Article(id=1261343848777769408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040388, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657408183, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657408183, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657408183, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657408183, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=290, endPage=298, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343856755335631, articleId=1261343848777769408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Paper-based Colorimetric Sensor for Detection of Shrimp Allergenic Component sIgE in Serum, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective:

In this study, a paper-based colorimetric sensor was constructed and applied to detect the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) of shrimp allergic patients.

Methods:

The specific antibody (sAb) of the important allergen components in Litopenaeus vannamei, including tropomyosin (Lit v 1), arginine kinase (Lit v 2) and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (Lit v 4), were prepared and their titer were evaluated. The paper-based colorimetric sensor was prepared with allergens as recognition elements, comprising a covering layer, a working layer and a waste liquid outflow layer. The reaction conditions of the paper-based sensor were optimized and its analytical performance was systematically evaluated.

Results:

Under the optimal conditions (secondary antibody dilution of 1:2000, target incubation time of 15 min etc.), Lit v 1-sAb, Lit v 2-sAb, Lit v 4-sAb were detected. Theirs recoveries were from 95.14% to 103.25%, with the relative standard deviations of less than 10%. The sensor was applied to the detection of sIgE in serum samples from shrimp allergic patients with a detection limit of 0.22 ng/mL and a quantitation limit of 0.73 ng/mL. In addition, the sensitivities of the Lit v 1-sIgE, Lit v 2-sIgE, and Lit v 4-sIgE ranged from 80.00% to 100%, and the specificities of the three ranged from 91.67% to 100.00%. The consistency of this method with ELISA results reached 88.10%.

Conclusion:

The sensor has good sensitivity and accuracy. The method is simple, rapid, and suitable for quantitative analysis of allergen component sIgE in shrimp allergic patients. This provides technical support for the component resolved diagnosis of crustacean aquatic products.

, correspAuthors=Guangming LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong LIU, Huilin ZHANG, Qingmei LIU, Qiaoqin CHEN, Yanyun LIU, Guangming LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343874518213251, articleId=1261343848777769408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于纸基比色传感器检测血清中虾致敏原组分sIgE, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的:

构建纸基比色传感器用于虾过敏患者致敏原组分特异性IgE(Specific immunoglobulin E,sIgE)定量分析。

方法:

制备凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)重要致敏原组分原肌球蛋白(Lit v 1)、精氨酸激酶(Lit v 2)、肌质钙结合蛋白(Lit v 4)特异性抗体(Specific antibody,sAb)并进行效价评估,以致敏原为识别元件,制作包括覆盖层、工作层和废液流出层的纸基比色传感器,对其进行条件优化和性能评价。

结果:

在二抗稀释倍数为1:2000、目标物孵育时间为15 min等最优条件下检测Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb、Lit v 4-sAb,回收率为95.14%~103.25%,相对标准偏差<10%。在虾过敏患者血清样本sIgE的检测中,检出限为0.22 ng/mL,定量限为0.73 ng/mL,Lit v 1-sIgE、Lit v 2-sIgE、Lit v 4-sIgE 的检测灵敏度为80.00%~100.00%,特异性为91.67%~100.00%,与酶联免疫吸附试验检测结果一致性达到88.10%。

结论:

该传感器具有良好的灵敏度和准确度,该方法简单、快速,能够应用于虾过敏患者致敏原组分sIgE定量分析,为甲壳类水产品致敏原组分诊断提供技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=刘光明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘光明(1972−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品加工与安全,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5GvrS+XN9FZsZFHuiZ00IA==, magXml=+0eeB60xwRKDIlrIJY6axQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=CowPcT18Mlk6bQ2HLZPM/g==, pdfFileSize=2297871, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=UwFcaCcjQ0zHlgKAk9oUHA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3pmJ8k+z6sPa2H/VYlQSHA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘红(1989−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:水产品质量检测,E-mail:

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刘红(1989−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:水产品质量检测,E-mail:

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Biotin interference in immunoassays based on biotin-strept (avidin) chemistry: An emerging threat[J]. 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注:A,Dot-blot;B,ELISA,1:1×103~1:5×105为sAb稀释倍数。

