Article(id=1261343849876734074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750262400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657408446, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657408446, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657408446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657408446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=266, endPage=277, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343852598837384, articleId=1261343849876734074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Three Different Drying Methods on the Basic Nutritional Components and Volatile Substances of Amanita caesarea, columnId=1261343852057772164, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Packaging and Machinery, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the changes in nutritional characteristics of Amanita caesarea under different drying treatments, in this study, we used fresh A. caesarea as raw material and subjected them to three drying methods: vacuum freeze drying, hot air drying, and natural sun drying. The 10 kinds of minerals, 18 kinds of amino acids, volatile substances, fatty acids, crude protein, total sugar, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and riboflavin in Amanita caesarea after different drying treatments were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, Coomassie brilliant blue method, phenol-sulfuric acid method, Soxhlet extraction method, acid-base hydrolysis method of fiber analyzer, determination method of total ash in food and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results showed that vacuum freeze drying yielded the highest levels of crude protein, total sugar, and riboflavin, different drying methods had a significant impact on riboflavin content, while their effects on crude fat, crude fiber, and ash were relatively small. The mineral calcium (Ca) content was highest in hot air drying, whereas iron (Fe), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were highest in vacuum freeze drying. The total amino acid content, amino acid score, and essential amino acid index were ranked as follows: vacuum freeze drying>natural sun drying>hot air drying. The number of volatile compounds was highest in vacuum freeze drying, followed by natural sun drying and hot air drying. The types and contents of fatty acids were vacuum freeze drying>natural sun drying>hot air drying. Based on the above three drying methods, it could be seen that vacuum freeze drying had the best retention effect on the types and contents of nutritional in A. caesarea, followed by natural sun drying and hot air drying. Therefore, vacuum freeze drying was more suitable for drying A. caesarea. This study provides a theoretical basis for more scientific and rational drying of A. caesarea and other edible fungi by investigating the retention basic nutrients and volatile substances under three different drying treatments.

, correspAuthors=Changzhong MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhongfa TAO, Xuedong GU, Zhengchang ZHONG, Changzhong MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343883313725894, articleId=1261343849876734074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=三种不同干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌基本营养成分和挥发性物质的影响, columnId=1261343861805334715, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=包装与机械, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同干燥处理下橙盖鹅膏菌营养特性的变化规律,本研究以新鲜橙盖鹅膏菌为原料,采用真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥、自然晾晒干燥三种干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌进行干燥处理,通过相关方法技术,如原子吸收分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱质谱联用法、气相色谱法、考马斯亮蓝法、硫酸苯酚法、索氏提取法、纤维测定仪酸碱水解法、食品中总灰分的测定方法、荧光分光光度法对不同干燥处理后的橙盖鹅膏菌中的10种矿物质、18种氨基酸、挥发性物质、脂肪酸、粗蛋白、总糖、粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分、核黄素进行分析。结果表明真空冷冻干燥中粗蛋白、总糖、核黄素的含量最高,不同的干燥方式对核黄素含量的影响较大,而对粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分的影响较小;矿物质Ca在热风干燥中含量最高,Fe、Na、Mg、Zn和Mn在真空冷冻干燥中含量最高;氨基酸总量、氨基酸评分以及必需氨基酸指数均为真空冷冻干燥>自然晾晒干燥>热风干燥;挥发性成分种类在真空冷冻干燥中最多,其次是自然晾晒干燥、热风干燥;脂肪酸种类及含量均为真空冷冻干燥>自然晾晒干燥>热风干燥。基于以上三种干燥方式可见,真空冷冻干燥对橙盖鹅膏菌中营养成分种类及含量的保留效果最优,其次是自然晾晒干燥、热风干燥,由此真空冷冻干燥更适合用于干燥橙盖鹅膏菌。本文通过研究三种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌基本营养成分和挥发性物质的保留效果,为更加科学合理地干燥橙盖鹅膏菌以及其他食用菌提供了一定的理论依据。

, correspAuthors=马长中, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
马长中(1975−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:高原特色农畜产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mkjfJ1Om9yBe+rS2yA3OKw==, magXml=Xhsa6Hi3mQ6fYiYvNOE7Pw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ayc0jIqXOeBot4/2r215eA==, pdfFileSize=1150021, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=WtT01S2MhXvwla8YBSBKhw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ByU8ma1Q3sBQNGiay2xpbg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陶忠发(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

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陶忠发(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

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articleId=1261343849876734074, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗禹, 袁小红, 高平. 橙盖鹅膏菌子实体化学成分研究[J]. 中药材, 2016, 39(1): 107−109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343949059440677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO Yu, YUAN Xiaohong, GAO Ping. 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Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(1): 517−527., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343970970485079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xiaobei, FENG Tao, ZHOU Feng, et al. Effects of drying methods on the tasty compounds of Pleurotus eryngii[J]. Food Chemistry, 2015, 166: 358−364., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343971117285724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG Yun, LUO Yali, WANG Yuegang, et al. Effect of different drying methods on the myosin structure, amino acid composition, protein digestibility and volatile profile of squid fillets[J]. Food Chemistry, 2015, 171: 168−176., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343971293446499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DOU Xinjing, ZHANG Liangxiao, YANG Ruinan, et al. Adulteration detection of essence in sesame oil based on headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry[J]. Food Chemistry, 2022, 370: 131373., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261343887210234358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343887273148920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, companyId=1261343887210234358, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343887663219198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, companyId=1261343887210234358, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏林芝 860000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343889840062997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343889852645910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, companyId=1261343889840062997, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources Research, Nyingchi 860000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343889869423127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, companyId=1261343889840062997, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏特农牧资源研发省部共建协同创新中心,西藏林芝 860000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343891110937124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343891454870053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, companyId=1261343891110937124, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Xizang Laboratory of Wildlife Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Nyingchi 860000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343891463258662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, companyId=1261343891110937124, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西藏野生生物资源评价与利用实验室,西藏林芝 860000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1261343933372744522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatogram of 37 fatty acid methyl ester standard solutions, figureFileSmall=gqTeQs5y5a3Y8KTWB4KK+Q==, figureFileBig=WtT01S2MhXvwla8YBSBKhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343934874305359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=图1, caption=37种脂肪酸甲酯标准溶液色谱图

注:图中1~37分别对应:1/C4:0,2/C6:0,3/C8:0,4/C10:0,5/C11:0,6/C12:0,7/C13:0,8/C14:0,9/C14:1,10/C15:0,11/C15:1,12/C16:0,13/C16:1,14/C17:0,15/C17:1,16/C18:0,17/C18:1n9t,l8/C18:1n9c,19/C18:2n6t,20/C18:2n6c,21/C20:0,22/C18:3n6,23/C20:1,24/C18:3n3,25/C21:0,26/C20:2,27/C22:0,28/C20:3n6,29/C22:1n9,30/C20:3n3,31/C20:4n6,32/C23:0,33/C22:2,34/C24:0,35/C20:5n3,36/C24:1,37/C22:6n3。

, figureFileSmall=gqTeQs5y5a3Y8KTWB4KK+Q==, figureFileBig=WtT01S2MhXvwla8YBSBKhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343936367477601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatogram of fatty acid methyl esters in vacuum freeze-dried samples, figureFileSmall=33NWWiAsgNWjJEwpH9fA1Q==, figureFileBig=8P+NtWiYDIu8U6HrU/uXNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343937327973226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=图2, caption=真空冷冻干燥样品脂肪酸甲酯色谱图

注:部分成分信号响应过低,未完全标注出,图中数字序号分别对应: 9/C14:1, 12/C16:0,13/C16:1, 16/C18:0, l8/C18:1n9c, 20/C18:2n6c,21/C20:0, 23/C20:1,24/C18:3n3,25/C21:0,26/C20:2,27/C22:0, 29/C22:1n9, 32/C23:0,33/C22:2,34/C24:0, 36/C24:1,37/C22:6n3。

