果实采后腐烂[10]。新疆兵团蟠桃种植历史悠久,有“中国蟠桃之乡”美誉,但蟠桃为典型的溶质型桃,采后极易软化腐烂,货架期短,物流损耗>30%,因此,应用NO和丁香精油联合雾化熏蒸,对于解决蟠桃贮藏和流通过程中的软化和腐烂问题,具有重要的意义。本研究以新疆蟠桃为试验材料,研究NO供体硝普钠协同CEO雾化熏蒸处理对冷藏蟠桃采后贮藏品质,包括硬度、腐烂指数、乙烯释放速率,可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、果胶、半纤维素和纤维素含量,细胞壁降解酶和防御酶活性,以及细胞壁超微结构的影响,为桃采后贮藏保鲜技术的开发提供了理论依据。
蟠桃品种为‘英格尔’ 2024年7月采摘于新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市,挑选8成熟、外观、大小一致,无病虫害和机械损伤的果实在当地冷库(4 ℃)进行预冷24 h;硝普钠(纯度:99%,作为产生NO的供体) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;丁香精油(浓度:50 g·mL−1) 上海回恩国际贸易有限公司。
SC250-M040超声波雾化器 佛山市顺德区巨科电器有限公司;GY-4硬度计 浙江托普仪器有限公司;PAL-1手持式糖度计 日本爱拓公司;5804R冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;V-5800紫外可见分光光度计 上海元析仪器有限公司;HT7700透射电子显微镜 日本日立公司;NIKON ECLIPSE E100正置光学显微镜 日本尼康公司;GC-2014气相色谱仪 日本岛津公司。
蟠桃采收后,4 ℃预冷开始即进行雾化熏蒸处理,蟠桃随机分为4组,基于前期实验结果,采用2.0 mmol·L−1硝普钠(NO)雾化10 min和20 μL·L−1丁香精油(CEO)熏蒸处理的桃分别保持较高的硬度、较低的腐烂指数和冷害指数,外观保鲜效果较好。因此,本研究采用这两种物质的浓度对蟠桃进行雾化熏蒸处理。第一组:蒸馏水作为对照组(CK);第二组:果实使用2.0 mmol·L−1硝普钠进行雾化10 min(NO);第三组:果实使用20 μL·L−1丁香精油进行密闭熏蒸(CEO);第四组:对果实进行2.0 mmol·L−1硝普钠雾化10 min结合20 μL·L−1丁香精油熏蒸12 h处理(NO+CEO),继续0 ℃预冷至24 h。将处理和预冷后的蟠桃放在聚乙烯袋中,在0±0.5 ℃、相对湿度为90%~95%条件下贮藏35 d[8]。每个处理进行3次重复,每隔7 d对蟠桃进行贮藏品质分析及观察蟠桃组织结构的变化。每个生理指标重复测定三次。
每次随机取5个蟠桃,使用GY-4硬度计直径3.5 mm的探针,从水果赤道周围的3个位置以120°的间隔插入到去皮的蟠桃果实中进行测定(kg·cm−2)。
腐烂等级按腐烂面积占果实表面积的百分比划分:0级,无腐烂;1级(0~25%];2级(25%~50%];3级(50%~75%];4级(75%~100%]。腐烂指数计算公式如下:
$ {腐烂指数(\text{%})}=\frac{\sum{(腐烂级别\times 该级别果实数量)}}{{腐烂最高级别\times 总果实数量}}\times 100 $
参考王美红等[11]的方法,将平衡至室温的蟠桃样品放在密封罐中密闭2 h,抽取1 mL气样进到GC-2014气相色谱仪。色谱条件:载气N2流量25 mL·min−1,空气流量400 mL·min−1,H2流量60 mL·min−1;FID温度200 ℃,柱箱温度120 ℃。
每个处理随机取5个蟠桃,混匀的果汁用于测定可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量。参考曹建康等[12]的酸碱中和滴定法测定可滴定酸含量(%)。使用PAL-1手持式糖度计测定蟠桃果汁中可溶性固形物含量(%)。
参考Ren等[13]和Wang等[14]的方法提取细胞壁物质。参考Vicente等[15]、Blumenkrantz等[16]和Lin等[17]的方法提取和测定水溶性果胶、螯合型可溶性果胶、碳酸钠可溶性果胶、半纤维素和纤维素含量,并进行修改。称取50 g蟠桃冻干粉末加入200 mL 95%乙醇(v/v)中,煮沸20 min,过滤。将残渣与90%二甲基亚砜(v/v)混合以除去淀粉,水洗后转移到乙醇:氯仿(1:2)中。过滤后,用200 mL丙酮洗涤进行脱色,残留物用蒸馏水洗涤数次,然后在40 ℃下干燥至恒重,得到细胞壁物质。取0.3 g细胞壁物质匀浆,在20 mL的超纯水中浸泡6 h,10000×g离心10 min后收集上清液,即为水溶性果胶。将不溶于水的残渣匀浆,在20 mL含有1 mol·L−1 1,2-环己二胺四乙酸的50 mmol·L−1乙酸钠缓冲液(pH6.8)中振荡6 h,合并上清液并定容至50 mL,得到螯合剂可溶性果胶。将上述残渣用40 mL含20 mmol·L−1硼氢化钠的50 mmol·L−1碳酸钠溶液提取16 h,于24 ℃下搅拌6 h,合并上清液并定容至50 mL,得到碳酸钠可溶性果胶。残渣用35 mL含有100 mmol·L−1 硼氢化钠的4 mmol·L−1 氢氧化钠溶液振荡4 h,过滤后定容至50 mL,得到半纤维素。最后用蒸馏水洗涤上述残渣至中性,干燥至恒重,得到纤维素。以半乳糖醛酸为标准品,在530 nm处测定吸光度值,计算水溶性果胶、螯合型可溶性果胶和碳酸钠可溶性果胶含量(g·kg−1)。采用蒽酮比色法在620 nm处测定吸光度值,计算半纤维素和纤维素的含量(g·kg−1)。
