Article(id=1261343854834344395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050314, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748707200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657409628, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657409628, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657409627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657409627, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=203, endPage=212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343857942323673, articleId=1261343854834344395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Synergistic Effect of Lactobacillus pentosus and Commercial Strains (SW) on the Quality of Fermented Dairy Products, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters with high exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and to analyze their metabolic mechanisms. By assessing the EPS content in fermented skim milk co-cultured with nine laboratory-isolated EPS-producing LAB strains and commercial strains, the optimal starter (designated as the SW group) was identified as a composite of the laboratory-isolated Lactobacillus pentosus strain 15 and commercial strains. The EPS content and viscosity of skim milk fermented by the SW group were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those observed in the control group (S group). Through the integration of physicochemical analysis and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics, a total of 67 differential metabolites were identified, comprising 40 upregulated and 27 downregulated metabolites. Metabolic analysis indicated activation of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, as demonstrated by the upregulation of arginine and its precursor N-acetylglutamate-5-semialdehyde (NAGSA), alongside the downregulation of ornithine. Concurrently, the essential amino acid L-leucine was significantly upregulated. Organic acids, including 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid and hydrocinnamic acid, were found to modulate acidity, while the accumulation of benzoic acid contributed positively to shelf life extension. Furthermore, the upregulation of EPS synthesis precursors, specifically UDP-glucose and glucuronic acid, indicated that EPS synthesis predominantly involved glycosidic bond linkages among UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid, and GDP-mannose. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the cofactor biosynthesis pathway was the primary driver of the metabolic flux of EPS, with phenylalanine metabolism supplying essential nutrients and arginine biosynthesis facilitating the accumulation of functional components. Collectively, this study elucidated that the SW group enhanced nutritional value, antibacterial efficacy, and EPS production through multi-pathway metabolic regulation, thereby improving product texture and nutritional fortification. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for optimizing the quality of fermented foods.

, correspAuthors=Qian XU, Bing XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shishen LIU, Zhe HAN, Beibei WANG, Xiyue NIU, Yiteng ZHANG, Huan WANG, Qian XU, Bing XIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343882537722601, articleId=1261343854834344395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=戊糖乳杆菌协同商业菌株(SW)对发酵乳制品品质的影响, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在筛选高产胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharides,EPS)的乳酸菌发酵剂并解析其代谢机制。通过测定9株实验室产EPS乳酸菌与商业菌混菌发酵的EPS含量,筛选出最优发酵剂SW组(实验室15号戊糖乳杆菌与商业菌复配),其发酵脱脂乳的EPS含量和黏度显著(P<0.05)高于对照组(S组)。结合理化分析与LC-MS非靶向代谢组学,共鉴定出67种差异代谢物(上调40种/下调27种)。代谢分析显示,精氨酸生物合成通路激活(精氨酸及前体NAGSA上调、鸟氨酸下调),伴随必需氨基酸L-亮氨酸显著上调;2-羟基己酸、氢化肉桂酸等有机酸调节酸度,苯甲酸积累利于延长货架期;EPS合成前体物质UDP-葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸上调,推测其合成以UDP-葡萄糖、UDP-葡萄糖醛酸与GDP-甘露糖的糖苷键连接为主。通路富集表明,辅因子生物合成通路主导EPS代谢流,苯丙氨酸代谢提供营养,精氨酸生物合成促进功能成分积累。本研究揭示了SW组通过多途径代谢调控提升其营养价值、抑菌效果以及EPS产量等,实现产品的质构改善和营养强化,为发酵食品品质优化提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=许倩, 谢兵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
许倩(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工技术,E-mail:
谢兵(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:果蔬采后生物学与贮藏保鲜技术,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xaastrZi6TSq8V2D71YlbA==, magXml=Lu96cATgsTO+W8WK2A+mpQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=a6KQX46x9EXN1xNU+12E0g==, pdfFileSize=4541563, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Yu3tnuw7xUA0lAopUMBC4Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uCYJSkKZVU0y0dJ2q07FKg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘世申(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

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刘世申(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

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Wuxi: Jiangnan University, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343990083871415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张玥, 张超, 刁梦奇, 等. 微生物胞外多糖的生物合成途径[J]. 生命的化学, 2024, 44(7): 1270−1280., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343990264226489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Chao, DIAO Mengqi, et al. The biosynthetic pathways of microbial exopolysaccharides[J]. 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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022, 208: 314−323., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343990868206271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王道滇, 肖梦林, 魏光强, 等. 基于干酪乳杆菌ZLC01的山羊奶发酵乳及其特征性代谢物研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2024, 50(9): 71−77., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343991157613251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Daodian, XIAO Menglin, WEI Guangqiang, et al. Fermented goat milk with Lactobacillus casei ZLC01 and its characteristic metabolites[J]. 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注:***表示差异极显著(P<0.001),*表示差异显著(P<0.05),ns表示差异不显著(P>0.05),不同小写字母表示在同一指标下,不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=jQHmYEkDy8m+3t9FPWpnVA==, figureFileBig=1iGBuxevgrEiitW+BW31yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343949181018369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=TIC chromatograms of QC samples in positive and negative ion modes, figureFileSmall=yxVkm8YcuGfgNAOhHkKhOQ==, figureFileBig=s7jktj+2zPhC4TBuQNw2wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343949990519047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=CN, label=图3, caption=QC样品正负离子模式TIC图

注:A:正离子模式TIC图,B:负离子模式TIC图。

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Code names of strains

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菌株代号
商业菌株S
商业菌株+实验室1号菌(L. plantarum-1)S+1
商业菌株+实验室3号菌(L. paraplantarum-3)S+3
商业菌株+实验室4号菌(L. pentosus-4)S+4
商业菌株+实验室6号菌(L. faecium-6)S+6
商业菌株+实验室8号菌(L. pentosus-8)S+8
商业菌株+实验室10号菌(L. plantarum-10)S+10
商业菌株+实验室11号菌(L. pentosus-11)S+11
商业菌株+实验室15号菌(L. pentosus-15)S+15(SW)
商业菌株+实验室18号菌(L. paracasei-18)S+18
), ArticleFig(id=1261343962296607115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株的代号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株代号
商业菌株S
商业菌株+实验室1号菌(L. plantarum-1)S+1
商业菌株+实验室3号菌(L. paraplantarum-3)S+3
商业菌株+实验室4号菌(L. pentosus-4)S+4
商业菌株+实验室6号菌(L. faecium-6)S+6
商业菌株+实验室8号菌(L. pentosus-8)S+8
商业菌株+实验室10号菌(L. plantarum-10)S+10
商业菌株+实验室11号菌(L. pentosus-11)S+11
商业菌株+实验室15号菌(L. pentosus-15)S+15(SW)
商业菌株+实验室18号菌(L. paracasei-18)S+18
), ArticleFig(id=1261343963420680594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mobile phase gradient conditions on T3 column

