Article(id=1261343849209803104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657408287, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657408287, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657408287, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657408287, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=342, endPage=352, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343865076855238, articleId=1261343849209803104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Freezing Methods on the Volatile Flavor Compounds of Shredded Pork with Green Pepper Preprepared Dishes Based on OPLS-DA Model Analysis, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study evaluated the effects of three freezing methods (traditional refrigerator freezing, RF, spiral tunnel freezing, SF, and liquid nitrogen immersion freezing, LF) on the flavor profile of shredded pork with green pepper dishes, using fresh samples as controls. Flavor analysis was performed using an electronic nose (E-nose) combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Multivariate statistical approaches including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and odor activity value (OAV) calculations were employed to characterize key flavor compounds. The E-nose results showed that the W1W sensor, which detected sulfur compounds, exhibited the strongest response, indicating a high concentration of sulfur-containing volatiles. GC-MS analysis identified 81 volatile compounds, with hexanal and camphene levels increasing significantly after freezing, while benzaldehyde and β-bisabolene decreased significantly (P<0.05). Through OAV and OPLS-DA analyses, 27 flavor-active compounds and 35 treatment-discriminatory volatiles were identified. Ten key compounds with both OAV>1 and variable importance in projection (VIP) >1 were determined to be critical for flavor, including benzaldehyde (almond-like) and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (meaty and green pepper-like notes). Notably, RF treatment led to accumulation of off-flavor compounds like hexadecane and (Z)-2-decenal, while SF and LF treatments better preserved the fresh-like flavor profile. This study identifies the key flavor compounds in shredded pork with green pepper dishes and provides practical insights for maintaining flavor quality in preprepared foods through optimized freezing processes.

, correspAuthors=Mengmeng LEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qiya LIANG, Yan LIU, Yang BAI, Jingfan YANG, Zhongmin HUANG, Zhili PAN, Zhilu AI, Mengmeng LEI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343874786669114, articleId=1261343849209803104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于OPLS-DA模型分析不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝预制菜挥发性风味物质的影响, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究传统冰箱冻结(RF)、螺旋隧道冻结(SF)及液氮浸渍冻结(LF)三种不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝预制菜肴风味的影响,本研究以新鲜青椒肉丝菜肴为对照,采用电子鼻(E-nose)与顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定,利用主成分分析,结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)和气味活度值(OAV)筛选关键呈香物质。电子鼻结果表明W1W(硫化合物)传感器的响应值明显高于其他传感器,这可能表明样品含有相对较高浓度的硫化合物。GC-MS检测出81种挥发性风味化合物,冷冻后己醛和莰烯的含量显著增加,而苯甲醛和β-龙胆烯等含量显著降低(P<0.05)。通过OAV和OPLS-DA分别筛选出27种对风味影响较大和35种差异较大的挥发性化合物,其中共有10种是OAV>1且变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)>1的关键物质,分别为苯甲醛和2,5-二甲基吡嗪等具有青椒和肉香的醛类、吡嗪类化合物。不同冻结方式处理后,RF组青椒肉丝菜肴产生异味物质,如正十六烷、(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛等;但SF和LF组风味接近于新鲜样品。本研究明确了青椒肉丝菜肴的关键性风味化合物,可为预制菜产业的品质提升与风味保持提供一定的理论依据。

, correspAuthors=雷萌萌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
雷萌萌(1989−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工、功能性食品,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=x7L7EMY4Mef/7Wh51f4Nig==, magXml=UnfzjKzsRIayu1xaQLsbng==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7ehSu7ojo7eFwEA3xV7F2w==, pdfFileSize=6349446, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6xW+mh5TFGBJObRozUo8Zw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bChIjmGurprwXjkhKDyZ+Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

梁淇雅(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:速冻食品,E-mail:

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梁淇雅(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:速冻食品,E-mail:

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梁淇雅(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:速冻食品,E-mail:

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Food Chemistry, 2019, 286: 241−249., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261343876804129354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343876820906571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343876804129354, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343876833489484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343876804129354, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南农业大学食品科学技术学院,河南郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343877311640154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343877353583194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343877311640154, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Sanquan Foods Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343877596852828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343877311640154, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.三全食品股份有限公司,河南郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343878192444009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343878385381995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343878192444009, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Synear Food (Henan) Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343878477656685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343878192444009, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.思念食品(河南)有限公司,河南郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343879723364992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343879933080200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343879723364992, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Key Laboratory of Staple Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R & D Center for Frozen Rice & Wheat Products Processing Technology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cold-Chain Food, Henan Engineering Laboratory for Frozen Noodles, Rice, and Prepared Foods, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343879954051719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, companyId=1261343879723364992, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.农业农村部大宗粮食加工重点实验室,国家速冻米面制品加工技术研发专业中心,河南省冷链食品工程技术研究中心,河南省速冻面米及调制食品工程研究中心,河南郑州 450002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1261343937931915306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=E-nose analysis of different samples, figureFileSmall=XJ3pagLAO1031NXfKDeCXA==, figureFileBig=6xW+mh5TFGBJObRozUo8Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343939349590061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同样品的电子鼻分析

注:(A)雷达图;(B)主成分分析图;(C)载荷图。

, figureFileSmall=XJ3pagLAO1031NXfKDeCXA==, figureFileBig=6xW+mh5TFGBJObRozUo8Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940272336958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Volatile components of shredded pork with green pepper at different freezing methods, figureFileSmall=5+grPp4XgKEqFu2sSlGM1w==, figureFileBig=G0HturG9zQI657LQXI4KAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343940624658500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同冻结方式下青椒肉丝菜肴的挥发性成分

注:(A)热图;(B)韦恩图;(C)挥发性化合物百分含量的堆积图;(D)挥发性化合物种类数量的堆积图。

, figureFileSmall=5+grPp4XgKEqFu2sSlGM1w==, figureFileBig=G0HturG9zQI657LQXI4KAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343941295747147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=OPLS-DA results of flavor of different shredded pork with green pepper samples, figureFileSmall=xK6ithQlw1yTlQYHk/6Q0w==, figureFileBig=GeFgobiUyHoJ0fbQJJxlog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343941622902866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同青椒肉丝菜肴风味的OPLS-DA结果

注:(A)OPLS-DA评分图(R2X=0.936,R2Y=0.997,Q2=0.994);(B)200次置换检验结果;(C)化合物的VIP图(红色部分表示VIP≥1的关键差异化合物)。

, figureFileSmall=xK6ithQlw1yTlQYHk/6Q0w==, figureFileBig=GeFgobiUyHoJ0fbQJJxlog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343941790675035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Venn diagram of overlapping flavor compounds based on OAV-VIP, figureFileSmall=XtV1khicLlEFrPIoV1e4KA==, figureFileBig=iIFykvkxGln2DSZtzHQjfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343942231076966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=CN, label=图4, caption=OAV-VIP交集风味物质的韦恩图, figureFileSmall=XtV1khicLlEFrPIoV1e4KA==, figureFileBig=iIFykvkxGln2DSZtzHQjfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343943841689709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensitive substances of PEN3 E-nose sensor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器编号传感器代码敏感物质
1W1C芳烃化合物
2W5S氮氧化合物
3W3C氨,芳香分子
4W6S氢化物
5W5C烯烃、芳族,极性分子
6W1S烷类
7W1W硫化合物
8W2S醇类,部分芳香族化合物
9W2W芳烃化合物,硫的有机化合物
10W3S烷类和脂肪族
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944126902390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PEN3电子鼻传感器敏感物质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器编号传感器代码敏感物质
1W1C芳烃化合物
2W5S氮氧化合物
3W3C氨,芳香分子
4W6S氢化物
5W5C烯烃、芳族,极性分子
6W1S烷类
7W1W硫化合物
8W2S醇类,部分芳香族化合物
9W2W芳烃化合物,硫的有机化合物
10W3S烷类和脂肪族
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944319840378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

