Article(id=1261343849503441017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070102, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752076800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657408357, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657408357, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657408357, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657408357, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=213, endPage=221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343858386976926, articleId=1261343849503441017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Screening, Identification and Fermentation Condition Optimization of Antagonistic Bacterium DB2203A against Tomato Gray Mould (Botrytis cinerea), columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tomato grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a severely damaging global disease. This study isolated a strain of antagonistic bacteria with strong inhibitory effects against the important plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea from healthy branches and leaves of Camellia sinensis in Yunnan's Gaoligong Mountain. The morphological and molecular biological identification results indicated that the antagonistic strain was Bacillus subtilis, which was designated as DB2203A. The fermentation conditions of strain DB2203A were optimized through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, and the antibacterial activity of the fermentation broth was determined along with a preliminary exploration of the antibacterial substances under these conditions. This study isolated and screened seven strains with strong antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi from leaf and branch tissues. Among them, strain DB2203A exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect against B. cinerea, with its sterile fermentation broth achieving an inhibition rate of 74.77% against the pathogen. The optimal medium for the strain DB2203A was LB medium, with the best fermentation conditions being an inoculation volume of 6%, a filling volume of 50%, an initial pH of 7.0, and a fermentation time of 72 h. The research results also showed that the antifungal activity of the 40 times diluted fermentation broth against B. cinerea was 59.25%. Moreover, the lipopeptide substances in the fermentation broth could inhibit the growth of the mycelium of B. cinerea. The strain B. subtilis DB2203A and its lipopeptide metabolites exhibit promising potential for the green control of tomato gray mold, providing a theoretical foundation and microbial resources for the development of microbial products.

, correspAuthors=Min YE, Liming FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiahui CHEN, Jie HUANG, Min YE, Liming FAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343879312359820, articleId=1261343849503441017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=番茄灰霉病拮抗菌DB2203A筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

番茄灰霉病是由灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)引发的一种危害严重的世界性病害,本研究从云南高黎贡山大树茶的健康枝叶中分离到一株对重要植物病原菌灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)有较强抑菌作用的拮抗菌,形态学及分子生物学的鉴定结果表明,该拮抗菌为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)并命名为DB2203A。通过单因素和正交试验优化了菌株DB2203A的发酵条件,并在此条件下进行发酵液的抑菌活性测定与抑菌物质初探。结果显示,本研究从枝叶组织中分离筛选得到7株对病原菌具有较强拮抗作用的菌株,其中对灰葡萄孢菌抑菌效果最显著的菌株为DB2203A,其无菌发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率达74.77%。菌株最佳培养基为LB培养基,最佳发酵条件为接种量6%、装液量50%、初始pH7.0、发酵时间72 h。研究结果还表明,稀释40倍的发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌活性为59.25%,且发酵液中的脂肽类物质可抑制灰葡萄孢菌菌丝的生长。枯草芽孢杆菌DB2203A及其脂肽类代谢产物在番茄灰霉病绿色防控中具有良好应用潜力,为微生物菌剂开发提供了理论基础与菌种资源。

, correspAuthors=叶敏, 范黎明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
叶敏(1960−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然产物农药,E-mail:
范黎明(1976−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:天然产物化学,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5jg2pqdhiCeCVx63kT7m8w==, magXml=EPf+O6vq+Hc4CxLG3PbQtA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9SXIRv/KFVVRGt/CrFAy3Q==, pdfFileSize=5627942, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=v5U2PFqHJJZYG2/mt2gltQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BXqekBbsOkrHVnesKlLsWQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈佳蕙(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物农药,E-mail:

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year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏林, 梁志怀, 唐炎英. 番茄灰霉病的发生规律及其综合防治[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2020(7): 54−55., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343950703607885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI Lin, LIANG Zhihuai, TANG Yanying. 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Journal of Changjiang Vegetables, 2020(7): 54−55., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343950967849044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨利敏, 仝赞华, 郭立华, 等. 番茄灰霉生防菌CQ的分子鉴定及其生防效果研究[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2015, 31(6): 956−960., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343952817537115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Limin, TONG Zanhua, GUO Lihua, et al. 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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(14): 105−114., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261343882265149870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343882596499893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, companyId=1261343882265149870, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343882768466363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, companyId=1261343882265149870, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1261343921171514121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Antibacterial effect of antagonistic bacteria DB2203A against Botrytis cinerea, figureFileSmall=H0uracJ9S11j6L4f77gL2Q==, figureFileBig=v5U2PFqHJJZYG2/mt2gltQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343922576605970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=图1, caption=拮抗细菌DB2203A对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌效果