, figureFileSmall=33NWWiAsgNWjJEwpH9fA1Q==, figureFileBig=8P+NtWiYDIu8U6HrU/uXNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343939395765113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Composition content (a), number (b), and Venn diagram (c) of volatile components in samples subjected to different drying treatments, figureFileSmall=E0BN44AYPm+V+nPQetSJ2g==, figureFileBig=xpWbjG8A3lCp038FJ5Qm1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343939982967677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同干燥样品挥发性成分组成含量(a)、个数(b)和韦恩图(c), figureFileSmall=E0BN44AYPm+V+nPQetSJ2g==, figureFileBig=xpWbjG8A3lCp038FJ5Qm1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940373037964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=PCA score plot, figureFileSmall=5Agnf97oSd66rB0Bl+o/Hw==, figureFileBig=xVcm6fSayuo+ORFsstwoXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940565975957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PCA 得分图, figureFileSmall=5Agnf97oSd66rB0Bl+o/Hw==, figureFileBig=xVcm6fSayuo+ORFsstwoXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940725359512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sample OPLS-DA score (A), model cross validation result graph (B), and VIP value graph (C), figureFileSmall=dUU8iiHhZe/5JBnlnWSqng==, figureFileBig=PReoOYpMS+kiaNI02wZKMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343941102846881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=图5, caption=样品的OPLS-DA得分图(A)、模型交叉验证结果图(B)和VIP值图(C), figureFileSmall=dUU8iiHhZe/5JBnlnWSqng==, figureFileBig=PReoOYpMS+kiaNI02wZKMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343941438391206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic nutritional components and their content in three different dry samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干燥方式粗蛋白含量(%)总糖含量(%)粗脂肪含量(%)粗纤维含量(%)灰分含量(%)核黄素含量(mg/100 g)
注:同列右肩不同的小写字母表示具有显著差异(P<0.05)。
VFD20.01±0.12a4.32±0.13a8.22±0.21a16.25±0.05a7.28±0.18a7.35±0.06a
HAD19.03±0.04b3.62±0.10b8.27±0.16a16.27±0.11a7.27±0.10a2.52±0.04b
ND18.08±0.05c3.65±0.08b8.19±0.04a16.31±0.07a7.33±0.08a1.40±0.02c
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941744575406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三种不同干燥处理样品中基本营养成分及含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干燥方式粗蛋白含量(%)总糖含量(%)粗脂肪含量(%)粗纤维含量(%)灰分含量(%)核黄素含量(mg/100 g)
注:同列右肩不同的小写字母表示具有显著差异(P<0.05)。
VFD20.01±0.12a4.32±0.13a8.22±0.21a16.25±0.05a7.28±0.18a7.35±0.06a
HAD19.03±0.04b3.62±0.10b8.27±0.16a16.27±0.11a7.27±0.10a2.52±0.04b
ND18.08±0.05c3.65±0.08b8.19±0.04a16.31±0.07a7.33±0.08a1.40±0.02c
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941954290617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mineral elements and their contents in three different dry samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素含量(mg/kg)
VFDHADND
注:同行右肩不同的小写字母表示具有显著差异(P<0.05);表3同。
Ca119.05±0.08c198.17±0.32a161.82±0.09b
Cu10.40±0.13a11.35±0.18a12.19±0.05a
Fe116.60±0.18a39.75±0.08c52.99±0.07b
K3070.56±0.22a2873.02±0.05a2939.96±0.34a
Na39.18±0.03a29.35±0.05b31.40±0.15b
Mg385.15±0.31a240.58±0.18c281.85±0.10b
Zn66.36±0.05a65.14±0.07b47.63±0.02c
Mn32.88±0.10a18.11±0.04c20.34±0.04b
Cd0.48±0.08a0.31±0.03b0.45±0.02a
Pb0.52±0.04a0.50±0.03a0.51±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1261343943711703998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三种不同干燥处理样品中矿物质元素及含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素含量(mg/kg)
VFDHADND
注:同行右肩不同的小写字母表示具有显著差异(P<0.05);表3同。
Ca119.05±0.08c198.17±0.32a161.82±0.09b
Cu10.40±0.13a11.35±0.18a12.19±0.05a
Fe116.60±0.18a39.75±0.08c52.99±0.07b
K3070.56±0.22a2873.02±0.05a2939.96±0.34a
Na39.18±0.03a29.35±0.05b31.40±0.15b
Mg385.15±0.31a240.58±0.18c281.85±0.10b
Zn66.36±0.05a65.14±0.07b47.63±0.02c
Mn32.88±0.10a18.11±0.04c20.34±0.04b
Cd0.48±0.08a0.31±0.03b0.45±0.02a
Pb0.52±0.04a0.50±0.03a0.51±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944001110982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of amino acid content in three different dry samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类含量(mg/g)
VFDHADND
注:*为必需氨基酸,表4表5同;EAA为必需氨基酸总量;NEAA为非必需氨基酸总量;TAA为氨基酸总量;MSG为鲜味氨基酸总量;D为药用氨基酸总量;E/T为必需氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值;E/N为必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量的比值;M/T为鲜味氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值;D/T为药用氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值。
天冬氨酸(Asp)12.41±0.25a11.68±0.42b12.00±0.30ab
谷氨酸(Glu)16.89±0.57a14.60±1.12b15.48±0.83ab
丝氨酸(Ser)6.97±0.13b6.68±0.12c7.41±0.13a
甘氨酸(Gly)5.53±0.19ab5.31±0.07b5.69±0.15a
组氨酸(His)15.15±1.43a14.60±1.14a16.73±0.94a
精氨酸(Arg)6.96±0.20c8.85±0.12b9.63±0.43a
苏氨酸(Thr)*6.23±0.07a5.45±0.04b6.38±0.11a
丙氨酸(Ala)7.02±0.24b7.46±0.16b7.97±0.25a
脯氨酸(Pro)6.93±0.26a6.77±0.12a7.09±0.26a
酪氨酸(Tyr)9.60±0.07a7.65±0.03b6.71±0.97b
缬氨酸(Val)*4.31±0.16a3.03±0.45b2.32±0.27c
蛋氨酸(Met)*5.23±0.06b5.45±0.18b6.02±0.30a
胱氨酸(Cys-Cys)1.01±0.30a0.95±0.23a1.34±0.13a
异亮氨酸(Ile)*4.52±0.13b4.66±0.16ab4.93±0.20a
亮氨酸(Leu)*8.58±0.08b8.53±0.29b9.45±0.32a
苯丙氨酸(Phe)*6.61±0.24a5.39±0.26b5.55±0.38b
赖氨酸(Lys)*5.48±0.05b5.55±0.03b5.88±0.12a
色氨酸(Trp)*1.54±0.02b1.28±0.02c1.70±0.02a
EAA42.50±0.20a39.33±0.27b42.23±0.94a
NEAA75.86±0.26a72.39±1.76b76.10±0.99a
TAA118.36±0.34a111.73±1.52b118.33±1.88a
MSG29.30±0.60a26.28±1.53b27.48±1.13ab
D77.30±0.43a73.01±1.27b76.41±1.17a
E/T(%)35.91±0.13a35.21±0.71a35.68±0.28a
E/N(%)56.02±0.32a54.36±1.70a55.48±0.67a
M/T(%)24.76±0.58a23.52±1.06a23.24±1.33a
D/T(%)65.31±0.54a65.34±0.37a64.57±0.19a
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944143717324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

三种不同干燥处理样品中氨基酸含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类含量(mg/g)
VFDHADND
注:*为必需氨基酸,表4表5同;EAA为必需氨基酸总量;NEAA为非必需氨基酸总量;TAA为氨基酸总量;MSG为鲜味氨基酸总量;D为药用氨基酸总量;E/T为必需氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值;E/N为必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量的比值;M/T为鲜味氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值;D/T为药用氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值。
天冬氨酸(Asp)12.41±0.25a11.68±0.42b12.00±0.30ab
谷氨酸(Glu)16.89±0.57a14.60±1.12b15.48±0.83ab
丝氨酸(Ser)6.97±0.13b6.68±0.12c7.41±0.13a
甘氨酸(Gly)5.53±0.19ab5.31±0.07b5.69±0.15a
组氨酸(His)15.15±1.43a14.60±1.14a16.73±0.94a
精氨酸(Arg)6.96±0.20c8.85±0.12b9.63±0.43a
苏氨酸(Thr)*6.23±0.07a5.45±0.04b6.38±0.11a
丙氨酸(Ala)7.02±0.24b7.46±0.16b7.97±0.25a
脯氨酸(Pro)6.93±0.26a6.77±0.12a7.09±0.26a
酪氨酸(Tyr)9.60±0.07a7.65±0.03b6.71±0.97b
缬氨酸(Val)*4.31±0.16a3.03±0.45b2.32±0.27c
蛋氨酸(Met)*5.23±0.06b5.45±0.18b6.02±0.30a
胱氨酸(Cys-Cys)1.01±0.30a0.95±0.23a1.34±0.13a
异亮氨酸(Ile)*4.52±0.13b4.66±0.16ab4.93±0.20a
亮氨酸(Leu)*8.58±0.08b8.53±0.29b9.45±0.32a
苯丙氨酸(Phe)*6.61±0.24a5.39±0.26b5.55±0.38b
赖氨酸(Lys)*5.48±0.05b5.55±0.03b5.88±0.12a
色氨酸(Trp)*1.54±0.02b1.28±0.02c1.70±0.02a
EAA42.50±0.20a39.33±0.27b42.23±0.94a
NEAA75.86±0.26a72.39±1.76b76.10±0.99a
TAA118.36±0.34a111.73±1.52b118.33±1.88a
MSG29.30±0.60a26.28±1.53b27.48±1.13ab
D77.30±0.43a73.01±1.27b76.41±1.17a
E/T(%)35.91±0.13a35.21±0.71a35.68±0.28a
E/N(%)56.02±0.32a54.36±1.70a55.48±0.67a
M/T(%)24.76±0.58a23.52±1.06a23.24±1.33a
D/T(%)65.31±0.54a65.34±0.37a64.57±0.19a
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944491844566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mass fractions of essential amino acids in total amino acids in samples under different drying methods compared with the reference spectrum

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸WHO/FAO模式全鸡蛋白 模式质量分数(%)
VFDHADND
苏氨酸Thr*44.75.264.885.39
缬氨酸Val*56.63.642.711.96
蛋氨酸Met*+胱氨酸Cys3.55.75.275.736.22
异亮氨酸Ile*45.43.824.174.17
亮氨酸Leu*78.67.257.637.99
酪氨酸Tyr+苯丙氨酸Phe*59.313.7011.6710.36
赖氨酸Lys*5.574.634.714.97
Trp*11.71.301.151.44
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944802223069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同干燥方式样品中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的质量分数与模式谱比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
必需氨基酸WHO/FAO模式全鸡蛋白 模式质量分数(%)
VFDHADND
苏氨酸Thr*44.75.264.885.39
缬氨酸Val*56.63.642.711.96
蛋氨酸Met*+胱氨酸Cys3.55.75.275.736.22
异亮氨酸Ile*45.43.824.174.17
亮氨酸Leu*78.67.257.637.99
酪氨酸Tyr+苯丙氨酸Phe*59.313.7011.6710.36
赖氨酸Lys*5.574.634.714.97
Trp*11.71.301.151.44
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945091630054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

AAS, CS, RAA, RC, SRC and EAAI values of essential amino acids in Amanita caesarea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
EAAVFDHADND
AASCSRAARCAASCSRAARCAASCSRAARC
苏氨酸Thr*131.50111.911.321.1122.00103.831.220.99134.75114.681.351.07
缬氨酸Val*72.8055.150.730.5654.2041.060.540.4439.2029.700.390.31
蛋氨酸Met*+胱氨酸Cys150.5792.461.511.16163.71100.531.641.33177.71109.121.781.41
异亮氨酸Ile*95.5070.740.960.73104.2577.221.040.85104.2577.221.040.83
亮氨酸Leu*103.5784.301.040.80109.0088.721.090.89114.1492.911.140.91
酪氨酸Tyr+苯丙氨酸Phe*274.00147.312.742.11233.40125.482.331.90207.20111.402.071.64
赖氨酸Lys*84.1866.140.840.6585.6467.290.860.7090.3671.000.900.72
色氨酸Trp*130.0076.471.301.00115.0067.651.150.93144.0084.711.441.14
AAS平均值130.27123.40126.45
SRC51.0956.0558.71
EAAI119.91113.87114.78
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945322316782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

