Article(id=1320165957826364012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120148, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765382400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681691843, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681691843, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681691843, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681691843, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=36, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320165958048662125, articleId=1320165957826364012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activityof Dihydroquercetin/Dual-protein Complexes, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To construct an efficient and stable delivery carrier for dihydroquercetin (DHQ), DHQ/dual-protein complexes were prepared using soy protein isolate (SPI) and whey protein isolate (WPI) as matrices by adjusting the mass ratios of SPI to WPI at 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100. The physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities of the complexes were systematically investigated. The results showed that the blending ratio of SPI to WPI significantly regulated the properties of the complexes. When the mass ratio of SPI to WPI was 30:70, the particle size of the complex was 171.2 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.22, and the absolute value of Zeta potential was higher than 30 mV, forming a stable colloidal system. Meanwhile, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of DHQ reached 96.06%±1.4% and 0.96%±0.01%, respectively. Structural characterization confirmed that DHQ could bind to the dual-protein via non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to form stable complexes. With the increase of WPI proportion, the α-helix content in the complexes increased significantly, while the β-sheet content decreased significantly (P<0.05). Antioxidant assays indicated that the radical scavenging ability of all complexes were significantly superior to those of pure DHQ (P<0.05), and the radical scavenging rate of complexes with SPI proportion ≥50% was higher than 80%. In this study, DHQ/dual-protein delivery carriers were successfully constructed by regulating the mass ratio of SPI to WPI. The complex with SPI:WPI at 30:70 exhibited the optimal physicochemical properties and encapsulation performance.

, authors=Yuanyuan ZHANG1, Sixuan LIU1, Hua ZHENG2, Chenyang WANG1, Yumeng YIN1, Zhe LI1, Shuning ZHONG1, Yuhan LI1, *, authorsList=Yuanyuan ZHANG, Sixuan LIU, Hua ZHENG, Chenyang WANG, Yumeng YIN, Zhe LI, Shuning ZHONG, Yuhan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuhan LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320165961743843970, articleId=1320165957826364012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=二氢槲皮素/双蛋白复合物的制备、表征及抗氧化活性, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为构建高效、稳定的二氢槲皮素(Dihydroquercetin,DHQ)递送载体,以大豆分离蛋白(Soy isolate protein,SPI)和乳清分离蛋白(Whey isolate protein,WPI)为基质,通过调控SPI和WPI质量比为100:0、70:30、50:50、30:70、0:100制备DHQ/双蛋白复合物,系统探究其理化特性、结构特征及抗氧化活性。结果表明,SPI与WPI复配比例对复合物特性具有显著调控作用,当SPI与WPI质量比为30:70时,复合物粒径为171.2 nm,分散系数为0.22,Zeta电位绝对值>30 mV,形成了稳定胶体体系;同时DHQ的包封率和载药量分别高达96.06%±1.4%、0.96%±0.01%。结构表征证实,DHQ可通过氢键、疏水作用等非共价相互作用与双蛋白结合形成稳定复合物,随WPI占比升高,复合物中α-螺旋含量显著升高,β-折叠含量则显著降低(P<0.05)。抗氧化实验表明,各配比复合物自由基清除能力均显著优于DHQ(P<0.05),其中SPI占比≥50%的复合物自由基清除能力>80%。本研究通过调控SPI与WPI质量比,成功构建了DHQ/双蛋白递送载体,当SPI与WPI质量比为30:70时,复合物理化特性和包载效果最优。

, authors=张园园1, 刘思萱1, 郑华2, 王晨阳1, 尹雨蒙1, 李哲1, 钟姝凝1, 李玉邯1, *, authorsList=张园园, 刘思萱, 郑华, 王晨阳, 尹雨蒙, 李哲, 钟姝凝, 李玉邯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李玉邯, authorNote=

张园园(1983−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:活性蛋白与多酚互作产物功能特性及应用研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李玉邯(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
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张园园(1983−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:活性蛋白与多酚互作产物功能特性及应用研究,E-mail:

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注:同一指标不同字母表示数据之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05);图2~图4、图10同。

