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Article(id=1261343853299286157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120196, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734364800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657409261, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657409261, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657409261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657409261, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=389, endPage=400, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343864015732939, articleId=1261343853299286157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Hypolipidemic Effects of Active Substances from Laminaria japonica on Caenorhabditis elegans, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to extract the active substance from Laminaria japonica (L. japonica) and evaluate their composition and hypolipidemic activity. The alcohol extract of L. japonica (LJA), water extract of L. japonica (LJW), enzymic hydrolysates of L. japonica (LJE) and dietary fiber extract of L. japonica (LJDF) were prepared by using different polar solvents combined with ultrasound-assisted alcohol extraction, water extraction, complex proteolytic enzymes and sodium carbonate acid, and their composition was analyzed. The above four active substances were mixed to obtain the total active substances of L. japonica (LJM). This study adopted C. elegans as a model organism to investigate the effects of bioactive compounds derived from L. japonica on lipid metabolism-related biochemical parameters and Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription levels. The result revealed that the main components of LJA included choline, phospholipids, pyrimidines, terpenoids, arachidonic acid, steroids, polyphenols and disaccharides; LJW mainly consisted of two polysaccharides with molecular weights of 368.0 kDa and 1.0 kDa, with monosaccharide composition of glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose and arabinose; LJE mainly consisted of protein active peptides, containing six proteins (YP_006639117.1, AIW62928.1, WDS74817.1, WDS74887.1, QBF51285.1 and ABB80121.1), 43 peptides; LJDF mainly consisted of two polysaccharides with molecular weights of 717.073 kDa and 11.502 kDa, with monosaccharide composition of mannose aldehyde, gulonose aldehyde, galactose and fucose. The result of C. elegans experiments demonstrated that the L. japonica active substances significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.01). Meanwhile, these substances also increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels (P<0.01). At the mRNA transcription level, the L. japonica active substances significantly upregulated genes NHR-49, FAT-5, FAT-6, FAT-7, DAF-2, and DAF-16 (P<0.01). Conversely, the substances significantly downregulated genes MOD-1, ACS-2, and AGE-1 (P<0.01). This suggested that the L. japonica active substances improved C. elegans lipid peroxidation and reducing lipid accumulation in C. elegans through regulating fatty acid β-oxidation (NHR-49, MOD-1 and ACS-2), fatty acid synthesis (FAT-5, FAT-6 and FAT-7) and insulin (DAF-2, AGE-1, DAF-16) signaling pathways.

, correspAuthors=Bin LIU, Feng ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xingyuan XIE, Na LI, Pengyi WANG, Bin LIU, Feng ZENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343875218719070, articleId=1261343853299286157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=海带活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫的降脂作用, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为制备海带（Laminaria japonica，L. japonica）活性物质并分析其物质组成和降脂活性。利用不同极性的溶剂结合超声辅助醇提取、水提取、复合蛋白酶酶解以及碳酸钠提取分别制备海带醇溶性物质 （alcohol extract of Laminaria japonica，LJA）、海带水溶性物质（water extract of Laminaria japonica，LJW）、海带酶解物质（enzymes hydrolyzed of Laminaria japonica，LJE）和海带可溶性膳食纤维（dietary fiber of Laminaria japonica，LJDF），并对其成分进行分析，将以上四种活性物质组合得到海带活性物质组合物（mixture of active substances of Laminaria japonica，LJM），然后以秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans，C. elegans）为模型，探究海带活性物质对其脂质代谢相关生化指标及mRNA转录水平的影响。结果发现，LJA的成分主要包括胆碱、磷脂、嘧啶、萜类、类花生酸、类固醇、多酚和二糖；LJW主要包括分子量为368.0 kDa和1.0 kDa的两个多糖组分，其单糖组成为葡萄糖、半乳糖、岩藻糖、甘露糖和阿拉伯糖；LJE的主要成分是蛋白活性肽，包含6种蛋白（YP_006639117.1、AIW62928.1、WDS74817.1、WDS74887.1、QBF51285.1和ABB80121.1）和43种肽段；LJDF的主要成分是分子量为717.073 kDa和11.502 kDa的两个多糖组分，单糖组成为甘露糖醛酸、古罗糖醛酸、半乳糖和岩藻糖。秀丽隐杆线虫实验结果表明，海带活性物质能够极显著降低线虫体内甘油三酯和丙二醛水平（P<0.01），提高总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平（P<0.01）；在mRNA转录水平上，极显著上调NHR-49、FAT-5、FAT-6、FAT-7、DAF-2和DAF-16基因（P<0.01），极显著下调MOD-1、ACS-2和AGE-1基因（P<0.01）。海带活性物质可能是通过调节脂肪酸β氧化（NHR-49、MOD-1和ACS-2）、脂肪酸合成（FAT-5、FAT-6和FAT-7）及胰岛素（DAF-2、AGE-1和DAF-16）信号通路改善线虫脂质过氧化及降低线虫体内脂质累积。

, correspAuthors=刘斌, 曾峰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘斌（1969−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：食品生物技术、分子营养学，E-mail：。
曾峰（1984−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：功能性食品与分子营养学，E-mail：。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Wci86iJKoRrW/BQn/kPrHA==, magXml=9dzk1HaDVcakVX7tJKS+MQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=olw9mkbzJZfmuRqr5NxQIw==, pdfFileSize=1965853, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6x9H0QnnpVMZMDspFyjCRQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=IEI/6kLhsv5a9pJMZLuOXQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

谢幸媛（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：功能性食品与分子营养学，E-mail：

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2.College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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2．福建农林大学食品科学学院，福建福州 350002
3．福州海洋研究院，福建福州 350108, bio={"content":"

谢幸媛（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：功能性食品与分子营养学，E-mail：

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谢幸媛（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：功能性食品与分子营养学，E-mail：

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Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of fermented rice buckwheat on high-fat Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44（6）: 8−15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343975168983452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［47］, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许欢怡, 赖美英, 刘斌, 等. 猴头菇多糖提取及抗氧化和降脂活性研究[J]. 食品科技, 2023, 48(12): 205−213., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343975332561313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［47］, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Huanyi, LAI Meiying, LIU Bin, et al. 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Study on the lipid-lowering effect and mechanism of polysaccharide from Smiax glabra Roxb. on Caenorhabditis elegans[D]. Guangzhou: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261343878167314807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343878188286329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, companyId=1261343878167314807, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343878418973051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, companyId=1261343878167314807, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1．闽台特色海洋食品加工与营养健康教育部工程研究中心，福建福州 350002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343879010369927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343879245250953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, companyId=1261343879010369927, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343879295582603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, companyId=1261343879010369927, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2．福建农林大学食品科学学院，福建福州 350002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343879794704789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343880105083287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, companyId=1261343879794704789, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343880172192153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, companyId=1261343879794704789, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3．福州海洋研究院，福建福州 350108)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1261343925638447900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=HPGPC of water extract from L. japonica, figureFileSmall=o2SoKoxuBBfoFWTEUwSsmQ==, figureFileBig=6x9H0QnnpVMZMDspFyjCRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343926724772641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=图1, caption=海带水提物的高效凝胶色谱图, figureFileSmall=o2SoKoxuBBfoFWTEUwSsmQ==, figureFileBig=6x9H0QnnpVMZMDspFyjCRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343930591920946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ion chromatogram of monosaccharide composition of water extract from L. japonica, figureFileSmall=HOt2p4ZcZeB3PVTAzHPQ/w==, figureFileBig=BxacrRRCVueve5/jExDd5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343931728577340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=图2, caption=海带水提物的单糖组成离子色谱图