GC-MS results of shredded pork with green pepper under different freezing methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名英文名CAS号分子式相对含量(mg/g)
RFSFLFCK
注:“/”表示未检出,同一组中不同字母表示数据间差异显著,P<0.05。
1异戊醛3-Methylbutyraldehyde590-86-3C5H10O/27.73±1.41a/9.12±1.75b
2己醛Hexanal66-25-1C6H12O1182.16±115.00a468.55±8.47b248.06±8.18c227.20±15.37c
3庚醛Heptanal111-71-7C7H14O46.59±1.96a14.00±4.57c21.04±1.86b8.21±1.00d
42-庚烯醛(Z)-2-Heptenal57266-86-1C7H12O90.44±1.28a20.5±0.54b//
5苯甲醛Benzaldehyde100-52-7C7H6O99.42±2.92b20.82±0.69d35.88±0.62c145.54±1.76a
6反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛(2E,4E)-2,4-Nonadienal5910-87-2C9H14O51.01±0.10a//30.32±0.34b
7苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde122-78-1C8H8O36.32±0.89a8.62±0.78c9.66±1.07c20.65±0.60b
8反-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-Octenal2548-87-0C8H14O114.47±2.03a32.27±2.09b20.89±1.22c21.56±1.16c
9壬醛Nonanal124-19-6C9H18O343.73±30.45a90.01±9.99b110.00±10.00b120±10.01b
10(Z)-2-壬烯醛(Z)-2-Nonenal60784-31-8C9H16O79.95±0.10a21.10±0.80b15.57±0.77c15.57±0.53c
11癸醛Decanal112-31-2C10H20O43.83±1.66a11.38±0.80b//
12(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛(Z)-2-decen-1-al2497-25-8C10H18O227.80±6.27a31.61±0.77b26.91±0.89b19.84±0.60c
13柠檬醛Citral5392-40-5C10H16O/142.54±7.55a/116.03±15.28b
142,4-癸二烯醛2,4-Decadienal2363-88-4C10H16O/118.73±3.60a/67.98±6.01b
152-亚乙基-6-甲基庚-3,5-二烯醛2-Ethylidene-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal99172-18-6C10H14O14.51±0.98a2.40±1.01c/5.08±0.16b
16(E,E)-2,4-十二碳二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Dodecadienal21662-16-8C12H20O/3.01±0.16b/9.05±0.45a
17正辛醛Octanal124-13-0C8H16O149.46±14.34a33.57±1.19b25.38±1.52c/
183,6-辛二烯醛,3,7-二甲基-3,7-Dimethyl-3,6-Octadienal55722-59-3C10H16O46.60±1.11a///
19(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadienal141-27-5C10H16O1344.66±86.4a/346.10±26.46b/
20(E,Z)-2,4-二烯醛(E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal25152-83-4C10H16O356.59±25.11a///
21反-2-十一烯醛2-Undecenal2463-77-6C11H20O122.54±8.18a/29.80±1.97b/
22戊醛Pentanal110-62-3C5H10O71.26±0.99a///
23(E)-十四烷-2-烯醛(E)-Tetradec-2-enal51534-36-2C14H26O58.33±1.49a26.92±0.26b2.73±0.04c/
24(E,E)-2,4-二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal25152-84-5C10H16O30.22±0.66b/164.64±4.77a/
25反式-4-癸烯醛(E)-4-Decenal65405-70-1C10H18O26.82±1.48a///
醛类Aldehydes4536.711073.761056.66816.15
1莰烯Camphene79-92-5C10H16174.84±12.96b64.53±3.71c225.35±12.81a26.62±0.62d
21,4-二甲基-4-乙烯基环己烯1,4-Dimethyl-4-vinylcyclohexene1743-61-9C10H16/60.16±0.63a/31.95±1.92b
33-蒈烯3-Carene13466-78-9C10H16/4.42±1.10c26.09±0.29b75.21±3.91a
4α-姜黄烯α-Curcumene644-30-4C15H22O26.77±0.98b9.48±0.73c42.07±2.42a7.84±0.42c
5姜烯Zingiberene495-60-3C15H22O232.06±9.36a30.5±2.20c140.46±8.78b29.86±2.13c
6(+)-1,7-二表-β-雪松烯(+)-β-Funebrene79120-98-2C15H24/8.77±0.75b43.23±2.84a9.08±0.74b
7α-蒎烯α-Pinene80-56-8C10H1691.58±8.56b/165.01±4.88a/
81,5,5-三甲基-6-亚甲基环己烯1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexene514-95-4C10H1630.47±1.25a11.27±1.08b4.03±0.16c/
9邻己烯o-Cymene527-84-4C10H1414.60±1.30a2.56±0.22c8.17±0.55b/
10(R)-1-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)-,环己烯(R)-1-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-Cyclohexene1461-27-4C10H16180.51±23.42a/54.21±0.89b/
11(Z)-2-十五碳烯-4-炔(Z)-2-Pentadecen-4-yne74646-33-6C15H2612.75±0.90a///
123,7-二甲基-2-辛烯-1-醇3,7-dimethyl-2-Octen-1-ol40607-48-5C10H20O42.49±1.66a6.96±0.60c12.13±0.21b/
131,6-辛二烯,3-乙氧基-3,7-二甲基-1,6-Octadiene,3-ethoxy-3,7-dimethyl-72845-33-1C12H22O38.03±1.56a///
14(Z)-α-蒎烯cis-α-Bisabolene29837-07-8C15H2428.20±1.30a5.03±0.22b//
15β-蒎烯β-Pinene127-91-3C10H16//44.23±3.10a/
16水芹烯α-Phellandrene99-83-2C10H16//16.23±1.05a/
17(-)-α-蒎烯α-Copaene3856-25-5C15H24//7.77±0.54a/
18环己烯,1-甲基-4-(1-甲基亚乙基)-Cyclohexene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-586-62-9C10H16//13.6±0.36a/
19β-红没药烯β-Bisabolene495-61-4C15H24//31.28±1.44a/
20茴香烯Anethole4180-23-8C10H12O250.30±14.49a49.24±4.32b//
21罗勒烯β-Ocimene13877-91-3C10H16/15.11±0.96a//
22甘菊蓝Azulene275-51-4C10H8///5.04±0.24a
23β-龙胆烯β-Longipinene41432-70-6C15H2420.48±1.70d52.88±2.87b33.48±1.29c100.68±8.43a
243-亚甲基-1,1-二甲基-2-乙烯基环己烷2-Ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylenecyclohexane95452-08-7C11H18/4.95±0.21b/13.37±0.73a
252,6,10-三甲基十四烷2,6,10-Trimethyltetradecane14905-56-7C17H36114.47±0.29a28.63±1.05c7.62±0.99d69.74±1.49b
26正十六烷Hexadecane544-76-3C16H34343.73±5.13a28.37±1.86b13.55±1.10c/
27十二烷Dodecane112-40-3C12H2643.83±1.28b41.75±1.91b53.33±3.55a/
28胆甾烷-3-醇,2-亚甲基,(3β,5α)-Cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-,(3β,5α)-22599-96-8C28H48O227.80±3.62a8.57±0.43b2.99±0.13c/
29十六烷,1,1-双(十二烷氧基)-Hexadecane,1,1-bis(dodecyloxy)-56554-64-4C40H82O214.51±0.41a///
烃类Hydrocarbons1923.74433.18944.83369.39
11-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol3391-86-4C8H16O32.65±2.09a9.84±0.42b10.78±0.74b11.58±0.83b
2芳樟醇Linalool78-70-6C10H18O150.44±9.29a28.87±0.53b36.98±1.56b32.73±0.43b
3桉树脑Eucalyptol470-82-6C10H18O667.95±64.63a143.65±12.30c321.23±13.58b158.11±4.07c
4马鞭草烯醇trans-Verbenol1820-09-3C10H16O978.39±92.69a114.1±6.71b164.92±13.95b86.74±2.64b
52-茨醇endo-Borneol507-70-0C10H18O168.56±9.18a30.48±1.12d44.2±1.99c62.44±2.12b
64-萜烯醇Terpinen-4-ol562-74-3C10H18O34.48±1.87a6.86±0.35b/4.94±0.14c
7α-松油醇α-Terpineol98-55-5C10H18O221.13±13.27a35.38±0.77d88.11±2.30b60.20±1.85c
8(E)-7-十四碳烯-1-醇E-7-Tetradecenol37011-95-3C14H28O/3.08±0.23b/10.71±0.41a
9反式对甲苯-1(7),8-二烯-2-醇trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol21391-84-4C10H16O21.77±1.81a/8.50±0.51b/
10(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-ol106-25-2C10H18O23.72±0.82a5.87±0.23b//
11顺式对甲苯-2,8-二烯-1-醇cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol3886-78-0C10H16O1182.16±0.92a/9.91±0.44b/
121-十六醇1-Hexadecanol36653-82-4C16H34O46.59±1.18a36.80±1.93b43.92±1.68a/
134-氨基-1-戊醇4-amino-1-Pentanol927-55-9C5H13NO/97.32±0.64a//
14正戊醇1-Pentanol71-41-0C5H12O//7.01±0.48b15.17±0.61a
15环癸醇Cyclodecanol1502-05-2C10H20O///11.28±0.32a
醇类Alcohols3768.71112.27735.56453.90
1(E)-10-庚二烯-8-炔酸甲酯(E)-10-Heptadecen-8-ynoicacid,methylester16714-85-5C18H30O2149.46±2.02a/12.43±1.02b/
210,13-十八烯酸甲酯10,13-Octadecadiynoicacid,methylester18202-24-9C19H30O2356.59±3.15a/4.90±0.35b/
312,15-十八烯酸甲酯12,15-Octadecadiynoicacid,methylester57156-95-3C19H30O246.60±1.14a7.56±0.64d15.84±0.33b9.09±0.10c
413,16-十八烯酸甲酯13,16-Octadecadiynoicacid,methylester56846-98-1C19H30O21344.66±1.32a6.24±0.53b//
酯类Esters1897.3113.8033.179.09
12-壬酮2-Nonanone821-55-6C9H18O122.54±0.45a/15.98±0.33b/
2(S)-(+)-香芹酮D-Carvone2244-16-8C10H14O71.26±0.97a3.53±0.22c5.98±0.38b/
36-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-one110-93-0C8H14O58.33±2.13a/45.56±1.17b/
酮类Ketone252.133.5367.52/
12,5-二甲基吡嗪2,5-Dimethylpyrazine123-32-0C6H8N230.22±0.48b5.58±0.54c/43.23±0.31a
22-乙烷基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪Pyrazine,2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-13925-07-0C8H12N226.82±0.25a8.24±0.30c7.43±0.38d14.49±0.96b
31,3-二甲基-苯1,3-dimethyl-Benzene108-38-3C8H10174.84±4.55a8.81±0.22b/
42-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪Pyrazine,2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-24683-00-9C9H14N2O///78.10±3.88a
52-正戊基呋喃2-Pentylfuran3777-69-3C9H14O/19.19±0.20a//
杂环类Heterocyclic231.8841.827.43135.82