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时间(min)A(%)B(%)
0.0955
2.08020
5.04060
6.0199
7.5199
7.6955
10.0955
), ArticleFig(id=1261343963923997083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

T3色谱柱流动相梯度条件

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时间(min)A(%)B(%)
0.0955
2.08020
5.04060
6.0199
7.5199
7.6955
10.0955
), ArticleFig(id=1261343966126006694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of physicochemical indices of fermented milk between group SW and group S

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项目活菌数(CFU/mL)pH滴定酸度(°T)EPS(mg/mL)乳酸(μg/mL)黏度(mPa·s)
注:不同字母表示两组样品间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
SW组2.7±0.4×108a4.46±0.04b104±1a2.564±0.052a33.92±2.73b1342±11a
S组1.3±0.1×108b4.65±0.02a93±1b2.071±0.077b61.69±1.24a1078±17b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343966805483950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SW组与S组发酵乳的理化指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目活菌数(CFU/mL)pH滴定酸度(°T)EPS(mg/mL)乳酸(μg/mL)黏度(mPa·s)
注:不同字母表示两组样品间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
SW组2.7±0.4×108a4.46±0.04b104±1a2.564±0.052a33.92±2.73b1342±11a
S组1.3±0.1×108b4.65±0.02a93±1b2.071±0.077b61.69±1.24a1078±17b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343967350743477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Statistical results of the number of identified metabolites

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离子模式AllT3_positiveT3_negative
代谢物数量444429921452
二级鉴定代谢物数量367822921386
), ArticleFig(id=1261343968101523901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

鉴定代谢物数目统计结果

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离子模式AllT3_positiveT3_negative
代谢物数量444429921452
二级鉴定代谢物数量367822921386
), ArticleFig(id=1261343968646783426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Main differential metabolites between the SW group and the S group

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序号物质分类物质VIPFC值log2FC
1氨基酸及其代谢物谷氨酸-天门冬酰氨-谷酰氨-谷氨酸1.4614.133.82
2氨基酸及其代谢物L-异亮氨酸-L-谷氨酸1.5513.563.76
3氨基酸及其代谢物组氨酸-丙氨酸-缬氨酸-天门冬氨酸1.5312.813.68
4氨基酸及其代谢物组氨酸-甘氨酸-酪氨酸-缬氨酸-谷氨酸1.4912.623.66
5氨基酸及其代谢物L-亮氨酸1.4811.413.51
6氨基酸及其代谢物L-赖氨酸-L-脯氨酸-L-甘氨酸1.478.043.01
7氨基酸及其代谢物N2-(1-羧乙基)-L-精氨酸1.527.492.90
8氨基酸及其代谢物L-天冬氨酰-L-半胱氨酰-L-色氨酸1.526.852.78
9氨基酸及其代谢物N-乙酰天冬氨酸1.536.772.76
10氨基酸及其代谢物苯乙酰-L-谷氨酰胺1.306.102.61
11氨基酸及其代谢物D-鸟氨酸1.420.19-2.42
12氨基酸及其代谢物L-精氨酰-L-天冬酰胺酰-L-异亮氨酸1.500.18-2.49
13氨基酸及其代谢物L-高胱氨酸1.530.16-2.63
14氨基酸及其代谢物甲硫氨酰-色氨酸-谷氨酸1.450.16-2.68
15氨基酸及其代谢物古氨酸-谷酰胺-甘氨酸1.370.13-2.89
16氨基酸及其代谢物L-亮氨酸-L-丙氨酸1.480.13-2.90
17氨基酸及其代谢物L-组氨酸-L-缬氨酸1.400.12-3.00
18氨基酸及其代谢物半胱氨酸-甘氨酸-天门冬氨酸-缬氨酸-蛋氨酸1.560.12-3.02
19氨基酸及其代谢物L-酪氨酸1.560.12-3.07
20氨基酸及其代谢物N-丙酰甘氨酸1.520.09-3.41
21氨基酸及其代谢物L-亮氨酸-L-谷氨酸1.520.07-3.85
22氨基酸及其代谢物色氨酸-苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸1.430.07-3.88
23氨基酸及其代谢物DL-邻酪氨酸1.430.07-3.91
24氨基酸及其代谢物苏氨酰脯氨酸1.520.06-4.04
25氨基酸及其代谢物L-苹果酸1.550.06-4.15
26有机酸及其衍生物2-羟基-2-甲基丁酸1.5761.705.95
27有机酸及其衍生物马来酸1.5232.115.00
28有机酸及其衍生物氢化肉桂酸1.5713.793.79
29有机酸及其衍生物JWH 018 N-(5-羟基戊基)β-D-葡糖苷酸1.4611.963.58
30有机酸及其衍生物(-)-9,10-二氢茉莉酸1.568.583.10
31有机酸及其衍生物2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸1.577.312.87
32有机酸及其衍生物2-羟基己酸1.577.112.83
33有机酸及其衍生物2-[3-[(4-乙氧基羰基苯基)亚肼基]-6-氧代-1-环己基-1,4-二烯基]乙酸1.496.082.61
34有机酸及其衍生物2-乙基-2-羟基丁酸1.575.562.48
35有机酸及其衍生物吡嗪酰胺1.560.15-2.71
36有机酸及其衍生物异戊烯基磷酸酯1.320.11-3.25
37有机酸及其衍生物3-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸1.460.10-3.26
38有机酸及其衍生物土槿皮乙酸1.530.08-3.66
39有机酸及其衍生物苯丙酮酸1.560.07-3.77
40苯及其衍生物苯甲酸1.5633.025.05
41苯及其衍生物1-(萘-2-基)-2-[(6-硝基-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-基)硫烷基]乙酮1.5217.684.14
42苯及其衍生物苯乙醛酸1.577.732.95
43苯及其衍生物二苯膦酸1.507.172.84
44苯及其衍生物乙酸苄酯1.537.092.83
45苯及其衍生物4-[[4-(4-氯苯基)-2-噻唑基]氨基]苯酚1.555.822.54
46苯及其衍生物4-甲基儿茶酚1.410.15-2.72
47苯及其衍生物2-羟基肉桂酸1.550.14-2.84
48苯及其衍生物2-[(1-{3-[4-(联苯-4-基羰基)-2-丙基苯氧基]丙基}-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉-5-基)氧基]-2-甲基丙酸1.420.14-2.86
49苯及其衍生物4-香豆酸1.560.13-2.92
50苯及其衍生物邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯1.240.06-3.97
51苯及其衍生物5-(3-羧基苯甲酰基)-2-((6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-己烯基)氧基)苯丙酸1.530.05-4.37
52杂环化合物乙酰氨基酚1.5419.594.29
53杂环化合物2-己基-4-乙酰氧基四氢呋喃1.557.682.94
54杂环化合物2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙醛1.505.732.52
55杂环化合物5-氯-3-(4-甲基磺酰基苯基)-2-吡啶-3-基吡啶1.555.632.49
56杂环化合物三乙烯磷酰胺1.475.502.46
57杂环化合物吲哚-3-乙酰胺1.410.08-3.58
58醛、酮、酯类N-乙酰-L-谷氨酸-5- 半醛1.5218.154.18
59醛、酮、酯类DL-甲羟戊酸内酯1.506.072.60
60醛、酮、酯类乙酰乙酸甲酯1.515.972.58
61核苷酸及其代谢物UDP-N-乙酰氨基甲酸酯1.5510.713.42
62核苷酸及其代谢物尿苷5'-三磷酸1.507.582.92
63核苷酸及其代谢物烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸1.475.522.47
64核苷酸及其代谢物UDP-葡萄糖1.555.342.42
65碳水化合物及其代谢物葡萄糖醛酸1.5012.503.64
66碳水化合物及其代谢物赤藓糖醇1.515.722.52
67醇、胺类1,5-己二醇1.567.792.96
), ArticleFig(id=1261343970542608841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343854834344395, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