注：A为标准品离子色谱图，B为海带水提物离子色谱图。

, figureFileSmall=HOt2p4ZcZeB3PVTAzHPQ/w==, figureFileBig=BxacrRRCVueve5/jExDd5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343933028811591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=HPGPC of dietary fiber extract from L. japonica, figureFileSmall=zt1G94QLgxgM5d8ZEW8AVA==, figureFileBig=VBQ8d8YB1iHGdCTbg6iflA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343935205655379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=图3, caption=海带膳食纤维的高效凝胶色谱图, figureFileSmall=zt1G94QLgxgM5d8ZEW8AVA==, figureFileBig=VBQ8d8YB1iHGdCTbg6iflA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343936044516188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Ion chromatogram of monosaccharide composition of dietary fiber extract from L. japonica, figureFileSmall=dLvsB9I4jv3ksNsAq9NEEg==, figureFileBig=iSMEhfqjK9RpwUdpEUfRRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343937218921317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=图4, caption=海带膳食纤维的单糖组成离子色谱图

注：A为混标16糖的离子色谱图，B为海带膳食纤维的离子色谱图。

, figureFileSmall=dLvsB9I4jv3ksNsAq9NEEg==, figureFileBig=iSMEhfqjK9RpwUdpEUfRRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343939248964466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different active substances of L. japonica on lipid peroxidation in C. elegans, figureFileSmall=jGpcg+GAufoMznHazDeLFw==, figureFileBig=rzKBuKbQd39XctRiUPYdjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343939706143610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=图5, caption=海带活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫脂质过氧化的影响

注：不同大写字母表示不同海带活性物质的同一剂量样品组之间存在极显著差异（P<0.01）；不同小写字母表示相同海带活性物质的不同剂量样品组之间存在极显著差异（P<0.01）；图6~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=jGpcg+GAufoMznHazDeLFw==, figureFileBig=rzKBuKbQd39XctRiUPYdjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940033299329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Oil red O staining of C. elegans and post-staining relative optical density values, figureFileSmall=1UPhhlL6zbYthkXSVJECGA==, figureFileBig=MOipyQkCSjznkgSZEGmr4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940335289226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=图6, caption=线虫油红O染色及染色后相对光密度值

注：A为Normal组及海带活性物质组的油红O染色，B为相对光密度值。

, figureFileSmall=1UPhhlL6zbYthkXSVJECGA==, figureFileBig=MOipyQkCSjznkgSZEGmr4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940561781649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of different active substances of L. japonica on the transcript level of the mRNA in C. elegans, figureFileSmall=H8WO42IMZBm7IUDKjcPiHQ==, figureFileBig=m1QhnCKqVTzhWS4r1kz+Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940716970902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=图7, caption=海带活性物质对线虫脂质代谢相关基因转录水平的影响

注：A：NHR-49；B：MOD-1；C：ACS-2；D：FAT-5；E：FAT-6；F：FAT-7；G：DAF-2；H：AGE-1；I：DAF-16。

, figureFileSmall=H8WO42IMZBm7IUDKjcPiHQ==, figureFileBig=m1QhnCKqVTzhWS4r1kz+Dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343941023155100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primers for RT-qPCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因正向引物序列反向引物序列
DAF-2CGGTTGTTGTTCGTGTTCGGCCGTTGTTGTTGCTCACTGC
DAF-16TACATTGCTCGAAGTGCCGATCAGATGGTAGCGGCGAATC
MOD-1ACCCCTGATTGAAGAGATGCGAGTGCCACCAGTAGACAAGA
ACS-2TCGCTGATGCTCATGTCGTCGCCTTCTTAATGTGCTCCGC
NHR-49ATGGACTACTTTCTTGATGCTTCTCGGCGGAAGAATCCCTTACA
FAT-5GCCCTCTTCCGTTACTGCTTCACCTTCTCCGACTGCCGCAATAGATG
FAT-6TCGGAGAGGGAGGTCACAACTTCCGGTCGTAGACAAGTCCAAGAGC
FAT-7ATCGTTGCCATCACAAGTGGACTGTTACGCACAAGAAGCCATCCCATG
AGE-1GCTCTTCCACGCAGTCAAACGGTGAAAGATACGGCGGGTT
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941383865251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-qPCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因正向引物序列反向引物序列
DAF-2CGGTTGTTGTTCGTGTTCGGCCGTTGTTGTTGCTCACTGC
DAF-16TACATTGCTCGAAGTGCCGATCAGATGGTAGCGGCGAATC
MOD-1ACCCCTGATTGAAGAGATGCGAGTGCCACCAGTAGACAAGA
ACS-2TCGCTGATGCTCATGTCGTCGCCTTCTTAATGTGCTCCGC
NHR-49ATGGACTACTTTCTTGATGCTTCTCGGCGGAAGAATCCCTTACA
FAT-5GCCCTCTTCCGTTACTGCTTCACCTTCTCCGACTGCCGCAATAGATG
FAT-6TCGGAGAGGGAGGTCACAACTTCCGGTCGTAGACAAGTCCAAGAGC
FAT-7ATCGTTGCCATCACAAGTGGACTGTTACGCACAAGAAGCCATCCCATG
AGE-1GCTCTTCCACGCAGTCAAACGGTGAAAGATACGGCGGGTT
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941618746282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Constituents of alcohol extract of L. japonica (top 20 in qualitative markers)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号RT（min）成分名称所属分类分子式质荷比（m/z）相对含量（%）
14.65LysoPC （20:4）溶血磷脂酰胆碱（20:4）胆碱C28H50NO7P544.348.34
24.89Bafetinib巴氟替尼嘧啶C30H31F3N8O575.255.88
35.60LPG （18:3）溶血磷脂酰甘油（18:3）磷脂C24H43O9P505.264.44
45.11LPC （18:1）油酸酰溶血磷脂酰胆碱（18:1）胆碱C26H52NO7P522.353.74
56.69LPG （18:2） 溶血磷脂酰甘油（18:2）磷脂C24H45O9P507.273.17
65.32ent-6R,16bOH,17-Trihydroxy-7-oxo-6,7-seco-19,6-kauranolide 6-O-glucosideent-6R,16β-羟基,17-三羟基-7-氧代-6,7-开环-19,6-贝壳杉烯内酯 6-O-葡萄糖苷二萜糖苷C26H40O11527.252.12
75.3311,12-EET11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸类花生酸C20H32O3319.231.61
810.61LPG （18:1） 溶血磷脂酰甘油（18:1）磷脂C24H47O9P509.291.53
96.93Metholone 美雄酮类固醇C20H32O2303.231.41
108.91Ursodiol熊去氧胆酸脱氧胆酸C24H40O4393.301.39
112.579-Fluoro-16alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,11,17-trione9-氟-16α-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,11,17-三酮类固醇C19H23FO4335.171.34
125.32Mesterolone美睾酮类固醇C20H32O2305.251.31
134.95Albafuran A阿尔巴呋喃A多酚C24H26O4379.191.29
142.48Methyltestosterone 甲基睾酮类固醇C20H30O2303.231.28
154.01LysoPC （20:3）溶血磷脂酰胆碱（20:3）胆碱C28H52NO7P546.351.05
164.28Prostaglandin G2 前列腺素G2类花生酸C20H32O6351.210.99
173.96LPG （16:1）溶血磷脂酰甘油（16:1）磷脂C22H43O9P481.260.94
186.34LysoPC （14:0/0:0）溶血磷脂酰胆碱（14:0/0:0）胆碱C22H46NO7P512.300.89
195.32Aceroside Ⅷ槭苷Ⅷ二糖C30H42O12593.260.87
205.32Abietic acid松香酸二萜C20H30O2303.230.81
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941782324145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