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944743465093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同冻结方式处理下青椒肉丝菜肴GC-MS结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名英文名CAS号分子式相对含量(mg/g)
RFSFLFCK
注:“/”表示未检出,同一组中不同字母表示数据间差异显著,P<0.05。
1异戊醛3-Methylbutyraldehyde590-86-3C5H10O/27.73±1.41a/9.12±1.75b
2己醛Hexanal66-25-1C6H12O1182.16±115.00a468.55±8.47b248.06±8.18c227.20±15.37c
3庚醛Heptanal111-71-7C7H14O46.59±1.96a14.00±4.57c21.04±1.86b8.21±1.00d
42-庚烯醛(Z)-2-Heptenal57266-86-1C7H12O90.44±1.28a20.5±0.54b//
5苯甲醛Benzaldehyde100-52-7C7H6O99.42±2.92b20.82±0.69d35.88±0.62c145.54±1.76a
6反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛(2E,4E)-2,4-Nonadienal5910-87-2C9H14O51.01±0.10a//30.32±0.34b
7苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde122-78-1C8H8O36.32±0.89a8.62±0.78c9.66±1.07c20.65±0.60b
8反-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-Octenal2548-87-0C8H14O114.47±2.03a32.27±2.09b20.89±1.22c21.56±1.16c
9壬醛Nonanal124-19-6C9H18O343.73±30.45a90.01±9.99b110.00±10.00b120±10.01b
10(Z)-2-壬烯醛(Z)-2-Nonenal60784-31-8C9H16O79.95±0.10a21.10±0.80b15.57±0.77c15.57±0.53c
11癸醛Decanal112-31-2C10H20O43.83±1.66a11.38±0.80b//
12(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛(Z)-2-decen-1-al2497-25-8C10H18O227.80±6.27a31.61±0.77b26.91±0.89b19.84±0.60c
13柠檬醛Citral5392-40-5C10H16O/142.54±7.55a/116.03±15.28b
142,4-癸二烯醛2,4-Decadienal2363-88-4C10H16O/118.73±3.60a/67.98±6.01b
152-亚乙基-6-甲基庚-3,5-二烯醛2-Ethylidene-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal99172-18-6C10H14O14.51±0.98a2.40±1.01c/5.08±0.16b
16(E,E)-2,4-十二碳二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Dodecadienal21662-16-8C12H20O/3.01±0.16b/9.05±0.45a
17正辛醛Octanal124-13-0C8H16O149.46±14.34a33.57±1.19b25.38±1.52c/
183,6-辛二烯醛,3,7-二甲基-3,7-Dimethyl-3,6-Octadienal55722-59-3C10H16O46.60±1.11a///
19(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadienal141-27-5C10H16O1344.66±86.4a/346.10±26.46b/
20(E,Z)-2,4-二烯醛(E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal25152-83-4C10H16O356.59±25.11a///
21反-2-十一烯醛2-Undecenal2463-77-6C11H20O122.54±8.18a/29.80±1.97b/
22戊醛Pentanal110-62-3C5H10O71.26±0.99a///
23(E)-十四烷-2-烯醛(E)-Tetradec-2-enal51534-36-2C14H26O58.33±1.49a26.92±0.26b2.73±0.04c/
24(E,E)-2,4-二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal25152-84-5C10H16O30.22±0.66b/164.64±4.77a/
25反式-4-癸烯醛(E)-4-Decenal65405-70-1C10H18O26.82±1.48a///
醛类Aldehydes4536.711073.761056.66816.15
1莰烯Camphene79-92-5C10H16174.84±12.96b64.53±3.71c225.35±12.81a26.62±0.62d
21,4-二甲基-4-乙烯基环己烯1,4-Dimethyl-4-vinylcyclohexene1743-61-9C10H16/60.16±0.63a/31.95±1.92b
33-蒈烯3-Carene13466-78-9C10H16/4.42±1.10c26.09±0.29b75.21±3.91a
4α-姜黄烯α-Curcumene644-30-4C15H22O26.77±0.98b9.48±0.73c42.07±2.42a7.84±0.42c
5姜烯Zingiberene495-60-3C15H22O232.06±9.36a30.5±2.20c140.46±8.78b29.86±2.13c
6(+)-1,7-二表-β-雪松烯(+)-β-Funebrene79120-98-2C15H24/8.77±0.75b43.23±2.84a9.08±0.74b
7α-蒎烯α-Pinene80-56-8C10H1691.58±8.56b/165.01±4.88a/
81,5,5-三甲基-6-亚甲基环己烯1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexene514-95-4C10H1630.47±1.25a11.27±1.08b4.03±0.16c/
9邻己烯o-Cymene527-84-4C10H1414.60±1.30a2.56±0.22c8.17±0.55b/
10(R)-1-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)-,环己烯(R)-1-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-Cyclohexene1461-27-4C10H16180.51±23.42a/54.21±0.89b/
11(Z)-2-十五碳烯-4-炔(Z)-2-Pentadecen-4-yne74646-33-6C15H2612.75±0.90a///
123,7-二甲基-2-辛烯-1-醇3,7-dimethyl-2-Octen-1-ol40607-48-5C10H20O42.49±1.66a6.96±0.60c12.13±0.21b/
131,6-辛二烯,3-乙氧基-3,7-二甲基-1,6-Octadiene,3-ethoxy-3,7-dimethyl-72845-33-1C12H22O38.03±1.56a///
14(Z)-α-蒎烯cis-α-Bisabolene29837-07-8C15H2428.20±1.30a5.03±0.22b//
15β-蒎烯β-Pinene127-91-3C10H16//44.23±3.10a/
16水芹烯α-Phellandrene99-83-2C10H16//16.23±1.05a/
17(-)-α-蒎烯α-Copaene3856-25-5C15H24//7.77±0.54a/
18环己烯,1-甲基-4-(1-甲基亚乙基)-Cyclohexene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-586-62-9C10H16//13.6±0.36a/
19β-红没药烯β-Bisabolene495-61-4C15H24//31.28±1.44a/
20茴香烯Anethole4180-23-8C10H12O250.30±14.49a49.24±4.32b//
21罗勒烯β-Ocimene13877-91-3C10H16/15.11±0.96a//
22甘菊蓝Azulene275-51-4C10H8///5.04±0.24a
23β-龙胆烯β-Longipinene41432-70-6C15H2420.48±1.70d52.88±2.87b33.48±1.29c100.68±8.43a
243-亚甲基-1,1-二甲基-2-乙烯基环己烷2-Ethenyl-1,1-dimethyl-3-methylenecyclohexane95452-08-7C11H18/4.95±0.21b/13.37±0.73a
252,6,10-三甲基十四烷2,6,10-Trimethyltetradecane14905-56-7C17H36114.47±0.29a28.63±1.05c7.62±0.99d69.74±1.49b
26正十六烷Hexadecane544-76-3C16H34343.73±5.13a28.37±1.86b13.55±1.10c/
27十二烷Dodecane112-40-3C12H2643.83±1.28b41.75±1.91b53.33±3.55a/
28胆甾烷-3-醇,2-亚甲基,(3β,5α)-Cholestan-3-ol,2-methylene-,(3β,5α)-22599-96-8C28H48O227.80±3.62a8.57±0.43b2.99±0.13c/
29十六烷,1,1-双(十二烷氧基)-Hexadecane,1,1-bis(dodecyloxy)-56554-64-4C40H82O214.51±0.41a///
烃类Hydrocarbons1923.74433.18944.83369.39
11-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol3391-86-4C8H16O32.65±2.09a9.84±0.42b10.78±0.74b11.58±0.83b
2芳樟醇Linalool78-70-6C10H18O150.44±9.29a28.87±0.53b36.98±1.56b32.73±0.43b
3桉树脑Eucalyptol470-82-6C10H18O667.95±64.63a143.65±12.30c321.23±13.58b158.11±4.07c
4马鞭草烯醇trans-Verbenol1820-09-3C10H16O978.39±92.69a114.1±6.71b164.92±13.95b86.74±2.64b
52-茨醇endo-Borneol507-70-0C10H18O168.56±9.18a30.48±1.12d44.2±1.99c62.44±2.12b
64-萜烯醇Terpinen-4-ol562-74-3C10H18O34.48±1.87a6.86±0.35b/4.94±0.14c
7α-松油醇α-Terpineol98-55-5C10H18O221.13±13.27a35.38±0.77d88.11±2.30b60.20±1.85c
8(E)-7-十四碳烯-1-醇E-7-Tetradecenol37011-95-3C14H28O/3.08±0.23b/10.71±0.41a
9反式对甲苯-1(7),8-二烯-2-醇trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol21391-84-4C10H16O21.77±1.81a/8.50±0.51b/
10(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(Z)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-ol106-25-2C10H18O23.72±0.82a5.87±0.23b//
11顺式对甲苯-2,8-二烯-1-醇cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol3886-78-0C10H16O1182.16±0.92a/9.91±0.44b/
121-十六醇1-Hexadecanol36653-82-4C16H34O46.59±1.18a36.80±1.93b43.92±1.68a/
134-氨基-1-戊醇4-amino-1-Pentanol927-55-9C5H13NO/97.32±0.64a//
14正戊醇1-Pentanol71-41-0C5H12O//7.01±0.48b15.17±0.61a
15环癸醇Cyclodecanol1502-05-2C10H20O///11.28±0.32a
醇类Alcohols3768.71112.27735.56453.90
1(E)-10-庚二烯-8-炔酸甲酯(E)-10-Heptadecen-8-ynoicacid,methylester16714-85-5C18H30O2149.46±2.02a/12.43±1.02b/
210,13-十八烯酸甲酯10,13-Octadecadiynoicacid,methylester18202-24-9C19H30O2356.59±3.15a/4.90±0.35b/
312,15-十八烯酸甲酯12,15-Octadecadiynoicacid,methylester57156-95-3C19H30O246.60±1.14a7.56±0.64d15.84±0.33b9.09±0.10c
413,16-十八烯酸甲酯13,16-Octadecadiynoicacid,methylester56846-98-1C19H30O21344.66±1.32a6.24±0.53b//
酯类Esters1897.3113.8033.179.09
12-壬酮2-Nonanone821-55-6C9H18O122.54±0.45a/15.98±0.33b/
2(S)-(+)-香芹酮D-Carvone2244-16-8C10H14O71.26±0.97a3.53±0.22c5.98±0.38b/
36-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-one110-93-0C8H14O58.33±2.13a/45.56±1.17b/
酮类Ketone252.133.5367.52/
12,5-二甲基吡嗪2,5-Dimethylpyrazine123-32-0C6H8N230.22±0.48b5.58±0.54c/43.23±0.31a
22-乙烷基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪Pyrazine,2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-13925-07-0C8H12N226.82±0.25a8.24±0.30c7.43±0.38d14.49±0.96b
31,3-二甲基-苯1,3-dimethyl-Benzene108-38-3C8H10174.84±4.55a8.81±0.22b/
42-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪Pyrazine,2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-24683-00-9C9H14N2O///78.10±3.88a
52-正戊基呋喃2-Pentylfuran3777-69-3C9H14O/19.19±0.20a//
杂环类Heterocyclic231.8841.827.43135.82
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944961568906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