, figureFileSmall=ztt0A9Adm/Y70bx+IufQAw==, figureFileBig=12XmFcQoJX4ckkg8/BVNCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967343239875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Zeta-potential of the complexes formed by SPI/WPI at different mass ratios with DHQ, figureFileSmall=Tc1NAzx19Sz04Y2J5UfaHA==, figureFileBig=0NRdb95ilk+44V9D7nb7sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967431320260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SPI与WPI不同质量比和DHQ形成复合物的电位, figureFileSmall=Tc1NAzx19Sz04Y2J5UfaHA==, figureFileBig=0NRdb95ilk+44V9D7nb7sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967511012037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Turbidity of the complexes formed by SPI/WPI at different mass ratios with DHQ, figureFileSmall=+wNeztbdFmcY6ccYHPjkiw==, figureFileBig=IArYQas7W0r9J7V8lfg/8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967611675334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SPI与WPI不同质量比和DHQ形成复合物的浊度, figureFileSmall=+wNeztbdFmcY6ccYHPjkiw==, figureFileBig=IArYQas7W0r9J7V8lfg/8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967678784199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of DHQ in the complexes formed by SPI/WPI at different mass ratios with DHQ, figureFileSmall=fryULK9qbN49947lZ64A/g==, figureFileBig=CfzVyZfkKkxyWfQXdQ+6XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967741698760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SPI与WPI不同质量比和DHQ形成复合物的中DHQ的包封率和载药量, figureFileSmall=fryULK9qbN49947lZ64A/g==, figureFileBig=CfzVyZfkKkxyWfQXdQ+6XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967787836105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=FTIR spectra of the complexes formed by SPI/WPI at different mass ratios with DHQ, figureFileSmall=5OJUM/QLjWPamjtVzCYmnQ==, figureFileBig=nsvxFxweij8XQeyTCcu4YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967859139274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SPI与WPI不同质量比和DHQ形成复合物的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=5OJUM/QLjWPamjtVzCYmnQ==, figureFileBig=nsvxFxweij8XQeyTCcu4YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165967922053835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=CD spectra of the complexes formed by SPI/WPI at different mass ratios with DHQ, figureFileSmall=FHsE0bhZSoYpBACAwoo6vA==, figureFileBig=nb/vDZ2WDAbX9JFSiR+XaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968005939916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SPI与WPI不同质量比和DHQ形成复合物的圆二光谱, figureFileSmall=FHsE0bhZSoYpBACAwoo6vA==, figureFileBig=nb/vDZ2WDAbX9JFSiR+XaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968094020301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the complexes formed by SPI/WPI at different mass ratios with DHQ, figureFileSmall=7IlNxXlsqU+1eAlmuTC52A==, figureFileBig=OpaahGPsEUjHVLz5BoU1Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968152740558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SPI与WPI不同质量比和DHQ形成复合物的内源荧光光谱, figureFileSmall=7IlNxXlsqU+1eAlmuTC52A==, figureFileBig=OpaahGPsEUjHVLz5BoU1Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968228238031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=ANS fluorescence spectra of the complexes formed by SPI/WPI at different mass ratios with DHQ, figureFileSmall=Yyxoe+Q0LAqvmvKsV7E+ug==, figureFileBig=WccY4EfqeBJsDdXMw2UuRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968333095632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图8, caption=SPI与WPI不同质量比和DHQ形成复合物的ANS荧光图谱, figureFileSmall=Yyxoe+Q0LAqvmvKsV7E+ug==, figureFileBig=WccY4EfqeBJsDdXMw2UuRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968391815889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Molecular docking diagrams of DHQ with β-Lg and Gly, figureFileSmall=gamJWpjc9tlnzEDiVjn64Q==, figureFileBig=4YU3R6/iqy/LFpSNtVuppQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968446341842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图9, caption=DHQ与β-Lg、Gly的分子对接图

注:A. DHQ与β-Lg、Gly的结合模式;B. DHQ与β-Lg、Gly的三维(3D)结构;C. DHQ与β-Lg、Gly的交互作用力图;相互作用的二维视图中红色虚线代表的是静电相互作用,绿色虚线代表氢键,青色渐变代表π-π作用。

, figureFileSmall=gamJWpjc9tlnzEDiVjn64Q==, figureFileBig=4YU3R6/iqy/LFpSNtVuppQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968509256403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Chemical antioxidant activity of SPI-WPI-DHQ complexes, figureFileSmall=5+PgfujOlvcwU2ES+YcEiw==, figureFileBig=pksFnoo6s4KHRFd5BPn6yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968563782356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=CN, label=图10, caption=SPI-WPI-DHQ复合物的抗氧化活性, figureFileSmall=5+PgfujOlvcwU2ES+YcEiw==, figureFileBig=pksFnoo6s4KHRFd5BPn6yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165968618308309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165957826364012, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Secondary structure content of proteins in complexes

