Article(id=1261343856876970449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060045, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749139200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657410085, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657410085, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657410085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657410085, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=380, endPage=388, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343864359608845, articleId=1261343856876970449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Pre-harvest Spraying Salicylic Acid on Storage Quality and Antioxidant Metabolism of Post-harvest Prunes, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the effects of pre-harvest salicylic acid (SA) spraying on post-harvest quality and antioxidant metabolism of prunes (Prunus domestica L.), 'French' prune trees in Xinjiang were treated with SA solutions at concentrations of 1, 2, or 4 mmol/L. Applications were made during four key developmental stages: fruit set, expansion, color change, and maturity. A control group received water sprays. Following harvest, fruit were stored at 1.0±1.0 ℃ and 90%~95% relative humidity. Quality parameters and antioxidant metabolism indicators were assessed at 15 days intervals over the 90 days storage period. Results demonstrated that pre-harvest spraying of SA could significantly maintain the hardness, soluble solids content and titratable acid level of plum fruits during post-harvest storage, and inhibit the color blackening, respiration and weight loss rate of fruits. The 2 mmol/L SA treatment proved most effective. At the end of storage, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the 2 mmol/L SA-treated prunes were 1.17, 1.40, 1.54, 1.23, and 1.26 fold those of the control group, respectively (P<0.05). The contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were 2.70 and 1.08 fold those of the control group, enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities and effectively maintaining AsA and GSH levels. Additionally, the production rate of superoxide anion (O2·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, as well as cell membrane permeability, were suppressed. This indicated that spraying SA before harvest could maintain the post-harvest quality of prunes by enhancing their antioxidant metabolism capacity.

, correspAuthors=Xuan ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Weijun KONG, Wenbo LI, Yating ZHAO, Xuemei ZHANG, Xin ZHANG, Yaqing FAN, Xinqi ZHANG, Xuan ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343882139263714, articleId=1261343856876970449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=采前喷施水杨酸对采后西梅贮藏品质及抗氧化代谢的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究采前喷施水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)对采后西梅贮藏品质及抗氧化代谢的影响,本实验以新疆‘法兰西’西梅为试材,分别在西梅发育的四个时期(坐果期、膨大期、转色期及成熟期)喷施不同浓度(1、2、4 mmol/L)SA,对照组喷施清水。