海带醇提物物质成分（相对含量前20）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号RT（min）成分名称所属分类分子式质荷比（m/z）相对含量（%）
14.65LysoPC （20:4）溶血磷脂酰胆碱（20:4）胆碱C28H50NO7P544.348.34
24.89Bafetinib巴氟替尼嘧啶C30H31F3N8O575.255.88
35.60LPG （18:3）溶血磷脂酰甘油（18:3）磷脂C24H43O9P505.264.44
45.11LPC （18:1）油酸酰溶血磷脂酰胆碱（18:1）胆碱C26H52NO7P522.353.74
56.69LPG （18:2） 溶血磷脂酰甘油（18:2）磷脂C24H45O9P507.273.17
65.32ent-6R,16bOH,17-Trihydroxy-7-oxo-6,7-seco-19,6-kauranolide 6-O-glucosideent-6R,16β-羟基,17-三羟基-7-氧代-6,7-开环-19,6-贝壳杉烯内酯 6-O-葡萄糖苷二萜糖苷C26H40O11527.252.12
75.3311,12-EET11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸类花生酸C20H32O3319.231.61
810.61LPG （18:1） 溶血磷脂酰甘油（18:1）磷脂C24H47O9P509.291.53
96.93Metholone 美雄酮类固醇C20H32O2303.231.41
108.91Ursodiol熊去氧胆酸脱氧胆酸C24H40O4393.301.39
112.579-Fluoro-16alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,11,17-trione9-氟-16α-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,11,17-三酮类固醇C19H23FO4335.171.34
125.32Mesterolone美睾酮类固醇C20H32O2305.251.31
134.95Albafuran A阿尔巴呋喃A多酚C24H26O4379.191.29
142.48Methyltestosterone 甲基睾酮类固醇C20H30O2303.231.28
154.01LysoPC （20:3）溶血磷脂酰胆碱（20:3）胆碱C28H52NO7P546.351.05
164.28Prostaglandin G2 前列腺素G2类花生酸C20H32O6351.210.99
173.96LPG （16:1）溶血磷脂酰甘油（16:1）磷脂C22H43O9P481.260.94
186.34LysoPC （14:0/0:0）溶血磷脂酰胆碱（14:0/0:0）胆碱C22H46NO7P512.300.89
195.32Aceroside Ⅷ槭苷Ⅷ二糖C30H42O12593.260.87
205.32Abietic acid松香酸二萜C20H30O2303.230.81
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941966873530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Polypeptide sequence of enzymatic hydrolysates of L. japonica

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号肽段序列LJE质荷比（m/z）分子量（Mw）氨基酸个数蛋白名称肽段数
1KSYELPDGNVIVIGNE873.94871745.883516ABB80121.115
2KSYELPDGNVIVIGN809.42851616.840915
3ELPDGNVIVIGNER762.90471523.794314
4KSYELPDGNVIVIG752.40931502.79814
5IWHHTFYNELR505.92151514.741811
6LEKSYELPDGNVIVIGNE995.00981988.010118
7VAPEEHPVLL552.30881102.602210
8VAPEEHPV439.224876.43418
9VVAPPERK448.2722894.52878
10VVAPPERKYS382.54861144.62410
11KSYELPDGN511.74471021.47169
12VAPEEHPVL495.7663989.51829
13KAEYDESGPS541.73651081.456310
14GFAGDDAPRA488.7282975.44110
15VAPPERKYS349.52631045.55559
16LARDIPFSQF597.31961192.62410QBF51285.11
17WTDDPHPR512.23611022.4578WDS74817.111
18IVQRPSNEPG548.79141095.567310
19FLPDLNDEQIKQQ794.40551586.793913
20WTDDPHPRN569.25811136.49999
21FLPDLNDEQIKQ（+.98）Q794.89541587.77813
22WTDDPHPRN（+.98）569.74921137.48399
23TDDPHPRN476.2183950.42068
24SFLPDLNDEQIKQQ837.9211673.82614
25WTDDPHPRNS612.77381223.53210
26LNDEQIKQQ558.28981114.56189
27IVQ（+.98）RPSNEPG549.28221096.551310
28FSDPILNPM（+15.99）525.25281048.48999WDS74887.16
29VVLNDPGR435.2457868.47668
30IFRDREGRE589.30821176.59999
31IAGERSEP429.7192857.42438
32IIRADIPF472.7819943.54918
33IFRDREGR350.19311047.55748
34IGEDVILVR507.30721012.59179AIW62928.16
35LNPNVPTDPREQ690.35161378.684112
36IIDSTGNER502.75441003.49349
37LDKEPFEEVITE724.85931447.708112
38IIDSTGNERF576.28761150.561810
39LNPNVPTDPREQ（+.98）690.84061379.668112
40VDSYIPTPIRD638.33291274.650611YP_006639117.14
41IDAAPEERARG395.53871183.594511
42IDAAPEER450.7234899.43488
43LNKEDQVDDLELVEL886.44551770.888715
), ArticleFig(id=1261343943753647040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

海带酶解物的多肽序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号肽段序列LJE质荷比（m/z）分子量（Mw）氨基酸个数蛋白名称肽段数
1KSYELPDGNVIVIGNE873.94871745.883516ABB80121.115
2KSYELPDGNVIVIGN809.42851616.840915
3ELPDGNVIVIGNER762.90471523.794314
4KSYELPDGNVIVIG752.40931502.79814
5IWHHTFYNELR505.92151514.741811
6LEKSYELPDGNVIVIGNE995.00981988.010118
7VAPEEHPVLL552.30881102.602210
8VAPEEHPV439.224876.43418
9VVAPPERK448.2722894.52878
10VVAPPERKYS382.54861144.62410
11KSYELPDGN511.74471021.47169
12VAPEEHPVL495.7663989.51829
13KAEYDESGPS541.73651081.456310
14GFAGDDAPRA488.7282975.44110
15VAPPERKYS349.52631045.55559
16LARDIPFSQF597.31961192.62410QBF51285.11
17WTDDPHPR512.23611022.4578WDS74817.111
18IVQRPSNEPG548.79141095.567310
19FLPDLNDEQIKQQ794.40551586.793913
20WTDDPHPRN569.25811136.49999
21FLPDLNDEQIKQ（+.98）Q794.89541587.77813
22WTDDPHPRN（+.98）569.74921137.48399
23TDDPHPRN476.2183950.42068
24SFLPDLNDEQIKQQ837.9211673.82614
25WTDDPHPRNS612.77381223.53210
26LNDEQIKQQ558.28981114.56189
27IVQ（+.98）RPSNEPG549.28221096.551310
28FSDPILNPM（+15.99）525.25281048.48999WDS74887.16
29VVLNDPGR435.2457868.47668
30IFRDREGRE589.30821176.59999
31IAGERSEP429.7192857.42438
32IIRADIPF472.7819943.54918
33IFRDREGR350.19311047.55748
34IGEDVILVR507.30721012.59179AIW62928.16
35LNPNVPTDPREQ690.35161378.684112
36IIDSTGNER502.75441003.49349
37LDKEPFEEVITE724.85931447.708112
38IIDSTGNERF576.28761150.561810
39LNPNVPTDPREQ（+.98）690.84061379.668112
40VDSYIPTPIRD638.33291274.650611YP_006639117.14
41IDAAPEERARG395.53871183.594511
42IDAAPEER450.7234899.43488
43LNKEDQVDDLELVEL886.44551770.888715
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944043054026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Monosaccharide composition of dietary fiber extract from L. japonica

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单糖峰面积RT（min）摩尔比
甘露糖醛酸8.53550.3340.384
古罗糖醛酸3.10845.2920.360
半乳糖1.55615.4920.130
岩藻糖1.1456.1590.126
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944374404047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343853299286157, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

海带膳食纤维的单糖组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单糖峰面积RT（min）摩尔比
甘露糖醛酸8.53550.3340.384
古罗糖醛酸3.10845.2920.360
半乳糖1.55615.4920.130
岩藻糖1.1456.1590.126
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海带活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫的降脂作用
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谢幸媛 1, 2, 3 , 李娜 1, 2 , 汪鹏翼 1, 2 , 刘斌 *, 1, 2, 3 , 曾峰 *, 1, 2, 3
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(9): 389-400
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食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026, 47(9): 389-400
海带活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫的降脂作用
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谢幸媛1, 2, 3 , 李娜1, 2, 汪鹏翼1, 2, 刘斌*, 1, 2, 3 , 曾峰*, 1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1．闽台特色海洋食品加工与营养健康教育部工程研究中心，福建福州 350002
  • 2．福建农林大学食品科学学院，福建福州 350002
  • 3．福州海洋研究院，福建福州 350108

    • 谢幸媛（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：功能性食品与分子营养学，E-mail：

通讯作者:

刘斌（1969−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：食品生物技术、分子营养学，E-mail：。
曾峰（1984−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：功能性食品与分子营养学，E-mail：。
Hypolipidemic Effects of Active Substances from Laminaria japonica on Caenorhabditis elegans
Xingyuan XIE1, 2, 3 , Na LI1, 2, Pengyi WANG1, 2, Bin LIU*, 1, 2, 3 , Feng ZENG*, 1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • 2.College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • 3.Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120196
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摘要
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为制备海带（Laminaria japonica，L. japonica）活性物质并分析其物质组成和降脂活性。利用不同极性的溶剂结合超声辅助醇提取、水提取、复合蛋白酶酶解以及碳酸钠提取分别制备海带醇溶性物质 （alcohol extract of Laminaria japonica，LJA）、海带水溶性物质（water extract of Laminaria japonica，LJW）、海带酶解物质（enzymes hydrolyzed of Laminaria japonica，LJE）和海带可溶性膳食纤维（dietary fiber of Laminaria japonica，LJDF），并对其成分进行分析，将以上四种活性物质组合得到海带活性物质组合物（mixture of active substances of Laminaria japonica，LJM），然后以秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans，C. elegans）为模型，探究海带活性物质对其脂质代谢相关生化指标及mRNA转录水平的影响。结果发现，LJA的成分主要包括胆碱、磷脂、嘧啶、萜类、类花生酸、类固醇、多酚和二糖；LJW主要包括分子量为368.0 kDa和1.0 kDa的两个多糖组分，其单糖组成为葡萄糖、半乳糖、岩藻糖、甘露糖和阿拉伯糖；LJE的主要成分是蛋白活性肽，包含6种蛋白（YP_006639117.1、AIW62928.1、WDS74817.1、WDS74887.1、QBF51285.1和ABB80121.1）和43种肽段；LJDF的主要成分是分子量为717.073 kDa和11.502 kDa的两个多糖组分，单糖组成为甘露糖醛酸、古罗糖醛酸、半乳糖和岩藻糖。秀丽隐杆线虫实验结果表明，海带活性物质能够极显著降低线虫体内甘油三酯和丙二醛水平（P<0.01），提高总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平（P<0.01）；在mRNA转录水平上，极显著上调NHR-49、FAT-5、FAT-6、FAT-7、DAF-2和DAF-16基因（P<0.01），极显著下调MOD-1、ACS-2和AGE-1基因（P<0.01）。海带活性物质可能是通过调节脂肪酸β氧化（NHR-49、MOD-1和ACS-2）、脂肪酸合成（FAT-5、FAT-6和FAT-7）及胰岛素（DAF-2、AGE-1和DAF-16）信号通路改善线虫脂质过氧化及降低线虫体内脂质累积。

海带活性物质  /  成分分析  /  秀丽隐杆线虫  /  脂质代谢  /  mRNA转录

This study aimed to extract the active substance from Laminaria japonica (L. japonica) and evaluate their composition and hypolipidemic activity. The alcohol extract of L. japonica (LJA), water extract of L. japonica (LJW), enzymic hydrolysates of L. japonica (LJE) and dietary fiber extract of L. japonica (LJDF) were prepared by using different polar solvents combined with ultrasound-assisted alcohol extraction, water extraction, complex proteolytic enzymes and sodium carbonate acid, and their composition was analyzed. The above four active substances were mixed to obtain the total active substances of L. japonica (LJM). This study adopted C. elegans as a model organism to investigate the effects of bioactive compounds derived from L. japonica on lipid metabolism-related biochemical parameters and Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription levels. The result revealed that the main components of LJA included choline, phospholipids, pyrimidines, terpenoids, arachidonic acid, steroids, polyphenols and disaccharides; LJW mainly consisted of two polysaccharides with molecular weights of 368.0 kDa and 1.0 kDa, with monosaccharide composition of glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose and arabinose; LJE mainly consisted of protein active peptides, containing six proteins (YP_006639117.1, AIW62928.1, WDS74817.1, WDS74887.1, QBF51285.1 and ABB80121.1), 43 peptides; LJDF mainly consisted of two polysaccharides with molecular weights of 717.073 kDa and 11.502 kDa, with monosaccharide composition of mannose aldehyde, gulonose aldehyde, galactose and fucose. The result of C. elegans experiments demonstrated that the L. japonica active substances significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P<0.01). Meanwhile, these substances also increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels (P<0.01). At the mRNA transcription level, the L. japonica active substances significantly upregulated genes NHR-49, FAT-5, FAT-6, FAT-7, DAF-2, and DAF-16 (P<0.01). Conversely, the substances significantly downregulated genes MOD-1, ACS-2, and AGE-1 (P<0.01). This suggested that the L. japonica active substances improved C. elegans lipid peroxidation and reducing lipid accumulation in C. elegans through regulating fatty acid β-oxidation (NHR-49, MOD-1 and ACS-2), fatty acid synthesis (FAT-5, FAT-6 and FAT-7) and insulin (DAF-2, AGE-1, DAF-16) signaling pathways.