SW组和S组的主要差异代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号物质分类物质VIPFC值log2FC
1氨基酸及其代谢物谷氨酸-天门冬酰氨-谷酰氨-谷氨酸1.4614.133.82
2氨基酸及其代谢物L-异亮氨酸-L-谷氨酸1.5513.563.76
3氨基酸及其代谢物组氨酸-丙氨酸-缬氨酸-天门冬氨酸1.5312.813.68
4氨基酸及其代谢物组氨酸-甘氨酸-酪氨酸-缬氨酸-谷氨酸1.4912.623.66
5氨基酸及其代谢物L-亮氨酸1.4811.413.51
6氨基酸及其代谢物L-赖氨酸-L-脯氨酸-L-甘氨酸1.478.043.01
7氨基酸及其代谢物N2-(1-羧乙基)-L-精氨酸1.527.492.90
8氨基酸及其代谢物L-天冬氨酰-L-半胱氨酰-L-色氨酸1.526.852.78
9氨基酸及其代谢物N-乙酰天冬氨酸1.536.772.76
10氨基酸及其代谢物苯乙酰-L-谷氨酰胺1.306.102.61
11氨基酸及其代谢物D-鸟氨酸1.420.19-2.42
12氨基酸及其代谢物L-精氨酰-L-天冬酰胺酰-L-异亮氨酸1.500.18-2.49
13氨基酸及其代谢物L-高胱氨酸1.530.16-2.63
14氨基酸及其代谢物甲硫氨酰-色氨酸-谷氨酸1.450.16-2.68
15氨基酸及其代谢物古氨酸-谷酰胺-甘氨酸1.370.13-2.89
16氨基酸及其代谢物L-亮氨酸-L-丙氨酸1.480.13-2.90
17氨基酸及其代谢物L-组氨酸-L-缬氨酸1.400.12-3.00
18氨基酸及其代谢物半胱氨酸-甘氨酸-天门冬氨酸-缬氨酸-蛋氨酸1.560.12-3.02
19氨基酸及其代谢物L-酪氨酸1.560.12-3.07
20氨基酸及其代谢物N-丙酰甘氨酸1.520.09-3.41
21氨基酸及其代谢物L-亮氨酸-L-谷氨酸1.520.07-3.85
22氨基酸及其代谢物色氨酸-苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸1.430.07-3.88
23氨基酸及其代谢物DL-邻酪氨酸1.430.07-3.91
24氨基酸及其代谢物苏氨酰脯氨酸1.520.06-4.04
25氨基酸及其代谢物L-苹果酸1.550.06-4.15
26有机酸及其衍生物2-羟基-2-甲基丁酸1.5761.705.95
27有机酸及其衍生物马来酸1.5232.115.00
28有机酸及其衍生物氢化肉桂酸1.5713.793.79
29有机酸及其衍生物JWH 018 N-(5-羟基戊基)β-D-葡糖苷酸1.4611.963.58
30有机酸及其衍生物(-)-9,10-二氢茉莉酸1.568.583.10
31有机酸及其衍生物2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸1.577.312.87
32有机酸及其衍生物2-羟基己酸1.577.112.83
33有机酸及其衍生物2-[3-[(4-乙氧基羰基苯基)亚肼基]-6-氧代-1-环己基-1,4-二烯基]乙酸1.496.082.61
34有机酸及其衍生物2-乙基-2-羟基丁酸1.575.562.48
35有机酸及其衍生物吡嗪酰胺1.560.15-2.71
36有机酸及其衍生物异戊烯基磷酸酯1.320.11-3.25
37有机酸及其衍生物3-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸1.460.10-3.26
38有机酸及其衍生物土槿皮乙酸1.530.08-3.66
39有机酸及其衍生物苯丙酮酸1.560.07-3.77
40苯及其衍生物苯甲酸1.5633.025.05
41苯及其衍生物1-(萘-2-基)-2-[(6-硝基-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-基)硫烷基]乙酮1.5217.684.14
42苯及其衍生物苯乙醛酸1.577.732.95
43苯及其衍生物二苯膦酸1.507.172.84
44苯及其衍生物乙酸苄酯1.537.092.83
45苯及其衍生物4-[[4-(4-氯苯基)-2-噻唑基]氨基]苯酚1.555.822.54
46苯及其衍生物4-甲基儿茶酚1.410.15-2.72
47苯及其衍生物2-羟基肉桂酸1.550.14-2.84
48苯及其衍生物2-[(1-{3-[4-(联苯-4-基羰基)-2-丙基苯氧基]丙基}-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉-5-基)氧基]-2-甲基丙酸1.420.14-2.86
49苯及其衍生物4-香豆酸1.560.13-2.92
50苯及其衍生物邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯1.240.06-3.97
51苯及其衍生物5-(3-羧基苯甲酰基)-2-((6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-己烯基)氧基)苯丙酸1.530.05-4.37
52杂环化合物乙酰氨基酚1.5419.594.29
53杂环化合物2-己基-4-乙酰氧基四氢呋喃1.557.682.94
54杂环化合物2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙醛1.505.732.52
55杂环化合物5-氯-3-(4-甲基磺酰基苯基)-2-吡啶-3-基吡啶1.555.632.49
56杂环化合物三乙烯磷酰胺1.475.502.46
57杂环化合物吲哚-3-乙酰胺1.410.08-3.58
58醛、酮、酯类N-乙酰-L-谷氨酸-5- 半醛1.5218.154.18
59醛、酮、酯类DL-甲羟戊酸内酯1.506.072.60
60醛、酮、酯类乙酰乙酸甲酯1.515.972.58
61核苷酸及其代谢物UDP-N-乙酰氨基甲酸酯1.5510.713.42
62核苷酸及其代谢物尿苷5'-三磷酸1.507.582.92
63核苷酸及其代谢物烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸1.475.522.47
64核苷酸及其代谢物UDP-葡萄糖1.555.342.42
65碳水化合物及其代谢物葡萄糖醛酸1.5012.503.64
66碳水化合物及其代谢物赤藓糖醇1.515.722.52
67醇、胺类1,5-己二醇1.567.792.96
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戊糖乳杆菌协同商业菌株(SW)对发酵乳制品品质的影响
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刘世申 1, 2 , 韩喆 1, 2 , 王贝贝 1, 2 , 牛希跃 1, 2 , 张轶腾 3 , 王欢 3 , 许倩 *, 1, 2 , 谢兵 *, 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(9): 203-212
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食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026, 47(9): 203-212
戊糖乳杆菌协同商业菌株(SW)对发酵乳制品品质的影响
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刘世申1, 2 , 韩喆1, 2, 王贝贝1, 2, 牛希跃1, 2, 张轶腾3, 王欢3, 许倩*, 1, 2 , 谢兵*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.塔里木大学食品科学与工程学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
  • 2.南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
  • 3.阿拉尔新农乳业有限责任公司,新疆阿拉尔 843300
  • 刘世申(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