采收后的西梅果实于1.0±1.0 ℃、相对湿度90%~95%条件下贮藏,并每隔15 d取样测定果实品质及抗氧化代谢等相关指标,直至90 d结束实验。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够显著保持西梅果实在采后贮藏期间硬度、可溶性固形物含量与可滴定酸水平,抑制果实色泽转黑和呼吸作用以及失重率的上升,其中采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组效果最佳。贮藏结束时,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxydas,APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(gluathione reductase,GR)的活性分别是对照组的1.17倍、1.40倍、1.54倍、1.23倍、1.26倍(P<0.05),抗坏血酸(ascorbicacid,AsA)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)的含量是对照组的2.70倍和1.08倍,提高了西梅果实抗氧化酶活性,有效维持了AsA与GSH含量,同时,抑制超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的积累以及细胞膜透性的上升。这表明采前喷施SA可通过增强采后西梅果实的抗氧化代谢能力,维持其贮藏品质。

, correspAuthors=朱璇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
朱璇(1971−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=IbdAc9gnGQeoSracaMb6Nw==, magXml=te7h3Ch1xoJzgQY7rR/dKg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=dp2nVuW/4+EZdHDHv563/w==, pdfFileSize=2463100, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=MWj4K828hWQXC/iR8wRh7g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9PfHyBoj1qpfCU5LAZvXRg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孔伟君(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:

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孔伟君(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:

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The effect and mechanism of salicylic acid treatment on the scavenging of hydrogen peroxide by ascorbic acid-reduced glutathione cycle metabolism in postharvest melon[J]. 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注:不同小写字母表示相同贮藏时间下处理组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),图2~图3同。

, figureFileSmall=NDqmnQQPcaaD3+egcI4gsA==, figureFileBig=MWj4K828hWQXC/iR8wRh7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343939919995058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of spraying SA before harvest on hardness (A), soluble solids content (B) and titratable acid content (C) of postharvest prune fruit, figureFileSmall=d10/gJA6fqHTbgVk2Bz51Q==, figureFileBig=skmxObQ2x2wpVPlq8otEbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940423311545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=CN, label=图2, caption=采前喷施SA对采后西梅果实硬度(A)、可溶性固形物含量(B)、可滴定酸含量(C)的影响, figureFileSmall=d10/gJA6fqHTbgVk2Bz51Q==, figureFileBig=skmxObQ2x2wpVPlq8otEbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343941182480575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of spraying SA before harvest on respiration (A) and weight loss rate (B) of postharvest prune fruit, figureFileSmall=0qTipwdnQFCwAIxyedONnQ==, figureFileBig=a070d1UW9wW8WylV4KE+BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343942025535687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=CN, label=图3, caption=采前喷施SA对采后西梅果实呼吸强度(A)和失重率(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=0qTipwdnQFCwAIxyedONnQ==, figureFileBig=a070d1UW9wW8WylV4KE+BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343944214962386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of spraying SA before harvest on ASA (A) and GSH (B) contents of postharvest prune fruit, figureFileSmall=wAofpkvR9kyUSpT3yRZPJQ==, figureFileBig=6JahxtGA1zOZcIbHYalq/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343944974131416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=CN, label=图4, caption=采前喷施SA对采后西梅果实AsA(A)、GSH(B)含量的影响