, figureFileSmall=v/5ovkx/TObxjmxfz3JgFw==, figureFileBig=UwFcaCcjQ0zHlgKAk9oUHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343926988955744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic and the feasibility of the paper-based colorimetric sensor for detection of sIgE, figureFileSmall=5ACXSbVF0Gw3EtTNtMkCdg==, figureFileBig=Q81gxk+PfPRiZwnOaeL5Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343928222081128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=图2, caption=纸基比色传感器检测sIgE的示意图及可行性分析

注:A,PAD构造图,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ分别为覆盖层、工作层、废液流出层、覆盖层;B,检测流程图;C,检测区域的ΔR值的变化,图中不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.01);D,纸基照片;(i)致敏原+sAb+HRP+TMB,(ii)戊二醛+TMB,(iii)戊二醛+致敏原+TMB,(iv)戊二醛+致敏原+sAb+TMB,(v)戊二醛+致敏原+sAb+HRP+TMB,(vi)戊二醛+致敏原+HRP+TMB(空白对照组)。

, figureFileSmall=5ACXSbVF0Gw3EtTNtMkCdg==, figureFileBig=Q81gxk+PfPRiZwnOaeL5Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343930717692022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Optimization of assay conditions on paper-based colorimetric sensor, figureFileSmall=omuyxLdxNCreLcfUPNyo3w==, figureFileBig=N1MTKaL5S2Vd3BpxJ4FqIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343932005343360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=图3, caption=纸基比色传感器检测条件优化

注:A,二抗稀释度;B,TMB显色时间;C,目标物孵育时间;D,二抗孵育时间;图中不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=omuyxLdxNCreLcfUPNyo3w==, figureFileBig=N1MTKaL5S2Vd3BpxJ4FqIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343932793872516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Paper-based photos of Lit v 1-sAb, Lit v 2-sAb and Lit v 4-sAb at different concentrations, figureFileSmall=Keuc/epBtFiLr+LRNBgsZQ==, figureFileBig=7h0MylAfMxcnqiu5Knd1Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343933632733324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同浓度Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb、Lit v 4-sAb的纸基照片, figureFileSmall=Keuc/epBtFiLr+LRNBgsZQ==, figureFileBig=7h0MylAfMxcnqiu5Knd1Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343935411118234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Evaluation of interference immunity of paper-based colorimetric sensor and IgE standard curve determination by PAD, figureFileSmall=CddSU+ZNVR67QBnGhNx7yg==, figureFileBig=QNdtpouL/XaM9Plz7SGjYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343936208035999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=图5, caption=纸基比色传感器的抗干扰能力评估及IgE标准曲线测定

注:A,血清干扰物,图中不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.01);B,人抗IgE 检测的标准曲线。

, figureFileSmall=CddSU+ZNVR67QBnGhNx7yg==, figureFileBig=QNdtpouL/XaM9Plz7SGjYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343937013342373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Detection results of sIgE in serum samples, figureFileSmall=P/RKtdxx5if7BB17JnQ3rA==, figureFileBig=aVI6f7zVomeQj8cj5sqq6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343937923506346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=图6, caption=血清样本 sIgE 检测结果

注:A,PAD测定;B,PAD和ELISA比较(显著性分析是每个血清样本PAD和ELISA之间相比);*差异显著(P<0.05),**差异极显著(P<0.01),***差异极显著(P<0.001),****差异极显著(P<0.0001)。