参考Fan等[18]的方法制备酶提取液,并进行了修改。称取5 g蟠桃果肉,置于经预冷的研钵中,在含有1 mol·L−1 NaCl和10 g·L−1聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的40 mmol·L−1醋酸钠缓冲液(pH5.5)中研磨。匀浆在10000×g、4 ℃下离心20 min,收集上清液用于测定多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性。多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性测定:参考Zhao等[8]的方法测定,以D-半乳糖醛酸为标准品,在540 nm处测定吸光度值,计算多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性(U·kg−1 protein)。果胶甲基酯酶活性测定:参考Zhao等[8]的方法测定,在620 nm处测定连续吸光度值,计算果胶甲基酯酶活性(U·kg−1 protein)。纤维素酶活性测定:参考曹建康等[12]的方法测定(U·kg−1 protein)。β-半乳糖苷酶活性:参考Zhao等[8]的方法测定,以对硝基酚为标准品,在400 nm处测定吸光度值,计算β-半乳糖苷酶活性(U·kg−1 protein)。
参考曹建康等[12]和Zhang等[19]的方法分别在290 nm和333 nm处测定吸光度值,计算苯丙氨酸解氨酶和4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶活性(U·mg−1 protein)。肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性采用试剂盒来测定,在340 nm测定吸光度值(U·mg−1 protein)。
采用正置光学显微镜分析蟠桃组织的细胞结构[20]。将蟠桃果肉组织切成2 mm×2 mm的薄片,在福尔马林-乙酸-酒精溶液中固定。将石蜡切片脱蜡至水,用番红固绿染色,中性树胶封片,显微镜下观察。通过透射电子显微镜观察蟠桃果肉细胞壁超微结构[21]。取适当部位的果肉组织(约1 mm3)放入2.5%(v/v)戊二醛的PBS缓冲液(pH7.4)中,在4 ℃下固定2 h。然后用0.1 mol·L−1含有1%锇酸的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7.4)进行后固定7 h,用磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤15 min。样品用梯度乙醇溶液(30%、50%、70%、80%、95%和100%乙醇,v/v)和100%丙酮脱水1 h。样品用丙酮:812包埋剂和纯包埋剂处理后,聚合48 h,然后用超微切片机切割成约70 nm的超薄切片,分别用2%醋酸铀饱和酒精溶液和2.6%枸橼酸铅溶液进行染色。样品在HT7700型透射电子显微镜下观察,进行分析。
利用SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析(Duncan多重比较法分析差异显著性),使用Origin 2021进行折线图和相关性图绘制,采用Pearson相关分析评价蟠桃各个指标之间显著性关系。数据结果以“平均值±标准差”表示,P˂0.05表示差异显著。
果实的可接受性与成熟和衰老过程中的软化和外观质量密切相关[22]。如图1A所示,贮藏21 d时,对照组果实腐烂严重,到35 d时情况更严重。然而,在整个贮藏期内,NO+CEO处理的蟠桃外观质量优于对照组、NO和CEO处理组。NO和CEO处理之间无明显差异。
果实质地是决定果实品质的重要因素。果皮硬度是衡量桃果实的收获成熟度的重要指标,直接影响桃果实的抗机械损伤和采后的储存性能[23]。随着贮藏时间的延长,所有处理组果肉硬度呈下降趋势(图1B)。贮藏7~35 d时,NO和NO+CEO处理组蟠桃果肉硬度显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。贮藏21 d和35 d时,NO+CEO组的硬度分别比对照组高24.95%和22.01%。贮藏28 d时,NO+CEO组的硬度分别比对照组、NO和CEO处理组高19.64%、6.99%和12.84%。
如图1C所示,贮藏7 d时,对照组蟠桃果实开始发生腐烂,其他三个处理组的果实未发现腐烂。贮藏35 d时,对照组的腐烂指数为24.72%,而NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理组的腐烂指数为15.26%、12.01%、9.25%。因此,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理与对照组、NO和CEO单独处理相比,显著减轻了蟠桃贮藏期间果实的腐烂(P<0.05)。