通讯作者:

许倩(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工技术,E-mail:
谢兵(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:果蔬采后生物学与贮藏保鲜技术,E-mail:
Synergistic Effect of Lactobacillus pentosus and Commercial Strains (SW) on the Quality of Fermented Dairy Products
Shishen LIU1, 2 , Zhe HAN1, 2, Beibei WANG1, 2, Xiyue NIU1, 2, Yiteng ZHANG3, Huan WANG3, Qian XU*, 1, 2 , Bing XIE*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
  • 2.Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Special Agricultural Products Further Processing in Southern Xinjiang, Alar 843300, China
  • 3.Xinnong Dairy Co., Ltd., Alar 843300, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050314
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本研究旨在筛选高产胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharides,EPS)的乳酸菌发酵剂并解析其代谢机制。通过测定9株实验室产EPS乳酸菌与商业菌混菌发酵的EPS含量,筛选出最优发酵剂SW组(实验室15号戊糖乳杆菌与商业菌复配),其发酵脱脂乳的EPS含量和黏度显著(P<0.05)高于对照组(S组)。结合理化分析与LC-MS非靶向代谢组学,共鉴定出67种差异代谢物(上调40种/下调27种)。代谢分析显示,精氨酸生物合成通路激活(精氨酸及前体NAGSA上调、鸟氨酸下调),伴随必需氨基酸L-亮氨酸显著上调;2-羟基己酸、氢化肉桂酸等有机酸调节酸度,苯甲酸积累利于延长货架期;EPS合成前体物质UDP-葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸上调,推测其合成以UDP-葡萄糖、UDP-葡萄糖醛酸与GDP-甘露糖的糖苷键连接为主。通路富集表明,辅因子生物合成通路主导EPS代谢流,苯丙氨酸代谢提供营养,精氨酸生物合成促进功能成分积累。本研究揭示了SW组通过多途径代谢调控提升其营养价值、抑菌效果以及EPS产量等,实现产品的质构改善和营养强化,为发酵食品品质优化提供理论依据。

胞外多糖  /  乳酸菌  /  代谢组学  /  EPS合成  /  通路富集

This study aimed to screen lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starters with high exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and to analyze their metabolic mechanisms. By assessing the EPS content in fermented skim milk co-cultured with nine laboratory-isolated EPS-producing LAB strains and commercial strains, the optimal starter (designated as the SW group) was identified as a composite of the laboratory-isolated Lactobacillus pentosus strain 15 and commercial strains. The EPS content and viscosity of skim milk fermented by the SW group were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those observed in the control group (S group). Through the integration of physicochemical analysis and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics, a total of 67 differential metabolites were identified, comprising 40 upregulated and 27 downregulated metabolites. Metabolic analysis indicated activation of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, as demonstrated by the upregulation of arginine and its precursor N-acetylglutamate-5-semialdehyde (NAGSA), alongside the downregulation of ornithine. Concurrently, the essential amino acid L-leucine was significantly upregulated. Organic acids, including 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid and hydrocinnamic acid, were found to modulate acidity, while the accumulation of benzoic acid contributed positively to shelf life extension. Furthermore, the upregulation of EPS synthesis precursors, specifically UDP-glucose and glucuronic acid, indicated that EPS synthesis predominantly involved glycosidic bond linkages among UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid, and GDP-mannose. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the cofactor biosynthesis pathway was the primary driver of the metabolic flux of EPS, with phenylalanine metabolism supplying essential nutrients and arginine biosynthesis facilitating the accumulation of functional components. Collectively, this study elucidated that the SW group enhanced nutritional value, antibacterial efficacy, and EPS production through multi-pathway metabolic regulation, thereby improving product texture and nutritional fortification. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for optimizing the quality of fermented foods.