橙盖鹅膏菌中必需氨基酸的 AAS、CS、RAA、RC、SRC和EAAI值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
EAAVFDHADND
AASCSRAARCAASCSRAARCAASCSRAARC
苏氨酸Thr*131.50111.911.321.1122.00103.831.220.99134.75114.681.351.07
缬氨酸Val*72.8055.150.730.5654.2041.060.540.4439.2029.700.390.31
蛋氨酸Met*+胱氨酸Cys150.5792.461.511.16163.71100.531.641.33177.71109.121.781.41
异亮氨酸Ile*95.5070.740.960.73104.2577.221.040.85104.2577.221.040.83
亮氨酸Leu*103.5784.301.040.80109.0088.721.090.89114.1492.911.140.91
酪氨酸Tyr+苯丙氨酸Phe*274.00147.312.742.11233.40125.482.331.90207.20111.402.071.64
赖氨酸Lys*84.1866.140.840.6585.6467.290.860.7090.3671.000.900.72
色氨酸Trp*130.0076.471.301.00115.0067.651.150.93144.0084.711.441.14
AAS平均值130.27123.40126.45
SRC51.0956.0558.71
EAAI119.91113.87114.78
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945532031989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Composition and content of fatty acids in Amanita caesarea samples subjected to three different drying treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸含量(μg/g)
VFDHADND
注:nd为未检测出,同行右肩不同的小写字母表示具有显著差异(P<0.05);表7同。
丁酸87.06±0.55a81.61±0.53b82.89±1.14b
己酸46.92±0.06a36.58±0.41b32.78±0.19c
辛酸ndnd23.51±0.27
十一碳酸ndnd47.85±0.26
十二碳酸nd35.90±0.27a21.75±0.21b
十四碳酸29.57±0.45c43.15±0.12b48.58±0.03a
十五碳酸181.12±1.26b106.94±0.16c279.92±0.58a
十六碳酸1421.99±0.61c3683.69±4.70a2894.90±0.41b
顺-9-十六碳一烯酸442.43±3.11b257.75±1.09c572.86±1.89a
顺-10-十七碳一烯酸61.46±0.03and38.33±0.45b
十八碳酸626.60±5.16c3122.47±0.09a1844.74±4.56b
顺-9-十八碳一烯酸19658.42±73.48c31591.98±13.64b34871.57±24.33a
顺,顺-9,12-十八碳二烯酸12208.16±0.80c14435.60±75.05b21482.72±12.91a
二十碳酸70.71±0.12c156.22±1.13a135.20±0.66b
顺-11-二十碳一烯酸172.25±1.58a85.48±0.58c105.32±1.30b
顺,顺,顺-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸36.45±0.14ndnd
二十一碳酸41.15±0.20ndnd
顺,顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸348.48±1.30c495.18±26.73b918.08±5.17a
二十二碳酸71.99±0.08c162.87±1.50a101.74±1.39b
顺,顺,顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸146.78±2.86ndnd
顺-13-二十二碳一烯酸82.04±2.2ndnd
顺-5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸117.34±2.09a44.12±0.45b39.83±0.84c
二十三碳酸468.35±4.60and37.48±0.61b
顺13,16-二十二碳二烯酸238.98±0.16a97.03±0.28b42.26±0.80c
二十四碳酸31673.75±63.31a2505.21±1.63b1580.47±0.07c
顺-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸428.21±0.89b139.73±0.99c602.11±2.00a
顺-15-二十四碳一烯酸545.17±0.43and390.94±1.04b
顺-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸7081.62±5.25a374.71±2.12b97.34±1.00c
总计76287.01±134.96a57456.25±75.20c66293.16±16.47b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945808856062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

三个不同干燥方式的橙盖鹅膏菌中脂肪酸组成及含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸含量(μg/g)
VFDHADND
注:nd为未检测出,同行右肩不同的小写字母表示具有显著差异(P<0.05);表7同。
丁酸87.06±0.55a81.61±0.53b82.89±1.14b
己酸46.92±0.06a36.58±0.41b32.78±0.19c
辛酸ndnd23.51±0.27
十一碳酸ndnd47.85±0.26
十二碳酸nd35.90±0.27a21.75±0.21b
十四碳酸29.57±0.45c43.15±0.12b48.58±0.03a
十五碳酸181.12±1.26b106.94±0.16c279.92±0.58a
十六碳酸1421.99±0.61c3683.69±4.70a2894.90±0.41b
顺-9-十六碳一烯酸442.43±3.11b257.75±1.09c572.86±1.89a
顺-10-十七碳一烯酸61.46±0.03and38.33±0.45b
十八碳酸626.60±5.16c3122.47±0.09a1844.74±4.56b
顺-9-十八碳一烯酸19658.42±73.48c31591.98±13.64b34871.57±24.33a
顺,顺-9,12-十八碳二烯酸12208.16±0.80c14435.60±75.05b21482.72±12.91a
二十碳酸70.71±0.12c156.22±1.13a135.20±0.66b
顺-11-二十碳一烯酸172.25±1.58a85.48±0.58c105.32±1.30b
顺,顺,顺-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸36.45±0.14ndnd
二十一碳酸41.15±0.20ndnd
顺,顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸348.48±1.30c495.18±26.73b918.08±5.17a
二十二碳酸71.99±0.08c162.87±1.50a101.74±1.39b
顺,顺,顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸146.78±2.86ndnd
顺-13-二十二碳一烯酸82.04±2.2ndnd
顺-5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸117.34±2.09a44.12±0.45b39.83±0.84c
二十三碳酸468.35±4.60and37.48±0.61b
顺13,16-二十二碳二烯酸238.98±0.16a97.03±0.28b42.26±0.80c
二十四碳酸31673.75±63.31a2505.21±1.63b1580.47±0.07c
顺-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸428.21±0.89b139.73±0.99c602.11±2.00a
顺-15-二十四碳一烯酸545.17±0.43and390.94±1.04b
顺-4,7,10,13,16,19-二十二碳六烯酸7081.62±5.25a374.71±2.12b97.34±1.00c
总计76287.01±134.96a57456.25±75.20c66293.16±16.47b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343946177953798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Volatile components and their relative contents in Amanita caesarea subjected to three different drying treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类型化合物英文名CAS号相对含量(%)
VFDHADND
1醇类2-乙基己醇1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-104-76-70.26±0.02a0.27±0.09a0.31±0.05a
2二甲基硅烷二醇Silanediol, dimethyl-1066-42-80.07±0.02b0.14±0.04a0.03±0.00b
3正己醇1-Hexanol111-27-3nd0.19±0.02nd
4正辛醇1-Octanol111-87-5nd0.06±0.00nd
5十一醇1-Undecanol112-42-5nd0.03±0.00nd
6异戊醇1-Butanol, 3-methyl-123-51-3nd0.67±0.05a0.54±0.05b
7反-2-辛烯-1-醇2-Octen-1-ol, (E)-18409-17-1nd0.06±0.01nd
82,6-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4-醇m-Dioxan-4-ol, 2,6-dimethyl-4740-77-6ndnd0.03±0.00
9辛醇3-Octanol589-98-00.2±0.05b0.57±0.10a0.25±0.04b
102-乙烯氧基乙醇Ethanol, 2-(vinyloxy)-764-48-7ndnd40.79±1.8
112-甲基庚-6-烯-3-醇2-Methyl-6-hepten-3-ol78631-45-59.15±1.02ndnd
122-壬烯-4-炔-1-醇2-Nonen-4-yn-1-ol, (Z)-134225-90-4ndnd0.03±0.00
13醛类苯甲醛Benzaldehyde100-52-71.73±0.31a0.35±0.02bnd
142-亚甲基己醛2-n-Butylacrolein1070-66-21.94±0.08a0.18±0.03bnd
15正戊醛Pentanal110-62-32.43±0.20a0.30±0.03c1.80±0.22b
16正庚醛Heptanal111-71-70.56±0.07a0.18±0.03bnd
17癸醛Decanal112-31-20.04±0.01a0.03±0.00a0.04±0.00a
182-苯基乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde122-78-10.15±0.02b0.29±0.07a0.10±0.02b
192-甲基戊醛Pentanal, 2-methyl-123-15-91.24±0.17ndnd
20正丁醛Butanal123-72-8nd0.21±0.04nd
21正辛醛Octanal124-13-00.42±0.05a0.36±0.02b0.40±0.03ab
22正壬醛Nonanal124-19-60.76±0.04a0.29±0.03c0.51±0.04b
23反-2-壬醛2-Nonenal, (E)-18829-56-60.05±0.03bnd0.11±0.04a
243-甲基己醛Hexanal, 3-methyl-19269-28-4ndnd0.32±0.04
25反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)-25152-84-5ndnd0.03±0.00
26E-2-辛烯醛2-Octenal, (E)-2548-87-00.12±0.04bnd0.49±0.03a
27阿托醛2-Phenylpropenal4432-63-70.1±0.04ab0.06±0.00b0.14±0.03a
284-甲基-3-戊烯醛3-Pentenal, 4-methyl-5362-50-50.44±0.06and0.13±0.03b
29异戊醛Butanal, 3-methyl-590-86-312.55±0.11a8.68±0.73b6.48±0.93c
30正己醛Hexanal66-25-113.16±0.67a5.49±0.17c10.27±1.20b
31反-2-己烯醛2-Hexenal, (E)-6728-26-30.32±0.04ndnd
322-十三(碳)烯醛2-Tridecenal, (E)-7069-41-20.06±0.02ndnd
33异丁醛Propanal, 2-methyl-78-84-25.15±1.02a6.70±0.79a2.15±0.39b
34酸类冰醋酸Acetic acid64-19-7nd0.03±0.00a0.02±0.00b
35L-(+)-乳酸L-Lactic acid79-33-43.34±0.54ndnd
36酯类碳酸二壬基丙-1-烯-2-基酯Carbonic acid, decyl prop-1-en-2-yl ester103-24-2nd9.40±0.68nd
37辛酸甲酯Octanoic acid, methyl ester111-11-50.02±0.00and0.02±0.00a
38异戊酸甲酯Methyl isovalerate556-24-10.23±0.03ndnd
391-甲基-2-氧代-3-环己烯-1-甲酸甲酯3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-2-oxo-, methyl ester73611-76-40.07±0.03ndnd
40反-2-辛烯酸甲酯2-Octenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-7367-81-90.04±0.01and0.02±0.00b
41二甲基丙二酸二(3-乙氧基丙基)酯Dimethylmalonic acid, octadecyl 3-phenylpropyl ester1619-62-12.10±0.15ndnd
422-环丙基-2-硝基-1-苯基乙醇2-Cyclopropyl-2-nitro-1-phenyl-ethanol2566-44-1ndnd0.72±0.10
43烃类2,6,10-三甲基十三烷2,6,10-Trimethyltridecane3891-99-40.01±0.00ndnd
442,2,4,15,17,17-六甲基-7,12-双(3,5,5-三甲基己基)十八烷Octadecane,2,2,4,15,17,17-hexamethyl-7,12-bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)-55470-97-8nd12.60±2.98nd
45二十一烷Heneicosane629-94-70.06±0.01a0.03±0.00bnd
46苯乙烯Styrene100-42-5ndnd0.54±0.06
47顺式3-甲基-2-己烯2-Hexene, 3-methyl-, (Z)-10574-36-40.09±0.02ndnd
481-辛烯1-Octene111-66-00.21±0.03c0.24±0.05b0.25±0.03a
491-十二烯1-Dodecene112-41-40.04±0.01ndnd
501-二十二烯1-Docosene1599-67-3ndnd0.02±0.00
51(+)-柠檬烯D-Limonene5989-27-54.24±0.20a2.49±0.36b2.95±0.14b
521,3,5,7-环辛四烯1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene629-20-90.70±0.04a0.67±0.09and
53蒎烯(+)-alpha-Pinene7785-70-80.11±0.02ndnd
54γ-松油烯.gamma.-Terpinene99-85-40.09±0.03a0.07±0.01a0.06±0.01a
55酮类3-辛酮3-Octanone106-68-31.37±0.11b1.12±0.12c2.83±0.06a
562-十一酮2-Undecanone112-12-90.09±0.02and0.05±0.01b
571-辛烯-3-酮1-Octen-3-one4312-99-60.42±0.04b0.29±0.03c0.64±0.05a
582,3-丁二酮2,3-Butanedione431-3-8ndnd0.55±0.05
592-己酮2-Hexanone591-78-6ndnd0.71±0.0
602-(2-氧代丙基)环戊酮2-Acetonylcyclopentanone60415-94-30.08±0.03and0.06±0.01a
612-癸酮2-Decanone693-54-90.03±0.02ndnd
62苯乙酮Acetophenone98-86-20.04±0.01ndnd
639-氧杂双环[4.2.1]任-7-烯-4-酮9-Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]non-7-en-3-one76400-39-05.03±0.15ndnd
64杂环类2-戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl-3777-69-3nd0.96±0.06b2.14±0.16a
652-庚基呋喃2-n-Heptylfuran3777-71-70.01±0.00ndnd
662-丁基呋喃2-n-Butyl furan4466-24-40.45±0.02ndnd
67辛基环丙烷Cyclopropane, octyl-1472-9-9ndnd0.02±0.00
682-庚基环氧乙烷1,2-Epoxynonane28114-20-7ndnd22.31±1.16
69十二甲基环六硅氧烷Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-540-97-60.05±0.00ndnd
70环五聚二甲基硅氧烷Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-541-2-60.05±0.01and0.02±0.00b
71八甲基环四硅氧烷Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl-556-67-20.04±0.00ndnd
721-甲基-4-(2-甲基环氧乙烷基)-7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)-96-08-20.03±0.00ndnd
73含硫类二甲基三硫Dimethyl trisulfide3658-80-80.12±0.03ndnd
74二甲基二硫醚Disulfide, dimethyl624-92-00.72±0.05ndnd
75其他类八甘醇单十二烷基醚Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether3055-98-98.62±0.97ndnd
76邻-正丙基羟胺o-n-Propylhydroxylamine5792-43-8nd36.31±2.49nd
77乙苯Ethylbenzene100-41-40.32±0.04a0.20±0.03a0.26±0.09a
782H-1b,4-Ethanopentaleno[1,2-b]oxirene,hexahydro-,(1a-alpha-,1b-bta-,4-bta-,4a-alpha-,5a-alpha-)- (9CI)2H-1b,4-Ethanopentaleno[1,2-b]oxirene,hexahydro-,(1a-alpha-,1b-bta-,4-bta-,4a-alpha-,5a-alpha-)- (9CI)117221-80-40.02±0.00bnd0.04±0.00a
79邻-异丙基苯o-Cymene527-84-40.10±0.04ndnd
80羟胺Hydroxylamine7803-49-8nd9.90±0.88nd
812-氨乙基异丙醚2-Isopropoxyethylamine81731-43-319.33±1.23ndnd
82邻二甲苯o-Xylene95-47-60.56±0.07a0.45±0.06ab0.42±0.03b
831,1-双十二烷氧基十六烷Hexadecane, 1,1-bis(dodecyloxy)-56554-64-40.30±0.08a0.04±0.00b0.35±0.02a
84十二甲基二氢六硅氧烷Hexasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-dodecamethyl-995-82-40.02±0.00and0.01±0.00b
总计99.96±0.01a100.00±0.02a100.00±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1261343948065390604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849876734074, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