OAV of shredded pork with green pepper under different freezing methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名英文名气味阈值(mg/g)气味描述OAV
RFSFLFCK
注:阈值数据主要来源于《化合物嗅觉阈值汇编》;气味描述主要来源于网站http://www.flavornet.org/flavornet.html。
1异戊醛3-Methylbutyraldehyde0.15苹果香/184.87/60.80
2己醛Hexanal4.5草、脂肪262.70104.1255.1250.49
3庚醛Heptanal3脂肪酸败15.534.677.012.74
42-庚烯醛(Z)-2-Heptenal13水果香、青草香6.961.58//
5苯甲醛Benzaldehyde3苦杏仁、樱桃、坚果33.146.9411.9648.51
6苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde4花香、果香9.082.162.425.16
7反-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-Octenal3脂肪、肉香38.1610.766.967.19
8壬醛Nonanal1绿色、柠檬香343.7390.01110.00120.00
9癸醛Decanal1柑橘香43.8311.38//
10正辛醛Octanal0.70青辛尖锐而有力的脂蜡香213.5147.9636.26/
11(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadienal4.00柠檬、薄荷香336.17/86.53/
12戊醛Pentanal9.00刺鼻味7.92///
13(E,E)-2,4-二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal0.05脂肪味604.40/3292.80/
141-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol1泥土、蘑菇、鱼腥味32.659.8410.7811.58
15芳樟醇Linalool900花香、柠檬香0.170.030.040.04
16桉树脑Eucalyptol0.26樟脑、薄荷香2569.04552.501235.5608.12
17α-松油醇α-Terpineol30薰衣草香7.371.182.942.01
182-壬酮2-Nonanone5热牛奶香、肥皂香24.51/3.20/
19(S)-(+)-香芹酮D-Carvone8.6葛缕子干籽8.290.410.70/
206-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-one10胡椒、蘑菇味//4.56/
212,5-二甲基吡嗪2,5-Dimethylpyrazine2焦糖香、咖啡香15.112.79/21.62
222-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪Pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-0.25烤坚果、焦糖和咖啡107.2832.9629.7257.96
232-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-Pyrazine0.001香料、青椒味///78100
24(Z)-2-壬烯醛(Z)-2-Nonenal0.19脂肪味420.79111.0581.9581.95
25(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛(Z)-2-Decenal0.3油脂味759.33105.3789.766.13
26莰烯Camphene8.5松木香、柑橘香20.577.5926.513.13
27姜烯Zingiberene20绿色、泥土味、辛辣味11.601.537.021.49
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945280336018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343849209803104, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同冻结方式处理下青椒肉丝菜肴OAV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名英文名气味阈值(mg/g)气味描述OAV
RFSFLFCK
注:阈值数据主要来源于《化合物嗅觉阈值汇编》;气味描述主要来源于网站http://www.flavornet.org/flavornet.html。
1异戊醛3-Methylbutyraldehyde0.15苹果香/184.87/60.80
2己醛Hexanal4.5草、脂肪262.70104.1255.1250.49
3庚醛Heptanal3脂肪酸败15.534.677.012.74
42-庚烯醛(Z)-2-Heptenal13水果香、青草香6.961.58//
5苯甲醛Benzaldehyde3苦杏仁、樱桃、坚果33.146.9411.9648.51
6苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde4花香、果香9.082.162.425.16
7反-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-Octenal3脂肪、肉香38.1610.766.967.19
8壬醛Nonanal1绿色、柠檬香343.7390.01110.00120.00
9癸醛Decanal1柑橘香43.8311.38//
10正辛醛Octanal0.70青辛尖锐而有力的脂蜡香213.5147.9636.26/
11(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛(E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-Octadienal4.00柠檬、薄荷香336.17/86.53/
12戊醛Pentanal9.00刺鼻味7.92///
13(E,E)-2,4-二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-Decadienal0.05脂肪味604.40/3292.80/
141-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol1泥土、蘑菇、鱼腥味32.659.8410.7811.58
15芳樟醇Linalool900花香、柠檬香0.170.030.040.04
16桉树脑Eucalyptol0.26樟脑、薄荷香2569.04552.501235.5608.12
17α-松油醇α-Terpineol30薰衣草香7.371.182.942.01
182-壬酮2-Nonanone5热牛奶香、肥皂香24.51/3.20/
19(S)-(+)-香芹酮D-Carvone8.6葛缕子干籽8.290.410.70/
206-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-one10胡椒、蘑菇味//4.56/
212,5-二甲基吡嗪2,5-Dimethylpyrazine2焦糖香、咖啡香15.112.79/21.62
222-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪Pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-0.25烤坚果、焦糖和咖啡107.2832.9629.7257.96
232-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-Pyrazine0.001香料、青椒味///78100
24(Z)-2-壬烯醛(Z)-2-Nonenal0.19脂肪味420.79111.0581.9581.95
25(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛(Z)-2-Decenal0.3油脂味759.33105.3789.766.13
26莰烯Camphene8.5松木香、柑橘香20.577.5926.513.13
27姜烯Zingiberene20绿色、泥土味、辛辣味11.601.537.021.49
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基于OPLS-DA模型分析不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝预制菜挥发性风味物质的影响
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梁淇雅 1 , 刘燕 2 , 白杨 3 , 杨景帆 1 , 黄忠民 1, 4 , 潘治利 1, 4 , 艾志录 1, 4 , 雷萌萌 *, 1, 4
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(9): 342-352
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食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026, 47(9): 342-352
基于OPLS-DA模型分析不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝预制菜挥发性风味物质的影响
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梁淇雅1 , 刘燕2, 白杨3, 杨景帆1, 黄忠民1, 4, 潘治利1, 4, 艾志录1, 4, 雷萌萌*, 1, 4
作者信息
  • 1.河南农业大学食品科学技术学院,河南郑州 450002
  • 2.三全食品股份有限公司,河南郑州 450002
  • 3.思念食品(河南)有限公司,河南郑州 450002
  • 4.农业农村部大宗粮食加工重点实验室,国家速冻米面制品加工技术研发专业中心,河南省冷链食品工程技术研究中心,河南省速冻面米及调制食品工程研究中心,河南郑州 450002
  • 梁淇雅(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:速冻食品,E-mail:

通讯作者:

雷萌萌(1989−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工、功能性食品,E-mail:
Effects of Different Freezing Methods on the Volatile Flavor Compounds of Shredded Pork with Green Pepper Preprepared Dishes Based on OPLS-DA Model Analysis
Qiya LIANG1 , Yan LIU2, Yang BAI3, Jingfan YANG1, Zhongmin HUANG1, 4, Zhili PAN1, 4, Zhilu AI1, 4, Mengmeng LEI*, 1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 2.Sanquan Foods Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 3.Synear Food (Henan) Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 4.Key Laboratory of Staple Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R & D Center for Frozen Rice & Wheat Products Processing Technology, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cold-Chain Food, Henan Engineering Laboratory for Frozen Noodles, Rice, and Prepared Foods, Zhengzhou 450002, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060030
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为探究传统冰箱冻结(RF)、螺旋隧道冻结(SF)及液氮浸渍冻结(LF)三种不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝预制菜肴风味的影响,本研究以新鲜青椒肉丝菜肴为对照,采用电子鼻(E-nose)与顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定,利用主成分分析,结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)和气味活度值(OAV)筛选关键呈香物质。电子鼻结果表明W1W(硫化合物)传感器的响应值明显高于其他传感器,这可能表明样品含有相对较高浓度的硫化合物。GC-MS检测出81种挥发性风味化合物,冷冻后己醛和莰烯的含量显著增加,而苯甲醛和β-龙胆烯等含量显著降低(P<0.05)。通过OAV和OPLS-DA分别筛选出27种对风味影响较大和35种差异较大的挥发性化合物,其中共有10种是OAV>1且变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)>1的关键物质,分别为苯甲醛和2,5-二甲基吡嗪等具有青椒和肉香的醛类、吡嗪类化合物。不同冻结方式处理后,RF组青椒肉丝菜肴产生异味物质,如正十六烷、(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛等;但SF和LF组风味接近于新鲜样品。本研究明确了青椒肉丝菜肴的关键性风味化合物,可为预制菜产业的品质提升与风味保持提供一定的理论依据。