exopolysaccharides  /  lactic acid bacteria  /  metabolomics  /  EPS synthesis  /  pathway enrichment
刘世申, 韩喆, 王贝贝, 牛希跃, 张轶腾, 王欢, 许倩, 谢兵. 戊糖乳杆菌协同商业菌株(SW)对发酵乳制品品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 203 -212 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050314
Shishen LIU, Zhe HAN, Beibei WANG, Xiyue NIU, Yiteng ZHANG, Huan WANG, Qian XU, Bing XIE. Synergistic Effect of Lactobacillus pentosus and Commercial Strains (SW) on the Quality of Fermented Dairy Products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 203 -212 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050314
乳酸菌(LAB)作为革兰氏阳性(G+)细菌,其细胞壁以肽聚糖为主要成分,在人体肠道内可通过糖酵解途径快速代谢糖类生成乳酸,兼具降胆固醇、抗肿瘤、改善乳糖不耐受及促进新陈代谢等多重生理功能[12]。其分泌的胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharides,EPS)不仅具有益生特性,还在抗肿瘤、抗氧化及免疫调节等领域展现出重要应用价值[35]。刘晶等[6]研究表明,葡萄糖可促进保加利亚乳杆菌产EPS,而EPS的积累又能反向促进乳酸菌生长,揭示了碳源代谢与微生物增殖的协同机制。近年来,混菌发酵因其代谢产物多样性及功能协同性成为研究热点。刘学云等[7]和唐凯伟等[8]的研究均证实,混菌发酵在产酸能力及产品品质上显著优于单菌发酵,凸显了菌株间互作效应的重要性。基于此,通过不同菌株复配构建功能强化型发酵剂成为提升发酵食品性能的关键方向。然而,不同乳酸菌在相同发酵条件下代谢谱差异显著,解析多菌株互作机制及与基础发酵剂的代谢协同关系仍面临挑战。
代谢组学作为高通量分析技术,通过靶向或非靶向策略(如HPLC-MS、GC-MS)可系统解析微生物代谢网络动态。例如,陈永雄[9]结合肠道微生态学与代谢组学,证实复合益生菌通过调节肠道菌群丰度(增加有益菌、减少有害菌)发挥免疫增强作用。诸多学者进一步通过代谢组学揭示了混菌发酵优于单菌体系的代谢机制[1011],但针对高产EPS乳酸菌与商业菌复配体系的代谢调控机制仍需深入探究。高产胞外多糖乳酸菌发酵剂的研究,为开发新型健康饮品提供了新的思路和方法。通过筛选出具有优良功能特性的高产EPS乳酸菌发酵剂,将这种发酵剂应用于发酵乳饮料的研制,不仅可以改善饮料的质地和口感,还能增强其营养价值和功能性。未来研究应进一步探索乳酸菌EPS的结构与功能关系,优化生产工艺,开发更多种类的发酵乳饮料,以满足消费者多样化的需求。
本研究以筛选高产EPS乳酸菌复配发酵剂为目标,通过实验室菌株与商业菌的单菌/混菌发酵对比,结合非靶向代谢组学技术鉴定差异代谢物,旨在阐明高产EPS乳酸菌对商业益生菌代谢网络的调控机制,为功能性发酵剂的定向设计提供理论依据。
实验室菌株 塔里木大学食品科学与工程学院实验室所保藏的9株乳酸菌;商业菌(保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌) 北京川秀科技有限公司;MRS肉汤 北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司;脱脂乳粉    阿拉尔新农乳业有限责任公司。
PHS-2F pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;LE203/02电子天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;HH-501超级恒温水浴 江苏金怡仪器科技有限公司;XW-80A微型旋涡混合仪 上海泸西分析仪器厂有限公司;SW-CJ-2F净化工作台 上海博讯实业有限公司医疗设备厂;TGL-20bR离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂;HW6-1J恒温培养箱 浙江普托仪器有限公司;YXQ-LS-50SII灭菌锅 上海申安医疗器械厂;Synergy H1酶标仪 美国BioTek仪器有限公司;MZ-NDJ-8S数显旋转粘度计 秒准科学仪器(深圳)有限公司。
将冻干商业菌粉在37 ℃、24 h的条件下活化培养后,再与实验室9株乳酸菌进行混菌培养(混菌比例为1:1),相同条件下活化1次后,接种到新鲜的培养基上,并将OD值调至接近于0.1,再进行培养测其生长曲线,从培养1 h后开始测定,每2 h测一次OD600值,持续培养23 h,同时做三个平行,得到商业菌粉在单一发酵和其与实验室乳酸菌菌株混菌发酵时的生长曲线,菌株代号如表1所示。
配制10%(w/v)脱脂乳液,115 ℃高压灭菌 15 min,冷却至室温备用;分别设置三组接种处理:商业菌单独接种(4%,v/v)、实验室菌单独接种(4%,v/v)、商业菌与实验室菌混合接种(各2%,v/v,总接种量4%),各组均于37 ℃静置发酵12 h制备发酵剂,4 ℃冷藏备用。
参考魏晨佳等[12]和Yadav等[13]的方法并略作改动,用5 mL的蒸馏水稀释以降低发酵剂的黏度,4 ℃,12000×g,离心15 min,得到上清液,加入三氯乙酸(TCA)溶液进行脱蛋白,使其最终浓度为4%,混匀,4 ℃静置6~8 h。4 ℃,12000×g,离心30 min,以分离和除去沉淀的蛋白质。将三倍体积的无水乙醇与上清液混合,4 ℃静置过夜。13000×g离心15 min以收集沉淀物胞外多糖。将沉淀用蒸馏水溶解后离心取上清液,采用截留分子量为8 kDa的透析袋于4 ℃透析48 h,每6 h更换一次蒸馏水。