乙烯是一种调节果实各阶段成熟过程的植物激素,在促进果实软化中起着关键作用,也可导致桃贮藏过程中的生理紊乱[24]。在低温贮藏过程中,四组蟠桃的乙烯释放速率呈现先升高后下降的趋势(图2)。贮藏14 d时,与对照组相比,NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理组的蟠桃乙烯释放速率分别降低33.47%、20.76%和46.61%,而35 d时的乙烯释放速率分别降低39.88%、14.34%和34.88%。贮藏14 d和21 d时,NO+CEO处理组的果实乙烯释放速率显著低于NO和CEO处理组(P<0.05),说明NO能够抑制乙烯的释放,与CEO联合处理后仍能保持抑制效果。
可滴定酸和可溶性固形物是反映桃果实成熟度、风味、口感的关键指标[25]。如图3A所示,与对照、NO和CEO组相比,NO+CEO处理组的蟠桃保持较高的可滴定酸含量,贮藏28 d时差异显著(P<0.05)。贮藏35 d时,NO+CEO处理组的蟠桃的可滴定酸含量比对照、NO和CEO组分别高31.68%、9.92%和19.82%。除了第35 d,NO和CEO处理组之间的含量无显著差异。
如图3B所示,随着贮藏时间的延长,各组可溶性固形物含量呈现先上升后下降趋势。与对照组相比,NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理组显著提高了贮藏末期可溶性固形物含量(P<0.05)。NO和CEO处理组之间的含量无显著差异。贮藏35 d时,NO+CEO处理组的可溶性固形物含量显著高于NO、CEO(P<0.05),较对照组提高5.90%。结果表明,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理能够保持蟠桃果实较高的可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量。
细胞壁多糖组分的变化决定了果实的刚性和聚集性[14]。在贮藏过程中,对照组、NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理的蟠桃果实细胞壁物质含量明显下降(图4A)。对于果胶组分,在整个贮藏期间,螯合型可溶性果胶和碳酸钠可溶性果胶含量明显降低,而水溶性果胶含量逐渐增加。如图4B所示,对照组果实的水溶性果胶含量在贮藏35 d时增加到最高水平(0.96±0.04 g·kg−1),分别比NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理的显著高31.51%、14.29%和21.88%(P<0.05)。贮藏14~35 d,NO和NO+CEO处理的水溶性果胶含量显著低于CEO组(P<0.05)。如图4C、图4D所示,NO+CEO处理的果实螯合型可溶性果胶和碳酸钠可溶性果胶含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),贮藏35 d时,分别提高23.40%和21.31%。贮藏21~35 d时,NO和NO+CEO处理的两种可溶性果胶含量显著高于CEO组(P<0.05)。而NO和NO+CEO处理组对果胶组分含量的变化几乎无显著影响。
如图4E所示,在贮藏期间,对照和处理组蟠桃果实中半纤维素含量呈现下降趋势。贮藏21 d和35 d时,NO+CEO和NO处理的半纤维素含量显著高于对照和CEO组(P<0.05)。贮藏28 d时,NO+CEO处理组的半纤维素含量比NO、CEO和对照组的分别高8.42%、13.19%和22.62%(P<0.05);贮藏35 d时,NO+CEO处理的半纤维素含量比对照组提高36.62%。
如图4F所示,整个贮藏过程中,所有处理果实的纤维素含量变化趋势与半纤维素含量的变化相似。对照组果实中纤维素含量是从3.05±0.15 g·kg−1降至1.83±0.16 g·kg−1,而NO+CEO处理的果实中纤维素含量缓慢下降,在贮藏35 d仍达到2.56±0.13 g·kg−1,较对照组升高39.89%。贮藏21 d时,NO+CEO处理的纤维素含量比对照组的显著高44.27%(P<0.05)。此外,NO+CEO和NO处理之间对半纤维素和纤维素含量的变化无显著影响。贮藏21~35 d时,NO+CEO和NO处理的纤维素含量显著高于CEO处理组。结果表明,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理能够保持蟠桃果实较高的螯合型可溶性果胶、碳酸钠可溶性果胶、半纤维素和纤维素含量,并保持较低的水溶性果胶含量。
如图5A所示,对照组果实的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性随着贮藏时间的延长而持续升高,特别是在21~28 d内呈快速升高趋势。然而,NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理显著抑制了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶的活性(P<0.05)。贮藏35 d时,与对照组相比,NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理组的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性分别降低30.70%、13.23%和34.83%。贮藏21~35 d时,NO和NO+CEO处理组的酶水平显著低于CEO组。