三种不同干燥的橙盖鹅膏菌中挥发性成分及相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类型化合物英文名CAS号相对含量(%)
VFDHADND
1醇类2-乙基己醇1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-104-76-70.26±0.02a0.27±0.09a0.31±0.05a
2二甲基硅烷二醇Silanediol, dimethyl-1066-42-80.07±0.02b0.14±0.04a0.03±0.00b
3正己醇1-Hexanol111-27-3nd0.19±0.02nd
4正辛醇1-Octanol111-87-5nd0.06±0.00nd
5十一醇1-Undecanol112-42-5nd0.03±0.00nd
6异戊醇1-Butanol, 3-methyl-123-51-3nd0.67±0.05a0.54±0.05b
7反-2-辛烯-1-醇2-Octen-1-ol, (E)-18409-17-1nd0.06±0.01nd
82,6-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4-醇m-Dioxan-4-ol, 2,6-dimethyl-4740-77-6ndnd0.03±0.00
9辛醇3-Octanol589-98-00.2±0.05b0.57±0.10a0.25±0.04b
102-乙烯氧基乙醇Ethanol, 2-(vinyloxy)-764-48-7ndnd40.79±1.8
112-甲基庚-6-烯-3-醇2-Methyl-6-hepten-3-ol78631-45-59.15±1.02ndnd
122-壬烯-4-炔-1-醇2-Nonen-4-yn-1-ol, (Z)-134225-90-4ndnd0.03±0.00
13醛类苯甲醛Benzaldehyde100-52-71.73±0.31a0.35±0.02bnd
142-亚甲基己醛2-n-Butylacrolein1070-66-21.94±0.08a0.18±0.03bnd
15正戊醛Pentanal110-62-32.43±0.20a0.30±0.03c1.80±0.22b
16正庚醛Heptanal111-71-70.56±0.07a0.18±0.03bnd
17癸醛Decanal112-31-20.04±0.01a0.03±0.00a0.04±0.00a
182-苯基乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde122-78-10.15±0.02b0.29±0.07a0.10±0.02b
192-甲基戊醛Pentanal, 2-methyl-123-15-91.24±0.17ndnd
20正丁醛Butanal123-72-8nd0.21±0.04nd
21正辛醛Octanal124-13-00.42±0.05a0.36±0.02b0.40±0.03ab
22正壬醛Nonanal124-19-60.76±0.04a0.29±0.03c0.51±0.04b
23反-2-壬醛2-Nonenal, (E)-18829-56-60.05±0.03bnd0.11±0.04a
243-甲基己醛Hexanal, 3-methyl-19269-28-4ndnd0.32±0.04
25反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)-25152-84-5ndnd0.03±0.00
26E-2-辛烯醛2-Octenal, (E)-2548-87-00.12±0.04bnd0.49±0.03a
27阿托醛2-Phenylpropenal4432-63-70.1±0.04ab0.06±0.00b0.14±0.03a
284-甲基-3-戊烯醛3-Pentenal, 4-methyl-5362-50-50.44±0.06and0.13±0.03b
29异戊醛Butanal, 3-methyl-590-86-312.55±0.11a8.68±0.73b6.48±0.93c
30正己醛Hexanal66-25-113.16±0.67a5.49±0.17c10.27±1.20b
31反-2-己烯醛2-Hexenal, (E)-6728-26-30.32±0.04ndnd
322-十三(碳)烯醛2-Tridecenal, (E)-7069-41-20.06±0.02ndnd
33异丁醛Propanal, 2-methyl-78-84-25.15±1.02a6.70±0.79a2.15±0.39b
34酸类冰醋酸Acetic acid64-19-7nd0.03±0.00a0.02±0.00b
35L-(+)-乳酸L-Lactic acid79-33-43.34±0.54ndnd
36酯类碳酸二壬基丙-1-烯-2-基酯Carbonic acid, decyl prop-1-en-2-yl ester103-24-2nd9.40±0.68nd
37辛酸甲酯Octanoic acid, methyl ester111-11-50.02±0.00and0.02±0.00a
38异戊酸甲酯Methyl isovalerate556-24-10.23±0.03ndnd
391-甲基-2-氧代-3-环己烯-1-甲酸甲酯3-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 1-methyl-2-oxo-, methyl ester73611-76-40.07±0.03ndnd
40反-2-辛烯酸甲酯2-Octenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-7367-81-90.04±0.01and0.02±0.00b
41二甲基丙二酸二(3-乙氧基丙基)酯Dimethylmalonic acid, octadecyl 3-phenylpropyl ester1619-62-12.10±0.15ndnd
422-环丙基-2-硝基-1-苯基乙醇2-Cyclopropyl-2-nitro-1-phenyl-ethanol2566-44-1ndnd0.72±0.10
43烃类2,6,10-三甲基十三烷2,6,10-Trimethyltridecane3891-99-40.01±0.00ndnd
442,2,4,15,17,17-六甲基-7,12-双(3,5,5-三甲基己基)十八烷Octadecane,2,2,4,15,17,17-hexamethyl-7,12-bis(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)-55470-97-8nd12.60±2.98nd
45二十一烷Heneicosane629-94-70.06±0.01a0.03±0.00bnd
46苯乙烯Styrene100-42-5ndnd0.54±0.06
47顺式3-甲基-2-己烯2-Hexene, 3-methyl-, (Z)-10574-36-40.09±0.02ndnd
481-辛烯1-Octene111-66-00.21±0.03c0.24±0.05b0.25±0.03a
491-十二烯1-Dodecene112-41-40.04±0.01ndnd
501-二十二烯1-Docosene1599-67-3ndnd0.02±0.00
51(+)-柠檬烯D-Limonene5989-27-54.24±0.20a2.49±0.36b2.95±0.14b
521,3,5,7-环辛四烯1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene629-20-90.70±0.04a0.67±0.09and
53蒎烯(+)-alpha-Pinene7785-70-80.11±0.02ndnd
54γ-松油烯.gamma.-Terpinene99-85-40.09±0.03a0.07±0.01a0.06±0.01a
55酮类3-辛酮3-Octanone106-68-31.37±0.11b1.12±0.12c2.83±0.06a
562-十一酮2-Undecanone112-12-90.09±0.02and0.05±0.01b
571-辛烯-3-酮1-Octen-3-one4312-99-60.42±0.04b0.29±0.03c0.64±0.05a
582,3-丁二酮2,3-Butanedione431-3-8ndnd0.55±0.05
592-己酮2-Hexanone591-78-6ndnd0.71±0.0
602-(2-氧代丙基)环戊酮2-Acetonylcyclopentanone60415-94-30.08±0.03and0.06±0.01a
612-癸酮2-Decanone693-54-90.03±0.02ndnd
62苯乙酮Acetophenone98-86-20.04±0.01ndnd
639-氧杂双环[4.2.1]任-7-烯-4-酮9-Oxabicyclo[4.2.1]non-7-en-3-one76400-39-05.03±0.15ndnd
64杂环类2-戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl-3777-69-3nd0.96±0.06b2.14±0.16a
652-庚基呋喃2-n-Heptylfuran3777-71-70.01±0.00ndnd
662-丁基呋喃2-n-Butyl furan4466-24-40.45±0.02ndnd
67辛基环丙烷Cyclopropane, octyl-1472-9-9ndnd0.02±0.00
682-庚基环氧乙烷1,2-Epoxynonane28114-20-7ndnd22.31±1.16
69十二甲基环六硅氧烷Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl-540-97-60.05±0.00ndnd
70环五聚二甲基硅氧烷Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl-541-2-60.05±0.01and0.02±0.00b
71八甲基环四硅氧烷Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl-556-67-20.04±0.00ndnd
721-甲基-4-(2-甲基环氧乙烷基)-7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)-96-08-20.03±0.00ndnd
73含硫类二甲基三硫Dimethyl trisulfide3658-80-80.12±0.03ndnd
74二甲基二硫醚Disulfide, dimethyl624-92-00.72±0.05ndnd
75其他类八甘醇单十二烷基醚Octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether3055-98-98.62±0.97ndnd
76邻-正丙基羟胺o-n-Propylhydroxylamine5792-43-8nd36.31±2.49nd
77乙苯Ethylbenzene100-41-40.32±0.04a0.20±0.03a0.26±0.09a
782H-1b,4-Ethanopentaleno[1,2-b]oxirene,hexahydro-,(1a-alpha-,1b-bta-,4-bta-,4a-alpha-,5a-alpha-)- (9CI)2H-1b,4-Ethanopentaleno[1,2-b]oxirene,hexahydro-,(1a-alpha-,1b-bta-,4-bta-,4a-alpha-,5a-alpha-)- (9CI)117221-80-40.02±0.00bnd0.04±0.00a
79邻-异丙基苯o-Cymene527-84-40.10±0.04ndnd
80羟胺Hydroxylamine7803-49-8nd9.90±0.88nd
812-氨乙基异丙醚2-Isopropoxyethylamine81731-43-319.33±1.23ndnd
82邻二甲苯o-Xylene95-47-60.56±0.07a0.45±0.06ab0.42±0.03b
831,1-双十二烷氧基十六烷Hexadecane, 1,1-bis(dodecyloxy)-56554-64-40.30±0.08a0.04±0.00b0.35±0.02a
84十二甲基二氢六硅氧烷Hexasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-dodecamethyl-995-82-40.02±0.00and0.01±0.00b
总计99.96±0.01a100.00±0.02a100.00±0.03a
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三种不同干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌基本营养成分和挥发性物质的影响
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陶忠发 1 , 辜雪冬 2 , 钟政昌 3 , 马长中 *, 1
食品工业科技 | 包装与机械 2026,47(9): 266-277
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食品工业科技 | 包装与机械 2026, 47(9): 266-277
三种不同干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌基本营养成分和挥发性物质的影响
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陶忠发1 , 辜雪冬2, 钟政昌3, 马长中*, 1
作者信息
  • 1.西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏林芝 860000
  • 2.西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏特农牧资源研发省部共建协同创新中心,西藏林芝 860000
  • 3.西藏野生生物资源评价与利用实验室,西藏林芝 860000
  • 陶忠发(1998−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