采用苯酚-硫酸法[14]测定胞外多糖的含量,以吸光度A为纵坐标、葡萄糖含量为横坐标来绘制其标准曲线,得标曲方程为y=0.1034x−0.1001,R2为0.9993>0.99,说明该曲线具有良好的线性关系,此实验具有可靠性,可利用该标准曲线来计算样品所产生的胞外多糖含量。
基于上述实验,筛选出一株胞外多糖产量较高且显著优于商业菌株的实验室菌株,在相同发酵条件下,分别进行商业菌悬液单一发酵和该高产EPS实验室菌株与商业菌株的混合发酵(37 ℃发酵 12 h),以活菌数、pH、滴定酸度、胞外多糖含量、乳酸含量和黏度为指标,评估发酵剂的理化性质。
参考GB 4789.2-2022[15]测定该发酵剂的活菌数。
参考GB 5009.237-2016[16]测定该发酵剂的pH。
参考GB 5009.239-2016[17]测定该发酵剂的滴定酸度。
参照高茜[18]的方法并稍作修改来测定该发酵剂的乳酸含量:取5 mL样品在4 ℃、8000 r/min下离心10 min,取1 mL上清液加入32 μL高氯酸并混匀,−20 ℃放置20 min,4 ℃,10000 r/min离心10 min,用0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,进样体积为10 μL进行HPLC分析。
采用粘度计测定该发酵剂的黏度。
利用非靶向代谢组学[1921]进行差异代谢物的筛选和代谢通路的富集及分析来研究一株高产胞外多糖的实验室菌株对商业菌株代谢产物的影响。
将所筛选的菌株经活化后分别进行单菌和混菌发酵,37 ℃发酵至凝固即为代谢组样品的取样点,取样时采用无菌操作,将凝固后的发酵样品充分均质混匀,再用无菌移液管准确量取5 mL至无菌离心管中,在−80 ℃预冻24 h后,送至迈维代谢公司进行测定。其质谱条件为离子化电压(正离子模式ESI+)5000 V或(负离子模式ESI)−4000 V,离子源温度(ESI+)550 ℃或(ESI)450 ℃,喷雾气50 psi,气帘气35 psi,辅助加热气60 psi;色谱采集条件为色谱柱:Waters ACQUITY Premier HSS T3 Column 1.8 µm,2.1 mm×100 mm,流动相A为0.1%甲酸/水,流动相B为0.1%甲酸/乙腈,流动相梯度洗脱条件见表2,仪器柱温为40 ℃,流速为0.4 mL/min,进样量为4 μL。
采用Excel 2021整理数据、IBM SPSS Statistics 26进行显著性分析、Origin 2021和GraphPad Prism 8.0.2分析与绘图,代谢组学数据利用MetaboAnalyst进行单变量统计分析(以Fold Change,即FC值为衡量标准)与多变量统计分析(运用Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis,简称PLS-DA方法)。
由于发酵乳pH低,霉菌是导致其腐败变质常见的微生物,为验证利用本研究的发酵剂发酵乳制品在常温敞口的条件下其中物质的抑菌效果,将SW组和S组发酵剂分别接种到9瓶纯牛奶中,使其发酵成凝固型酸奶后,在室内进行常温敞口放置5 d,观察其染菌情况。
除代谢组学分析采用6次生物学重复外,所有数据均以3次生物学重复的平均值±标准差表示。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。图像均用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2软件绘制。
通过测定实验室9株产胞外多糖乳酸菌和商业菌在混合培养条件下的生长曲线,确定在不同时间段每种菌株的生长情况,以确定每种菌株的对数生长期,同时了解添加实验室菌株对商业菌粉生长情况的影响。结果如图1所示,3~13 h处于对数生长期,在此阶段,菌株的生长旺盛,适用于后续的接种试验;此外,添加实验室菌株的OD600值均高于商业菌粉的OD600值,说明实验室菌株可能会促进商业菌株的生长。
图2可知,3号、4号、6号、11号和18号这5组的混合菌种EPS产量低于实验室菌种,表明以上5种菌株与商业菌粉混菌培养时对产EPS的效果有抑制作用,使EPS产量降低;而1号、8号、10号和15号4组的混合菌种胞外多糖产量高于实验室菌种,表明以上4种菌株与商业菌粉混菌培养时对产EPS的效果有促进作用,使EPS产量增加,其中SW(S+15号的混合菌种)组胞外多糖的产量极显著上升(P<0.001),且显著高于其他混合菌种(P<0.05)。因此,选用SW组来配制高产胞外多糖乳酸菌发酵剂,以备后续实验。
参照1.2.2节方法,将SW组(实验室15号戊糖乳杆菌+商业菌)与S组(商业菌)发酵剂分别接种10%脱脂乳(37 ℃发酵12 h)制备凝固型发酵乳,测定其核心理化指标(活菌数、pH、滴定酸度、EPS含量、乳酸含量及黏度),以明确高产EPS菌株对发酵乳品质的调控作用,结果如表3所示。由表3可知,SW组发酵乳在多项核心理化指标上显著优于S组(P<0.05)。SW组活菌数达2.7±0.4×108 CFU/mL,显著高于S组(1.3±0.1×108 CFU/mL),推测15号戊糖乳杆菌与商业菌存在协同增殖效应,为发酵乳的益生菌活性及相关生理功效提供保障。SW组pH(4.46±0.04)显著低于S组(4.65±0.02),滴定酸度(104°T±1°T)显著高于S组(93°T±1°T)(P<0.05),既符合发酵乳的感官接受度,又能通过较低pH抑制杂菌生长,提升产品稳定性。SW组EPS含量(2.564±0.052 mg/mL)与黏度(1342±11 mPa·s)均显著高于S组(EPS:2.071±0.077 mg/mL;黏度:1078±17 mPa·s)(P<0.05),EPS作为亲水性高分子多糖,可通过氢键与水分子结合形成三维网络结构,提升体系黏度与持水性,同时使发酵乳质地更均匀细腻,赋予产品良好的顺滑口感[22]。SW组乳酸含量(33.92±2.73 μg/mL)虽显著低于S组(61.69±1.24 μg/mL)(P<0.05),但总滴定酸度仍保持优势,SW组可能通过积累2-羟基己酸、氢化肉桂酸等特色有机酸(见2.4.4节)调控整体酸度,避免单一乳酸过高导致的酸涩感。