, figureFileSmall=P/RKtdxx5if7BB17JnQ3rA==, figureFileBig=aVI6f7zVomeQj8cj5sqq6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343939659948206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Limit of detection, limit of quantitation, correlation coefficients and linear ranges of Lit v 1-sAb, Lit v 2-sAb and Lit v 4-sAb measured by paper-based colorimetric sensor and traditional ELISA (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物线性范围(ng/mL)PADELISA
线性方程R2LOD (ng/mL)LOQ (ng/mL)线性方程R2LOD (ng/mL)LOQ (ng/mL)
Lit v 1-sAb0.2~2.4y=6.401x+6.7470.97340.27990.9330y=0.06160x+0.14160.99070.27960.9320
5.0~40.0y=0.8707x+21.080.9888y=0.02758x+0.36160.9906
Lit v 2-sAb0.2~2.4y=8.011x+5.5460.96950.34061.1353y=0.02721x+0.14980.99110.76562.5520
5.0~40.0y=0.6707x+24.150.9852y=0.01886x+0.17410.9922
Lit v 4-sAb0.2~2.4y=7.915x+4.3940.98560.26570.8857y=0.04882x+0.21700.99090.13750.4583
5.0~40.0y=0.9495x+21.810.9840y=0.03023x+0.680310.9934
), ArticleFig(id=1261343940406534328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纸基比色传感器和传统ELISA测定Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb、Lit v 4-sAb的检出限、定量限、线性相关系数及线性范围(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物线性范围(ng/mL)PADELISA
线性方程R2LOD (ng/mL)LOQ (ng/mL)线性方程R2LOD (ng/mL)LOQ (ng/mL)
Lit v 1-sAb0.2~2.4y=6.401x+6.7470.97340.27990.9330y=0.06160x+0.14160.99070.27960.9320
5.0~40.0y=0.8707x+21.080.9888y=0.02758x+0.36160.9906
Lit v 2-sAb0.2~2.4y=8.011x+5.5460.96950.34061.1353y=0.02721x+0.14980.99110.76562.5520
5.0~40.0y=0.6707x+24.150.9852y=0.01886x+0.17410.9922
Lit v 4-sAb0.2~2.4y=7.915x+4.3940.98560.26570.8857y=0.04882x+0.21700.99090.13750.4583
5.0~40.0y=0.9495x+21.810.9840y=0.03023x+0.680310.9934
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941681602755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Recoveries and RSD values of different concentrations of antibodies measured by paper-based colorimetric sensor (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加物添加浓度(ng/mL)测定浓度(ng/mL)回收率(%)RSD(%)
Lit v 1-sAb2.001.90±0.0695.142.91
20.0020.30±0.29101.491.42
Lit v 2-sAb2.001.91±0.0695.443.10
20.0020.03±1.91100.179.55
Lit v 4-sAb2.002.01±0.07100.253.41
20.0020.65±0.74103.253.61
), ArticleFig(id=1261343943883612363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

纸基比色传感器检测不同浓度抗体的回收率、RSD值(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加物添加浓度(ng/mL)测定浓度(ng/mL)回收率(%)RSD(%)
Lit v 1-sAb2.001.90±0.0695.142.91
20.0020.30±0.29101.491.42
Lit v 2-sAb2.001.91±0.0695.443.10
20.0020.03±1.91100.179.55
Lit v 4-sAb2.002.01±0.07100.253.41
20.0020.65±0.74103.253.61
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944634392788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensitivity and specificity analysis of sIgE by paper-based colorimetric sensor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物灵敏度(%)特异性(%)
Lit v 1-sIgE100.00(15/15)91.67(11/12)
Lit v 2-sIgE83.33(10/12)100.00(12/12)
Lit v 4-sIgE80.00(12/15)100.00(12/12)
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945460670688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343848777769408, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

纸基比色传感器对sIgE敏感性和特异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物灵敏度(%)特异性(%)
Lit v 1-sIgE100.00(15/15)91.67(11/12)
Lit v 2-sIgE83.33(10/12)100.00(12/12)
Lit v 4-sIgE80.00(12/15)100.00(12/12)
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基于纸基比色传感器检测血清中虾致敏原组分sIgE
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刘红 1 , 张惠林 1 , 刘庆梅 1 , 陈巧钦 2 , 刘妍妘 2 , 刘光明 *, 1, 3
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(9): 290-298
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食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026, 47(9): 290-298
基于纸基比色传感器检测血清中虾致敏原组分sIgE
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刘红1 , 张惠林1, 刘庆梅1, 陈巧钦2, 刘妍妘2, 刘光明*, 1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建厦门 361021
  • 2.厦门市波生生物技术有限公司,福建厦门 361021
  • 3.厦门海洋职业技术学院,福建厦门 361102
  • 刘红(1989−),女,硕士,实验师,研究方向:水产品质量检测,E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘光明(1972−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品加工与安全,E-mail:
Paper-based Colorimetric Sensor for Detection of Shrimp Allergenic Component sIgE in Serum
Hong LIU1 , Huilin ZHANG1, Qingmei LIU1, Qiaoqin CHEN2, Yanyun LIU2, Guangming LIU*, 1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2.Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, China
  • 3.Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361102, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040388
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目的:

构建纸基比色传感器用于虾过敏患者致敏原组分特异性IgE(Specific immunoglobulin E,sIgE)定量分析。

方法:

制备凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)重要致敏原组分原肌球蛋白(Lit v 1)、精氨酸激酶(Lit v 2)、肌质钙结合蛋白(Lit v 4)特异性抗体(Specific antibody,sAb)并进行效价评估,以致敏原为识别元件,制作包括覆盖层、工作层和废液流出层的纸基比色传感器,对其进行条件优化和性能评价。

结果:

在二抗稀释倍数为1:2000、目标物孵育时间为15 min等最优条件下检测Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb、Lit v 4-sAb,回收率为95.14%~103.25%,相对标准偏差<10%。在虾过敏患者血清样本sIgE的检测中,检出限为0.22 ng/mL,定量限为0.73 ng/mL,Lit v 1-sIgE、Lit v 2-sIgE、Lit v 4-sIgE 的检测灵敏度为80.00%~100.00%,特异性为91.67%~100.00%,与酶联免疫吸附试验检测结果一致性达到88.10%。

结论:

该传感器具有良好的灵敏度和准确度,该方法简单、快速,能够应用于虾过敏患者致敏原组分sIgE定量分析,为甲壳类水产品致敏原组分诊断提供技术支撑。

凡纳滨对虾  /  致敏原组分检测  /  纸基比色传感器  /  特异性IgE
Objective:

In this study, a paper-based colorimetric sensor was constructed and applied to detect the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) of shrimp allergic patients.

Methods:

The specific antibody (sAb) of the important allergen components in Litopenaeus vannamei, including tropomyosin (Lit v 1), arginine kinase (Lit v 2) and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (Lit v 4), were prepared and their titer were evaluated. The paper-based colorimetric sensor was prepared with allergens as recognition elements, comprising a covering layer, a working layer and a waste liquid outflow layer. The reaction conditions of the paper-based sensor were optimized and its analytical performance was systematically evaluated.

Results:

Under the optimal conditions (secondary antibody dilution of 1:2000, target incubation time of 15 min etc.), Lit v 1-sAb, Lit v 2-sAb, Lit v 4-sAb were detected. Theirs recoveries were from 95.14% to 103.25%, with the relative standard deviations of less than 10%. The sensor was applied to the detection of sIgE in serum samples from shrimp allergic patients with a detection limit of 0.22 ng/mL and a quantitation limit of 0.73 ng/mL. In addition, the sensitivities of the Lit v 1-sIgE, Lit v 2-sIgE, and Lit v 4-sIgE ranged from 80.00% to 100%, and the specificities of the three ranged from 91.67% to 100.00%. The consistency of this method with ELISA results reached 88.10%.

Conclusion:

The sensor has good sensitivity and accuracy. The method is simple, rapid, and suitable for quantitative analysis of allergen component sIgE in shrimp allergic patients. This provides technical support for the component resolved diagnosis of crustacean aquatic products.