active substances of Laminaria japonica  /  composition analysis  /  Caenorhabditis elegans  /  lipid metabolism  /  mRNA transcription
谢幸媛, 李娜, 汪鹏翼, 刘斌, 曾峰. 海带活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫的降脂作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 389 -400 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120196
Xingyuan XIE, Na LI, Pengyi WANG, Bin LIU, Feng ZENG. Hypolipidemic Effects of Active Substances from Laminaria japonica on Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 389 -400 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120196
正文
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海带（Laminaria japonica，L. japonica）是全球海藻养殖中产量最高的品种之一，属褐藻门[1]。海带除了含蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维和碳水化合物等多种营养素外，其胡萝卜素、尼克酸、褐藻酸、氨基酸、甘露醇、不饱和脂肪酸、藻胶酸等多种活性物质被证实具有降血糖、提高免疫力、降血脂、抗癌、抗氧化、预防血栓形成、预防动脉硬化和预防肥胖等多种活性功能，被称为“海上之蔬”“长寿菜”[2−5]。当前中国在海带养殖方面的产量占据了全球海带总量的89.4%[6]。根据《2022国家渔业统计年鉴》，2021年全国海带产量为174万吨，其中福建省产出84.73万吨，占全国海带总产量48.63%，其产量位居全国第一[7]。海带产量高，然而目前海带的高附加值利用水平仍然不高，精深加工和功能性食品的开发也相对薄弱。因此，有必要针对海带产量高开发利用程度低的现状，开展海带的精深加工。
当前高糖高脂饮食导致的脂质代谢紊乱已成为全球性健康问题。从海带中寻找具有调节糖脂代谢等功效的生物活性物质备受关注。廖建民等[8]在酸性环境下提取海带多糖粗提物，并经分离得到3个多糖组分饮食干预小鼠，结果显示，小鼠血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）显著降低，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）与TC的比值提高，表明了海带多糖降脂的有效性。Sharama等[9]以小鼠实验研究证实，海带多糖通过灭活PI3K/MAPK信号调控脂肪生成与产热过程，海带多糖与岩藻聚糖通过抑制脂肪细胞分化，改善脂质代谢紊乱。Tang等[10]从海带中提取高结晶纤维素微粒（highly crystalline cellulose micro particles，HCCM），HCCM的干预显著降低模型小鼠TC、甘油三酯（triglyceride，TG）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C）水平，表明HCCM可以缓解高糖高脂饮食诱导的小鼠脂质代谢紊乱。综上，海带提取物中的活性成分（如多糖、岩藻聚糖及膳食纤维）在调节脂代谢方面具有显著潜力。上述研究对海带中单一的功效组分进行了功能研究，关于海带中多种组分的分级制备及其降脂功能的研究鲜有报道。因此，需进一步研究海带不同极性活性成分的制备及各组分的降脂作用，并加强临床转化研究以验证其长期安全性及适用性[11−12]。
研究显示秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans，C. elegans）60%~80%的基因是人类基因的同源物[13]，其同源基因已被证实在脂质合成与代谢中的调控机制与人体存在显著关联，因此秀丽隐杆线虫目前被广泛用作研究调节脂质代谢的模型[14−15]。本文通过多种提取方法制备不同极性和化学组成的海带活性物质并对其成分进行分析，进一步以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型，探究海带活性物质对其脂质代谢相关生化指标及mRNA转录水平的影响。研究结果可为海带的精深加工提供新思路，为海带功能性食品的开发提供理论依据。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料与仪器
海带　福建亿达食品有限公司；野生N2型秀丽隐杆线虫　福建上源生物科技有限公司；无水乙醇、碳酸钠、三氟乙酸、甲苯、氯仿　分析纯，国药集团化学试剂公司；复合蛋白酶（120 U/mg）、油红O染色液　北京索莱宝科技有限公司；甲酸、甲醇、乙腈　分析纯，美国Fisher Chemical有限公司；质谱级胰蛋白酶（19134 U/mg）　美国Promega有限公司；Western及细胞IP裂解液、BCA蛋白浓度试剂盒　上海碧云天生物技术公司；TG试剂盒、丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）试剂盒、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）酶活试剂盒、总超氧化物歧化酶（total superoxide dismutase，T-SOD）酶活试剂盒、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase，GSH-Px）酶活试剂盒　南京建成生物工程公司；通用型总RNA提取试剂盒　河北百泉生物科技有限公司；NovoScript Plus反转录试剂盒、NovoStaart SYBR qPCR super试剂盒　苏州近岸蛋白科技有限公司。
QE-800型手提中药粉碎机　无锡中恒元机械制造有限公司；KDC-40型低速离心机　合肥科大创新股份有限公司中佳分公司；J-25I型高速离心机　美国BECKMAN公司；FD-3型冷冻干燥机　北京博医康实验仪器有限公司；ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3型色谱柱　美国Waters仪器有限公司；C18 Zip-Tip型除盐柱　美国Agilent科技有限公司；101-1BS电热恒温鼓风干燥箱　上海力辰科技有限公司；KD-02超纯水机　长沙科尔顿水务有限公司；Q Exactive型高分辨质谱、Ultimate 3000型液相系统、ABI 7300型实时荧光定量PCR仪　美国Thermo科技公司；MGC-350HP人工气候箱　上海一恒科学仪器有限公司；Axioscope 5荧光显微镜　德国ZEISS股份公司；A2481型多功能PCR仪　日本ASTEC公司。
1.2　实验方法
1.2.1　海带活性物质制备
参照徐玫瑰[16]的方法稍加修改，实验原料海带经50 ℃烘干，超微粉碎机粉碎，过60目筛，粗粉备用。参考文献[17−18]的方法稍加修改，取100 g海带粉，按重量体积比1:15 g/mL加入体积分数70%乙醇溶液作为提取溶剂，功率为300 W，温度为55 ℃，超声辅助提取1 h，然后于4000 r/min离心15 min，抽滤分离滤液和滤渣，滤液于60 ℃旋转蒸发中减压浓缩，浓缩物经真空干燥后得海带乙醇提取物（alcohol extract of Laminaria japonica，LJA），滤渣置于65 ℃烘干备用。
取上一步提取LJA烘干后的滤渣，按重量体积比1:40 g/mL加入纯水，进行超声辅助浸提2 h，温度保持恒定为80 ℃，于4000 r/min离心20 min，抽滤分离滤液和滤渣，滤液于60 ℃旋转蒸发减压浓缩，浓缩物经真空干燥后得海带水提取物（water extract of Laminaria japonica，LJW），滤渣置于50 ℃烘干备用。
取上一步提取LJW烘干后的滤渣，加入原料质量3%的复合蛋白酶，按重量体积比1:40 g/mL加入纯水，在37 ℃恒温水浴锅中酶解2 h，再于90 ℃灭酶10 min，冷却后于4000 r/min离心20 min，分离滤液与滤渣，滤液于60 ℃旋转蒸发减压浓缩，浓缩物经真空干燥后得海带酶解物（enzymes hydrolyzed of Laminaria japonica，LJE）。
取上一步制备LJE烘干后的滤渣，按重量体积比1:40 g/mL加入1%碳酸钠作为制备溶剂，在65 ℃下水浴提取2 h，于4000 r/min离心10 min，抽滤分离滤液和滤渣，按1:3体积比加入95%乙醇于4 ℃冰箱醇沉24 h，再于4000 r/min离心10 min所得沉淀烘干后即得海带可溶膳食纤维（dietary fiber of Laminaria japonica，LJDF）。