在正离子和负离子的模式下,通过超高效液相色谱质谱联用技术(LC/LC-MS)分析了SW组和S组的代谢物成分,确定其非靶向性代谢产物的差异。本试验共检测到4444个代谢物,其中包括1087种氨基酸及其代谢物、474种杂环化合物、373种有机酸及其衍生物、112种核苷酸及其代谢物、102种碳水化合物及其代谢物、712种苯及其衍生物、80种生物碱等多种物质,通过二级质谱鉴定代谢物,鉴定出正离子2292个代谢物和负离子1386个代谢物,见表4
在代谢组学中,总离子流图(TIC)是一种重要的分析工具,用于展示样品中所有离子强度随时间或扫描次数的变化,其能够直观地反映样品中整体代谢物的存在和相对丰度变化[2324]。两组样本通过LC-MS测定分析,得到QC样本正、负离子模式的TIC 图(如图3)。结果显示,通过代谢物检测两组样本的TIC曲线重叠性高,且各色谱峰的信号强度和出峰时间均一致,表明该仪器具有较好的稳定性,试验数据的可靠性高。
主成分分析(PCA)是一种数据统计分析方法,通过线性变换将原始高维数据转换为低维数据,且尽可能保留主要信息。主成分是原始变量的线性组合,方差最大的方向(PC1)为第一主成分,PC2为第二主成分,以此类推,可反映数据内部结构[25]。发酵乳样本的 PCA 如图4所示,PC1、PC2、PC3的贡献率分别为 41.17%、11.4%、10.91%,累计贡献率为63.48%,能在一定程度上代表主要信息;图4中SW组和S组的组内样本均能较好聚类,表明同一组内发酵乳的代谢特征具有相似性,且两组样本分离程度良好,反映出SW组与S组存在明显的代谢特征差异。
经PCA提取主要信息后,采用偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)进行有监督降维,将高维数据投影至低维空间,既保留主要变异,又能区分不同类别,从而建立数学模型归纳样本代谢谱特点。PLS-DA适用于高维小样本数据,可挖掘自变量与因变量的相关性;基于该模型绘制的得分图,能直观展示样本在模型中的分布及组间、组内差异[26]
对SW组和S组的两组样本数据进行PLS-DA分析,由图5的PLS-DA得分图可看出,SW组和S组的组内样本能较好地聚类在一起,表明同一水平下发酵的代谢特征相似。SW组和S组的样本数据分别位于图的两侧,且这两种发酵剂的样品组间距离相对较远,表明两组样本在图中分离程度较好,不需要进一步验证;同时说明这两组样品之间存在显著差异,即表明SW组与S组发酵脱脂乳的代谢产物具有显著差异。
PLS-DA模型的预测参数包括R2X、R2Y和Q2,其中R2X和R2Y分别表示所建模型对X和Y矩阵的解释率,Q2表示模型的预测能力,这三个指标越接近于1表示模型越稳定可靠,当Q2>0.9时为出色的模型[24]。对该模型进行置信检验,图6结果显示,R2Y和Q2P值均小于0.05,且R2Y=0.999、Q2=0.99,均大于0.9,说明原模型在统计学上显著优于随机模型,模型的可信度较高,不存在过度拟合现象,可以解释两组样品的代谢差异,能够找出有差异性表达的代谢物。
在代谢组学研究中,饼状图能识别两组样本的代谢物分布情况及其占比,了解它们在整体代谢中的相对重要性[25]。从图7中可以看出,主要的代谢产物为:氨基酸及其代谢物(26.59%)、苯及其取代衍生物(14.48%)、杂环化合物(9%)、醛类、酮类、酯类(7.29%)、有机酸及其衍生物(6.56%)等。氨基酸及其代谢物的高占比,与乳酸菌发酵中蛋白质降解、氨基酸代谢活跃的特征一致,既为菌体增殖(SW组活菌数更高)和代谢产物合成提供了物质基础,也为发酵乳的风味和营养特性提供了支撑[24];苯及其取代衍生物与杂环化合物多与风味前体、生物活性物质相关[27],其较高占比提示两组发酵乳可能具备丰富的感官特性和潜在生理活性,而SW组在EPS等指标上的优势,也与代谢网络的活跃程度相呼应;结合SW组乳酸含量较低但总酸度仍占优的结果,可推测有机酸及其衍生物的多样性(如2-羟基己酸、氢化肉桂酸等特色有机酸)是调控酸度和改善口感的关键,这也与整体代谢物分布中有机酸类的占比相匹配。
火山图主要展示了代谢物在两组样品中的相对含量差异以及在统计学上差异的显著性[2324]。在图8中通过将各类代谢物的差异倍数(FC值)、P值和VIP值综合起来,直观地呈现出存在显著差异的代谢物。本试验对实验室15号菌戊糖乳杆菌与商业菌种共发酵和商业菌种单独发酵的两组样品中代谢成分的差异倍数变化进行对比,以VIP>1、P-value<0.05和log2(FC)≥1作为筛选差异代谢物的标准,筛选出了1497种差异代谢物,其中上调的有786种代谢物,下调的有711种代谢物。
在火山图的基础上,由于log2|FC|≥2的代谢物较多,以log2|FC|≥2.4为指标,筛选出具有显著差异的代谢物共67种,如表5所示,上升的物质有40种,主要包括氨基酸及其代谢物10种,有机酸及其衍生物9种,苯及其衍生物6种,杂环化合物5种,醛、酮、酯类3种,核苷酸及其代谢物4种,碳水化合物及其代谢物2种,醇、胺类1种;下降的物质有27种,主要包括氨基酸及其代谢物15种,有机酸及其衍生物5种,苯及其衍生物6种,杂环化合物1种。Ter等[27]和Shi等[28]研究表明LAB可将蛋白质水解为多种氨基酸等小分子物质,可显著提升游离氨基酸及生物活性肽的含量,为菌株增殖提供氮源与能量,并通过调控代谢影响发酵产物品质。SW 组发酵剂通过调控氨基酸代谢,调整了部分氨基酸代谢物的合成或积累。本研究中SW组的精氨酸及前体物质N-乙酰-L-谷氨酸-5-半醛(NAGSA)显著上调,鸟氨酸呈下调趋势;研究显示,NAGSA经乙酰鸟氨酸转氨酶和鸟氨酸乙酰转移酶催化生成鸟氨酸,后者进一步通过乙酰鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶、精氨酸琥珀酸合成酶及裂解酶的级联反应生成精氨酸[29];连战等[30]表明,精氨酸作为碱性氨基酸,兼具免疫增强与抗疲劳功能,上述代谢通路的激活可能使SW组发酵剂兼具功能性。此外,上调的差异代谢物中L-亮氨酸作为人体必需氨基酸,兼具多重功能,郝亚男[31]研究证实其不仅作为蛋白质生物合成的关键底物,还可维持葡萄糖稳态并调节脂质代谢,强化了SW组发酵剂在氨基酸代谢层面的营养特性。