注:a:对照组;b:菌株拮抗组;c:无菌发酵液拮抗组。

, figureFileSmall=H0uracJ9S11j6L4f77gL2Q==, figureFileBig=v5U2PFqHJJZYG2/mt2gltQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343926754132768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Morphological characteristics of strain DB2203A, figureFileSmall=BwQogfDlFxNiHFVk6RTD2Q==, figureFileBig=7LUUTJmwGLqFeh02k5r4Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343927504913190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=图2, caption=DB2203A 形态学特征

注:a:DB2203A 的菌落形态;b:革兰氏染色结果(1000×)。

, figureFileSmall=BwQogfDlFxNiHFVk6RTD2Q==, figureFileBig=7LUUTJmwGLqFeh02k5r4Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343928767398700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strain DB2203A based on 16S rDNA gene sequence, figureFileSmall=5ODwjfpQ/RkqB85TovNJIA==, figureFileBig=5J9T7G5FwgFUwEfFmT36Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343930843579189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于菌株DB2203A的16S rDNA基因序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=5ODwjfpQ/RkqB85TovNJIA==, figureFileBig=5J9T7G5FwgFUwEfFmT36Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343932148007745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strain DB2203A based on gyrB gene sequence, figureFileSmall=XpP1c5/WnMp+US1haJQKjg==, figureFileBig=oIknQpPM2ZcfOOYtNZ8A3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343932663907141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于菌株DB2203A的gyrB基因序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=XpP1c5/WnMp+US1haJQKjg==, figureFileBig=oIknQpPM2ZcfOOYtNZ8A3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343935226626901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of different fermentation media on inhibition rate, figureFileSmall=mGRMOJKby07J2a77aE4m8g==, figureFileBig=jgPoUq7MINcH+xzpCDItRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343936040321883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同发酵培养基对抑制率的影响

注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05);图6~图9同。

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注:a:对照组;b:处理组。

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注:a:标准品;b:粗提物。

, figureFileSmall=/vaOg28+5qbQ4Q4/dcI9ZQ==, figureFileBig=d+1nriR4xZpKK8547v0uEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343944366015439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Orthogonal design factors and levels for strain DB2203A fermentation optimization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A发酵时间(h)B接种量(%)C初始pH
16046
27267
38488
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944718336983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌株DB2203A发酵条件正交优化试验因素及水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A发酵时间(h)B接种量(%)C初始pH
16046
27267
38488
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945049687012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Program of HPLC gradient elution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)流动相A(%)流动相B(%)
04060
53070
201585
20.54060
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945263596522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

液相色谱梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)流动相A(%)流动相B(%)
04060
53070
201585
20.54060
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945473311728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Primary screening of antagonistic bacteria from Camellia sinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拮抗菌抑制率(%)拮抗菌抑制率(%)
注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),表4表7同。
DB0477.26±0.52aDB0573.93±1.58cd
GB0276.25±1.74abGBAZ72.71±1.15d
DB0375.79±1.19abcDB2203A70.04±0.77e
TB220275.11±0.7bcTB368.78±0.25ef
TB175.11±1.67bcTB2212A67.19±0.34f
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945813050367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大树茶拮抗菌筛选(初筛)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拮抗菌抑制率(%)拮抗菌抑制率(%)
注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),表4表7同。
DB0477.26±0.52aDB0573.93±1.58cd
GB0276.25±1.74abGBAZ72.71±1.15d
DB0375.79±1.19abcDB2203A70.04±0.77e
TB220275.11±0.7bcTB368.78±0.25ef
TB175.11±1.67bcTB2212A67.19±0.34f
), ArticleFig(id=1261343946182148101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Secondary screening of antagonistic bacteria from Camellia sinensis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拮抗菌无菌发酵滤液抑制率(%)拮抗菌无菌发酵滤液抑制率(%)
DB0422.38±4.52cdDB0528.38±0.49c
GB0260.97±9.07bGBAZ65.71±5.66ab
DB0367.26±8.36abDB2203A74.77±2.35a
TB220260.96±3.66bTB315.90±5.57d
TB170.74±2.41aTB2212A58.93±2.87b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343948107333645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

大树茶拮抗菌筛选(复筛)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拮抗菌无菌发酵滤液抑制率(%)拮抗菌无菌发酵滤液抑制率(%)
DB0422.38±4.52cdDB0528.38±0.49c
GB0260.97±9.07bGBAZ65.71±5.66ab
DB0367.26±8.36abDB2203A74.77±2.35a
TB220260.96±3.66bTB315.90±5.57d
TB170.74±2.41aTB2212A58.93±2.87b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343948568707099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Physiological and biochemical properties of strain DB2203A

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目结果项目结果
注:“+”表示阳性或有,“−”表示阴性或无,“±”表示弱阳性。
革兰氏染色+接触酶试验+
V-P试验+脲酶试验
甲基红试验±明胶液化+
氧化酶试验+淀粉水解+
吲哚试验柠檬酸盐利用+
硝酸盐还原试验+糖酵解试验+
), ArticleFig(id=1261343948979748896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