注:“*”表示相同贮藏时间下处理组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),图5~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=wAofpkvR9kyUSpT3yRZPJQ==, figureFileBig=6JahxtGA1zOZcIbHYalq/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343945460670689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of spraying SA before harvest on O2· production rate (A) and H2O2 content (B) of postharvest prune fruit, figureFileSmall=gOJPgoHznmURA5fN++uXig==, figureFileBig=lukJaTe5ikX/nDNMTyZq+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343945955598565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=CN, label=图5, caption=采前喷施SA对采后西梅果实O2·产生速率(A)与H2O2含量(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=gOJPgoHznmURA5fN++uXig==, figureFileBig=lukJaTe5ikX/nDNMTyZq+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343946467303663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of spraying SA before harvest on the activity of SOD (A), CAT (B), POD (C), GR (D), APX (E) of postharvest prune fruit, figureFileSmall=WzsgBqcK4EsSPZwknU85zQ==, figureFileBig=Oin+cWyypZV8R1nQCjLm4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343948379906296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=CN, label=图6, caption=采前喷施SA对采后西梅果实SOD(A)、CAT(B)、POD(C)、GR(D)、APX(E)活性的影响, figureFileSmall=WzsgBqcK4EsSPZwknU85zQ==, figureFileBig=Oin+cWyypZV8R1nQCjLm4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343948912582907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of spraying SA before harvest on cell membrane permeability (A) and MDA content (B) of postharvest prune fruit, figureFileSmall=m7Iez3PZZqp/uDZ/kRJrBg==, figureFileBig=M9Zd/SVXdXyFhxEDXiBlFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343949659169028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343856876970449, 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采前喷施水杨酸对采后西梅贮藏品质及抗氧化代谢的影响
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孔伟君 , 李文博 , 赵亚婷 , 张学梅 , 张鑫 , 范雅青 , 张新祺 , 朱璇 *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(9): 380-388
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食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026, 47(9): 380-388
采前喷施水杨酸对采后西梅贮藏品质及抗氧化代谢的影响
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孔伟君 , 李文博, 赵亚婷, 张学梅, 张鑫, 范雅青, 张新祺, 朱璇*
作者信息
  • 新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 孔伟君(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:

通讯作者:

朱璇(1971−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:
Effects of Pre-harvest Spraying Salicylic Acid on Storage Quality and Antioxidant Metabolism of Post-harvest Prunes
Weijun KONG , Wenbo LI, Yating ZHAO, Xuemei ZHANG, Xin ZHANG, Yaqing FAN, Xinqi ZHANG, Xuan ZHU*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural Univercity, Urumqi 830052, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060045
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为探究采前喷施水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)对采后西梅贮藏品质及抗氧化代谢的影响,本实验以新疆‘法兰西’西梅为试材,分别在西梅发育的四个时期(坐果期、膨大期、转色期及成熟期)喷施不同浓度(1、2、4 mmol/L)SA,对照组喷施清水。采收后的西梅果实于1.0±1.0 ℃、相对湿度90%~95%条件下贮藏,并每隔15 d取样测定果实品质及抗氧化代谢等相关指标,直至90 d结束实验。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够显著保持西梅果实在采后贮藏期间硬度、可溶性固形物含量与可滴定酸水平,抑制果实色泽转黑和呼吸作用以及失重率的上升,其中采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组效果最佳。贮藏结束时,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxydas,APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(gluathione reductase,GR)的活性分别是对照组的1.17倍、1.40倍、1.54倍、1.23倍、1.26倍(P<0.05),抗坏血酸(ascorbicacid,AsA)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)的含量是对照组的2.70倍和1.08倍,提高了西梅果实抗氧化酶活性,有效维持了AsA与GSH含量,同时,抑制超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的积累以及细胞膜透性的上升。这表明采前喷施SA可通过增强采后西梅果实的抗氧化代谢能力,维持其贮藏品质。

西梅  /  水杨酸  /  贮藏品质  /  抗氧化代谢

In order to investigate the effects of pre-harvest salicylic acid (SA) spraying on post-harvest quality and antioxidant metabolism of prunes (Prunus domestica L.), 'French' prune trees in Xinjiang were treated with SA solutions at concentrations of 1, 2, or 4 mmol/L. Applications were made during four key developmental stages: fruit set, expansion, color change, and maturity. A control group received water sprays. Following harvest, fruit were stored at 1.0±1.0 ℃ and 90%~95% relative humidity. Quality parameters and antioxidant metabolism indicators were assessed at 15 days intervals over the 90 days storage period. Results demonstrated that pre-harvest spraying of SA could significantly maintain the hardness, soluble solids content and titratable acid level of plum fruits during post-harvest storage, and inhibit the color blackening, respiration and weight loss rate of fruits. The 2 mmol/L SA treatment proved most effective. At the end of storage, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the 2 mmol/L SA-treated prunes were 1.17, 1.40, 1.54, 1.23, and 1.26 fold those of the control group, respectively (P<0.05). The contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were 2.70 and 1.08 fold those of the control group, enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities and effectively maintaining AsA and GSH levels. Additionally, the production rate of superoxide anion (O2·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, as well as cell membrane permeability, were suppressed. This indicated that spraying SA before harvest could maintain the post-harvest quality of prunes by enhancing their antioxidant metabolism capacity.

prune  /  salicylic acid (SA)  /  storage quality  /  antioxidant metabolism