电子鼻  /  气相色谱-质谱法  /  冻结方式  /  挥发性风味物质  /  预制菜

This study evaluated the effects of three freezing methods (traditional refrigerator freezing, RF, spiral tunnel freezing, SF, and liquid nitrogen immersion freezing, LF) on the flavor profile of shredded pork with green pepper dishes, using fresh samples as controls. Flavor analysis was performed using an electronic nose (E-nose) combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Multivariate statistical approaches including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and odor activity value (OAV) calculations were employed to characterize key flavor compounds. The E-nose results showed that the W1W sensor, which detected sulfur compounds, exhibited the strongest response, indicating a high concentration of sulfur-containing volatiles. GC-MS analysis identified 81 volatile compounds, with hexanal and camphene levels increasing significantly after freezing, while benzaldehyde and β-bisabolene decreased significantly (P<0.05). Through OAV and OPLS-DA analyses, 27 flavor-active compounds and 35 treatment-discriminatory volatiles were identified. Ten key compounds with both OAV>1 and variable importance in projection (VIP) >1 were determined to be critical for flavor, including benzaldehyde (almond-like) and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (meaty and green pepper-like notes). Notably, RF treatment led to accumulation of off-flavor compounds like hexadecane and (Z)-2-decenal, while SF and LF treatments better preserved the fresh-like flavor profile. This study identifies the key flavor compounds in shredded pork with green pepper dishes and provides practical insights for maintaining flavor quality in preprepared foods through optimized freezing processes.