菌株DB2203A的生理生化特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目结果项目结果
注:“+”表示阳性或有,“−”表示阴性或无,“±”表示弱阳性。
革兰氏染色+接触酶试验+
V-P试验+脲酶试验
甲基红试验±明胶液化+
氧化酶试验+淀粉水解+
吲哚试验柠檬酸盐利用+
硝酸盐还原试验+糖酵解试验+
), ArticleFig(id=1261343949214629930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of orthogonal design L9(34)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A(发酵时间)B(接种量)C(初始pH)抑制率(%)
111194.75
212298.44
313396.46
4212100.00
522399.98
623198.17
731394.89
832195.50
933299.25
K196.5596.5596.14
K299.3897.9799.23
K396.5597.9697.11
R2.841.433.09
), ArticleFig(id=1261343949478871086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

正交试验结果(L9(34))

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A(发酵时间)B(接种量)C(初始pH)抑制率(%)
111194.75
212298.44
313396.46
4212100.00
522399.98
623198.17
731394.89
832195.50
933299.25
K196.5596.5596.14
K299.3897.9799.23
K396.5597.9697.11
R2.841.433.09
), ArticleFig(id=1261343949982187572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Inhibitory efficacy of diluted fermentation broth against Botrytis cinerea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稀释倍数抑制率(%)
2.5100.00±0.00a
5100.00±0.00a
1093.54±0.98b
2089.25±0.82c
4059.25±2.73d
), ArticleFig(id=1261343950242234428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849503441017, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

稀释发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌抑菌效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稀释倍数抑制率(%)
2.5100.00±0.00a
5100.00±0.00a
1093.54±0.98b
2089.25±0.82c
4059.25±2.73d
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番茄灰霉病拮抗菌DB2203A筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化
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陈佳蕙 , 黄洁 , 叶敏 * , 范黎明 *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(9): 213-221
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食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026, 47(9): 213-221
番茄灰霉病拮抗菌DB2203A筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化
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陈佳蕙 , 黄洁, 叶敏* , 范黎明*
作者信息
  • 云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明 650201
  • 陈佳蕙(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物农药,E-mail:

通讯作者:

叶敏(1960−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然产物农药,E-mail:
范黎明(1976−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:天然产物化学,E-mail:
Screening, Identification and Fermentation Condition Optimization of Antagonistic Bacterium DB2203A against Tomato Gray Mould (Botrytis cinerea)
Jiahui CHEN , Jie HUANG, Min YE* , Liming FAN*
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070102
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番茄灰霉病是由灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)引发的一种危害严重的世界性病害,本研究从云南高黎贡山大树茶的健康枝叶中分离到一株对重要植物病原菌灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)有较强抑菌作用的拮抗菌,形态学及分子生物学的鉴定结果表明,该拮抗菌为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)并命名为DB2203A。通过单因素和正交试验优化了菌株DB2203A的发酵条件,并在此条件下进行发酵液的抑菌活性测定与抑菌物质初探。结果显示,本研究从枝叶组织中分离筛选得到7株对病原菌具有较强拮抗作用的菌株,其中对灰葡萄孢菌抑菌效果最显著的菌株为DB2203A,其无菌发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率达74.77%。菌株最佳培养基为LB培养基,最佳发酵条件为接种量6%、装液量50%、初始pH7.0、发酵时间72 h。研究结果还表明,稀释40倍的发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌活性为59.25%,且发酵液中的脂肽类物质可抑制灰葡萄孢菌菌丝的生长。枯草芽孢杆菌DB2203A及其脂肽类代谢产物在番茄灰霉病绿色防控中具有良好应用潜力,为微生物菌剂开发提供了理论基础与菌种资源。

番茄灰霉病  /  枯草芽孢杆菌  /  正交试验优化  /  抑菌活性  /  高黎贡山大树茶

Tomato grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a severely damaging global disease. This study isolated a strain of antagonistic bacteria with strong inhibitory effects against the important plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea from healthy branches and leaves of Camellia sinensis in Yunnan's Gaoligong Mountain. The morphological and molecular biological identification results indicated that the antagonistic strain was Bacillus subtilis, which was designated as DB2203A. The fermentation conditions of strain DB2203A were optimized through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, and the antibacterial activity of the fermentation broth was determined along with a preliminary exploration of the antibacterial substances under these conditions. This study isolated and screened seven strains with strong antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi from leaf and branch tissues. Among them, strain DB2203A exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect against B. cinerea, with its sterile fermentation broth achieving an inhibition rate of 74.77% against the pathogen. The optimal medium for the strain DB2203A was LB medium, with the best fermentation conditions being an inoculation volume of 6%, a filling volume of 50%, an initial pH of 7.0, and a fermentation time of 72 h. The research results also showed that the antifungal activity of the 40 times diluted fermentation broth against B. cinerea was 59.25%. Moreover, the lipopeptide substances in the fermentation broth could inhibit the growth of the mycelium of B. cinerea. The strain B. subtilis DB2203A and its lipopeptide metabolites exhibit promising potential for the green control of tomato gray mold, providing a theoretical foundation and microbial resources for the development of microbial products.