通讯作者:

马长中(1975−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:高原特色农畜产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:
Effects of Three Different Drying Methods on the Basic Nutritional Components and Volatile Substances of Amanita caesarea
Zhongfa TAO1 , Xuedong GU2, Zhengchang ZHONG3, Changzhong MA*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
  • 2.College of Food Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources Research, Nyingchi 860000, China
  • 3.Xizang Laboratory of Wildlife Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Nyingchi 860000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060233
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为探究不同干燥处理下橙盖鹅膏菌营养特性的变化规律,本研究以新鲜橙盖鹅膏菌为原料,采用真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥、自然晾晒干燥三种干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌进行干燥处理,通过相关方法技术,如原子吸收分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱质谱联用法、气相色谱法、考马斯亮蓝法、硫酸苯酚法、索氏提取法、纤维测定仪酸碱水解法、食品中总灰分的测定方法、荧光分光光度法对不同干燥处理后的橙盖鹅膏菌中的10种矿物质、18种氨基酸、挥发性物质、脂肪酸、粗蛋白、总糖、粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分、核黄素进行分析。结果表明真空冷冻干燥中粗蛋白、总糖、核黄素的含量最高,不同的干燥方式对核黄素含量的影响较大,而对粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分的影响较小;矿物质Ca在热风干燥中含量最高,Fe、Na、Mg、Zn和Mn在真空冷冻干燥中含量最高;氨基酸总量、氨基酸评分以及必需氨基酸指数均为真空冷冻干燥>自然晾晒干燥>热风干燥;挥发性成分种类在真空冷冻干燥中最多,其次是自然晾晒干燥、热风干燥;脂肪酸种类及含量均为真空冷冻干燥>自然晾晒干燥>热风干燥。基于以上三种干燥方式可见,真空冷冻干燥对橙盖鹅膏菌中营养成分种类及含量的保留效果最优,其次是自然晾晒干燥、热风干燥,由此真空冷冻干燥更适合用于干燥橙盖鹅膏菌。本文通过研究三种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌基本营养成分和挥发性物质的保留效果,为更加科学合理地干燥橙盖鹅膏菌以及其他食用菌提供了一定的理论依据。

橙盖鹅膏菌  /  不同干燥方式  /  矿物质元素  /  氨基酸评析  /  脂肪酸  /  挥发性物质

To investigate the changes in nutritional characteristics of Amanita caesarea under different drying treatments, in this study, we used fresh A. caesarea as raw material and subjected them to three drying methods: vacuum freeze drying, hot air drying, and natural sun drying. The 10 kinds of minerals, 18 kinds of amino acids, volatile substances, fatty acids, crude protein, total sugar, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and riboflavin in Amanita caesarea after different drying treatments were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, Coomassie brilliant blue method, phenol-sulfuric acid method, Soxhlet extraction method, acid-base hydrolysis method of fiber analyzer, determination method of total ash in food and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results showed that vacuum freeze drying yielded the highest levels of crude protein, total sugar, and riboflavin, different drying methods had a significant impact on riboflavin content, while their effects on crude fat, crude fiber, and ash were relatively small. The mineral calcium (Ca) content was highest in hot air drying, whereas iron (Fe), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were highest in vacuum freeze drying. The total amino acid content, amino acid score, and essential amino acid index were ranked as follows: vacuum freeze drying>natural sun drying>hot air drying. The number of volatile compounds was highest in vacuum freeze drying, followed by natural sun drying and hot air drying. The types and contents of fatty acids were vacuum freeze drying>natural sun drying>hot air drying. Based on the above three drying methods, it could be seen that vacuum freeze drying had the best retention effect on the types and contents of nutritional in A. caesarea, followed by natural sun drying and hot air drying. Therefore, vacuum freeze drying was more suitable for drying A. caesarea. This study provides a theoretical basis for more scientific and rational drying of A. caesarea and other edible fungi by investigating the retention basic nutrients and volatile substances under three different drying treatments.