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样品名称α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲(%)
100:06.02±0.61d37.09±0.83a23.45±0.62b33.44±0.31a
70:306.98±0.22cd36.78±0.94a22.98±0.38b33.26±1.21a
50:507.65±0.41c35.64±0.62b23.47±0.34b33.24±0.72a
30:709.06±0.62b33.17±0.54c23.21±0.28b34.56±0.75a
0:10010.79±0.62a31.22±0.54d24.78±0.28a33.21±0.75a
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复合物中蛋白的二级结构含量

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样品名称α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲(%)
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70:306.98±0.22cd36.78±0.94a22.98±0.38b33.26±1.21a
50:507.65±0.41c35.64±0.62b23.47±0.34b33.24±0.72a
30:709.06±0.62b33.17±0.54c23.21±0.28b34.56±0.75a
0:10010.79±0.62a31.22±0.54d24.78±0.28a33.21±0.75a
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二氢槲皮素/双蛋白复合物的制备、表征及抗氧化活性
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张园园 1 , 刘思萱 1 , 郑华 2 , 王晨阳 1 , 尹雨蒙 1 , 李哲 1 , 钟姝凝 1 , 李玉邯 1, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(14): 36-43
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (14) : 36 -43
二氢槲皮素/双蛋白复合物的制备、表征及抗氧化活性
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张园园1 , 刘思萱1, 郑华2, 王晨阳1, 尹雨蒙1, 李哲1, 钟姝凝1, 李玉邯1, *
作者信息
  • 1吉林工商学院粮食工程与营养科学学院,吉林长春 130507
  • 2通化市中心医院,吉林通化 134099
通讯作者:
李玉邯(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张园园(1983−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:活性蛋白与多酚互作产物功能特性及应用研究,E-mail:

Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activityof Dihydroquercetin/Dual-protein Complexes
Yuanyuan ZHANG1 , Sixuan LIU1, Hua ZHENG2, Chenyang WANG1, Yumeng YIN1, Zhe LI1, Shuning ZHONG1, Yuhan LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Grain Engineering and Nutritional Sciences, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China
  • 2Tonghua Central Hospital, Tonghua 134099, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120148
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为构建高效、稳定的二氢槲皮素(Dihydroquercetin,DHQ)递送载体,以大豆分离蛋白(Soy isolate protein,SPI)和乳清分离蛋白(Whey isolate protein,WPI)为基质,通过调控SPI和WPI质量比为100:0、70:30、50:50、30:70、0:100制备DHQ/双蛋白复合物,系统探究其理化特性、结构特征及抗氧化活性。结果表明,SPI与WPI复配比例对复合物特性具有显著调控作用,当SPI与WPI质量比为30:70时,复合物粒径为171.2 nm,分散系数为0.22,Zeta电位绝对值>30 mV,形成了稳定胶体体系;同时DHQ的包封率和载药量分别高达96.06%±1.4%、0.96%±0.01%。结构表征证实,DHQ可通过氢键、疏水作用等非共价相互作用与双蛋白结合形成稳定复合物,随WPI占比升高,复合物中α-螺旋含量显著升高,β-折叠含量则显著降低(P<0.05)。抗氧化实验表明,各配比复合物自由基清除能力均显著优于DHQ(P<0.05),其中SPI占比≥50%的复合物自由基清除能力>80%。本研究通过调控SPI与WPI质量比,成功构建了DHQ/双蛋白递送载体,当SPI与WPI质量比为30:70时,复合物理化特性和包载效果最优。

二氢槲皮素  /  大豆分离蛋白  /  乳清分离蛋白  /  双蛋白复合物  /  递送载体  /  结构表征  /  抗氧化活性

To construct an efficient and stable delivery carrier for dihydroquercetin (DHQ), DHQ/dual-protein complexes were prepared using soy protein isolate (SPI) and whey protein isolate (WPI) as matrices by adjusting the mass ratios of SPI to WPI at 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100. The physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities of the complexes were systematically investigated. The results showed that the blending ratio of SPI to WPI significantly regulated the properties of the complexes. When the mass ratio of SPI to WPI was 30:70, the particle size of the complex was 171.2 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.22, and the absolute value of Zeta potential was higher than 30 mV, forming a stable colloidal system. Meanwhile, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of DHQ reached 96.06%±1.4% and 0.96%±0.01%, respectively. Structural characterization confirmed that DHQ could bind to the dual-protein via non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to form stable complexes. With the increase of WPI proportion, the α-helix content in the complexes increased significantly, while the β-sheet content decreased significantly (P<0.05). Antioxidant assays indicated that the radical scavenging ability of all complexes were significantly superior to those of pure DHQ (P<0.05), and the radical scavenging rate of complexes with SPI proportion ≥50% was higher than 80%. In this study, DHQ/dual-protein delivery carriers were successfully constructed by regulating the mass ratio of SPI to WPI. The complex with SPI:WPI at 30:70 exhibited the optimal physicochemical properties and encapsulation performance.