根据前期实验方法，将上述获得的LJA、LJW、LJE、LJDF提取物直接混合均匀得到海带活性物质组合物（mixture of active substancesof Laminaria japonica，LJM）。
1.2.2　海带醇提物的成分测定
样品预处理：参照文献[19]的方法稍作修改。取1.2.1制得的LJA样品10 mg，加入含内标预冷溶液（甲醇:乙腈:超纯水按2:2:1的比例混合），并振荡30 s，随后超声10 min，−20 ℃静置1 h后于4 ℃，13000 r/min离心15 min，取上清液冷冻干燥。将乙腈和超纯水按1:1的比例混合，加入冷冻干燥后的样品复溶，振荡30 s并超声10 min，于4 ℃，13000 r/min离心15 min后，吸取上清液并经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后加入进样瓶中。然后采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer，LC-MS）对海带醇提物的组成成分进行分析。定性分析基于数据库进行峰识别、峰提取、峰对齐和积分等处理，然后使用MS2数据库（Allwegene.DB）进行代谢物注释；定量分析采用峰面积相对定量法，进行数据标准化处理。
色谱条件：按照文献[20]的方法并稍作修改。使用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm，1.8 μm），流动相A为0.1%甲酸水溶液，流动相B为乙腈（含0.1%甲酸），上样量为2 μL，进样口气体流速为0.3 mL/min，色谱柱流速为300 mL/min，柱温为50 ℃，梯度洗脱（洗脱程序：0~2 min，5%B；2~42 min，5%~95%B；42~47 min，95%B；47~47.1 min，95%~5%B；47.1~50 min，5%B），检测波长为210 nm（紫外检测）。
质谱条件：从色谱柱流出的样本代谢分析物经高分辨率质谱Triple TOF 5600+进行正离子模式和负离子模式各采集一次。离子源气体1（氮气）：50 psi，离子源气体2（氮气）：50 psi，Ion Source Gas1：50 psi，Ion Source Gas2：50 psi，源温度：500 ℃，离子喷雾电压浮动：5500 V和−4500 V（正负极）；去簇电位（DP）：±80 V（正负极）；飞行时间质谱扫描m/z范围：60~1200 Da，产物离子扫描m/z范围：25~1200 Da，飞行时间质谱扫描累积时间0.25 s，产物离子扫描累积时间0.03 s。二级质谱采用信息依赖性采集（IDA）模式，并使用高灵敏度模式，CE：30±15 V。
1.2.3　海带水提物的成分测定
1.2.3.1　相对分子质量测定
按照文献[21]的方法并稍作修改。通过高效凝胶色谱法测定海带水提物（LJW）的相对分子量。定性通过比对标准品保留时间和质谱特征离子，定量采用标准曲线法计算各单糖含量。样品预处理：取LJW样品2 mg，用流动相0.2 mol/L的氯化钠水溶液配制成2 mg/mL的溶液，4000 r/min离心20 min后取上清液，进样20 μL，进行测试。标准品为葡聚糖（分子质量分别为1152、5000、11600、23800、48600、80900、148000、273000、409800、667800 Da），配制质量浓度为5 mg/mL的溶液，经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后备用。
色谱条件：使用BRT104-102串联凝胶柱（8 mm×300 mm）的色谱柱；0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液作为流动相；设置流速为0.8 mL/min，柱温为40 ℃；进样量为20 μL；检测器为RI-502示差检测器（温度40 ℃）。
1.2.3.2　单糖组成分析
按照文献[22]的方法并稍作修改。取16种单糖标准品（岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸、氨基半乳糖盐酸盐、盐酸氨基葡萄糖、N-乙酰-D氨基葡萄糖、古罗糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸）配成标准母液溶液。采用多糖水解、还原、乙酰化的方法制备乙酰化衍生物，待气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析。具体步骤如下：
取LJW样品2 mg溶于1 mL三氟乙酸中，并在120 ℃条件下水解90 min，随后通过旋转蒸发仪进行干燥。残渣加入2 mL双蒸水，100 mg硼氢化钠还原，加入冰醋酸中和后再次通过旋转蒸发仪进行干燥。然后加入1 mL乙酸酐，在100 ℃的条件下进行乙酰化反应1 h，冷却后加入3 mL甲苯，减压浓缩蒸干，重复4~5次，以除去多余的乙酸酐。将乙酰化后的产物用3 mL氯仿溶解后转移至分液漏斗，加入少量蒸馏水充分均匀后除去上层水溶液，如此重复5次。氯仿层以适量的无水硫酸钠干燥，定容至10 mL。采用GC-MS测定乙酰化产物的单糖组成。
色谱条件：使用TR-5MS色谱柱（60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）；程序升温条件为：起始温度140 ℃，以2 ℃/min升温至198 ℃，保持4 min；再以4 ℃/min升温至214 ℃；然后以1 ℃/min升温至217 ℃，保持4 min；最后以3 ℃/min升温至250 ℃，保持5 min；进样口温度为250 ℃；He作载气；设置流速为1 mL/min，柱温为40 ℃；进样量为20 μL。质谱条件： 电子轰击离子源（EI，70 eV），离子源温度 230 ℃，GC-MS 接口温度 280 ℃，全扫描模式（ 45~450 m/z）。
1.2.3.3　多糖含量测定
通过苯酚-硫酸法[23]测定LJW中的多糖含量。
1.2.4　海带酶解物成分的测定
1.2.4.1　采用LC-MS/MS分析多肽序列
通过信息依赖的采集工作模式获取多肽二级质谱数据，结合PEAKS Studio软件比对海带蛋白数据库进行定性分析（鉴定多肽序列），通过离子强度定量。按照文献[24]的方法并稍作修改。样品预处理：将LJW提取后滤渣制备的海带酶解物（LJE）按质量体积比1:40 g/mL加入超纯水溶解后，13000 r/min离心10 min，吸取上清转移至10 kDa超滤管中过滤，超滤后的溶液用C18除盐柱进行除盐，随后将样品经过浓缩干燥，存于−20 ℃冰箱待上机检测。
色谱及质谱条件：流动相A为0.1%甲酸和水，流动相B为80%乙腈和0.1%甲酸，LC-MS采用Thermo Fisher Q Exactive系统结合纳升喷雾Nano Flex离子源分析，离子传输管加热温度为275 ℃，喷雾电压为1.9 kV。质谱扫描方式为信息依赖的采集工作模式，一级质谱扫描分辨率为70000，扫描范围100~1500 m/z，最大注入时间100 ms。每次DDA循环下最多采集20个电荷为1+到3+的二级图谱，二级质谱离子最大注入时间为50 ms。碰撞室能量（高能碰撞诱导解离，HCD）设定为28 eV，适用于所有前体离子，动态排除设置为6 s。
1.2.4.2　蛋白含量测定
参照BCA蛋白试剂盒测定LJE蛋白含量。
1.2.5　海带可溶性膳食纤维的成分测定
1.2.5.1　相对分子质量测定和单糖组成分析
同1.2.3。
1.2.5.2　得率的计算
参照张丽萍[25]的方法。
1.2.6　秀丽隐杆线虫的培养及同期化
1.2.6.1　培养基的制备
参照万林[26]的方法稍加修改。采用固体NGM培养基培养秀丽隐杆线虫。分别取0.5 g胰蛋白胨、0.6 g氯化钠、3.4 g琼脂和1.44 g葡萄糖，混合后加水至195 mL配制体系为200 mL的NGM培养基，并对培养基进行高压灭菌。随后加入5 mL K2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液、0.2 mL MgSO4、CaCl2及胆固醇-乙醇溶液，在超净工作台中分装至平皿中备用。
1.2.6.2　大肠杆菌的培养
于紫外杀菌的超净工作台中，用尿嘧啶缺陷的OP50型的大肠杆菌涂布于秀丽隐杆线虫的培养基上，其作为秀丽隐杆线虫的食物，并确保OP50菌株的纯度不被杂菌污染。
1.2.6.3　线虫的同步化及培养
将含有虫卵及OP50的培养皿放入20 ℃人工气候箱中培养48 h，待虫卵发育成L4期成虫，即完成线虫的同步化。
1.2.7　海带活性物质对秀丽线虫降脂作用的研究
1.2.7.1　秀丽隐杆线虫脂质过氧化水平的测定
为诱导建立秀丽隐杆线虫高脂模型，在NGM培养基中添加胆固醇，并将秀丽隐杆线虫暴露于高浓度葡萄糖环境下。参照万林[26]的方法稍加修改，设置空白组（Normal）作为对照，并设置不同剂量的海带活性物质处理组进行比较。通过比较各组线虫的TG、MDA、CAT、T-SOD和GSH-Px水平，并使用油红O染色法观察线虫体内脂滴的积累情况进而说明海带活性物质的降脂作用。收集同期化的线虫随机分为18组，每组设置3个平行，每组30只。每日分别给予各组100 μL的OP50溶液，空白组（Normal）给予OP50，海带活性物质组（LJA、LJW、LJE、LJDF、LJM）分别给予含0.25 mg/mL（低剂量）、0.5 mg/mL（中剂量）和1 mg/mL（高剂量）海带活性物质的培养液，培养72 h后收集虫体用于后续实验。参照试剂盒的说明测定线虫体内TG、MDA、CAT、T-SOD和GSH-Px的水平。