Litopenaeus vannamei  /  detection of allergen components  /  paper-based colorimetric sensor  /  sIgE
刘红, 张惠林, 刘庆梅, 陈巧钦, 刘妍妘, 刘光明. 基于纸基比色传感器检测血清中虾致敏原组分sIgE. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 290 -298 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040388
Hong LIU, Huilin ZHANG, Qingmei LIU, Qiaoqin CHEN, Yanyun LIU, Guangming LIU. Paper-based Colorimetric Sensor for Detection of Shrimp Allergenic Component sIgE in Serum[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 290 -298 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040388
食物过敏是全球日益严重的公共卫生问题[1],食物过敏患病率呈上升趋势[24],影响着全世界约8%的儿童和10%的成年人[5]。在我国,食物过敏患病率在十年中由3.5%上升到了7.7%[6]。食物过敏指暴露于特定食物后机体产生具有反复性、速发性不良反应现象[7],大多数食物过敏是由免疫球蛋白E(Immunoglobulin E,IgE)介导,发病机制是机体产生针对食物致敏原的特异性IgE(Specific IgE,sIgE),导致靶器官的肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞脱颗粒释放组胺等生物活性物质引起过敏性炎症[89]。甲壳类水产品被联合国粮农组织认定为八大类过敏食物之一,其富含优质蛋白且营养价值高,是沿海城市餐桌必备食物[10]。流行病学调查发现,全球范围内甲壳类水产品的过敏发病率为0.2%~0.9%[11];在亚洲,对虾蟹等甲壳类食物过敏约有40%的儿童和33%的成人[12];而在中国,自我报告的虾过敏患病率高达28.1%,位居第一[13]。凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)因肉质鲜美、营养丰富,深受消费者喜爱,根据2024中国渔业年鉴数据统计显示,2023年其养殖产量年达142.9万吨,约占全国海虾养殖总产量80.9%[14]。随着其消费量出现的大幅度增长,由其引发的食物过敏问题也不可忽视。因此,发展精确的虾过敏诊断方法对于适当的预防和管理策略至关重要,特别是体外组分诊断,避免了受试者与过敏原之间的接触,成为评估食物过敏反应风险最安全的方法[15]。目前,已在世界卫生组织和国际免疫学会联合会注册的虾类过敏原蛋白有原肌球蛋白(Tropomyosin,TM)、精氨酸激酶(Arginine kinase,AK)、肌质钙结合蛋白(Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein,SCP)、肌球蛋白轻链(Myosin light chain,MLC)等[1617]。致敏原组分诊断(Component-resolved diagnosis,CRD)是针对单一致敏组分sIgE检测的一种新方法,可以避免使用粗提浸液混合物分析带来的检测不确定性和交叉免疫,提高体外诊断的敏感性[18]。以重组技术作为CRD的基础,通过重组表达以获得生产程序标准化、高纯度、低成本的致敏蛋白[19],为免疫治疗和致敏原组分诊断提供更大的潜力。目前sIgE定量的金标准是ImmunoCAP[20],还有酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、化学发光分析、免疫印迹、聚合酶链反应等也已经运用于sIgE检测[21]。尽管这些方法灵敏度高,但需要大量的血液和大型的仪器设备进行分析。纸基分析装置(Paper-based analytical devices,PAD)是将实验室分析转移到便携式纸基芯片上,可以实现分析的小型化和集成化。纸基传感器以滤纸、色谱纸等不同材料为基材,通过丝网印刷、激光切割、3D打印等制备技术,结合电化学、拉曼光谱、色度测定等检测方法,广泛应用于食品、生物医学、环境检测和疾病诊断等各个检测领域[2225]。其中比色分析法因成本低,操作简单,能快速获取结果无需仪器检测,是PAD检测中应用最为广泛的方法。纸张高度多孔的结构允许在免疫测定中简单地固定各种试剂(例如抗体、蛋白质)[23],液体样品可由纸基材料毛细作用自驱动无需外力泵,小巧便携。此外,纸基芯片与智能手机相结合已经成为一种新的纸基传感器研究趋势,不仅操作快速方便,而且检测结果更加科学和准确。