dihydroquercetin (DHQ)  /  soy protein isolate (SPI)  /  whey protein isolate (WPI)  /  dual-protein complex  /  delivery carrier  /  structural characterization  /  antioxidant activity
张园园, 刘思萱, 郑华, 王晨阳, 尹雨蒙, 李哲, 钟姝凝, 李玉邯. 二氢槲皮素/双蛋白复合物的制备、表征及抗氧化活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 36 -43 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120148
Yuanyuan ZHANG, Sixuan LIU, Hua ZHENG, Chenyang WANG, Yumeng YIN, Zhe LI, Shuning ZHONG, Yuhan LI. Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activityof Dihydroquercetin/Dual-protein Complexes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 36 -43 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120148
二氢槲皮素(Dihydroquercetin,DHQ)别名花旗松素,是一种重要的二氢黄酮醇类化合物[1]。DHQ多存在于道格拉斯冷杉树皮、落叶松及柑橘类水果等多种植物中[2],尤其在吉林省长白山寒带百年落叶松松根中含量较高,是迄今为止发现的最强纯天然抗氧化剂之一,其具有良好的抗炎、抗癌、抗病毒等功能[2−3]。根据欧盟(EU)2015/2283号法规,DHQ可作为食品添加剂用于牛奶、奶酪等相关食品[4]。2021年DHQ被国家卫生健康委员会批准为新食品原料,目前已作为健康补充剂及延长巧克力、奶粉等食品保质期的添加剂投入使用[5]。然而,DHQ水溶性差、稳定性不佳且生物利用度低,限制了其在食品工业中的应用[3,6]。因此,亟待开展DHQ递送体系的相关基础研究。
大豆分离蛋白(Soy isolate protein,SPI)和乳清分离蛋白(Whey isolate protein,WPI)由多种复杂球状结构的蛋白组成[7],兼具良好的生物相容性、乳化性与凝胶特性,二者不仅营养价值突出,还可通过非共价相互作用包埋、递送活性成分,显著提升黄酮类物质的水溶性、稳定性与生物利用度[6,8−9]。相较于单一蛋白载体,动植物双蛋白复合体系可通过分子协同组装与功能互补,进一步优化载体空间结构、提升包载能力与体系稳定性,更适配活性物质的高效递送需求[6]。同时,SPI与WPI双蛋白载体的应用契合我国“双蛋白工程”中动植物蛋白协同利用的核心导向,符合食品营养强化与产业创新的发展方向。
当前国内外对DHQ的研究多聚焦于提取纯化、活性验证及功能应用等基础研究阶段[10],而针对DHQ的食品级递送体系研究相对匮乏,尤其缺乏基于SPI/WPI双蛋白复合的高效递送载体构建、比例优化及机制解析。基于此,本研究以浓度为2%(w/v)的SPI/WPI双蛋白为递送载体,通过调控二者配比制备DHQ/双蛋白复合物,系统探究复合物的理化性质、结构特征及抗氧化活性,并结合分子对接分析DHQ与双蛋白的相互作用。本研究旨在为提升DHQ的食品适用性提供理论依据,为动植物双蛋白基活性物质递送系统的开发提供技术参考。
乳清分离蛋白(纯度≥90%,9410) 美国Hilmar公司;大豆分离蛋白(纯度≥90%,G805) 哈高科大豆食品有限责任公司;二氢槲皮素(纯度≥98%,B20539)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼、8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸、溴化钾 源叶生物科技有限公司;其他试剂均为分析纯。
UV-2550紫外可见分光光度计 PrekinElmer企业管理(上海)有限公司;MOS-500圆二色谱仪 法国Bio-Logic公司;NS-90Z纳米粒度及电位分析仪 珠海欧美克仪器有限公司;Synergy HT酶标仪 美国BioTek公司;SCIENTZ-18N冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;F-380荧光分光光度计 天津港东科技股份有限公司;IRAffinity-1S傅里变换红外光谱仪 日本株式会社岛津制作所;Sonifier-250D超声波破碎仪 美国Branson公司。