如图5B所示,在整个贮藏期间,蟠桃果实的果胶甲基酯酶活性呈上升趋势,并被NO或NO+CEO处理不同程度的抑制。贮藏21 d时,NO和NO+CEO处理组果实中胶甲基酯酶活性显著低于对照组和CEO(P<0.05)。贮藏35 d时,与对照组相比,NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理的果胶甲基酯酶活性分别降低26.37%、14.37%和30.38%。
如图5C所示,对照组果实的纤维素酶活性在0~14 d缓慢升高,14~28 d迅速升高,然后缓慢升高,直至贮藏结束。值得注意的是,NO和NO+CEO处理的纤维素酶活性水平始终低于对照组。贮藏35 d时,NO+CEO处理的果实纤维素酶活性比对照组的低29.36%(P<0.05)。
如图5D所示,所有处理组果实的β-半乳糖苷酶活性变化趋势与多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性的变化相似。贮藏14~35 d时,NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理组的β-半乳糖苷酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在贮藏过程中,NO与NO+CEO处理之间对β-半乳糖苷酶活性变化几乎无显著差异。结果表明,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理有效抑制了蟠桃果实贮藏过程中细胞壁降解酶的活性。
如图6A所示,在整个贮藏期间,蟠桃果实的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。贮藏7~35 d,NO+CEO处理的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。贮藏14、21、35 d时,NO+CEO处理的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。
如图6B所示,各组蟠桃果实肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性先上升,然后下降。NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理果实的肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性在贮藏7 d高于对照组,但在14 d时,对照组的肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性达到最高。NO+CEO处理的肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性在贮藏21 d达到峰值,比对照提高96.23%。此外,与单独使用NO或CEO相比,NO+CEO在21 d的肉桂酸-4-羟化酶活性分别提高15.71%和20.98%。
如图6C所示,对照组蟠桃果实的4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶活性在贮藏0~21 d期间呈上升趋势,21~35 d期间呈下降趋势。除了贮藏21 d,其余贮藏期NO、CEO和NO+CEO处理果实的4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理能够提高贮藏过程中蟠桃果实的防御酶活性。
采用Pearson相关分析评价蟠桃果实硬度与乙烯释放速率、细胞壁多糖含量和降解酶之间的潜在关系(图7)。贮藏0~35 d,蟠桃果肉硬度变化与乙烯释放速率、水溶性果胶含量、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲基酯酶、纤维素酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性升高呈显著负相关(P<0.05);硬度下降与螯合型可溶性果胶、碳酸钠可溶性果胶、半纤维素和纤维素含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理通过抑制了乙烯释放速率、细胞壁降解酶活性,保持了较高的螯合型可溶性果胶、碳酸钠可溶性果胶、半纤维素和纤维素含量,延缓了果实软化,能够有效提高蟠桃贮藏品质。
在采收当天(第0 d),蟠桃中果皮组织存在大量的薄壁细胞呈圆形或椭圆形,细胞排列紧凑,细胞壁由深色紧密排列的纤维物质组成,中间薄片(果胶)清晰可见(图8)。在贮藏35 d时,对照组和CEO处理的蟠桃中果皮薄壁细胞呈扁椭圆形,细胞间隙逐渐增大,细胞壁染色明显减少,原纤维稀疏,纤维物质被溶解,中间薄片溶解显著,出现空区域。NO处理蟠桃中果皮能观察到纤维物质和中间薄片逐渐被溶解。然而NO+CEO处理能够维持细胞壁结构的完整性,显著抑制纤维物质和中间薄片的溶解,延缓果实软化过程。