E-nose  /  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)  /  freezing methods  /  volatile flavor components  /  preprepared dishes
梁淇雅, 刘燕, 白杨, 杨景帆, 黄忠民, 潘治利, 艾志录, 雷萌萌. 基于OPLS-DA模型分析不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝预制菜挥发性风味物质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 342 -352 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060030
Qiya LIANG, Yan LIU, Yang BAI, Jingfan YANG, Zhongmin HUANG, Zhili PAN, Zhilu AI, Mengmeng LEI. Effects of Different Freezing Methods on the Volatile Flavor Compounds of Shredded Pork with Green Pepper Preprepared Dishes Based on OPLS-DA Model Analysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 342 -352 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060030
预制菜是指以一种或多种农产品为主要原料,经过标准化、规模化以及流水化作业,进行预加工和预烹调,并进行预包装的成品或半成品菜肴[1],不得添加防腐剂,在长期保存时一般采用冷冻方式保存。随着现代社会生活节奏的加快,预制菜产业呈现出快速发展的态势,并逐渐获得消费者的广泛认可。行业数据显示,2025年春节期间,预制菜销售额突破200亿元,与之前相比增长超50%[2],未来几年,市场规模有望以20%每年的幅度逐年上升,并有望在2026年达到10720亿元[3]。青椒肉丝菜肴最早起源于四川,是一道营养丰富的菜肴,富含多种维生素、氨基酸等营养成分[45]。但在储存过程中菜肴经常出现组织结构塌陷、汁液流失和风味物质逸散以及异味物质产生的问题。
冷冻是预制菜生产、储存与销售等环节中至关重要的一步,然而,在冷冻过程中,冰晶的形成会导致食品体积膨胀、结构破坏,从而引发水分流失和质地恶化,进一步损害食品的质量和风味。因此,冰晶大小是决定冷冻预制菜肴质地特性的一个关键参数,预制菜肴的质量会因冷冻方法的不同而发生变化[6]。快速冷冻技术会形成较小的冰晶[7],可以显著减轻对营养价值、风味和结构完整性的不利影响[89],从而有效保持菜肴的整体质量[10]和风味[11]。如液氮速冻与浸液式速冻在一定程度上可以改善鼓风冷冻导致的白切鸡品质劣变[12];在对石斑鱼[13]和鱼糜[14]的研究中发现液氮喷雾冷冻技术抑制了鱼腥和腐臭化合物的产生;Teng等[9]发现−80 ℃液氮浸渍冻结更能保留生蚝原有的风味。此外,在对不同冻结方式对手抓羊肉菜肴风味的研究中还发现较高的冻结速率处理菜肴后,即使储存时间较长,菜肴也具有良好的保真性[15]。因此,优化冻结方式对于保持食品品质至关重要[16]
挥发性风味是指通过嗅觉感知的、由易挥发性化合物产生的气味特征。正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)是一种多变量统计分析方法,结合了偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和正交信号校正(OSC)两种技术,可以有效区分不同组别的样本,也可以识别组别分类中的关键变量[17]。目前的研究中,OPLS-DA技术与多种技术联用来筛选影响食物的关键性差异物质,如Kang等[18]通过与液相色谱-质谱联用筛选出了牛肉中重大贡献的物种特异性肽。Yu等[19]与顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联用分析发现脂质氧化衍生的挥发性化合物的变化与肉类冷冻储存过程中质量恶化之间具有关联性。此外,实验室前期研究发现[20],冻结工艺会对青椒肉丝菜肴的色泽、质构、微观结构、水分分布和滋味等品质指标造成影响,较快的冻结速率更有利于食品的结构、水分与滋味的保持,而对于挥发性风味的进一步影响及其机制尚未见报道。
因此,本研究以青椒肉丝为研究对象,基于OPLS-DA模型探究传统冰箱冻结(refrigerator freezing,RF)、螺旋隧道冻结(spiral tunnel freezing,SF)、液氮浸渍冻结(liquid nitrogen immersion freezing,LF)三种不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝预制菜肴风味物质变化的影响,为研究优化青椒肉丝预制菜冻结工艺提供数据支撑,同时为推进我国预制菜产业品质提升与风味保持提供一定的理论依据。
青椒、肉丝、葱姜蒜等 郑州双汇门店;盐 孝感广盐华源制盐有限公司;味精 莲花健康产业集团食品有限公司;葵花仁油 山东鲁花集团商贸有限公司;液氮 皓元气体有限公司提供;2,3,4-三甲基吡啶(色谱纯) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
双切款电动房太太多功能切肉机 东莞市房太太电器有限公司;SMK-GT 6型自动炒菜机 广东赛米控人工智能集团有限公司;BD/BC-140 SA型变温冷冻冷藏箱 广东星牌厨电科技有限公司;单螺旋速冻隧道机(产量:60 kg/h,定制) 郑州亨利制冷设备有限公司;HVC-510 F/2 A真空打包机 华联机械集团有限公司;G80F25MSXLVIN-A7型微波炉 广东格兰仕集团有限公司;PH-WRWS-01温湿度记录仪 安徽鹏和冷链科技有限公司;TSQ9000 GC-MS/MS三重四极杆气质联用仪 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;TG-WaxMS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) 美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;SmartSPMEArrow1.10mm: DVB/C-WR/PDMS萃取头 广州智达实验室科技有限公司;PEN3型便携式电子鼻 德国AIRSENSE公司。
样品处理与制备步骤如下:除去猪里脊表面筋腱组织及脂肪后切分为5 g的肉丝,大小约为5 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm,充分洗净后称取100±0.5 g;青椒洗净后去籽,切分为5 cm×0.5 cm×0.3 cm的大小后取50±0.5 g,葱姜切细丝(5 cm×0.3 cm×0.3 cm),称取葵花籽油8.5 g、葱3.5±0.1 g、姜3.5±0.1 g、盐1.5 g、味精0.5 g备用[14]
通过自动炒菜机炒菜模式调3档火力炒制,首先倒入葵花籽油加热30 s,然后下入葱姜翻炒30 s爆香,再下入肉丝炒制60 s至肉丝变色后加入青椒,翻炒60 s至青椒断生,最后加入盐与味精炒制60 s后出锅,最终得到菜肴总质量为140±3 g。炒制完成后装入真空包装袋中,放入冰水浴中预冷至样品中心温度20 ℃时拿出塑封。此时未经冷冻的样品为对照组CK。
将封装好的样品分别放入−20 ℃冰箱(RF)、螺旋隧道(SF)和液氮(LF)中进行冻结,用温度传感器监测,每组样品中心温度达到−20 ℃时,放入−20 ℃冰箱冻藏备用。
将冷冻10 d后的样品取出放入微波炉,利用微波解冻法进行复热,设置微波炉参数为2450 MHz,解冻2 min使样品受热解冻均匀。
参照Sun等[21]的测试条件稍作修改,将5 g样品放入50 mL离心管中密封,平衡30 min后顶空取样。测试条件如下:每个采样周期持续1 s;传感器自清洁时间为80 s;进样时间为5 s;注射流速为400 mL/min;总分析采样时间为80 s,选取在69~71 s之间收集的数据用于总结和分析。表1为电子鼻10个不同传感器对应物质种类。
根据参考文献[22]的方法并修改。精确称取4.5 g切碎的样品,并将其转移到20 mL顶空瓶中,加入10 μL浓度为10−3 g/mL的2,3,4-三甲基吡啶内标,立即用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)隔膜密封小瓶。将小瓶在55 ℃下预热15 min后在55 ℃温度下用75 μm CAR/PDMS纤维吸附45 min,最后在250 ℃下解吸纤维5 min。
GC-MS条件:进样口温度设置为250 ℃,氦气载气流量保持在1.0 mL/min。升温程序:初始柱温保持在35 ℃ 5 min,然后以4 ℃/min的速度升至130 ℃并保持3 min,然后再以8 ℃/min升至200 ℃并维持3 min,最后以12 ℃/min升至250 ℃并持续5 min。GC-MS界面温度设置为280 ℃,四极杆温度设置为150 ℃,离子源温度设置为230 ℃。电离以电子电离(EI)模式进行,电子能量为70 eV,质量扫描范围设置为30~550 m/z。通过将挥发性成分的质谱与Mainlib质谱库中的质谱进行比较,鉴定出挥发性成分。2,3,4-三甲基吡啶用作定量挥发性风味化合物的内标,挥发性化合物的香气活性值(odor activity value,OAV)[23]按照下式计算:
$ \text{C}_{\text{i}}=\frac{\text{A}_{\text{i}}}{\text{A}_{\text{s}}\text{×}\text{m}_{\text{i}}}\text{×}\text{m}_{\text{s}} $
$ \text{OAV}=\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{i}}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{i}}} $
式中,Ci表示挥发性化合物的相对含量,mg/g;Ai和As分别是目标挥发性化合物i和内标化合物的峰面积;mi是样品的质量,g;ms是内标化合物的质量,mg;Ti表示挥发性化合物在水中的气味阈值,mg/g。
实验数据使用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析,以评估样本间变异,统计学显著性定义为P<0.05。每次实验均为3组平行,数据表示为平均值±标准差(SD)。使用Origin 2024软件生成HS-SPME-GC-MS的热图与电子鼻分析的雷达图;使用MetaboAnalyst V.6.0网站生成主成分分析(PCA)和相应的负荷图;使用SIMCA 14.1软件进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)与绘图。
不同冻结方式处理后的青椒肉丝样品的电子鼻检测结果如图1所示,W1W(硫化合物)传感器的响应值明显高于其他传感器,这可能表明样品含有相对较高浓度的硫化合物。对不同处理的样品进行主成分分析(PCA),如图1B所示,可以看出主成分1和主成分2的累积贡献率为89.6%,表明这两个主要成分捕获了样品的大部分信息,可以有效地反映其整体特征[24];不同方法处理的样品在PC1和PC2轴上没有重叠,证实了它们的挥发性特征存在显著差异。因此,电子鼻反应分析可以有效地区分经过不同冷冻处理的青椒肉丝样品。在图1C主成分分析载荷图中,传感器W3S和W3C沿PC1轴更为突出,表明它们对这一主成分的贡献更大,而W1W沿PC2轴突出,体现了其对PC2的重大贡献。
不同冷冻方法下的青椒肉丝样品进行GC-MS分析,共鉴定出81种挥发性化合物,包括25种醛、29种烃、15种醇、4种酯、3种酮和5种杂环化合物,具体结果见表2