tomato grey mould  /  Bacillus subtilis  /  orthogonal experiment optimisation  /  antifungal activity  /  Camellia sinensis in Gaoligong Mountain
陈佳蕙, 黄洁, 叶敏, 范黎明. 番茄灰霉病拮抗菌DB2203A筛选鉴定及发酵条件优化. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 213 -221 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070102
Jiahui CHEN, Jie HUANG, Min YE, Liming FAN. Screening, Identification and Fermentation Condition Optimization of Antagonistic Bacterium DB2203A against Tomato Gray Mould (Botrytis cinerea)[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 213 -221 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070102
番茄(Lycopersion esculentum Mill.)是全球重要的经济作物,但在种植过程中极易受灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)侵染,导致番茄灰霉病大规模爆发。灰葡萄孢菌主要侵染番茄的叶和果实,造成叶片干枯和果实腐烂,严重时可使番茄减产高达60%以上[12],并且在果实采后贮藏、运输过程中低温高湿的环境下仍能发生病菌侵染,造成很大的经济损失。目前,灰霉病的防治仍依赖化学杀菌剂,但长期滥用化学农药引发了灰葡萄孢菌抗药性增加[3]、农残超标等问题。因此,亟需一项绿色安全的生物防治技术,对保障番茄品质和防治番茄采后病害具有重要意义。
近年来,植物内生菌因其与宿主的长期共生关系及低环境风险,成为生物防治研究的热点。这类微生物定殖于健康植物组织内部,且不会对宿主植物产生危害的微生物,主要包括内生细菌、内生真菌和内生放线菌等[45]。目前,植物内生菌的研究多集中于常见水生和陆生植物[67]中,但对特殊生态环境中(如极端盐碱、干旱、高寒等)的植物内生菌仍较为匮乏,这往往是功能独特的内生菌资源及其活性物质的重要来源[89]。Mutungi等[10]研究团队从盐碱湖岸灌木中筛选出两株对菜豆根腐病菌(Fusarium solani)具有显著抑制活性的拮抗菌。Egas等[11]研究发现,南极洲维管植物通过内生真菌共生调控氧化还原平衡等分子机制,显著增强对持久性有机污染物的胁迫耐受性。而随着对植物内生菌的深入研究,发现部分内生菌可通过定殖竞争、抗菌物质分泌或诱导植物抗性等方式抑制病原菌,从而成为具有开发潜力的拮抗菌株[1213]
目前,防治番茄采后病害的拮抗菌主要有木霉[14]、枯草芽孢杆菌[15]、放线菌[16]等。其中枯草芽孢杆菌因其广谱抑菌性,并且能产生抗菌物质,如脂肽类抗生素、抗菌蛋白等物质,成为食品保鲜的研究热点[17]。马超等[18]从植物内生细菌中筛选出解淀粉芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌,其发酵液对番茄灰葡萄孢菌抑制率分别达86.6%和83.0%。赵焕兰[19]从猕猴桃筛选出一株贝莱斯芽孢杆菌A4,其发酵液在体内及体外均可抑制灰霉孢子萌发和破坏菌丝。然而,现有研究多集中于常温环境菌株,对适应低温环境中的拮抗菌鲜有报道。本研究首次从云南省高黎贡山(海拔1800余米)大树茶中分离内生菌,通过平板对峙法和菌丝生长速率法筛选高效抑菌菌株,结合形态鉴定和基因鉴定明确菌株地位,进一步优化发酵条件,并采用酸沉淀法提取脂肽类活性物质,通过HPLC比对表面活性素标准品,解析其抑菌活性成分。本研究不仅为高寒植物内生菌资源库填补空白,更为开发适用于番茄采后低温保鲜的微生物菌剂提供理论依据和技术支撑。
高黎贡山大树茶(树径20 cm)健康枝条样品 取自于海拔1800余米的有机生态茶园,采样区域由云南省腾冲市高黎贡山生态茶叶有限责任公司挂牌保护管理;灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea) 为云南省植物病理重点实验室保藏菌种;Surfactin标准品 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;2×Phanta Flash Master Mix(Dye Plus)高保真聚合酶 南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)、营养琼脂培养基(NA)、营养肉汤培养基(NB)、LB培养基(酵母浸粉5 g/L,蛋白胨10 g/L,NaCl 10 g/L)、牛肉膏酵母浸粉葡萄糖培养基(NYBD)(牛肉膏8 g/L,酵母浸粉5 g/L,葡萄糖10 g/L)、完全培养基(CM)(葡萄糖5 g/L,硫酸铵2 g/L,柠檬酸钠1 g/L,七水合硫酸镁0.2 g/L,磷酸氢二钾4 g/L,磷酸二氢钾6 g/L)[20]