孔伟君, 李文博, 赵亚婷, 张学梅, 张鑫, 范雅青, 张新祺, 朱璇. 采前喷施水杨酸对采后西梅贮藏品质及抗氧化代谢的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 380 -388 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060045
Weijun KONG, Wenbo LI, Yating ZHAO, Xuemei ZHANG, Xin ZHANG, Yaqing FAN, Xinqi ZHANG, Xuan ZHU. Effects of Pre-harvest Spraying Salicylic Acid on Storage Quality and Antioxidant Metabolism of Post-harvest Prunes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 380 -388 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060045
西梅(Prunus domestica L.)属蔷薇科李属植物,原产于欧洲与西亚地区[1]。近年来,新疆因其得天独厚的地理条件和自然资源,西梅种植面积逐年呈上升趋势,产生了良好的经济与社会效益,但西梅属于呼吸跃变型果实,其水分与含糖量高,加之集中采收期间温度较高与果实堆积会引发呼吸代谢激增,若采摘后的西梅果实贮藏不当,会加速果实衰老与品质劣变,影响西梅的食用价值和商品价值。果蔬采前处理对其贮藏品质有重要的影响,也是采后贮藏保鲜研究的重点。
果蔬采后贮藏期间因自身代谢与外界逆境胁迫积累的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)会引发脂质过氧化反应,破坏细胞膜结构完整性,导致膜损伤和丙二醛积累,引发代谢紊乱,加速果蔬衰老[2]。水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)是一种β-羟基苯甲酸类植物内源信号分子与生长调节物质。作为新型植物激素,能够调节植物的抗氧化代谢,影响植物的生长衰老[34]。近年来,SA在园艺作物采后处理中开展了较为广泛的研究。相关研究表明,SA处理能够有效抑制鲜莲[5]、番茄[6]、橙子[7]等果实的呼吸作用与蒸腾作用,有效保持果实的贮藏品质;还可通过调控叶绿素代谢及抗氧化系统,延缓西兰花[8]的黄化进程;还可降低杏[9]、葡糖[10]等果实腐烂率,延长果实保鲜期。
SA作为一种能够调节植物生长的信号分子,它可通过植物韧皮部运输,能够调节气孔开闭机制,有效促进植物的光合作用,并能够提高植物气孔对干旱、低温等逆境的响应能力,更好地减少植物体内水分流失,促进植物的生长。近年来,有关SA的研究虽大多聚焦于采后领域,但是通过采前喷施SA来影响果实采后品质也是一个重要的研究方向[1112]。相关研究表明,采前SA处理能够保持青椒[13]、番茄[14]、树莓[15]、草莓[16]等果实的贮藏品质,延缓红地球葡萄[17]果实的软化。以上研究表明,不同种类果实的生理特性与代谢途径不同,会引起贮藏效果的差异,因此,采前喷施SA所产生的效果呈现出显著的果实特异性。目前,关于采前喷施SA对西梅采后贮藏品质影响的研究鲜见报道。
为此,本研究以新疆‘法兰西’西梅为对象,于果实坐果期、膨大期、转色期及成熟期分别喷施1、2、4 mmol/L SA。采收后测定品质指标筛选出最佳的SA浓度,并基于抗氧化代谢探究SA对西梅果实贮藏品质的影响,为西梅采后保鲜创新策略提供理论依据。
‘法兰西’西梅于2024年8月22日采摘于新疆喀什疏附县,并于采后12 h内运抵新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院实验室,预冷24 h后贮藏于1.0±1.0 ℃冷库中,选取大小、成熟度(硬度为24.5±0.5 N、可溶性固形物为22.5%±0.5%)一致且无机械损伤的西梅作为试材;三氯乙酸、硫代巴比妥酸、无水乙醇、邻苯二酚、愈创木酚、丙酮、2,6-二氯靛酚、核黄素、水杨酸等 均为国产分析纯,天津市光复科技发展有限公司;O2·产生速率检测试剂盒、H2O2含量检测试剂盒 苏州梦犀生物医药科技有限公司。
GY-4果实硬度计 山东优云谱光电科技有限公司;TS-7036分光色差仪 广东三恩时科技有限公司;PAL-BX ACID F5型糖酸度计 ATAGO(爱拓)中国分公司;UV-1700型紫外可见分光光度计 岛津公司;IKA-A11基础分析研磨机 南京天普生物科技有限公司;3HBRI型高速冷冻离心机 赫西仪器有限公司;SX-MD16I型动力喷雾机 市下控股有限公司。
分别称取1.38、2.76、5.52 g水杨酸加清水不断搅拌,配制为1 L水杨酸溶液,再分别加入9 L清水,充分混匀,配制成浓度分别为1、2、4 mmol/L的SA溶液。
参照Wang等[18]的方法,选取田间通风、光照良好且长势均匀的西梅果树若干,采用单株随机组合设计。在果实发育的坐果期(花后30 d)、膨大期(花后60 d)、转色期(花后90 d)和成熟期(花后120 d),于晴天17:00~19:00,使用动力喷雾机对树体枝叶均匀喷施1、2、4 mmol/L SA溶液(以清水为对照,CK)。喷施以叶片均匀湿润为准,每组浓度喷施10棵树(单组处理量10 L溶液),重复3次并标记。果实成熟后采摘,12 h内运回实验室,预冷24 h后置于1.0±1 ℃冷库贮藏,每15 d取样测定。
色泽:使用色差仪,以赤道为界在果实两侧各取3个点测定,记录L*a*b*值,每组处理随机测10个果实。
硬度:采用硬度计(探头直径3.55 mm)测定。
SSC与TA含量:使用糖酸度计测定。
呼吸强度:参照曹建康等[19]的方法测定。采用静置法测定,根据空白与样品消耗草酸溶液的差值,计算样品在单位时间内释放的CO2量,结果以mg CO2/(kg·h)表示。
失重率:采用重量差值法。贮藏前测定四组样品初始重量(W0),每15 d取样称量当前重量(Wt)。按下列公式计算失重率。
$ \rm 失重率({\text{%}})=\frac{W_0-W_t}{W_0}\times 100 $
式中,W0为初始重量,kg;Wt为贮藏第t天重量,kg。
参考曹建康等[19]的方法进行测定。还原型抗坏血酸含量测定采用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法,单位为mg/100 g FW,谷胱甘肽含量测定采用分光光度计法,单位表示为μmol/g FW。
按照O2-·产生速率检测试剂盒、H2O2含量检测试剂盒说明进行测定。