Amanita caesarea  /  different drying methods  /  mineral elements  /  amino acid analysis  /  fatty acids  /  volatile substances
陶忠发, 辜雪冬, 钟政昌, 马长中. 三种不同干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌基本营养成分和挥发性物质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 266 -277 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060233
Zhongfa TAO, Xuedong GU, Zhengchang ZHONG, Changzhong MA. Effects of Three Different Drying Methods on the Basic Nutritional Components and Volatile Substances of Amanita caesarea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 266 -277 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060233
橙盖鹅膏菌(Amanita caesarea)属于担子菌亚门层菌纲伞菌目鹅膏菌科鹅膏属,在我国主要分布于河北、黑龙江、广东、福建、云南、四川、西藏等地[1]。西藏因其独特的地理位置和自然环境,引起了很多国内外学者的关注,尤其是以林芝为代表的藏东南地区,气候类型多样,生态环境复杂,大型真菌种类多,拥有丰富的橙盖鹅膏菌。在鹅膏属中橙盖鹅膏菌是非常著名的食用菌之一,橙盖鹅膏菌因幼时呈鹅蛋状又名鹅蛋菌,其菌盖多为黄桔色,表面光滑,略带黏液,表面有一层白色的外衣紧紧包住鹅蛋菌菌盖,肉呈白色,内部空心[2]。橙盖鹅膏菌作为西藏林芝具有特色的食用菌之一,其具有较高的药用食用价值,但目前对于橙盖鹅膏菌营养成分的研究鲜有报道,罗禹等[1]从橙盖鹅膏菌中分离纯化出八种化合物,其中的麦角甾醇成分具有抑菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒、降血糖和免疫调节[3]等作用,DOĞAN等[4]在橙盖鹅膏菌中发现了酚类物质儿茶素、阿魏酸、对香豆酸和肉桂酸,并通过鉴定脂肪酸发现油酸为主要成分。
干燥作为一种应用最广泛的加工贮藏方法,可有效延长食用菌货架期,目前已广泛应用在香菇、杏鲍菇、双孢菇、金针菇等菌菇的脱水储藏中[5],其主要通过降低食用菌水分含量达到降低食用菌自身酶活性、抑制微生物生长繁殖的作用,可提高食用菌的生物利用率和经济效益[6]。然而不同的干燥方式对食用菌原料的色泽、水分、营养物质和挥发性化合物含量等品质特性都会有较大影响[7],且在干燥过程中,挥发性物质因发生了诸如酶促反应、美拉德反应、Strecker降解等一系列复杂反应而变化[5]。研究表明不同的干燥方式会影响食用菌的营养组分和挥发性成分,如氨基酸含量的变化[8],一些特征挥发性成分的损失等[9]。新鲜橙盖鹅膏菌水分含量高,不易贮藏,因此干燥成为了橙盖鹅膏菌长期贮藏的重要方法之一,目前关于干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌营养成分及挥发性物质的影响鲜有报道。
为探究不同干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌营养成分价值的影响,本研究采用真空冷冻干燥(vacuum freeze drying,VFD)、热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)和自然晾晒干燥(natural drying,ND)三种不同的干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌进行干燥处理,通过分析比较橙盖鹅膏菌菌中营养成分种类及含量在不同干燥方式中的差异性,探究橙盖鹅膏菌最佳的干燥保藏条件,为橙盖鹅膏菌的干燥贮藏提供一定的理论依据。
样品 于2024年7月采摘自西藏林芝市巴宜区色季拉山,经西藏农牧学院食品科学学院李连强副教授鉴定为橙盖鹅膏菌;氯化钾、氯化钠、氯化锶、氢氧化钠、无水硫酸钠、石油醚(均为分析纯)、正庚烷(色谱纯)、10种矿物质元素标准液 天津市致远化学试剂有限公司;硝酸 分析纯,成都市科隆化学品有限公司;硫酸 分析纯,安徽金粤冠新材料科技有限公司;葡萄糖标准品 分析纯,纯度≥98%,成都瑞芬思德丹生物科技有限公司;考马斯亮蓝G-250 高纯,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;无水乙酸钠、盐酸 均为分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;三乙胺(优级纯)、磷酸二氢铵(分析纯) 成都市科龙化工试剂厂;18种氨基酸标准品 色谱纯,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;三氟化硼(纯度为96%)、异硫氰酸苯酯(纯度为98%) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;苯酚、乙醚 均为分析纯,成都市联合化工试剂研究所;乙腈 色谱纯,赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;甲醇 色谱纯,天津益仁达化工有限公司;37种脂肪酸甲酯混标 上海安普实验科技股份有限公司;焦性没食子酸 分析纯,贵州遵义佳宏化工有限责任公司。
F30520200意大利VELP-纤维测定仪 德祥科技有限公司;UV-2102PCS型紫外可见分光光度计 尤尼柯(上海)仪器有限公司;RE52CS旋转蒸发仪 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;DW-86L338J超低温保存箱 青岛海尔生物医疗股份有限公司;SB-600电热板 山东鄄城现代实验仪器有限公司;HG-10-4B陶瓷纤维马弗炉 上海禾工科学仪器有限公司;AA-700S原子吸收分光光度计、EW-320AC无油低噪音空压机 北京东西分析仪器有限公司;LGJ-20F真空冷冻干燥机 北京松源华真科技发展有限公司;DHG-9123A电热鼓风干燥箱 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;1100液相色谱仪 安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司;GCMS-QP2020 NX气相色谱质谱联用仪、AOC-6000顶空自动进样器 岛津企业管理(中国)有限公司;Varian CP-3800气相色谱仪 美国瓦里安技术中国有限公司;Cary 660 FTIR傅里叶红外光谱仪 广州市深华生物科技有限公司;Diamonsil AAA色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 µm)、DM-2560色谱柱(100 m×0.25 mm×0.20 μm) 北京迪科马科技有限公司;Rtx-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) 美国色谱集成技术公司。
真空冷冻干燥(VFD):取适量新鲜橙盖鹅膏菌于−80 ℃超低温保存箱预冷结冰后,平铺于层架上,置于真空冷冻干燥箱内,设置真空度为2 MPa,温度−70 ℃,干燥至恒重(48 h);热风干燥(HAD):取一定量新鲜橙盖鹅膏菌置于搪瓷托盘内,放入50 ℃鼓风干燥箱中烘干至恒重(24 h);自然晾晒干燥(ND):取橙盖鹅膏菌适量,分散于晾晒架上,置于干燥通风处,日光下自然晾晒至恒重(96 h)[1011]。干燥样品经粉碎后过80目筛,置于干燥器阴凉处备用。
粗蛋白含量测定参照文献[12]中的方法;总糖含量测定参照文献[13]中的方法;粗脂肪含量:采用GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》中的索氏提取法进行测定;粗纤维含量:采用梁萌等[14]测定粗纤维的方法,用纤维测定仪进行测定分析;灰分含量:采用GB 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》中第一法食品中总灰分的测定进行测定;核黄素含量:采用GB 5009.85-2016《食品国家安全标准 食品中维生素B2的测定》中第二法荧光分光光度法进行测定。
参考GB 5009.91-2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中钾、钠的测定》;GB 5009.92-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中钙的测定》;GB 5009.241-2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中镁的测定》;GB 5009.90-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中铁的测定》;GB 5009.13-2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中铜的测定》;GB 5009.14-2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中锌的测定》;GB 5009.242-2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中锰的测定》;GB5009.15-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中镉的测定》;GB 5009.123-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中铬的测定》;GB5009.12-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中铅的测定》中的相应方法进行测定;除镉、铬、铅元素使用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法外,其余元素都使用火焰原子吸收光谱法。
采用6 mol/L盐酸水解样品,参照文献[15]使用异硫氰酸苯酯对标准品及样品进行柱前衍生化。色谱条件:采用Diamonsil AAA色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 µm),0.05 mol/L乙酸钠水溶液(用冰乙酸调节pH至6.50±0.05)作为流动相A,流动相B为甲醇、乙腈和水的混合溶液(甲醇:乙腈:水=1:3:1,体积比)。流速0.9 mL/min;检测波长254 nm;柱温45 ℃;进样量6 μL;梯度程序:0~39 min,95%~52%A;39~40 min,52%~40%A;40~45 min,40%~10%A;45~46 min,10%~95%A;46~60 min,95%A;检测时间60 min。色氨酸采用碱水解,紫外分光光度计,590 nm波长下进行测定[16]
采用化学评分(chemical score,CS)[17],氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)[18],氨基酸比值(ratio of amino acid,RAA),氨基酸比值系数(RAA/ratio coefficient,RC),氨基酸比值系数分(score of ratio coefficient of amino acid,SRC)和必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI))值[19]对氨基酸进行评价[20]。相关计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{CS}=\frac{\mathrm{A_X}}{\mathrm{A_S}}\times 100 $