基于上述我国虾过敏患病的高发率,发展精确的、便携的虾致敏原体外组分诊断方法迫在眉睫。本研究以凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,制备致敏原TM(Lit v 1)、AK(Lit v 2)、SCP(Lit v 4)多克隆抗体,建立基于纸基比色传感器检测过敏患者血清sIgE抗体的方法。利用免疫反应的特异性,将致敏原作为识别元件,根据抗原-抗体发生的特异性结合所产生信号值变化来实现过敏患者血清sIgE抗体分析,通过智能手机拍照成像可实现定量检测,并将其与ELISA进行比较,弥补国内虾致敏原组分sIgE检测的缺口,为虾过敏人群提供精准诊断的检测方法。
鲜活凡纳滨对虾 购于厦门朴朴超市;新西兰大白兔 养于厦门大学实验动物中心(翔安校区)用于多克隆抗体制备(实验动物伦理号:XMULAC20231000);凡纳滨对虾过敏患者血清样本 由厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院(伦理委员会批准编号:No.KY-2019-014)提供;辣根过氧化物酶(Horseradish peroxidase,HRP)标记的羊抗人IgE抗体 英国Abcam公司;HRP标记的羊抗兔免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)抗体 美国Pierce公司;人IgE 美国MCE公司;人抗IgE 美国BETHYL公司;牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumin,BSA) 美国Sigma公司;3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine,TMB) 上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司;Whatman 1号滤纸 GE医疗公司。
PT-2100组织捣碎机 瑞士Kinematica公司;EPS 300 琼脂糖凝胶电泳装置 Tanon公司;ST-I半干式转移电泳槽 大连竞迈公司;Infinite® M200 PRO多功能酶标仪 瑞士Tecan公司;LaserPro Spirit II激光切割机 GCC world公司;600化学发光成像系统 美国Azure Biosystems公司;Power-Pac300蛋白质电泳仪 美国Bio-Rad公司。
选择本实验室前阶段重组表达致敏原rLit v 1、rLit v 2和rLit v 4各1 mL(1 mg/mL)分多次免疫新西兰大白兔,制备兔抗Lit v 1、Lit v 2和Lit v 4多克隆抗体(Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb和Lit v 4-sAb),免疫结束后采集兔血于4 ℃放置过夜,离心(30 min,3500×g,4 ℃)以分离血清,并采用Dot blot及ELISA进行抗体效价测定[26],实验过程中以梯度稀释的多克隆抗体(1:1×103~1:5×105)作为一抗,以HRP标记的羊抗兔IgG(稀释度为1:2×104)作为二抗。
用CorelDRAW 2019软件设计绘制4×3阵列四层,一层孔径为6 mm×6 mm用于装载纸基芯片,另一层孔径为1 mm×1 mm用于废液流出,另外两层为覆盖层对纸基芯片起到保护作用,再利用激光切割机对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯板进行雕刻。随后对纸基进行预处理,将5.0 µL的0.5 mg/mL壳聚糖溶液滴加到纸基反应20 min,再添加5.0 µL的2.5%的戊二醛溶液与其在室温反应2 h。然后分别滴加5.0 µL的50 µg/mL致敏原Lit v 1、Lit v 2、Lit v 4于纸基上孵育30 min,再滴加5.0 µL的1%BSA(目的是避免发生非特异性结合,因BSA可占据反应区域上蛋白未能结合的位点)。至此PAD可在4 ℃下封装贮存备用。
利用Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb和Lit v 4-sAb作为PAD中的检测目标,建立不同的PAD对照组,各组分别为(i)致敏原+sAb+HRP+TMB,(ii)戊二醛+TMB,(iii)戊二醛+致敏原+TMB,(iv)戊二醛+致敏原+sAb+TMB,(v)戊二醛+致敏原+sAb+HRP+TMB,(vi)戊二醛+致敏原+HRP+TMB(空白对照组)。
将5.0 µL特异性抗体Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb和Lit v 4-sAb分别添加到纸基检测区域反应15 min,随后用50 µL TBST冲洗。再将5.0 µL的二抗HRP-IgG添加到纸基检测区域中孵育10 min,再使用100 µL TBST冲洗。最后将5.0 µL的TMB显色液滴加到每个检测区域,并使其反应5 min,反应完成之后对显色结果进行拍照记录,利用智能手机识色应用程序分析色度R值,用ΔR值(空白对照组在PAD上的R值减去样本在PAD的R值)表征实验结果。