SOD、CAT、POD、APX、GR活性的测定,参照曹建康等[19]的方法稍作修改。配制磷酸缓冲液、各类底物溶液、反应终止液及显色剂等试剂;称取1~2 g西梅冻样,SOD与CAT分别加入经过预冷的5 mL含有5 mmol/L和5%PVP的磷酸缓冲液;POD加入经过预冷的5 mL含有1 mmol PEG、4% PVPP的磷酸缓冲液;APX、GR分别加入经过预冷的5 mL含有0.1 mol/L pH 7.5的磷酸缓冲液,在冰浴下研磨,4 ℃、12000×g离心30 min得上清粗酶液;SOD在560 nm测吸光度计算活性;CAT、POD、APX、GR分别在240、470、290、340 nm测吸光度,并按照SOD抑制硝基蓝四唑在光下的还原作用来确定酶活性的大小;CAT为每分钟分解1 μmol H2O2所需的酶量;POD为每分钟催化氧化1 μmol愈创木酚所需的酶量;APX为每分钟氧化1 μmol抗坏血酸所需的酶量;GR为每分钟氧化1 μmol NADPH所需的酶量),结果以U/g FW表示。
参考曹建康等[19]的方法测定细胞膜透性。采用电导率法,将西梅果实用打孔器与小刀处理成2 mm的小片,后将样品浸泡于去离子水中。根据如下公式计算细胞膜透性(%),重复3次。
$ \mathrm{细胞膜透性}({\text{%}})=\frac{\gamma_1}{\gamma_0}\times 100 $
式中,γ1:定时测定溶液电导率,γ0:煮沸后总电导率,以相对电导率表示细胞膜透性。
丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量参考曹建康等[19]的方法进行测定。将西梅果肉组织匀浆与硫代巴比妥酸试剂在酸性条件下沸水浴反应,生成红棕色产物,通过测定450、532、600 nm处吸光值,根据如下公式计算MDA含量,重复3次。
$ {\rm MDA含量(nmol/g\;FW)=\dfrac{[6.45\times(OD_{532\;nm}-OD_{600\;nm})-0.56\times OD_{450\;nm}]\times V}{V_s\times m \times 1000}} $
式中,V:样品提取液总体积,mL;Vs:测定时所取样品提取液体积,mL;m:样品质量,g。
原始数据采用Excel 2019整理,使用SPSS 27.0进行方差分析,差异显著性检验采用Duncan’s多重比较和Tukey检验(P<0.05为显著)。图表由Origin 2019制作。所有实验重复至少3次。
L*值表示果实颜色的明亮度,如图1A所示,西梅果实的L*值随贮藏时间的延长呈下降的趋势,表明西梅果实的颜色由亮转暗。贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的L*值分别比采前喷施1、4 mmol/L SA组与对照组高5.61%、11.59%、16.25%(P<0.05)。
a*值表示果实的红绿值,如图1B所示,随着贮藏时间的延长,西梅果实的a*值整体呈现上升趋势,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实的a*值始终小于其他三组,贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的a*值分别比采前喷施1、4 mmol/L SA组与对照组低5.35%、7.58%、15.10%(P<0.05)。
b*值表示果实的黄蓝值,如图1C所示,西梅果实在贮藏过程中的b*值整体呈现下降的趋势,表明西梅果实颜色逐渐转为紫黑色,第15 d开始,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实的b*值始终大于其他三组,贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的b*值分别比采前喷施1、4 mmol/L SA组与对照组高20.16%、42.11%、79.30%(P<0.05)。
图1D所示,贮藏第0 d,西梅果实色泽鲜亮,随贮藏时间延长,果实色泽逐渐由红转黑。贮藏第45 d,对照组西梅果实色泽转色明显,而处理组转色缓慢;贮藏结束(90 d),对照组与处理组西梅果实色泽差距明显,对照组果实色泽转变为黑紫色,而处理组西梅果实色泽保持较好。说明采前喷施SA能够抑制西梅果实色泽转黑,其中采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组效果最优。
硬度、SSC、TA是反映果蔬贮藏品质的关键指标[2021]。贮藏期间,各组西梅果实硬度均持续下降,但采前喷施2 mmol/L SA处理的果实硬度始终显著高于其他三组;贮藏结束时(90 d),采前喷施1、2、4 mmol/L SA组的硬度分别是对照组的1.19倍、1.33倍、1.13倍(P<0.05)。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够有效延缓采后西梅硬度的下降。
图2B所示,西梅果实的可溶性固形物含量随贮藏进程表现为先升后降的变化特征。采前喷施SA组在贮藏75 d时含量最高,对照组在60 d达到最大,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实的可溶性固形物含量始终大于其他三组,贮藏结束时(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的可溶性固形物含量分别比采前喷施1、4 mmol/L SA组和对照组高5.00%、7.76%、17.25%(P<0.05)。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够有效维持采后西梅可溶性固形物的含量。
图2C所示,贮藏期间西梅果实的可滴定酸含量呈下降趋势,但采前喷施SA组始终高于对照组,贮藏结束时(90 d),采前喷施1、2、4 mmol/L SA组可滴定酸含量分别是对照组的1.39倍、1.75倍、1.25倍(P<0.05)。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够有效延缓采后西梅可滴定酸含量的下降。
图3A所示,随贮藏时间延长,西梅果实呼吸强度表现出先升后降的变化特征。贮藏前期(0~45 d),西梅果实的呼吸强度迅速增加,采前喷施4 mmol/L SA组西梅果实的呼吸强度在第30 d达到最大,采前喷施1 mmol/L SA组与对照组在第45 d达到最大,而采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组在第60 d达到最大,贮藏结束时(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的呼吸强度分别比采前喷施1、4 mmol/L SA组和对照组低9.42%、14.62%、20.63%(P<0.05)。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够有效抑制采后西梅的呼吸作用的上升,推迟呼吸高峰的出现。