1.2.7.2　秀丽隐杆线虫的油红O染色
参照文献[27]的方法稍加修改。取1.2.7.1中的线虫，加入1 mL M9缓冲液，3000 r/min离心10 min后弃掉上清液。随后加入200 μL油红O染色液，静置染色2 h，3000 r/min离心5 min后弃掉上清液，用M9缓冲液洗去多余的染色液，将线虫挑取至载玻片上，于荧光显微镜下观察并拍照。
1.2.8　海带活性物质对秀丽线虫脂质代谢相关基因转录水平的影响
1.2.8.1　秀丽隐杆线虫总RNA的提取
取上述同期化后的的线虫，将线虫按照1.2.7.1方法培养72 h后，收集线虫，参照试剂盒方法，加入20 μL M9缓冲液，在12000 r/min，4 ℃条件下离心5 min，取上清液置于新的EP管中并加入200 μL氯仿，充分混匀后再置于12000 r/min，4 ℃条件下离心5 min。取200 μL上清液再加入200 μL异丙醇，振荡混匀后静置10 min。相同条件离心10 min，弃上清液加入1 mL浓度为75%的乙醇溶液进行洗涤沉淀，重复操作此步骤一次。待乙醇挥发干净后，加入60 μL RNase free H2O，充分溶解沉淀。用微量核酸浓度测定仪对提取到的RNA纯度和浓度进行测定。纯度测定：保留范围在1.8~2.2之间的A260/A280值；浓度测定：用RNase free H2O将RNA的浓度稀释至统一。将可用的RNA于−80 ℃冰箱保存备用。
1.2.8.2　反转录cDNA
参照试剂盒的方法制备反转录体系，涡旋混匀体系后离心，通过PCR仪孵育，设置孵育条件为42 ℃，5 min；50 ℃，15 min；后75 ℃，5 min；最后降温至4 ℃，−20 ℃保存备用。
1.2.8.3　荧光定量PCR检测
参照SYBR染料的qPCR试剂盒的方法制备溶液体系，加入八联管中，设置荧光定量PCR的扩增程序，条件为：95 ℃，1 min，1个循环，变性；95 ℃，20 s，1个循环；60 ℃，20 s，40个循环，扩增；72 ℃，30 s，1个循环，延伸。
1.2.8.4　设计引物序列
在NCBI中设计线虫脂质代谢相关的mRNA序列，以Actin-1为内参基因，相关引物的具体序列信息见表1。通过2−△△Ct法计算基因的相对转录水平。
1.3　数据处理
所有实验组均进行三次平行实验。采用Excel软件处理和分析数据，结果用平均值±标准差（Mean±SD）表示。P<0.05表示显著差异；P<0.01表示极显著差异。采用Image J 8.0软件对染色线虫的光密度值进行计算分析。采用GraphPad Prism 10.5绘图。
2　结果与分析
收起
2.1　海带醇提物的成分分析
表2列出了海带醇提物的物质组成分析结果。根据峰面积计算海带醇提物的相对含量：首先对单个峰进行过滤，只保留缺失值在实际样本中<50%的峰值；然后对原始数据中的缺失值进行模拟，最后利用每个样本特征总和进行归一化。由表2可知，海带醇提物中优势成分包括胆碱类（如LysoPC（20:4）相对含量为8.34%、LPC（18:1）为3.74%）和磷脂类（如LPG（18:3）为4.44%、LPG（18:2）为3.17%）。其中，属于胆碱类的溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LysoPC类）是人血浆的丰富成分[28]，溶血甘油磷脂（LPG类）作为信号脂质对动脉粥样硬化具有潜在疗效[29]。其次，海带醇提物中嘧啶类化合物Bafetinib相对含量为5.88%，其单一高含量值得关注。此外，类固醇（如Metholone、Mesterolone）和类花生酸（如11,12-EET、Prostaglandin G2）单个成分相对含量在1.61%~0.99%之间，高丰度活性成分，可能通过调节炎症和脂质代谢参与生理功能[13,30]。其他成分如多酚（Albafuran A，1.29%）和二糖（Aceroside VIII，0.87%）虽相对含量不高，但丰富了提取物的生物活性多样性。上述结果表明海带醇提物富含胆碱、磷脂等调节脂质的功能成分，为从海带中提取降脂成分提供依据。
2.2　海带水提物的成分分析
热水浸提法是提取多糖的传统方法，该方法简单、容易操作且成本低，但耗时长、高能耗、效率低且污染环境[31]。超声波提取时间短，提取率、热稳定性高，可以通过空化作用产生机械波，撕裂细胞壁，促进多糖的释放、扩散和溶解[32]。相比于传统热水浸提法，超声波辅助提取过程有助于高效提取多糖[33–34]。本研究用超声辅助浸提的方法提取LJW多糖，在LJW中，测得多糖含量为119.42 g/kg。
随后利用高效凝胶色谱对LJW的相对分子量进行测定。由图1可知，海带水提物主要包括2个多糖组分，分子量分别为368.0 kDa和1.0 kDa。这一结果表明醇提后超声辅助浸提可能破坏LJW中糖苷键之间的紧密联系，生成小分子多糖片段。
利用离子色谱对LJW的单糖进行测定。海带水提物的单糖组成离子色谱如图2所示。由图2可知海带水提物主要由岩藻糖（Fuc）、阿拉伯糖（Ara）、木糖（Xyl）、甘露糖（Man）、葡萄糖（Glc）和半乳糖（Gal）组成，其中葡萄糖的占比最大为36.82%，其次分别是半乳糖20.61%、岩藻糖16.75%、甘露糖15.23%、木糖5.40%和阿拉伯糖5.19%。
2.3　海带酶解物的多肽序列分析
采用LC-MS/MS分析海带酶解物的多肽序列，使用Laminariaceae蛋白数据库和Saccharina japonica蛋白数据库对质谱数据进行检索。对得分Unused≥1.3的蛋白进行筛选，在该范围内检索到海带酶解物中存在43种多肽，且分别来自6种不同的蛋白，包括YP_006639117.1、AIW62928.1、WDS74817.1、WDS74887.1、QBF51285.1和ABB80121.1，6种蛋白分别为4肽、6肽、11肽、6肽、1肽和15肽。海带酶解物的蛋白及肽段具体信息见表3。据报道，肽段的生物活性与其氨基酸序列和个数、质荷比、分子量密切相关。具有活性的生物肽通常含有2~20个氨基酸残基，分子量小于6000 Da，该范围内的活性肽可以在肠道中直接被吸收进入血液，提高多肽的生物利用率[35]。本研究测得LJE中蛋白含量为231.67 g/kg。海带酶解物活性肽氨基酸个数均在2~20内、分子量均小于6000 Da，说明海带酶解物极可能具备肠道吸收性质和生物活性，为降血脂和抗氧化功能提供物质基础。
2.4　海带可溶性膳食纤维的成分分析
膳食纤维是指在人体小肠中难以消化吸收并在人体大肠中完全或部分发酵的植物可食用部分或者与碳水化合物相似的物质，被称为第七大营养素[36]。按其溶解性可将膳食纤维分为可溶性膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维[37]，其中前者可以吸收胆固醇，这显示了其在功能性食品中降低或稳定血糖和血脂水平的应用潜力[38]。本研究主要分析LJDF的成分及其降脂作用。
以热水提取得到水溶性多糖，有利于保持多糖的结构和活性[39]。本研究测得LJDF得率为19.58%；苯酚-硫酸法测定LJDF中的多糖含量为194.25 g/kg。随后对LJDF分子量进行测定。由图3可知海带膳食纤维含有2个多糖组分。以不同分子量的葡聚糖标品为分子量曲线测定的标准品，得到峰位分子量（lgMp-RT，lgMp-RT校正曲线方程为：y=−0.1785x+11.416，R2=0.9986）、重均分子量（lgMw-RT，lgMw-RT校正曲线方程为：y=−0.1766x+11.348，R2=0.9981）、数均分子量（lgMn-RT，lgMn-RT校正曲线方程为：y=−0.1772x+11.357，R2=0.9988）的校正曲线。根据校正曲线方程得出计算公式，将样品的洗脱时间代入，进而计算出LJDF的主要成分的分子量分别为717.073 kDa和11.502 kDa。
利用离子色谱对LJDF的单糖进行测定。海带膳食纤维的单糖组成离子色谱图如图4所示。由图4和表4可知，海带膳食纤维主要由岩藻糖（Fuc）、半乳糖（Gal）、古罗糖醛酸（GulA）和甘露糖醛酸（ManA）组成。取各单糖标准溶液精密配制浓度标准品作为混标。根据绝对定量方法，测定不同单糖质量，根据单糖摩尔质量计算出摩尔比。其中甘露糖醛酸的占比为38.4%、古罗糖醛酸为36%、半乳糖为13%及岩藻糖为12.6%。由此可见，海带膳食纤维占比较高的两大成分是ManA和GulA。作为褐藻酸的基本结构单元，可有效降低血脂和胆固醇水平，并能有效清除氧自由基，这为海带降脂和抗氧化作用提供了成分基础[40]。
2.5　海带活性物质对秀丽线虫降脂活性的影响
2.5.1　海带活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫脂质过氧化的影响