将Lit v 4-sAb添加到纸基检测区域,选取不同的二抗稀释倍数(HRP标记抗体的稀释度为1:500、1:1000、1:2000、1:5000、1:8000、1:10000、1:20000、1:50000),设置不同的TMB显色时间(0、1、2、5、8、10、15、20 min)、目标物孵育时间(0、2、5、10、15、30、90、150 min)、二抗孵育时间(0、2、5、10、20、30、60、90 min),分别固定二抗稀释倍数为1:2000、TMB显色时间为5 min,目标物孵育时间为15 min,二抗孵育时间为10 min,其他所有条件保持一致进行PAD的检测。
将不同浓度的Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb 和 Lit v 4-sAb(0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0、2.4、5.0、10.0、15.0、20.0、25.0、30.0、35.0、40.0 ng/mL)分别添加到纸基检测区域,在最优实验条件下进行PAD的测定。PAD方法以每种sAb添加量(ng/mL)为横坐标,对应的ΔR值为纵坐标进行线性计算;ELISA方法以每种sAb添加量(ng/mL)为横坐标,对应的OD450nm为纵坐标进行线性计算。
将2.00 ng/mL和20.00 ng/mL的Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb 和 Lit v 4-sAb分别添加到纸基检测区域,在最优实验条件下进行PAD的测定。以样品的添加浓度与校准关系得出的测定浓度来评估PAD检测的稳定性。
将Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb、Lit v 4-sAb(40 ng/mL)及血清样品中可能的干扰物质人IgG、钠、钾、甘氨酸、葡萄糖和尿素(100 µg/mL)分别添加到纸基检测区域,在最优实验条件下进行PAD检测。
制作PAD过程中将致敏原换作人IgE,滴加到纸基上孵育30 min,之后滴加5.0 µL的1%BSA,在4 ℃下封装贮存备用。配制人抗IgE标准溶液(1、5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80 ng/mL)分别添加到纸基检测区域,将特异性抗体换作人抗IgE,二抗换作羊抗人HRP-IgE,在最优实验条件下进行PAD检测,绘制标准曲线。
将血清样本按1:1、1:2、1:5、1:10、1:20进行稀释,添加5.0 µL血清样本到每个检测区域,将特异性抗体换作血清样本,二抗换作羊抗人HRP-IgE,在最优实验条件下进行PAD的检测。
每组实验均做3次平行,实验数据以平均值±标准差(x±s)表示,运用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件对数据进行显著性分析,P<0.05有统计学意义。
Chen等[27]发现口虾蛄天然AK与重组AK的免疫结合活性无明显差异,二者还具有相似的IgG结合活性;Hu等[28]研究表明拟穴青蟹重组SCP与天然SCP的理化特性及免疫学特性相似,二者均无显著差异。Johnston等[29]证实,虾重组蛋白TM为致敏原的精确诊断提供了有效手段,对其他各种致敏原的研究也在进行中。同样,本实验室前期研究发现凡纳滨对虾重组表达致敏原rLit v 1、rLit v 2和rLit v 4与天然蛋白nLit v 1、nLit v 2和nLit v 4的IgE结合能力没有显著性差异,故本研究选择rLit v 1、rLit v 2和rLit v 4免疫新西兰大白兔获得相应特异性抗体(Specific antibody,sAb)。利用Dot-blot分析兔血清Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb、Lit v 4-sAb的效价,随着兔抗血清稀释倍数的增加,点印记的显色强度逐渐减弱(图1A),后利用ELISA分析三者sAb的效价与Dot-blot呈相似趋势(图1B),Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb、Lit v 4-sAb在1:5×105均具有良好的效价,满足检测要求。因此,后续可利用重组sAb构建检测体系,用于致敏原sIgE的组分诊断。