参考赵茹[11]的方法,并稍作修改。将SPI和WPI粉末以2%(w/v)的浓度分别溶解在超纯水中,室温下搅拌2 h,使蛋白充分溶解,之后在4 ℃条件下水合12 h。用氢氧化钠将SPI溶液的pH调节至12,搅拌1.5 h后,设置功率200 W、振幅30%,采用5 s开/5 s关的脉冲超声模式,总超声时间8 min,全程冰浴控温,避免样品受热变性。再使用盐酸将SPI溶液的pH调节至7。将WPI溶液的pH也调节至7后,7000 r/min离心10 min去除不溶解蛋白。将SPI和WPI按照质量比为100:0、70:30、50:50、30:70、0:100的比例混合并搅拌30 min。用无水乙醇溶解DHQ,缓慢滴加进蛋白溶液中,使体系中DHQ的最终浓度为0.02%(w/v),制得SPI-WPI-DHQ复合物。
用pH为7超纯水将所有复合物样品稀释至蛋白浓度为0.2 mg/mL。采用纳米粒度及电位分析仪测定复合物的平均粒径、Zeta电位和分散系数(Polydispersity index,PDI)。
浊度的测定参考Li等[12]方法并略作调整,所有复合物样品均用超纯水稀释2倍,设定波长为600 nm,测定样品吸光度值。
取新制备的复合物样品,于12000 r/min条件下离心10 min,去除未包封的游离DHQ和不溶性蛋白聚集体。离心后取上清液用无水乙醇稀释40倍后,再次于12000 r/min条件下离心20 min,去除蛋白沉淀,取上清液。采用已建立的标准曲线(y=0.0771x−0.0175,R2=0.9991)在289 nm波长下测定吸光度并计算DHQ含量。用不含DHQ的双蛋白复合物为空白对照,按以上同样方法处理,扣除SPI与WPI在289 nm波长下的吸光度干扰。纳米复合物中DHQ的包封率(Encapsulation efficiency,EE)和载药量(Loading capacity,LC)按以下公式计算:
$ \text{EE(\%)}=\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{system}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{total}}}\times 100 $
$ \text{LC(\%)}=\frac{{\text{W}}_{\text{system}}}{{\text{W}}_{\text{total}}}\times 100 $
式中:Ctotal表示体系中DHQ的总浓度,μg/mL;Csystem表示体系中去除游离DHQ后剩余DHQ的浓度,μg/mL;Wsystem表示体系中去除游离DHQ后剩余DHQ的质量,g;Wtotal表示体系中SPI和WPI的总质量,g。
将冻干复合物与KBr以1:100的质量比研磨成粉末,然后压制成13 mm薄片。以4 cm−1的分辨率在400~4000 cm −1范围内收集FT-IR光谱数据,并使用Origin 25软件标记峰值位置。
稀释复合物样品蛋白浓度为0.2 mg/mL,设置扫描范围为190~260 nm,扫描速度为200 nm/min,光程为0.1 cm,记录各样品的圆二色光谱图(Circular dichroism spectroscopy,CD),使用CD Pro软件对蛋白质二级结构的组成成分及相对含量进行拟合。
稀释复合物样品蛋白浓度为0.2 mg/mL,然后用荧光分光光度计测量样品的稳态内源荧光光谱。设置激发波长为280 nm,发射光谱测定范围为290~450 nm,狭缝宽度为5 nm。采用ANS荧光探针评估样品的表面疏水性。将所有复合物中蛋白质浓度稀释到0.4 mg/mL后,取4 mL样品加入20 μL浓度为8 mmol/L的ANS,避光孵育15 min后,分析样品的发射光谱,设置激发波长为390 nm,发射波长范围为400~600 nm。
根据WPI与SPI的主要成分[13−14],选用β-Lg、Gly代表WPI和SPI做分子对接。对接方法参考Duan等[15]和Zhang等[16]的研究,并稍作修改。β-Lg、Gly蛋白晶体结构采用HDOCK对接获得(http://hdock.phys.hust.edu.cn/),经Pymol 2.1去除无关小分子后,再用AutoDock Tools-1.5.6删除水分子、添加氢原子并定义原子类型;小分子配体DHQ分子结构来自于PubChem数据库,经Chem3D通过加氢、结构优化、能量最小化处理。以DHQ为配体,β-Lg与Gly为受体,设定Grid Box中心坐标(x=31.534,y=14.785,z=17.439)及长宽高126×126×126,采用AutoDock软件的Lamarckian遗传算法(参数:群体规模150、能量评估最大值2500万次、最大迭代次数2000、交叉率0.8、突变率0.02、独立运行200次)进行分子对接,依据结合自由能筛选最优结构,通过Pymol 2.1软件可视化配体-受体结合作用。