YXO-LS-50SⅡ型立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅 上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂;AL104型电子分析天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器上海有限公司;HG303-3型恒温培养箱 南京实验仪器厂制造;SW-CJ系列超净工作台 苏州安泰空气技术有限公司;MSD701型显微镜 宁波舜宇仪器有限公司;CHA-S型气浴恒温振荡器 金坛市易晨仪器制造有限公司;ST3100型pH计 奥豪斯仪器有限公司;Hei-vap Advantage(ML)型旋转蒸发仪 德国海道尔夫(Heidolph)公司;Kinetex 2.6 u C18色谱柱 广州菲罗门科学仪器有限公司;1260型高效液相色谱仪 美国Agilent公司。
将大树茶枝条剪切成0.5 mm大小的块状组织;经75%酒精溶液漂洗2~3次后,采用3%次氯酸钠浸泡处理7 min,无菌水漂洗4次,置于无菌滤纸上晾干,将消毒过的组织块接种于含0.05 mg/mL重铬酸钾的NA平板,每组处理3次重复;28 ℃黑暗培养5 d,每日观察菌落生长情况。根据菌落形态差异挑取单菌落,于NA平板划线纯化,甘油保存法在−20 ℃冰箱保存备用。
以灰葡萄孢菌作为指示菌,本研究采取以下方法分别进行初筛与复筛。
参考文献[21]采用平板对峙法对上述分离纯化得到的细菌进行筛选,在其基础上进行一定改良,来达到初期快速筛选的目的。将灰葡萄孢菌菌饼(直径5 mm)接种于直径9 cm的PDA平板中央,用无菌竹签在距菌饼2.5 cm处沿十字交叉线对称的两个方向分别接种两种待测细菌的平板为处理组,以未接细菌只接种灰葡萄孢菌的平板为对照组,每处理3个重复,置于26 ℃倒置培养5 d,采用十字交叉法测量灰葡萄孢菌菌落直径,计算拮抗菌的抑制率,选择抑制效果较好的拮抗菌菌株进行后续实验。
参考文献[22]采用滤纸片法在其基础上进行改动。挑取从经平板对峙筛选得到的菌株在NA培养基上划线,28 ℃黑暗培养24 h,挑取单菌落接种至50/250 mL NB液体培养基中,28 ℃、140 r/min摇床中培养12 h,获得对数期菌悬液(OD600≈0.8),即为拮抗菌种子液。在PDA平板中心接种灰葡萄孢菌菌饼(5 mm),在距菌饼中心3 cm处的水平两侧,各放置一片无菌滤纸片,在其上滴加4 μL拮抗菌种子液作为处理组,而对照组则滴加等量无菌水,于无菌超净台中静置风干2 min,每个处理设置3个重复。在26 ℃下倒置培养5 d后,测量菌落直径计算抑制率,选择抑制率较高的菌株进行后续实验。公式如下:
$ \mathrm{抑制率}(\text{%})=\frac{对照组菌落直径-处理组菌落直径}{对照组菌落直径-菌饼直径}\times \mathrm{100} $
采用菌丝生长速率法[23]。将上述经初筛得到的抑制率较高的拮抗菌种子液按2%接种量转移至50 mL NB培养基中,28 ℃、140 r/min摇床中培养72 h。在4 ℃、10000 r/min下离心10 min,弃沉淀,收集上清液,经0.22 μm过滤除菌,即为拮抗菌的无菌发酵液,将无菌发酵液与灭菌后冷却至45 ℃左右的PDA培养基按1:4(v/v)混合,振荡混匀后倒成平板作为处理组,取直径5 mm的灰葡萄孢菌菌饼接种于平皿中央,每组处理设3个重复,以加入等体积无菌水的平板为对照组。置于26 ℃下培养5 d,测量菌落直径,并根据1.2.2.1中公式计算抑制率。
菌株筛选标准:选择抑制率≥70%且三次重复间标准差<5%的菌株为有效候选菌。
对培养24 h的菌落进行革兰氏染色,通过光学显微镜观察菌落形态,并参照《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》[24]和《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》[25]中的测试方法对拮抗菌进行初步鉴定。
分子鉴定采用细菌通用引物27F:5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′和1492R:5′-CTACGGCTACCTTGTTACGA-3′[2627]gyrB引物gyrB-2F(5′-AGAAGGDTTGGAAGCTGTTCG-3′)和gyrB-2R(5′-CGCGGTTCTACYTTGTCDCC-3′)进行PCR扩增,PCR反应条件:98 ℃ 2 min;98 ℃ 10 s,58 ℃ 10 s,72 ℃ 10 s,30 个循环;72 ℃ 5 min;4 ℃保存。细菌16S rDNA和gyrB基因测序工作分别委托昆明擎科生物有限公司和中科e测公司完成。将获得的测序结果在NCBI数据库中进行BLAST比对分析及系统发育树的构建采用MEGA 7.0软件中的邻接法(Neighbor-joining ethod)完成,其中Bootstrap重复抽样次数设置为1000次,其他参数均采用软件默认设置[28]