TG能够反映海带活性物质对线虫脂肪累积的影响，MDA是脂质过氧化的最终产物，可反映脂质的过氧化程度。线虫的抗氧化系统涉及多种酶，包括T-SOD、CAT和GSH-Px[41–42]。图5为海带活性物质对线虫体内TG、MDA、CAT、T-SOD和GSH-Px水平的影响。与Normal组相比，在TG水平上各组中剂量和高剂量的海带活性物质均极显著地降低了线虫体内的脂质积累（P<0.01），其中高剂量LJM组的TG水平降幅最大；在MDA水平上LJW组、LJE组和LJM组各剂量均极显著降低（P<0.01），其中高剂量LJM组的MDA水平降幅最大；在T-SOD水平上LJW组、LJDF组和LJM组的各剂量均呈极显著上升（P<0.01），其中高剂量LJW组的T-SOD水平最高；在CAT水平上各剂量LJA组、LJW组、LJDF组和LJM组极显著提高（P<0.01），其中各剂量LJW组的CAT水平均明显高于其他海带活性物质；GSH-Px的酶活力于LJW组、LJE组和LJDF组的各剂量极显著提高（P<0.01），其中高剂量LJW组的GSH-Px酶活力最高。
有研究指出，海带活性物质中含有调节肝脏脂质代谢和能量感应的关键酶，调节机体TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C水平，抑制胆固醇合成，以此调节血脂[43]。此外，脂质代谢的调节与抗氧化活性密切相关。海带活性物质抗氧化可能是通过清除体内自由基及其代谢产物，降低MDA的生成，减轻MDA对SOD和GSH-Px活性的抑制作用，从而提高抗氧化酶活性并降低血脂水平[44]。本研究发现，LJA组、LJW组、LJE组、LJDF组和LJM组均能显著降低线虫体内TG、MDA水平，并能显著提高线虫的T-SOD、CAT和GSH-Px水平。这一发现与倪华等[30]报道的海带多糖（1000 mg/kg）降低高脂大鼠TG以及Li等[45]对海带多糖在秀丽隐杆线虫中的抗氧化和抗衰老活性的研究结果一致。另外，严静等[46]发现发酵米荞通过提高线虫体内的抗氧化酶活性来清除自由基，从而抵抗高脂肪对线虫的损伤。这表明海带活性物质可能通过提高抗氧化酶的表达和减少氧化应激，以此实现降低线虫脂质过氧化和线虫体内脂质累积并能提高线虫的抗氧化酶活力。同时，不同的海带提取物在相同浓度下对脂质的调控有差异。本研究发现高剂量LJM组降低线虫的TG、MDA水平效果最为显著，高剂量LJW组提高T-SOD、CAT和GSH-Px水平效果最显著。这可能与其高分子量多糖在低浓度难以被线虫消化吸收有关，而高浓度时通过物理吸附作用结合脂质并促进排泄[13]。综上所述，脂质沉积伴随着脂肪β氧化过程减缓，影响线虫的寿命，海带活性物质可能通过降低线虫体内自由基的释放，减少线虫的氧化应激损伤，进而降低线虫中脂质过氧化的水平。以上结果表明海带活性物质具有改善线虫脂质过氧化及降低线虫体内脂质累积的作用。
2.5.2　秀丽隐杆线虫的油红O染色
油红O染色液能够溶于线虫体内的TG，固定于线虫体内的细胞脂质中，可以反映线虫中脂质积累的状况[47]。图6A为各组线虫的油红O染色情况，采用Image J对染色线虫的相对光密度值进行定量分析（图6B）。由图可知，Normal组线虫的整体颜色较深，各剂量组虫体的染色随海带活性物质质量浓度增大而逐渐变浅。其中LJW组三个剂量组的染色程度均极显著下降（P<0.01），与TG的测定结果一致；LJA组、LJE组及LJM组的中剂量组和高剂量组的染色程度极显著下降（P<0.01），LJDF组中剂量组的染色程度极显著下降（P<0.01），低剂量组的染色程度显著升高，高剂量组与Normal组相比无显著差异。结果表明，海带活性物质的干预能够显著降低线虫体内的TG含量。
2.6　海带活性物质对秀丽线虫脂质代谢相关基因转录水平的影响
从mRNA水平研究海带活性物质对秀丽隐杆线虫在脂肪酸β氧化信号通路、脂肪酸合成信号通路和胰岛素信号通路中关键因子的影响（图7）。由图可知，相比于Normal组，在脂肪酸β氧化信号通路中，海带活性物质均上调了NHR-49，下调了MOD-1和ACS-2的转录水平，其中，LJA、LJDF和LJW极显著提高NHR-49的转录水平（P<0.01），高剂量海带活性物质均极显著下调了MOD-1的转录水平（P<0.01），中剂量和高剂量的海带活性物质均极显著下调ACS-2的转录水平（P<0.01）。在脂肪酸合成信号通路中，海带活性物质组的FAT-5和FAT-7的转录水平上调，高剂量组的FAT-5转录水平极显著提高（P<0.01），中剂量组和高剂量组的FAT-7转录水平极显著提高（P<0.01），高剂量的LJA和LJDF提高FAT-6的效果较好（P<0.01）。在胰岛素信号通路中，高剂量的LJA、LJE和LJM可以极显著降低DAF-2的转录水平（P<0.01），在降低AGE-1水平上，LJA组、LJW组、LJE组和LJDF组较优（P<0.01），在提高DAF-16水平上，除LJE组与Normal组无显著差异外，其余组的中剂量组和高剂量组的DAF-16转录水平极显著提高（P<0.01）。以上结果表明，海带活性物质可能通过调节线虫体内脂肪酸β氧化信号通路、脂肪酸合成信号通路和胰岛素信号通路中关键因子的转录水平发挥降脂作用。
基于海带活性物质在线虫体内的降脂活性及油红O的染色结果，通过研究海带活性物质对脂肪酸β氧化信号通路、脂肪酸合成信号通路和胰岛素信号通路中的关键因子的转录水平的影响，分析海带活性物质调节脂质代谢的机制。在脂肪酸β氧化信号通路中，NHR-49广泛参与脂肪酸的调控，包括脂蛋白的转运、脂肪酸的摄取及过氧化物酶的β氧化，ACS-2负责将脂肪酸转化为酰基辅酶A，用于β氧化以消耗脂肪，MOD-1作为调控ACS-2的上游基因，对调节脂质代谢平衡具有积极的影响[48]。在脂肪酸合成信号通路中，FAT-5、FAT-6和FAT-7是三种不同的去饱和酶基因，直接影响TG的合成，FAT-5可以将棕榈酸转为棕榈油酸，脂肪酸延长酶FAT-6和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶FAT-7主要将硬脂酸转化为油酸[49]，三者共同维持机体的饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的占比平衡，这提示海带活性物质干预后的线虫体内TG含量降低，是由于上调了FAT家族基因的转录水平。在胰岛素信号通路中DAF-2通过下调AGE-1因子，使得丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶磷酸化，进而抑制DAF-16的转录水平。这表明海带活性物质可能通过调节脂肪酸β氧化（NHR-49、MOD-1和ACS-2）、脂肪酸合成（FAT-5、FAT-6和FAT-7）及胰岛素（DAF-2、AGE-1和DAF-16）信号通路改善秀丽隐杆线虫脂质过氧化及降低线虫体内脂质累积。
3　结论
收起
本研究通过不同极性的溶剂提取与制备，制备了LJA、LJW、LJE、LJDF和LJM，并进一步分析了这些活性物质的成分及其对秀丽隐杆线虫脂质代谢的影响。研究结果表明，LJA主要成分为胆碱、磷脂、嘧啶、萜类、类花生酸、类固醇、多酚和二糖；LJW主要包括分子量为368.0 kDa和1.0 kDa的两个多糖组分；LJE鉴定出43种肽段，且分别来自6种不同的蛋白，包括YP_006639117.1、AIW62928.1、WDS74817.1、WDS74887.1、QBF51285.1和ABB80121.1；LJDF的主要成分是分子量为717.073 kDa和11.502 kDa的两个多糖组分。这些成分为海带降脂作用提供了物质基础。各组海带活性物质能够显著降低线虫体内的TG和MDA水平，提高T-SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性，其中高剂量LJM降低线虫体内的TG和MDA水平效果优于其他单一海带活性物质，说明组合物LJM降脂作用优于单一组分。此外，海带活性物质还通过调节脂肪酸β氧化（NHR-49、MOD-1和ACS-2）、脂肪酸合成（FAT-5、FAT-6和FAT-7）及胰岛素（DAF-2、AGE-1和DAF-16）信号通路中的关键基因转录水平，改善了线虫的脂质代谢。研究结果可为海带的精深加工与功能性食品的开发提供理论依据，未来研究需进一步探讨海带活性物质在机体中的消化吸收及其与其他膳食成分的协同效应，以推动其在功能性食品领域的应用。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024120196
  • 接收时间：2024-12-17
  • 首发时间：2026-05-13
  • 出版时间：2026-05-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-17
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    1．闽台特色海洋食品加工与营养健康教育部工程研究中心，福建福州 350002
    2．福建农林大学食品科学学院，福建福州 350002
    3．福州海洋研究院，福建福州 350108

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刘斌（1969−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：食品生物技术、分子营养学，E-mail：。
曾峰（1984−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：功能性食品与分子营养学，E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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