复合物抗氧化活性的测定参照文献[17]的方法,对部分操作细节略作调整。
用甲醇配制0.2 mmol/L的DPPH溶液。将复合物稀释10倍后,取50 μL稀释样品分别与150 μL DPPH工作液混合(AS),与150 μL甲醇混合(AS1),另取50 μL甲醇与150 μL DPPH工作液混合做空白对照(A0),室温避光反应30 min后,用酶标仪测量所有溶液在517 nm处的吸光度。DHQ(20 μg/mL)和抗坏血酸(20 μg/mL)做对照。根据公式(3)计算DPPH自由基清除能力:
$\rm DPPH自由基清除能力(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{s}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{s1}}}{{\text{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
ABTS储备液的配制:将7 mmol/L的ABTS溶液与4.95 mmol/L过硫酸钾溶液按体积比1:1混合,室温下避光反应12 h,将ABTS储备液稀释使得在734 nm下的吸光度值为0.70±0.02进而得到ABTS工作液,每次使用前重新校准。将稀释10倍后的样品(50 μL)与150 μL活化的ABTS工作液混合(AS),与150 μL超纯水混合(AS2),另取50 μL超纯水与150 μL ABTS作液混合做空白对照(A0),37 ℃避光孵育0 min。在734 nm处测量所有样品的吸光度。DHQ(20 μg/mL)和抗坏血酸(20 μg/mL)做对照。根据公式(4)计算ABTS+自由基清除能力:
$ {\text{ABTS}}^+\text{自由基清除能力(\text{%})=}\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{s}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{s2}}}{{\text{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
所有实验重复3次,并以平均值±标准差($ \overline{{\mathrm{x}}} $±SD)表示。采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学差异及相关性分析。采用单因素方差分析,方差齐性时采用LSD法多重比较,方差不齐时采用沃勒-邓肯法。
复合物的粒径和分散系数结果如图1所示,随WPI比例从0%增至100%,复合物粒径和分散系数呈降低趋势,从205.5 nm降至171.2 nm;PDI从0.39降至0.22。WPI粒径最小,SPI的粒径显著大于WPI(P<0.05)。当SPI与WPI按照不同比例混合时,WPI的小分子蛋白可填充SPI聚集体空隙形成空间位阻,且WPI中β-乳球蛋白的疏水口袋能与SPI球蛋白疏水核作用,削弱SPI因疏水作用导致的聚集[7]。同时,WPI的均匀分散特性可“稀释”SPI的多分散性,SPI与WPI间氢键、疏水作用的协同使复合颗粒分布更集中。DHQ可通过羟基与蛋白形成氢键[18],芳环嵌入蛋白疏水区域,进一步稳定复合物粒径,优化分散系数。电位结果如图2可知,复合物电位绝对值随WPI占比升高呈明显递增趋势,且各组均满足电位绝对值>30 mV,电位越高,颗粒间的排斥力越强,系统也越稳定[19]。
浊度可作为复合物颗粒大小和蛋白质聚集程度的指标参考,复合物的浊度与颗粒的浓度和大小成正比[11]。如图3所示,当SPI与WPI以不同比例混合时,随着体系中SPI含量的增加,复合物在600 nm波长下的吸光度呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。单一SPI体系(100:0)OD600达到最大值,较大颗粒通常会导致更高的浊度,因为散射作用增强,这与粒径测定结果趋势一致。这表明,随着SPI占比的提升,体系内蛋白质颗粒易发生聚集并形成更大尺寸的复合物,最终导致溶液浊度显著增加。