将拮抗菌种子液(同1.2.2.1)以2%的接种量分别接种于含50 mL LB、NYBD、NB、CM培养基的250 mL锥形瓶中,pH为7.0,于28 ℃、140 r/min摇床中培养72 h,离心后上清液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌,采用生长速率法测定抑制率,每个处理重复3次[29]
将拮抗菌种子液以2%接种量接于50 mL的优化培养基中,pH为7.0,于28 ℃、140 r/min摇床中分别发酵培养48、60、72、84、96 h,离心后上清液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌,采用生长速率法测定抑制率,每个处理重复3次[30]
将拮抗菌种子液分别以接种2%、4%、6%、8%、10%的接种量接于50 mL优化培养基中,pH为7.0,于28 ℃、140 r/min摇床中培养72 h,离心后上清液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌,采用生长速率法测定抑制率,每个处理重复3次[31]
分别以10%、20%、30%、40%、50%的装液量在250 mL锥形瓶中装入上述优化的发酵培养基,以2%的接种量接种拮抗菌种子液,pH为7.0,于28 ℃、140 r/min摇床中培养72 h,离心后上清液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌,测定其无菌上清液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率,每个处理重复3次[31]
用1 mol/L HCl溶液和1 mol/L NaOH标准溶液将培养基初始pH分别调节至5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0,将拮抗菌种子液接种于50 mL优化培养基中,于28 ℃、140 r/min摇床中培养72 h,离心后上清液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌,测定其无菌上清液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率,每个处理重复3次[32]
根据单因素实验结果选取三个抑菌活性影响显著的因素进行设计L9(34)试验,以优化培养基为基础,采用菌丝生长速率法测定其无菌上清液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率并以此作为衡量指标,每个处理重复3次,各因素的水平见表1
结合单因素实验与正交试验的优化条件培养拮抗菌,采用菌丝生长速率法测定DB2203A无菌发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌菌丝生长的影响,用45 ℃的PDA培养基将发酵液稀释2.5、5、10、20、40倍,混合摇匀倒板,以只加无菌水的平板作对照组,平板中央接入5 mm灰葡萄孢菌菌饼,28 ℃培养5 d,测定菌落的生长直径,计算其无菌发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率。
菌株DB2203A初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌,该属细菌产生脂肽类抑菌物质的研究可见于多份相关文献[3334]。推测菌株DB2203A抑菌活性的物质基础,有较大概率为脂肽类成分。为验证该推测,参考文献[35]所述,采用针对脂肽类物质的提取方法,对菌株DB2203A的发酵上清液进行酸沉淀提取。按照1.2.2.2中的方法获得DB2203A的无菌发酵液,用6.0 mol/L的盐酸调节无菌培养滤液的pH至2.0,于4 ℃冰箱静置过夜,在4 ℃,10000 r/min的条件下离心30 min后收集沉淀,用甲醇萃取3次,合并萃取液,在旋转蒸发仪中减压蒸干得到脂肽类粗提物。用蒸馏水将粗提物溶解成浓度为40 mg/mL的待测样品,0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,吸取600 µL待测样品溶于45 ℃的60 mL PDA培养基中,振荡摇匀后制成平板,平板中央接种5 mm的灰葡萄孢菌菌饼,以接种无菌水的平板为对照,每个处理重复三次,参考1.2.2.1中公式计算其抑制率。
将上述得到的脂肽类粗提物用甲醇溶解,0.22 μm有机系滤膜过滤,进行HPLC分析,以表面活性素(surfactins)为参照。检测仪器为Agilent UPLC 1290 Infinity Ⅱ,色谱条件如下:色谱柱为Kinetex 2.6 u C18,100×4.6 mm;流动相A:0.1%磷酸水,流动相B:乙腈;流速:0.5 mL/min;柱后平衡:3 min;柱温:35 ℃;检测波长:205 nm;步进值:2.0 nm;采样频率:20 Hz;进样量:5 μL;梯度洗脱条件见表2