醛是食品中至关重要的挥发性化合物,主要通过脂肪和氨基酸的Strecker降解产生[25],其气味阈值低,因此对食物风味有显著贡献[26]。苯甲醛(苦杏仁、樱桃、坚果)通常被认为是肉类风味的关键因素[27],冷冻后相对含量下降。这可能是因为冻结时产生的冰晶破坏了细胞的结构,导致复热过程中汁液流失,溶于水的风味物质逸散[28]。不同冷冻方式处理后青椒肉丝菜肴中己醛(脂肪味)、反-2-辛烯醛、(Z)-2-壬烯醛和(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛的含量均明显增加,其中,液氮浸渍冻结对食品氧化降解过程的抑制效果最为显著,螺旋隧道冻结次之。这可能与冷冻速率密切相关,冷冻速率越高,产生的冰晶越细小且均匀,对菜肴结构破坏越小[29],因而醛类增加幅度相对较小,这与前期研究得到的LF>SF>RF的冻结速率趋势相符[20]。同时,冷冻过后样本中都产生(E)-十四烷-2-烯醛,这可能是在10 d的储存期内由于脂肪氧化生成了新的化合物。只有RF组中检出戊醛(刺激性气味),表明较慢的冷冻速度会形成较大的冰晶,对菜肴的结构破坏较大,青椒和肉丝中分子内和分子间发生了氧化反应,从而对青椒肉丝菜肴产生负面影响。
烃类物质主要来源于脂肪酸衍生的烷基的裂解,以其新鲜和芳香的气味为特征,分为烯烃和烷烃。RF组烃类物质含量占比最低,相比于CK组减少了5.23 %。与烯烃相比,烷烃具有更高的气味阈值,因此对青椒肉丝菜肴的整体风味影响较小。冷冻后的样品中出现正十六烷(刺激性气味),这表明当青椒肉丝菜肴结构破坏程度较大时储存会更容易产生对菜肴风味有害的物质,与王吉丽等[30]研究一致。RF组表现出正十六烷含量最高,表明较慢的冻结速率对抑制不良香气化合物的形成效果较差。
醇和酮是脂质氧化和氨基酸降解的次级产物[31]。在青椒肉丝菜肴中,脂肪酸最初会分解成短链醛,然后进一步分解成醇、酮和其他化合物,导致风味酸败和恶化。冷冻后,样品中出现酮类化合物,RF组显示醇和酮的相对含量较高。这表明慢速冻结后的样品由于产生的大冰晶破坏了组织结构,结合水转变为自由水[20],样品中用于发生反应的水分增加,脂肪酸更容易被分解为醇、酮和其他化合物。例如,RF组具有较高水平的1-辛烯-3-醇(泥土和蘑菇状香气)和芳樟醇(花香和柑橘状香气),可能是由于储存过程中亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸的过度氧化所致[32]
酯类化合物主要来源于蛋白质水解产生的有机酸和醇的酯化反应[33]。它们对香气的贡献取决于它们的链长;短链酯具有果香,而长链酯具有轻微的脂肪味[34]。在RF组中酯含量最高,主要是具有脂肪味的长链酯,如13,16-十八烯酸甲酯,这可能是由于RF组中脂肪酸氧化生成的醇类较多,更容易与酸发生反应。
杂环化合物,包括呋喃和吡嗪,主要在肉制品的热加工过程中产生。呋喃化合物来源于美拉德反应和硫胺素降解[35],但在青椒肉丝菜肴中,呋喃化合物不太常见,吡嗪是主要的杂环化合物。在CK组样品中,2,5-二甲基吡嗪(焦糖和咖啡香气)、2-乙烷基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪(烤坚果、焦糖和咖啡香味)和2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪(香料和青椒香气)的杂环物质含量最高,由于吡嗪类化合物香气阈值较低[36],这些物质可能对青椒炒肉菜肴的风味有重要影响。
为了可视化分析结果,对每个样品的GC-MS数据进行了归一化处理,如图2A所示。在热图中,粉红色表示浓度较高,而蓝色表示浓度较低。该图显示,与其他组相比,RF组表现出显著差异。图2B韦恩图显示,不同样品中共有化合物为21种,冻结后,3种挥发性化合物消失,RF、SF和LF组分别出现7、3和5种新的化合物。可能是由于不同温度生成冰晶对结构的破坏不同,RF组冻结温度较高,冻结速率慢,不规则的大冰晶会破坏细胞结构,导致胞内的物质更容易与外界物质发生反应,贮藏后生成对青椒肉丝菜肴风味有不利影响的化合物,如(E,Z)-2,4-二烯醛和反式-4-癸烯醛。而LF组冻结温度低,冻结速率快,可以更好地保持细胞结构,但低温会引起脂质相变(如玻璃化转化),可能使青椒肉丝菜肴中某些不饱和脂肪酸在储藏过程中氧化,从而产生新的物质,如液氮浸渍冻结产生的β-蒎烯、水芹烯和(-)-α-蒎烯等烯类化合物。图2C分析了不同处理方法下挥发性化合物的百分含量,表明RF组醇类相对含量最高,SF组醛类相对含量最高,LF组烃类相对含量最高,CK组杂环化合物相对含量最高。这些差异可能是由于不同冷冻方法下的冷冻速率不同,对样品有不同的影响。从图2D中可以明显看出,冷冻后挥发性化合物的总数显著增加,冷冻速率越低,挥发性化合物的总数越高。冷冻速率较低的两组样品中的醛类和酮类种类显著增加,表明冷冻和储存可能会促进炒青椒肉丝菜肴中醛类和酮类的形成,产生刺激性气味(如在RF组中产生的戊醛),并导致风味酸败和恶化,对菜肴品质产生不利影响。
由于从GC-MS结果中获得的挥发性有机化合物含量不能直接反映每种化合物对青椒肉丝整体香气的贡献,因此采用OAV方法来鉴定关键的香气化合物。一般来说,通常根据OAV值的大小来评价香气组分对食品整体香气的贡献度,OAV值越高,表明挥发性有机化合物对样品的整体香气贡献越大。OAV≥1,表明该香气组分对食品的香气具有一定影响[37],OAV≥10,表明该香气组分对食品整体香气贡献极大[38]。通过已报道的挥发性物质的阈值计算OAV,选择27种被广泛用于风味表征的化合物进行分析。这些风味化合物共同构成了青椒肉丝菜肴的整体风味,计算结果见表3。在这项研究中,对风味贡献最大的化合物是桉树脑,其特征是具有樟脑和薄荷香,其在RF组OAV值明显增大,对青椒肉丝菜肴影响较大,可能产生明显异味,导致菜肴风味变差。其次对青椒肉丝菜肴风味贡献较大的为(Z)-2-癸烯-1-醛、(Z)-2-壬烯醛等阈值较低的醛类,多呈现脂肪味,它们在CK组存在较少。随着冻结速率降低,这些醛类物质在青椒肉丝菜肴中的贡献增多,使菜肴呈现明显的脂肪味,同时使菜肴的感官评分降低[20]。结果表明,冻结速率较高时,菜肴的风味更接近新鲜菜肴的风味。
为了分析不同处理方式风味之间的差异,量化关键性风味化合物对青椒肉丝菜肴风味的贡献,建立了正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型,结果如图3所示。发现自变量R2X、因变量R2Y与模型预测指数Q2的值分别为0.936、0.997与0.994,均接近于1,表明模型拟合合理[39]图3A为青椒肉丝菜肴风味的OPLS-DA图,主成分之和为81.8%,可以较好地反映样品信息,从图中可以看出不同冻结方式处理后的样品间存在差异。在R2X[1]方向上,SF和LF组的风味更接近CK组,RF组由于冻结速率慢对青椒肉丝菜肴结构破坏较大,对风味影响较多。为了防止模型过度拟合,进行了200次置换检验,结果见图3BQ2回归线在零以下与垂直轴相交,R2(0.202)和Q2(−0.759)都小于保留值1.0,证实了该模型没有过拟合,是可靠的[40],该结果可以被用来分析不同冻结方式处理后的青椒肉丝样品。图3C对风味化合物进行了变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)筛选,最终发现35种化合物的VIP值大于1,为青椒肉丝菜肴的关键性风味化合物[41]。这些化合物包括4种杂环化合物、18种烃、8种醛、1种醇、2种酯和2种酮。其中甘菊蓝、2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪为CK组的特异性风味化合物;β-红没药烯、(-)-α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯是LF组特有的,2-正戊基呋喃、罗勒烯和4-氨基-1-戊醇仅在SF组中存在。
图4所示,对OAV>1的27种与VIP>1的35种挥发性风味化合物进行综合分析,发现OAV>1且VIP>1的关键物质共有10种,主要是醛类、酮类与吡嗪类香气阈值较低的化合物,这些物质是主导青椒肉丝菜肴风味的关键化合物。OAV值越大,对青椒肉丝菜肴风味的贡献越大,其中OAV值最大的是2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪(香料、青椒味),只在CK中存在,冻结后样品中未检出,可能是冻结过程中产生的冰晶对细胞结构产生破坏,风味物质损失。OAV>1但VIP<1的风味物质有17种,这些物质主要是醛类,虽然对青椒肉丝菜肴的风味贡献较大,但在不同样品间无显著差异(P>0.05)。OAV<1但VIP>1的化合物有25种,主要为烯烃类化合物,这些物质虽在不同样品间差异显著(P<0.05),但由于其阈值较高的特性,感官嗅闻时很难感到差异。
本研究通过电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱联用质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联合主成分分析法(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)和气味活度值(OAV)分析对比分析不同冻结方式对青椒肉丝菜肴风味的影响。结果发现,三种冻结方式中,电子鼻结果表明不同冻结方式处理过后的样品之间有显著差异,W1W(硫化合物)传感器的响应值差异明显。GC-MS共检测出81种挥发性风味化合物,冷冻后己醛(脂肪味)等会导致青椒肉丝菜肴产生异味的挥发性物质含量显著增加(P<0.05),而苯甲醛(苦杏仁、樱桃、坚果)和2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪(香料和青椒香气)等对青椒肉丝菜肴风味有积极影响的风味物质含量显著降低或消失(P<0.05)。通过OAV和OPLS-DA分别筛选出27种对青椒肉丝菜肴风味影响较大和35种差异较大的挥发性化合物,其中共有10种是OAV>1且VIP>1的关键物质,分别为苯甲醛、苯乙醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪和2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪等具有青椒和肉香的醛类、吡嗪类化合物。综上所述,三种冻结方式中,冰箱慢速冻结会造成青椒肉丝菜肴产生较多的异味物质,如酮类化合物,最终对菜肴的风味造成影响。虽然较低的冻结温度有助于提升菜肴风味,但也可能引发冻结损伤,进而产生异味化合物的问题。因此,下一步计划在现有冻结方式研究的基础上,进一步细化冻结温度参数,以探寻对青椒肉丝菜肴品质及风味最优的冻结温度。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060030
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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    1.河南农业大学食品科学技术学院,河南郑州 450002
    2.三全食品股份有限公司,河南郑州 450002
    3.思念食品(河南)有限公司,河南郑州 450002
    4.农业农村部大宗粮食加工重点实验室,国家速冻米面制品加工技术研发专业中心,河南省冷链食品工程技术研究中心,河南省速冻面米及调制食品工程研究中心,河南郑州 450002

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雷萌萌(1989−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工、功能性食品,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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