$ \mathrm{AAS}=\frac{\mathrm{A_X}}{\mathrm{A_{EGG}}}\times 100 $
$ \mathrm{RAA}=\frac{\mathrm{A_X}}{\mathrm{A_{EGG}}} $
$ \mathrm{RC}=\frac{\mathrm{RAA}}{\mathrm{RAA_{AVG}}} $
$ \mathrm{SRC}=100\left(1-\frac{\mathrm{RC_{SD}}}{\mathrm{RC_{AVG}}}\right) $
$ \mathrm{EAAI}=\sqrt[\mathrm{n}]{\frac{{\mathrm{Lys}}^{\mathrm{p}}}{{\mathrm{Lys}}^{\mathrm{S}}}\times 100\times \frac{{\mathrm{Trp}}^{\mathrm{p}}}{{\mathrm{Trp}}^{\mathrm{s}}}\times 100\times \cdots \cdots \times \frac{{\mathrm{Thr}}^{\mathrm{p}}}{{\mathrm{Thr}}^{\mathrm{s}}}\times 100} $
$ \mathrm{TAA}({\text{%})}=\frac{\mathrm{EAA}_{\text{al}}}{\mathrm{TAA}}\times100 $
式中:AX为待测蛋白质中某一种必需氨基酸的含量,mg/g;AS为FAO/WHO评分标准模式中同种氨基酸含量,mg/g;AEGG为鸡蛋蛋白质中同种氨基酸含量,mg/g;RAAAVG为氨基酸比值的平均值;RCSD为氨基酸比值系数的标准差;RCAVG为氨基酸比值系数的平均值;n为比较的氨基酸数;Lysp、Trpp、Thrp分别为被评价蛋白中赖氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸在必需氨基酸总量中的占比;Lyss、Trps、Thrs分别为模式蛋白(鸡蛋蛋白)中赖氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸在必需氨基酸总量中的占比;EAAal为某一个单项必需氨基酸组分含量,mg/g;TAA为总氨基酸含量,mg/g。
参照文献[2122]方法,样品经酸水解后,通过乙醚石油醚混合液萃取,氢氧化钠甲醇溶液皂化和三氟化硼甲醇溶液甲酯化后,采用气相色谱仪(GC-FID)进行测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为DM-2560(100 m×0.25 mm×0.20 μm);进样口温度260 ℃;进样体积5 μL;分流比为2:1;载气为氮气,流速2.3 mL/min;检测器(FID)温度为260 ℃;采用程序升温,110 ℃(保持13 min),以10 ℃/min升温至180 ℃(保持6 min),再以1 ℃/min升温至190 ℃(保持20 min),最后以4 ℃/min升温至250 ℃(保持15 min)。结果参照GB5009.168-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪酸的测定》中外标法进行计算。
参考文献[23]中的方法,色谱条件:采用Rtx—5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)毛细管色谱柱;载气为氮气;流速为2 mL/min;进样口温度为250 ℃;进样模式为不分流;采用程序升温模式,初始温度35 ℃(保持6 min),以4 ℃/min升温至120 ℃(保持3 min),最后以8 ℃/min升温至240 ℃(保持5 min)。质谱条件:电离模式为EI;电子能量为70 eV;离子源温度为230 ℃;界面温度为240 ℃;数据扫描范围为30~550 amU。进样方式:为去除空针上的杂质峰,采用的固相微萃取头在进样口处240 ℃下老化50 min,分别称取不同干燥处理的样品2.0 g于SHIMADZU顶空瓶中进样;取样针和传输线温度都为80 ℃;样品在80 ℃温度下萃取10 min后直接进样,分析时间为73 min。采用检索GCMS solution\library\NIST17.lib谱库,保留相似度80%以上的成分进行定性,峰面积归一化法计算各组分化合物相对含量。
每次实验重复三次,数据用Excel 2016处理、IBM SPSS Statistics 26进行方差分析(P<0.05)及皮尔逊相关分析,部分图用Origin 2024生成。使用SIMCA 14.1软件进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA),以及计算预测变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)等。
表1可知,在三种不同干燥的橙盖鹅膏菌样品中均含有较高的粗蛋白和粗纤维。VFD、HAD、ND处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中粗蛋白含量分别为20.01%±0.12%、19.03%±0.04%和18.08%±0.05%,HAD干燥相对于VFD干燥温度相对较高,这种较高的温度会导致蛋白质发生非酶促褐变,从而发生降解,而相较于自然晾晒干燥,热风干燥可以在橙盖鹅膏菌表面迅速形成一层糖衣膜,从而在非酶促褐变发生一段时间后起到一定的阻碍作用。自然晾晒干燥长时间处于光照与通风环境中,会发生各类复杂反应。因此,VFD干燥处于真空缺氧状态,不利于非酶褐变的产生[24],且真空室中的氧气含量减少和温度降低,有助于保持蛋白质的固有特性[25],从而使得粗蛋白的含量在VFD处理中显著(P<0.05)高于HAD和ND处理、HAD处理显著(P<0.05)高于ND处理。VFD、HAD、ND处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中总糖含量分别为4.32%±0.13%、3.62%±0.10%、3.65%±0.08%,糖类发生了美拉德反应,醛、酮、还原糖的羰基与氨基酸、肽、蛋白质等含氮化合物的游离氨基之间发生反应[26],从而使得HAD和ND处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中总糖含量显著(P<0.05)低于VFD。VFD、HAD、ND处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中核黄素含量分别为7.35±0.06、2.52±0.04、1.40±0.02 mg/100 g,核黄素在光热条件下会发生一定的分解[27],自然晾晒干燥经过较长时间的光照和温度的作用,使得核黄素发生一定的分解,而真空冷冻干燥处于低温低氧环境,有助于核黄素的保存,从而VFD中核黄素显著(P<0.05)高于HAD和ND,HAD中核黄素显著(P<0.05)高于ND。综上可见,不同的干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌中蛋白质、总糖和核黄素有一定的影响。
三种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分含量无显著差异,可见这三种成分在不同的干燥处理中含量相对稳定。综上,真空冷冻干燥对橙盖鹅膏菌中基本营养成分的保留效果最好。
表2可知,三种干燥方式处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中含量最高的为K元素,Mg、Ca次之,充足的膳食钾对心脏和骨骼健康非常重要,可降低中风和冠心病的风险[28]。橙盖鹅膏菌中的Ca、Fe、Na、Mg、Zn、Mn和Cd元素,在三种不同干燥处理条件下有显著差异(P<0.05)。矿物质Ca在VFD、HAD、ND中含量分别为119.05±0.08、198.17±0.32、161.82±0.09 mg/kg,热风干燥中矿物质Ca含量显著(P<0.05)高于其余两种干燥方式。矿物质Fe在VFD中显著(P<0.05)高于HAD和ND,VFD中Fe含量约是HAD的2.9倍、ND的2.2倍,且ND中也显著(P<0.05)高于HAD,可见不同的干燥处理对矿物质Fe的影响极大。VFD中的Na、Mg、Zn、Mn均显著(P<0.05)高于HAD与ND。在VFD中除Ca以外大多矿物元素处于较高含量水平,不同的干燥过程中湿度、氧气浓度等因素发生的变化不同,进而影响各矿物质的溶出程度。橙盖鹅膏菌中各矿物质含量与干燥处理方式间的关系与郑晓敏等[29]研究不同干燥方式鸡油菌中矿物质含量的结果类似。在三种不同干燥方式处理中,Cu、K、Pb的含量无明显差异,说明不同的干燥方式对Cu、K、Pb的含量影响较小。
橙盖鹅膏菌中含有K、Ca、Na、Mg等对人体有益的常量元素,由表2可知,Ca、K、Mg含量分别高达119.05~198.17、2873.02~3070.56、240.58~385.15 mg/kg,说明橙盖鹅膏菌可以作为钾、钙和镁来源的理想食物之一。三种不同干燥处理的样品中重金属Cd和Pb均在GB 2762-2022《食品国家安全标准 食品中污染物限量》(镉≤0.5 mg/kg、铅≤1 mg/kg,干重计)的限定范围内,符合国家安全标准。
通过对三种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌样品进行氨基酸测定分析,样品中均检测出18种氨基酸,含量如表3所示。
表3可知,三种不同干燥处理的样品中均检测到18种氨基酸。天冬氨酸、谷氨酸在VFD中的含量显著(P<0.05)高于HAD干燥,酪氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸在VFD中的含量显著(P<0.05)高于其余两种干燥方式。在ND中丝氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸的含量均高于其它两种干燥方式。VFD处理的橙盖鹅膏菌样品中总氨基酸含量(118.36±0.34 mg/g)与ND处理(118.33±1.88 mg/g)的无显著差异,而HAD处理显著(P<0.05)低于这两者。可能是热风干燥过程加快了美拉德反应和蛋白质氧化反应的程度,从而使氨基酸损失较多。必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和药用氨基酸在VFD和ND中无显著差异,而在HAD中除鲜味氨基酸外,含量均显著(P<0.05)低于其余两者。可能是脱水应力导致蛋白质溶解释放氨基酸,而必需氨基酸是美拉德反应的关键反应物,热风干燥温度条件有利于美拉德反应的进行[30],随着加热时间的延长,热敏性氨基酸也会进一步分解[31],从而导致HAD处理的样品中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸显著(P<0.05)低于其它处理。
以FAO/WHO提出的氨基酸模式为参照,对不同干燥方式所处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中氨基酸组成与模式谱标准进行比较,结果见表3。三种干燥方式中必需氨基酸总量为39.33~42.50 mg/g,必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的比值为35.21%~35.91%,与FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质模式(EAA/TAA等于40%)相接近,必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为54.36%~56.02%,与FAO/WHO理想蛋白质模式要求的60%相差不大。这表明三种不同方式干燥的橙盖鹅膏菌氨基酸模式接近FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质标准,因此橙盖鹅膏菌可以作为一种氨基酸来源较为理想的食用菌。