蟠桃的采收期气温较高、湿度较大,果实采后呼吸作用旺盛,极易出现失水、软化、腐烂等品质劣变问题,采后常温2~3 d果实发生软化腐烂,给贮藏和流通运输带来极大挑战。在本研究中,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶和4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶的活性,增强果实的防御能力,有效地降低腐烂指数。黄巍等[26]研究发现,CEO能够抑制黑曲霉、交链孢霉和灰霉菌的生长,并维持水蜜桃的品质。外源NO处理可以延缓果实成熟,防止冷害,增强抗病能力,提高果实营养价值[6,27]。此外,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理抑制蟠桃果实乙烯的产生,可能是因为NO抑制果实的ACC合成酶(ACS)和ACC氧化酶(ACO)活性,阻碍乙烯的生物合成[7]。因此,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理通过抑制乙烯的释放,减少果实腐烂,并维持果实的硬度、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量,从而提高蟠桃的贮藏品质。
果实软化是一个连续的原生细胞壁组成和解构的动态变化过程,而细胞壁多糖在相应的细胞壁降解酶作用下逐渐分解,会导致细胞结构破坏[28]。研究表明,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和果胶甲基酯酶能够促进果胶的降解,导致中胶层分解[29]。通过β-半乳糖苷酶催化β-1,4-半乳聚糖键消除果胶多糖链中的半乳糖残基,有助于果胶分解[17]。纤维素酶参与了半纤维素和纤维素的解聚。已有研究表明,桃果实的软化与果胶、半纤维素等细胞壁多糖的降解和增溶作用有关[30−31]。
本研究结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,桃果实中水溶性果胶含量增多,螯合型可溶性果胶、碳酸钠可溶性果胶、半纤维素和纤维素含量减少。桃果实中碳酸钠可溶性果胶含量下降会加速果胶从原生细胞壁释放,降低机械强度,导致致密薄壁松动,细胞壁变窄[14]。水溶性果胶含量的增加是由于水溶性果胶聚合物通过非离子键连接到细胞壁的薄弱环节,导致细胞间粘附力变弱[32]。半纤维素和纤维素解聚可能归因于纤维素酶活性的升高。然而,NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理抑制蟠桃果实中细胞壁多糖的降解,延缓果实软化。外源NO熏蒸处理可以抑制冬枣果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲基酯酶、β-半乳糖苷酶和纤维素酶活性来抑制细胞壁多糖的分解[8]。蟠桃细胞壁超微结构的观察结果进一步证实NO结合CEO雾化熏蒸处理能够抑制半纤维素、纤维素和果胶的溶解,维持了细胞壁结构的完整性,从而延缓果实软化。虽然本研究初步证实了一氧化氮与丁香精油联合雾化熏蒸处理对调控蟠桃采后品质劣变的作用,但是涉及到细胞壁代谢和抗病相关基因表达及二者关联调控模式仍有待进一步明确。
一氧化氮与丁香精油联合雾化熏蒸处理在维持蟠桃采后品质方面表现出协同增效作用,其保鲜效果显著优于单一处理。该联合技术主要通过抑制果实乙烯生物合成、延缓硬度下降、激活果实防御系统,从而有效降低腐烂率。联合处理能够显著抑制细胞壁降解酶(如多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶等)的活性,延缓细胞壁多糖(如纤维素、半纤维素和果胶)的水解,维持细胞壁结构完整性,进而延缓果实软化进程。研究表明,一氧化氮与丁香精油的协同使用为桃果采后保鲜提供了一种高效、绿色的技术策略,具有广阔的应用前景。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070016
  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
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    1天津现代职业技术学院生物工程学院,天津 300451
    2天津市农业科学院农产品保鲜与加工技术研究所(国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津),农业农村部农产品贮藏保鲜重点实验室,天津市农产品采后生理与贮藏保鲜重点实验室,天津 300384
    3中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,北京 100193
    4天津科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,天津 300457
    5浙江科技大学生物与化学工程学院,浙江杭州 310023
    6喀什神恋有机食品有限责任公司,新疆喀什 844800

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郑艳丽(1987−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:农产品物流保鲜,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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