在有机酸及其衍生物中,9种有机酸的上调(2-羟基-2-甲基丁酸、2-羟基己酸、马来酸、氢化肉桂酸等)和5种有机酸的下调,反映SW组发酵剂对有机酸合成的选择性强化与抑制,可能影响发酵产物的酸碱平衡以及感官品质。在苯及其衍生物中苯甲酸上调,Ter等[27]表明微生物的代谢产物中苯甲酸可作防腐剂,能够防止食品变质,因此苯甲酸含量的增加,可延长食品的货架期。如图9所示,常温敞口放置5 d后其染菌情况为:SW组发酵的酸奶1瓶发生严重霉变,4瓶轻微霉变;而S组则有5瓶发生严重霉变,3瓶轻微霉变。该实验验证了SW组发酵剂的抑菌效果优于S组。
在差异代谢物中,UDP-葡萄糖(核苷酸类)与葡萄糖醛酸(碳水化合物类)作为EPS合成的关键前体物质,其代谢通路如下:乳酸菌(LAB)通过糖酵解将葡萄糖转化为葡萄糖-6-磷酸,经变位酶/异构酶作用生成葡萄糖-1-磷酸和甘露糖-6-磷酸,前者在转移酶催化下形成UDP-葡萄糖,后者转化为GDP-甘露糖;UDP-葡萄糖进一步经脱氢酶作用生成UDP-葡萄糖醛酸[32]。Ge等[33]研究表明,瑞士乳杆菌发酵赛兰酸奶的EPS由甘露糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸等7种单糖组成,其结构特性显著改善了酸奶质构。结合本研究结果,SW组UDP-葡萄糖与葡萄糖醛酸显著上调(甘露糖存在但无显著变化),推测其EPS合成途径为:多个UDP-葡萄糖、UDP-葡萄糖醛酸与GDP-甘露糖通过糖苷键连接形成长链多糖,与文献[32]报道的功能性EPS结构特征一致。研究表明,EPS可提高发酵产物的黏度,使得SW组发酵剂相较于S组的黏度显著提高,其结果见表3
KEGG通过系统注释差异代谢物所属通路,可精准定位微生物代谢调控的关键节点。本研究通过KEGG数据库对SW组和S组样品的差异代谢产物进行注释,共得到143条代谢途径,其中新陈代谢相关途径有126条、细胞过程8条、环境信息处理1条、遗传信息处理4条以及有机体系统4条,其中新陈代谢通路占比最高(88.1%),涵盖能量代谢、物质转化等核心生物学过程,表明两组样品在菌株代谢活性及环境适应性上存在显著分化。进一步通过富集分析(图10)筛选出前20条显著差异通路。王道滇等[34]阐述了LAB可通过氨基酸代谢影响发酵产物的风味品质(如氨基酸作为风味前体物质,可进一步转化为醛类、酮类、含硫化合物等挥发性风味成分)。本研究中苯丙氨酸代谢、氨基酸生物合成、氨酰-tRNA生物合成、精氨酸生物合成等代谢通路被显著富集,伴随L-亮氨酸、精氨酸及N-乙酰-L-谷氨酸-5-半醛(NAGSA)等氨基酸及其代谢物的上调(表5),为SW组发酵产物可能的风味改善提供了代谢层面的潜在依据;同时,该通路富集直接关联SW组发酵产物的营养品质(如必需氨基酸含量提升,更易消化吸收)和功能价值(精氨酸的免疫调节、抗疲劳功能[30])。差异代谢物质中马来酸、氢化肉桂酸等9种有机酸上调,涉及2-氧羧酸代谢、碳代谢和芳香族化合物降解等通路:一方面参与能量供应,为菌株代谢活动提供支撑,进而提升发酵产物的品质稳定性;另一方面,作为发酵食品的重要风味前体物质,可为风味形成(如马来酸关联酸味、氢化肉桂酸可能贡献香气)提供代谢层面的潜在依据[27,34]。苯甲酸(防腐[27])等上调代谢物,关联苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸生物合成等通路,影响着SW组发酵产物的腐败变质。此外,辅因子生物合成通路(气泡颜色最深、体积最大)富集程度最高,包含UDP-葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸等EPS合成前体,直接关联EPS合成的代谢流调控,具有核心研究价值;通路富集特征通过差异代谢物丰度(气泡大小)及极显著P值(气泡颜色)可视化呈现,清晰揭示辅因子合成途径在EPS代谢调控中的关键作用,为解析两组样品的代谢差异及内在机制提供重要依据。
本研究通过筛选获得高产EPS乳酸菌发酵剂(戊糖乳杆菌+商业菌,SW),其理化指标测定显示SW组活菌数、产酸能力及EPS合成显著优于S组。结合代谢组学分析,共鉴定出67种显著性差异代谢物(上调40种/下调27种),其中,UDP-葡萄糖与葡萄糖醛酸等核苷酸糖代谢物显著上调(KEGG富集于辅因子生物合成通路),其作为EPS合成前体物质,直接促进EPS合成,显著提升发酵产品的黏度;有机酸(马来酸、氢化肉桂酸等)与苯甲酸协同调控酸度并延长货架期;必需氨基酸L-亮氨酸(调节蛋白质合成)与精氨酸(免疫调节功能)通过精氨酸生物合成通路协同增强产品营养价值。综上,SW组发酵剂通过多种代谢物协同作用,实现产品的质构改善和营养强化,为功能性发酵乳制品的开发提供理论依据。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050314
  • 接收时间:2025-06-01
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-01
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    1.塔里木大学食品科学与工程学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
    2.南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
    3.阿拉尔新农乳业有限责任公司,新疆阿拉尔 843300

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许倩(1980−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工技术,E-mail:
谢兵(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:果蔬采后生物学与贮藏保鲜技术,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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