不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中均含有大量的鲜味氨基酸和药用氨基酸。橙盖鹅膏菌中鲜味氨基酸主要为天冬氨酸和谷氨酸,它们与谷氨酸钠的作用一致,能够呈现鲜味,其含量高达27.69 mg/g(均值),占氨基酸总量的23.84%(均值)。天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和苯丙氨酸是九种药用氨基酸,在三种干燥方式中橙盖鹅膏菌药用氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的比值分别为65.31%、65.34%、64.57%,平均占氨基酸总量的65%以上,可见橙盖鹅膏菌是一种调鲜与药用氨基酸理想来源的食用菌。
氨基酸的营养价值评价常采用氨基酸比值系数法。以氨基酸平衡理论为基础,通过目标物质中各必需氨基酸的占比与WHO/FAO中相对应的氨基酸模式谱或全鸡蛋白模式谱进行对比,样品中比例越接近模式谱的营养价值越高。对三种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中各必需氨基酸的EAA值与WHO/FAO中相对应的氨基酸模式谱和全鸡蛋白模式谱进行对比,结果见表4。在VFD中除缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和赖氨酸外,其余氨基酸均高于WHO/FAO模式谱,只有苏氨酸和酪氨酸+苯丙氨酸高于全鸡蛋白模式。在HAD中除缬氨酸和赖氨酸外,均高于WHO/FAO模式谱。在ND中只有缬氨酸和赖氨酸低于WHO/FAO模式谱。在HAD和ND中只有苏氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸和酪氨酸+苯丙氨酸高于全鸡蛋白模式。
根据表4中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的质量分数,可以计算出三种不同干燥方式橙盖鹅膏菌的AAS、CS、RAA、RC、SRC和EAAI值,从而对其营养价值进行评价,结果见表5
AAS及RAA能够反映出食物蛋白质与人体蛋白质构成模式的接近程度,AAS值越大说明其营养价值越高,越容易被机体吸收利用。从AAS评分来看VFD>ND>HAD,各干燥方式中AAS最高的为酪氨酸+苯丙氨酸。在三种干燥方式中第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为赖氨酸。当RC大于1或小于1时,表示该种必需氨基酸相对过剩或不足,在VFD中RC接近1的有苏氨酸(RC=1.1)和色氨酸(RC=1.00),在HAD中RC接近1的有苏氨酸(RC=0.99),在ND中RC接近1的有苏氨酸(RC=1.07)。SRC是研究蛋白质结构和功能的重要指标。三种不同干燥方式中SRC值为ND(58.71)>HAD(56.05)>VFD(51.09),SRC均在50以上,三种干燥方式的样品中必需氨基酸的结构和比例较为合理。EAAI值均大于100,表明三种干燥方式的样品中必需氨基酸含量整体高于标准蛋白质,营养价值更优。
对37种脂肪酸甲酯混标溶液及其甲酯化后的样品进行分析测定,37种脂肪酸甲酯标准溶液参考色谱图见图1;供试品溶液色谱图见图2;样品中所含有的脂肪酸见表6
表6可知,三种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中共检测出28种脂肪酸,包括14种饱和脂肪酸,6种单不饱和脂肪酸,8种多不饱和脂肪酸。其中VFD处理的样品中有25种,HAD中有19种,ND中有24种。VFD有4种特有脂肪酸,ND中有2种特有脂肪酸。VFD处理的样品中含量最高的是二十四碳酸,其次是顺-9-十八碳一烯酸、顺,顺-9,12-十八碳二烯酸;HAD和ND中含量最高的均为顺-9-十八碳一烯酸,其次是顺,顺-9,12-十八碳二烯酸、十六碳酸。VFD处理的橙盖鹅膏菌样品中总脂肪酸含量最高,达76287.01±134.96 μg/g;ND处理的样品中总脂肪酸含量为66293.16±16.47 μg/g;HAD处理的样品中总脂肪酸在三者中最少为57456.25±75.20 μg/g。三种不同干燥方式的橙盖鹅膏菌中含量最多的为不饱和脂肪酸,VFD处理的样品脂肪酸含量与种类保存最多,ND次之。
对三种不同方式干燥的橙盖鹅膏菌挥发性成分测定如表7所示,共鉴定出84种挥发性成分,可分为9类,其中包括12种醇类、21种醛类、2种酸类、7种酯类、12种烃类、9种酮类、9种杂环类、2种含硫类、10种其他类化合物。VFD中60种挥发性成分占总挥发性成分含量的99.96%,HAD中37种挥发性成分占100.00%,ND中45种挥发性成分占100.00%。VFD中相对含量最高的物质为2-氨乙基异丙醚,其次为正己醛、异戊醛;HAD中相对含量最高的物质为邻-正丙基羟胺,其次为2,2,4,15,17,17-六甲基-7,12-双(3,5,5-三甲基己基)十八烷、羟胺;ND中相对含量最高的物质为2-乙烯氧基乙醇,其次为2-庚基环氧乙烷、正己醛。
三种不同干燥方式橙盖鹅膏菌中各类物质占比如图3(a)所示,其中VFD中相对含量最高的为醛类(41.22%),其次是其他类(29.27%);在HAD中相对含量最高的是其他类(46.90%),其次是醛类(23.13%);在ND中相对含量最高的是醇类(41.98%),其次是杂环类(24.49%)和醛类(22.97%)。从图3(a)可见,醇类、醛类和其他类为VFD的主要组成成分,占总含量的80.17%;醛类、烃类和其他类为HAD的主要组成成分,占总含量的86.13%;醇类、醛类和杂环类为ND的主要组成成分,占总含量的89.44%。
图3(b)可知,VFD干燥处理的样品中挥发性成分最多,达60种,其次是ND、HAD处理,分别鉴定出45种和37种挥发性成分。在VFD处理的样品中,醛类物质种类最多,有18种,其次是烃类有9种,其他类有8种;在HAD处理的样品中,醛类物质种类最多,有13种,其次是醇类有8种,烃类有6种;在ND处理的样品中,也是醛类物质种类最多,有14种,其次是醇类有7种,酮类有6种。由图3(c)可知,ND有12种特有成分,HAD有9种特有成分,VFD有25种特有成分。84种挥发性成分中,有20种均能在三种干燥处理的样品中检测到,分别是异丁醛、异戊醛、正戊醛、二甲基硅烷二醇、1,1-双十二烷氧基十六烷、1-辛烯、正己醛、乙苯、邻二甲苯、1-辛烯-3-酮、3-辛酮、辛醇、正辛醛、(+)-柠檬烯、2-乙基己醇、2-苯基乙醛、γ-松油烯、正壬醛、阿托醛、癸醛。
PCA是一种基于正交变换的多元统计分析方法,其核心目标是通过线性投影将高维定量数据降维至低维空间,该方法通过提取少数几个相互正交的主成分,根据这些主成分在不同样本中的贡献率评价样本之间的规律性和差异性。它可以直观地显示不同样品之间的差异,样本距离越大,样本差异越明显。将3种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌中挥发性物质相对含量进行PCA处理,结果如图4所示,PCA将3种干燥的样品分在3个象限,其中ND分布在第一象限,VFD分布在第三象限,HAD分布在第四象限。三组干燥处理的样品间相距较大,这代表三种不同干燥的样品中挥发性成分差异性较大,样品在干燥过程中挥发性成分含量与干燥的时间、温度、速率及在介质中扩散系数有关,样品受到不同温度、氧气浓度、光照等因素的影响,导致其发生不同的反应,如美拉德反应、脂质氧化反应以及前体物质的降解和转化,从而使橙盖鹅膏菌中的挥发性成分种类和含量发生不同的变化[32]
以84种挥发性化合物作为因变量,不同干燥方式作为自变量,通过OPLS-DA(图5A),可以实现3种不同干燥处理的橙盖鹅膏菌样品有效区分。本次分析中的自变量拟合指数(Rx2)为0.986,因变量拟合指数(Ry2)为0.998,模型预测指数(Q2)为0.996,R2Q2越接近1说明模型的拟合度和预测能力越好[33]。经过200次置换检验,如图5B所示,Q2回归线与纵轴的相交点小于0,表示模型可靠且无过拟合现象,具有良好的可靠性与预测性。样品在得分散点图的横轴上实现了区分,分离趋势明显,且组内重复性良好。其中VFD、HAD、ND样品分别集中于第一、三、四象限,表明三种干燥处理的样品间挥发性成分存在一定区别。
利用OPLS-DA形成的VIP值的大小进行关键变量分析,一般来说,VIP值越大的变量对模型贡献率越大。以VIP值>1为界限得到2-乙烯氧基乙醇、邻-正丙基羟胺、2-庚基环氧乙烷、2-氨乙基异丙醚、2,2,4,15,17,17-六甲基-7,12-双(3,5,5-三甲基己基)十八烷、羟胺、2-甲基庚-6-烯-3-醇、碳酸二壬基丙-1-烯-2-基酯、八甘醇单十二烷基醚、正己醛、异戊醛、9-氧杂双环[4.2.1]任-7-烯-4-酮、异丁醛、L-(+)-乳酸(图5C)是三种不同干燥处理中差异贡献最大的挥发性成分。其中2-氨乙基异丙醚(19.33%)、2-甲基庚-6-烯-3-醇(9.15%)、八甘醇单十二烷基醚(8.62%)、9-氧杂双环[4.2.1]任-7-烯-4-酮(5.03%)、L-(+)-乳酸(3.34%)是VFD中独有成分;邻-正丙基羟胺(36.31%)、2,2,4,15,17,17-六甲基-7,12-双(3,5,5-三甲基己基)十八烷(12.60%)、羟胺(9.90%)、碳酸二壬基丙-1-烯-2-基酯(9.40%)是HAD中独有成分;2-乙烯氧基乙醇(40.79%)、2-庚基环氧乙烷(22.31%)是ND中独有成分。14种关键变量挥发性物质为区分橙盖鹅膏菌不同干燥方式选择的主要特征标志物,能够有效、全面、客观地对橙盖鹅膏菌不同干燥方法进行区分和评价。可见VFD对橙盖鹅膏菌样品中挥发性成分的种类与含量保留效果最好。
不同干燥方式(真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥、自然晾晒干燥)对橙盖鹅膏菌的蛋白质、糖类、核黄素、矿物质、氨基酸、挥发性物质和脂肪酸有显著(P<0.05)影响。其中真空冷冻干燥的橙盖鹅膏菌中粗蛋白、总糖、核黄素含量均显著(P<0.05)高于热风干燥和自然晾晒干燥组。且不同的干燥对核黄素含量的影响很大,其在真空冷冻干燥中保留最佳。对于矿物质,Ca在热风干燥中含量最高,Fe、Na、Mg、Zn和Mn在真空冷冻干燥中含量最高,Cd在热风干燥下含量最低。VFD和ND中总氨基酸含量无显著差异,但均显著(P<0.05)高于HAD处理的样品,从氨基酸评分及必需氨基酸指数来看均为VFD>ND>HAD。挥发性物质的测定中,VFD样品中共检测出9类60种挥发性化合物,涵盖醇类4种、醛类18种、酸类1种、酯类5种、烃类9种、酮类7种、杂环类6种、含硫类2种、其他类8种,HAD样品中共检测出8类37种挥发性化合物,涵盖醇类8种、醛类13种、酸类1种、酯类1种、烃类6种、酮类2种、杂环类1种、其他类5种,ND样品中共检测出8类45种挥发性化合物,涵盖醇类7种、醛类14种、酸类1种、酯类3种、烃类5种、酮类6种、杂环类4种、其他类5种,可见VFD中所含挥发性物质种类最多,其次是ND、HAD。不同干燥中脂肪酸种类及含量均为VFD>ND>HAD。
综上所述,真空冷冻干燥对橙盖鹅膏菌的基本营养成分及挥发性物质保留效果最佳。本研究从基本营养成分(蛋白质、糖类、矿物质、氨基酸、脂肪酸等)和挥发性物质的角度,分析了不同干燥方式对橙盖鹅膏菌营养成分间的差异影响,为橙盖鹅膏菌干制方式的选择提供了依据。
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060233
  • 接收时间:2025-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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    1.西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏林芝 860000
    2.西藏农牧大学食品科学学院,西藏特农牧资源研发省部共建协同创新中心,西藏林芝 860000
    3.西藏野生生物资源评价与利用实验室,西藏林芝 860000

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马长中(1975−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:高原特色农畜产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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