采用SPSS Statistics 27.0软件统计与分析实验数据和设计正交试验,通过单因素方差分析对实验数据进行统计学检验,并利用Duncan多重比较法进行组间差异分析。所有数据均以均值±标准差形式呈现,P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著,并采用软件Origin Pro2024制图。
从大树茶健康枝叶分离纯化得到细菌107株,通过平板对峙法初筛得到对灰葡萄孢菌抑制作用较好(抑制率≥50%)的细菌28株,进一步通过纸片法筛选出抑菌率在70%以上且稳定的细菌8株(表3)。
采用菌丝生长速率法对初筛所得的菌株发酵液的抑菌活性进行复筛,有7株拮抗菌抑菌效果较好,均在58.93%以上,其中DB2203A无菌发酵滤液抑菌率达到74.77%±2.35%,结合初筛结果,因此选择DB2203A作为后续实验研究菌株。结果见图1表4
菌株DB2203A在NA培养基上28 ℃培养24 h后,菌落近似圆形,呈乳白色,表面干燥且边缘突起有皱纹,边缘完整,光学显微镜下观察菌体呈杆状,革兰氏结果显示阳性(图2)。V-P试验、接触酶试验、硝酸盐还原试验、氧化酶试验均为阳性,甲基红试验弱阳性,使明胶液化、可分解淀粉、葡萄糖,可利用柠檬酸盐,不能产生脲酶、吲哚(表5)。结合形态特征和生理生化特征,初步鉴定DB2203A为芽孢杆菌属。
测序所得菌株DB2203A的16S rDNA基因序列长度为1393 bp,将测序结果与GenBank数据库中已知基因序列进行Blast比对分析,选取数据库中与其相似度最高的菌株序列信息,利用NJ法构建系统发育树。进一步对菌株进行gyrb多基因鉴定,使用2×Phanta Flash Master Mix(Dye Plus)高保真聚合酶,按设计的4对简并引物分别进行PCR扩增,gyrB-2F/gyrB-2R可以扩增出目的条带大小约1800 bp,将测序结果拼接后与GenBank数据库中已知基因序列进行同源性比对分析,并构建系统发育树。从图3图4系统发育树中可明显看出菌株DB2203A与其他菌种的进化关系,菌株DB2203A的16S rRNA基因序列均与芽孢杆菌属处于同一分支,其gyrB基因序列与枯草芽孢杆菌NCIB 3610同源性均达到了100%。结合形态学与生理生化试验结果,将菌株DB2203A鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。
图5所示,相较于其他三种培养基,采用LB培养基发酵所得发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率最高,达到94.28%,其次为CM、NYBD和NB培养基,说明LB培养基更有利于抑菌活性物质的合成。因此,选定LB培养基作为后续发酵优化实验的基础培养基。
图6所示,当发酵时间为48 h时,菌株已产生抑菌物质,其发酵液的抑制率达到93.64%,随着时间增长,抑菌率逐渐上升,是因为在生长前期,营养物质充足,菌体优先快速增殖,并逐渐积累次生代谢产物,在72 h时,DB2203A发酵液的抑菌活性物质产生达到峰值,抑菌率达到100%,超过72 h,其抑菌活性轻微下降。可能是菌株在生长后期因自溶作用导致菌体减少,并释放蛋白酶、脂肪酶等,使部分抗菌活性物质被降解[36]。方差分析结果显示发酵时间对菌株的抑菌物质产出有显著影响(P<0.05),因此选择72 h作为最适发酵时间,并选择作为下一步正交试验的中心点。
图7可知,随着接种量的提升,抑菌活性物质的产量呈现出先增后减的趋势,当初始接种量为6%时,菌株DB2203A发酵液的抑菌活性达到峰值,抑制率达到99.79%,而在8%~10%的接种量之间,抑菌活性明显下降,推测这可能是培养基中菌体量过多导致菌种竞争增加,并产生更多的代谢废物[37]。方差结果也显示接种量对菌株的抑菌物质产出较为显著(P<0.05),因此,选择6%接种量为最适接种量,并选择作为下一步正交试验中心点。
图8所示,装液量在10%~30%时,发酵液的抑菌效果先上升后下降,后续随着装液量的增加持续稳定上升,这可能由于随着装液量的升高,营养物质增多所以先逐渐上升,后续可能是由于培养基溶氧量不足导致轻微下降。并且装液量在40%~50%之间抑菌活性差异不显著,在装液量为50%时,抑菌率达到最高。发酵工艺中,装液量过少,在发酵过程中发酵液蒸发会增大[37],因此选取50%装液量作为菌株DB2203A发酵培养的最适装液量,并后续不再进行优化。
图9所示,培养基的初始pH对菌株DB2203A产生的抑菌活性物质产生显著影响(P<0.05)。在pH6.0~8.0范围内,菌株DB2203A的发酵液显示出最高的抑菌活性,且在pH为8.0时达到峰值,当pH为5.0或9.0时,发酵液则几乎丧失抑菌活性,这说明过酸或过碱的环境中不利于菌株生长进而影响抑菌活性物质的合成。因此,pH在6.0~8.0之间,适合菌株的抑菌物质的产出,并选择pH为7.0作为正交试验中心点。