失重率反映果实水分损失程度,如图3B所示,西梅果实的失重率随贮藏时间的延长呈上升趋势,表明果实因蒸腾和呼吸作用持续减轻重量。贮藏结束(90 d)时,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实失重率分别比采前喷施1、4 mmol/L SA组和对照组低8.64%、4.55%和17.38%(P<0.05)。
综上,采前喷施SA可减缓西梅果实贮藏品质的下降,其中采前喷施2 mmol/L SA处理效果最佳,故选用该处理组进行后续试验分析。
AsA与GSH是影响果蔬活性氧代谢的重要指标。如图4A所示,西梅果实的AsA含量在贮藏期间持续下降,但采前喷施2 mmol/L SA处理的果实,其AsA含量始终高于对照组;贮藏结束时(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的AsA含量是对照组的2.70倍(P<0.05)。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够有效维持采后西梅AsA的含量。
图4B所示,贮藏期间西梅果实GSH含量呈上升的变化特征,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA处理的果实,其GSH含量始终高于对照组;贮藏结束时(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实GSH含量是对照组的1.08倍(P<0.05)。结果表明,采前喷施SA能够有效提高采后西梅GSH含量。
O2·产生速率与H2O2含量等指标能够直接反映出果蔬衰老程度[2223]。如图5A所示,西梅果实O2-·产生速率随贮藏时间延长呈先升后降的变化特征。贮藏前中期(0~45 d)两组西梅果实的O2·产生速率急速上升,且对照组在第30 d达到最大,而采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组则在第45 d达到最大;从第60 d开始,两组西梅果实O2·产生速率开始急速下降;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实O2·产生速率比对照组低11.37%(P<0.05)。
图5B所示,贮藏期间西梅果实H2O2含量呈先升后降的趋势。在贮藏0~30 d间,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实H2O2含量急速上升,都在30 d达到最大,从第45 d开始,对照组西梅果实H2O2含量缓慢下降,而采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实H2O2含量迅速下降;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实H2O2含量比对照组低17.62%(P<0.05)。
SOD、CAT、POD、GR和APX是抗氧化代谢过程中的关键防御酶,它们在抵御氧化应激中发挥着重要作用[2425]。如图6A所示,西梅果实SOD活性随贮藏时间延长呈先升后降的变化特征。在贮藏前期(0~30 d),在第0 d两组无显著差异,从第15 d开始差异显著,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实SOD活性急速上升,对照组西梅果实SOD活性在30 d达到最大;第45 d时,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的SOD活性达到最大,是对照组的1.30倍(P<0.05);第45~90 d,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实SOD活性逐渐下降,贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实SOD活性是对照组的1.17倍(P<0.05)。
图6B所示,贮藏期间西梅果实CAT活性呈先升后降的变化特征。在贮藏前中期(0~45 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实CAT活性急速上升,同时两组西梅果实CAT活性在45 d达到最大,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的CAT活性是对照组的1.18倍(P<0.05);第60~90 d,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实CAT活性急速下降,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的CAT活性始终大于对照组;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实CAT活性是对照组的1.40倍(P<0.05)。
图6C所示,西梅果实POD活性在贮藏期间呈先升后降的变化特征。在贮藏前期(0~30 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实POD活性先上升后下降,而对照组酶活性则缓慢上升;第45 d,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实POD活性均达到最大,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的POD活性是对照组的1.25倍(P<0.05);从60 d开始,两组POD活性开始缓慢下降;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实POD活性是对照组的1.54倍(P<0.05)。
图6D所示,贮藏期间西梅果实GR活性呈先升后降的变化特征。贮藏前期(0~30 d),在第0 d两组无显著差异,从第15 d开始差异显著(P<0.05),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实GR活性急速上升,而对照组西梅果实GR活性缓慢上升;第45 d,两组西梅果实的GR活性均达到最大值,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的GR活性是对照组的1.17倍(P<0.05);第60~90 d,两组西梅果实GR活性急速下降;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实GR活性是对照组的1.23倍(P<0.05)。