SPI与WPI质量配比对DHQ的包封率(EE)和载药量(LC)具有显著调控作用(P<0.05)。复合物中DHQ的EE和LC结果如图4所示,SPI与WPI质量比为30:70时,EE和LC达最大值(96.06%±1.4%、0.96%±0.01%),这是由于WPI的优异乳化性能与SPI超声解聚后的柔性结构互补,促使复合蛋白自组装形成致密核-壳结构[20],为疏水性DHQ提供了丰富的疏水内核及界面吸附位点,从而提升了DHQ的EE和LC。SPI与WPI质量比为70:30时,复合结构中SPI刚性占比偏高,疏水区域排布密度不足,EE和LC略低于30:70配比。SPI与WPI质量比为50:50时,与30:70配比复合物粒径和PDI没有显著性差异,但是浊度显著增大。浊度的显著升高通常与颗粒形状不规则、表面粗糙或内部结构松散导致的散射增强有关,这可能是因为两类蛋白的亲疏水基团产生空间位阻,导致复合蛋白自组装形成不规则聚集体[21],疏水内核结构不完整,从而对DHQ的包埋效果不佳。单一SPI体系(100:0)粒径和PDI最大,且浊度最大,胶体网络稳定性不足,容易发生聚集;单一WPI体系(0:100)虽然粒径最小、浊度最小,但是缺乏SPI的多孔网络结构支撑,无法形成多尺度疏水区域[22],所以两种单一蛋白对DHQ的包埋能力均受限。结果表明,通过调控SPI与WPI的混合比例可优化复合载体的结构特性[23],进而提升对DHQ的包封率与载药量。
傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)是研究化合物官能团和结构的高效方法[24]。DHQ、蛋白和复合物的FTIR光谱如图5所示。DHQ的光谱显示出多个特征吸收峰,例如3418 cm−1(O-H伸缩振动)、1640 cm−1(C=O伸缩振动)、1478 cm−1(C=C弯曲振动)、1373 cm−1(-C-OH变形振动)和1264 cm−1(酚基C-O伸缩振动)[25]。SPI和WPI分别在1658、1641 cm−1处表现出酰胺I带,两者在1535 cm−1处出现酰胺II带,二者均与C=O的伸缩振动及N-H的弯曲振动相关[26]。对于SPI-WPI-DHQ复合物,SPI与WPI比例为100:0和70:30的复合物在1658 cm−1处出现酰胺I带,50:50、30:70和0:100的复合物在1641 cm−1处出现酰胺I带,酰胺II带没有变化,这与Yin等[19]研究结果相似。然而,在复合物中,许多DHQ特征峰消失了,表明DHQ与蛋白发生了相互作用,从而掩盖了其化学基团的红外吸收。该结果与Li等[27]研究结论类似,其研究发现DHQ与玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒发生相互作用时,同样会出现特征基团红外吸收被掩盖的现象。
圆二色光谱(CD)是一种高灵敏度分析技术,广泛用于表征蛋白质的二级结构。不同配比复合物的远紫外CD光谱如图6所示,所有样品在208 nm和222 nm处均显示出α-螺旋的特征负峰[28],且222 nm处该峰随WPI的占比升高伴有轻微蓝移;同时,摩尔椭圆度绝对值随WPI占比升高而逐渐增大,表明α-螺旋含量相应提升[29],该变化趋势与表1中蛋白质二级结构含量的测定结果一致。由表1可知,当SPI与WPI质量比从100:0调整至0:100时,α-螺旋含量由6.02%±0.61%显著上升至10.79%±0.62%(P<0.05),而β-折叠含量则由37.09%±0.83%显著下降至31.22%±0.54%(P<0.05)。这表明蛋白质二级结构发生了解折叠,整体构象灵活性增强,可能更有利于其与小分子物质结合[30]。此外,β-转角与无规则卷曲含量随配比变化保持基本稳定。值得注意的是,随着SPI含量的增加,α-螺旋含量降低而β-折叠含量升高,这一结构变化可促使蛋白质结构松散化、构象柔性提升,进而增强其在油水界面的吸附能力,提高其乳化性能。
内源荧光光谱可反映蛋白质分子内如色氨酸、酪氨酸等氨基酸残基的微环境变化[31],进而揭示分子间相互作用特征。从图7中可以看出,SPI与WPI不同质量比的复合物的荧光强度呈现出明显差异,随着SPI占比升高,复合物荧光峰强度逐渐降低,在SPI与WPI比例为100:0时达到最低。这是因为SPI比例增加促使SPI颗粒发生聚集,覆盖了部分暴露的芳香族氨基酸残基,进而导致复合物荧光强度降低。同时,随着SPI占比升高,复合物的最大荧光发射波长由341 nm红移至345 nm,表明色氨酸残基所处微环境的极性降低,复合物疏水性增强[32]。
表面疏水性是蛋白质颗粒表面相关性质的重要指标,该指标与蛋白质分子的功能性质密切相关[33],荧光探针ANS可结合疏水区域,从而增加荧光发射强度。从图8可知,随着WPI占比的升高,复合物体系的表面疏水性呈显著下降趋势,且荧光光谱出现红移现象,与Yin等[19]研究结果类似。这一结果表明,随着WPI占比的升高,复合物表面可与荧光探针ANS结合的疏水位点数量减少,体系表面疏水性减弱;而荧光红移现象是因为ANS所处微环境的极性增强。此外,SPI表面疏水性大,其主要原因可能是11S和7S球蛋白具有大量暴露与分子表面的疏水基团,从而使含SPI高的复合物表现出较强的表面疏水性[34]。