本研究以灰葡萄孢菌作为指示菌,在LB培养基作为基础培养基的条件下,选择发酵时间、接种量和初始pH这三个关键因素,对枯草芽孢杆菌DB2203A的发酵条件进行了L9(34)正交试验。试验结果如表6所示,在3个因素中,初始pH对试验结果的影响最大,发酵时间次之,接种量影响最小。如表6所示,最佳发酵条件的组合为A2B2C2,即初始pH7.0、发酵时间72 h、接种量为6%,在此发酵条件下DB2203A发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制率最大,A2B1C2组合同时也达到了100%,但结合单因素实验和优化结果,并且以抑制率稳定性和后续工业化可放大性为核心目标,优先选择A2B2C2进行后续试验。经验证,根据正交试验得出的最优组合,在最适培养基(LB)和最适装液量(50%)条件下,独立进行3次重复实验,平均抑制率为100%,与正交试验结果趋于一致。
本研究通过PDA培养基梯度稀释法评估了菌株DB2203A发酵产物的抑菌活性(图10)。如表7所示:发酵液2.5倍稀释时完全抑制灰葡萄孢菌菌丝生长;20倍稀释时仍保持89.25%的抑制率;40倍稀释时抑制活性仍达59.25%,表明该发酵产物具有优异的抑菌稳定性。
采用酸沉淀法,得到疑似脂肽类产物0.155 g。该提取物显示较强的抑菌活性,在0.4 mg/mL浓度下,能抑制灰葡萄孢菌丝生长,且抑菌活性稳定,抑菌率达到62.18%(图11),说明该抑菌物质很可能是脂肽类物质,并通过后续的HPLC检测进行验证。与已报道的枯草芽孢杆菌脂肽类代谢产物相比,如钱荣等[34]筛选得到的枯草芽孢杆菌KC-WQ,其胞外脂肽类产物对沙门氏菌具有显著抑菌特性,而DB2203A脂肽类代谢产物对病原真菌更具特异性;其抑菌效果与苗永美等[33]从石豆兰植物分离得到的枯草芽孢杆菌BBs-27相似,其脂肽类提取物使黄色镰刀菌(Fusarium culmorum)菌丝畸变并通过破坏可溶性蛋白和糖的合成途径抑制菌丝生长。现有研究表明,抗菌脂肽通过改变细胞膜通透性、破坏质子动力势、诱导活性氧积累及引发氧化损伤等机制发挥广谱抑菌作用[38]。因此,DB2203A菌株的脂肽类代谢产物在生物防治方面具有应用潜力,并在后续试验中会进一步挖掘抑菌物质的其他活性成分。
采用同样的HPLC方法分别对表面活性素(surfactins)混合标准品和菌株DB2203A的酸沉淀粗提物进行了色谱分析,结果见图12。通过对比几组色谱峰的保留时间、相对分布和相对峰面积,发现两者具有较高的相似性。表面活性素(surfactins)是由芽孢杆菌发酵产生的一系列具有相似基本结构的环状脂肽,本次色谱分析条件下,呈现出三组、六个主要色谱峰的特征,第一组保留时间在11.7、11.9 min,第二组保留时间在14.3、14.97 min,第三组保留时间在16.7、16.9 min。菌株DB2203A的酸沉淀粗提取物在基本相同的保留时间出现色谱峰,只是第三组的相对峰面积更大。这些色谱特征可以作为初步证据,支持菌株DB2203A所产生的抑菌物质是表面活性素等脂肽类成分的结论。
本研究从云南高黎贡山大树茶健康枝叶中分离筛选到一株拮抗细菌DB2203A,经鉴定,该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。其无菌发酵液对灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率达74.77%。通过单因素和正交试验优化确定了其产抑菌活性物质的最佳条件为:LB培养基,接种量6%,装液量50%,初始pH7.0,发酵时间72 h。在此条件下,无菌发酵液5倍稀释时对灰葡萄孢菌完全抑制,40倍稀释时抑制活性仍达59.25%。此外,通过酸沉淀法获得的粗提物在浓度为0.4 mg/mL时对灰葡萄孢菌丝生长具有较强抑菌作用,抑制率达62.18%,此为高黎贡山大树茶内生细菌资源的首次报道,结果显示出菌株DB2203A具有作为开发为番茄灰霉病生防制剂的潜力,但是关于菌株DB2203A产生的抑菌物质分离纯化及鉴定、抑菌机制与田间防效都需要进一步深入研究。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070102
  • 接收时间:2025-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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    云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明 650201

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叶敏(1960−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:天然产物农药,E-mail:
范黎明(1976−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:天然产物化学,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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