图6E所示,西梅果实APX活性随贮藏时间延长呈先升后降的变化特征。贮藏前期(0~30 d),在第0 d两组无显著差异,从第15 d开始差异显著(P<0.05),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实APX活性急速上升并在45 d达到最大,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的APX活性是对照组的1.14倍(P<0.05);从第60 d开始,两组西梅果实APX活性开始缓慢下降;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实APX活性是对照组的1.26倍(P<0.05)。
综上,采前喷施SA能显著提升采后西梅果实的抗氧化酶活性。
细胞膜透性和MDA含量是评估果实氧化损伤程度的常用指标[24,26]。如图7A所示,西梅果实细胞膜透性随贮藏时间延长呈上升的变化特征。在第0 d两组无显著差异,从第15 d开始差异显著(P<0.05),从第15 d开始,对照组西梅果实的细胞膜透性快速增加,而采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实细胞膜透性缓慢增加,且采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实的细胞膜透性始终低于对照组;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实细胞膜透性比对照组低18.71%(P<0.05)。
图7B所示,西梅果实MDA含量随贮藏时间延长而上升。贮藏前中期(0~45 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组与对照组西梅果实中MDA含量迅速增加,且对照组的含量始终大于采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组,从第60 d开始,两组西梅果实中MDA含量平缓上升;贮藏结束(90 d),采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组西梅果实中MDA含量比对照组低5.37%(P<0.05)。
综上所述,采前喷施SA可显著抑制采后西梅果实细胞膜透性与MDA含量的上升。
本研究表明,采前喷施SA可显著保持采后西梅果实在贮藏期间的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸水平,抑制西梅果实色泽转黑和呼吸作用以及失重率的上升,推迟呼吸高峰的出现,其中以采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的效果最为显著。何庆[27]研究也表明,采前喷施SA可有效维持红地球葡萄的硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸水平,有效保持其贮藏品质。
果实的衰老与品质的劣变密切相关,衰老过程又与活性氧代谢失调密切相关[28]。ROS作为果蔬贮藏过程中的生理代谢产物,在遭受逆境胁迫时会突破抗氧化系统的清除阈值,造成ROS过度积累,果蔬细胞组织氧化损伤以致膜脂分解,引发果实组织中的细胞损伤,从而加速果实的衰老进程,导致果实品质劣变[2930]。然而,果蔬自身也具备抗氧化防御系统来应对ROS代谢失衡。其中SOD、CAT、POD是主要的抗氧化酶,SOD可催化O2-·转化为H2O2,后者通过CAT、POD等进一步分解为无害的H2O和O2,维持ROS的代谢平衡,保持果蔬的正常生理状态,延缓果蔬衰老进程[31]。在本研究中,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA的西梅果实中SOD、CAT、POD酶的活性显著高于对照组,表明该处理能够明显提高抗氧化酶的活性,这些较高的抗氧化酶活性能够有效清除西梅果实组织中过量的H2O2,降低O2·产生速率,减轻膜脂过氧化,抑制了细胞膜透性与MDA含量的上升,延缓果实衰老,有效维持其贮藏品质。Giménez等[32]研究也表明,采前SA处理可增强樱桃果实中抗氧化酶的活性,延缓其衰老进程,有效地保持樱桃的硬度、色泽。
AsA-GSH循环也是植物中重要的抗氧化体系。AsA在APX作用下将H2O2还原为H2O,自身经系列反应后,并在GR等作用下,利用GSH实现再生,不断清除ROS,维持细胞氧化还原平衡。该循环的功能对于延缓果蔬采后衰老和品质劣变至关重要。一旦其效能减弱,将导致ROS积累加剧,加速组织氧化损伤,导致果蔬贮藏品质下降[3334]。本研究表明,采前喷施2 mmol/L SA组的西梅果实GR、APX酶的活性显著高于对照组,有效维持AsA与GSH在较高水平,避免ROS过量积累,有效地保持西梅果实的贮藏品质。虽然,目前采前SA处理对果蔬AsA-GSH循环的影响少见报道,但杨乾等[35]研究表明,采后SA处理可有效提升甜瓜AsA-GSH循环系统活性,增强其采后抗氧化能力,延缓衰老进程,维持其贮藏品质。综上,采前喷施SA通过调控西梅果实贮藏期间的活性氧代谢与AsA-GSH循环,增强其抗氧化能力,防止膜脂过氧化损伤,延缓果实衰老,维持其贮藏品质。
本研究表明,采前整株喷施2 mmol/L SA能够增强采后西梅果实中的SOD、CAT、POD、APX和GR的活性,其酶活性分别是对照组的1.17倍、1.40倍、1.54倍、1.23倍、1.26倍(P<0.05),显著的维持了AsA和GSH的含量,减缓了O2·产生速率以及H2O2和MDA含量的积累,抑制细胞膜透性的增加,并能够有效维持西梅果实色泽、硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数与可滴定酸水平以及抑制呼吸作用和失重率的上升,推迟呼吸高峰的出现,明显的保持西梅果实采后的贮藏品质。已有研究表明,采前喷施SA处理在提升果蔬采后保鲜效果方面具有良好的应用前景,但其与其他保鲜技术的协同应用研究相对较少。因此,未来的研究可进一步探讨SA与其他保鲜技术结合的协同效应,以期更有效地改善果蔬贮藏品质。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060045
  • 接收时间:2025-06-06
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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    新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

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朱璇(1971−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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