DHQ与双蛋白分子的结合亲和力为−7.406 kcal·mol−1,表明两者具有较高的结合亲和力和良好的匹配度。对接后利用PyMOL2.1软件对复合物进行可视化分析,对接结果如图9所示。图9B和C表明DHQ能够通过氢键、疏水相互作用[19]、范德华力以及π-π堆积[35]等与β-Lg、Gly蛋白发生相互作用,DHQ在β-Lg与Gly蛋白活性位点与SER116、ASN88、SER110、ASN109、GLY204等残基形成稳定的氢键网络,显著增强了化合物的结合稳定性,表明DHQ在极性微环境中与蛋白存在稳定的结合,这一结果与Duan等[15]研究结果类似。同时,参与相互作用的氨基酸残基中包含带负电氨基酸,表明范德华力也参与了相互作用[36]。此外,DHQ还与β-Lg与Gly蛋白疏水结合腔的非极性残基PHE209、PHE205产生静电相互作用,并与PHE205产生π-π相互作用,该作用机制有助于DHQ配体深度嵌入蛋白结合口袋,并排除腔内溶剂水分子,进而提高结合过程的熵驱动力与复合物稳定性。
氧化过程是引发食品品质劣变的关键诱因,抗氧化剂在延缓、控制乃至阻断氧化链式反应中发挥着不可替代的作用。SPI与WPI富含组氨酸、酪氨酸等抗氧化氨基酸残基,可通过氢原子转移(HAT)或电子转移(ET)机制参与自由基清除能力;DHQ作为天然黄酮类化合物,其酚羟基与自由基反应生成稳定的半醌式化合物,从而有效终止自由基链式传递,表现出较强的DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力。已有研究证实,蛋白和多酚可通过非共价相互作用增强复合物的抗氧化活性[37−38]。复合物DPPH自由基清除能力测定结果如图10A所示,SPI占比≥50%的复合物清除能力无显著差异,均>80%;随WPI比例升高,清除活性逐渐降低,复合物DPPH自由基清除能力显著(P<0.05)高于DHQ和抗坏血酸。DPPH自由基为脂溶性自由基,其清除反应主要依赖疏水环境中的氢原子转移[39],高SPI比例体系可通过疏水相互作用形成稳定的疏水微环境,将DHQ的酚羟基包埋于蛋白疏水口袋中,减少酚羟基的氧化损失,同时促进DHQ与DPPH自由基的接触反应。这与Fu等[40]研究结论类似,其研究证实大豆蛋白基纳米颗粒可通过疏水作用包埋原花青素并形成疏水微环境,减少原花青素氧化降解,同时增加其与DPPH自由基的接触反应机会,进而提升自由基清除能力。
ABTS+自由基清除能力测定结果如图10B所示,复合物的清除能力随SPI比例升高呈递增趋势,这与SPI大分子在水溶性体系中形成的多孔网络结构密切相关。该结构不仅增加了DHQ与ABTS+自由基的接触概率,还可促使SPI分子中的酪氨酸、色氨酸等活性氨基酸残基暴露;其侧链的酚羟基与吲哚基可直接通过氢原子转移稳定ABTS+自由基,并与DHQ的酚羟基形成氢键网络,进一步强化电子传递效率,提升自由基清除能力[41]。随WPI占比提升,复合物抗氧化清除能力逐渐降至75.06%±0.78%,但仍显著优于游离DHQ的清除能力(P<0.05)。这是因为WPI占比高的复合物疏水作用减弱,减少了对DHQ的疏水保护作用,导致抗氧化能力相对减弱。
本研究通过调控SPI与WPI的混合比例,成功构建了用于递送DHQ的双蛋白复合载体。结果表明,当SPI与WPI质量比为30:70时,复合物粒径为171.2 nm,分散系数0.22,Zeta电位绝对值>30 mV,形成了稳定均一的胶体体系,且DHQ的包封率与载药量分别高达96.06%±1.4%、0.96%±0.01%。结构分析证实DHQ主要通过氢键、疏水作用等非共价相互作用与双蛋白结合,随 WPI 占比升高,复合物中α-螺旋含量显著升高,β-折叠含量则显著降低(P<0.05),提升了蛋白构象的灵活性。抗氧化实验显示,所有复合物均具有优于DHQ和抗坏血酸的自由基清除能力,其中SPI比例≥50%的复合物清除能力>80%。综上,SPI与WPI在30:70配比下可通过多重分子相互作用形成稳定的核壳结构,有效提升DHQ的包埋稳定性与抗氧化活性,该研究为DHQ在动植物双蛋白食品体系中的高效递送提供了理论基础与技术方案。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025120148
  • 接收时间:2025-12-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-11
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    1吉林工商学院粮食工程与营养科学学院,吉林长春 130507
    2通化市中心医院,吉林通化 134099

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李玉邯(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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