本方法PAD构造如图2A所示,Ⅰ、Ⅳ为覆盖层起保护作用,Ⅱ为工作层即纸基检测区域,Ⅲ为废液流出层方便洗涤时废液流出。为了在纸基传感器上实现血清样品中sIgE的检测,其检测流程如图2B所示,需要预先将致敏原Lit v 1、Lit v 2和Lit v 4固定在纸基检测区域,利用壳聚糖与戊二醛对纸基芯片进行预处理,从而纸基上裸露出醛基,致敏原上的氨基会与纸基上的醛基进行共价交联,使致敏原能够有效地固化在纸基芯片上为sIgE的检测提供条件。检测时利用免疫反应的特异性,将致敏原作为识别元件,利用抗原-抗体发生的特异性结合,通过HRP介导的TMB氧化获得颜色变化,肉眼可视化实现半定量分析,结合智能手机分析颜色信号RGB值构建数学模型可实现定量分析。由于IgG抗体作为阻断抗体[30],血清IgE具有与兔IgG类似的结合作用[3132]。因此,本研究前期使用sIgG即sAb代替sIgE作为靶点来评估PAD的性能。为了验证纸基比色传感器的可行性,利用Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb和Lit v 4-sAb作PAD中的检测目标,建立了不同的对照组,如图2C所示,与空白对照组相比,当添加含有sAb的样品时,实验组v列的ΔR值显示出较强的信号,显色效果显著增强。所有组的纸基照片如图2D所示,这些结果验证了PAD的适用性。
为了获得最佳的分析性能,对所有重要的实验参数进行了优化,条件优化均利用Lit v 4-sAb进行实验。HRP标记抗体(二抗)会与靶标物结合进而影响显色效果,因此,优化了二抗的稀释度,如图3A所示,ΔR值随着二抗稀释倍数增加而减小,显色效果逐渐减弱,当二抗稀释倍数增加到1:2000之后显色效果显著减弱,考虑试剂成本,选择1:2000作为HRP标记抗体的最佳稀释度。此外,孵育时间对颜色变化的感知效率和稳定性起着重要作用,因此,对TMB显色时间、目标物孵育时间、二抗孵育时间进行优化,如图3B~图3D所示,ΔR值随着各时间的增加而增大,显色效果均逐渐增强,当TMB显色时间5 min后,目标物孵育时间15 min后,二抗孵育时间10 min后,各显色效果显著增强,考虑时间成本,选择5 min作为TMB显色时间,15 min作为目标物孵育时间,10 min作为二抗孵育时间。
为了评估纸基比色传感器对不同浓度的sAb的分析性能,在最佳实验条件下,对不同浓度的Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb和Lit v 4-sAb进行测定,如图4所示,用肉眼可以很容易地辨别蓝色逐渐加深(图4),线性结果见表1,每种sAb在各自的范围内线性关系良好,决定系数R2均大于0.9695。由于ELISA是一种传统可靠用于多种免疫分析方法[26],因此,本研究用ELISA测定了sAb校准曲线,显示Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb 和 Lit v 4-sAb在各自的范围内具有良好的相关性(表1)。根据空白样品响应的三倍标准偏差与标准曲线斜率的比值确定方法的检出限(Limit of detection,LOD),空白样品响应的十倍标准偏差与标准曲线斜率的比值确定方法的定量限(Limit of quantitation,LOQ),PAD测定Lit v 1-sAb的LOD和LOQ与ELISA相当,测定Lit v 2-sAb有更低的LOD和LOQ。综上,利用PAD检测sAb有较好的分析性能。
基于PAD检测,对每种sAb添加2.00 ng/mL和20.00 ng/mL 2个含量水平进行回收实验,回收率和相对标准偏差(Relative standard deviation,RSD)结果分析见表2,2个添加水平回收率均在95.14%~103.25%之间,RSD均小于10%,表明PAD测定Lit v 1-sAb、Lit v 2-sAb和Lit v 4-sAb具有优异的准确度和精密度。
为了评估纸基比色传感器对实际血清样品的分析性能,进一步选择了血清样品中可能的干扰物包括人IgG、钠、钾、甘氨酸、葡萄糖和尿素进行测定。干扰物质在检测区域添加浓度是待测抗体浓度上千倍,如图5A所示,可看到待测抗体组有明显的蓝色信号,干扰物质组与空白组颜色相当近乎无色,且待测抗体组与其他干扰组的显色数字信号值(ΔR值)也有显著性差异,表明该PAD有良好的抗干扰性。由于前期实验是利用sAb即sIgG进行探索,PAD对于人血清sIgE的线性关系尚不清楚,故需要利用人抗IgE作为标品对纸基比色传感器建立标准曲线,以用于后续实际血清样本sIgE的检测。如图5B所示,对于人抗IgE的检测,显色(蓝色)强度随着浓度的增大逐渐变深,在1~80 ng/mL范围内ΔR值与人抗IgE浓度的线性方程为y=0.6896x+13.78,R2=0.9808,LOD为0.22 ng/mL,LOQ为0.73 ng/mL。利用ELISA对IgE标准曲线进行测定,线性方程为y=0.01166x+0.06586,R2=0.9900,LOD为0.45 ng/mL,LOQ为1.50 ng/mL。对于人抗IgE的测定PAD的LOD低于ELISA,ImmunoCAP的临床临界值为0.84 ng/mL(0.35 kUA/L)[33],因此,PAD满足临床测试的要求。
为了验证纸基比色传感器对凡纳滨对虾过敏患者sIgE的分析性能,本研究对54例人体血清样本(包括42例过敏患者血清样本和12例健康志愿者血清样本)进行分析,如图6A所示,其中15例Lit v 1过敏患者、12例Lit v 2过敏患者、15例Lit v 4过敏患者,与12例健康志愿者相比,在凡纳滨对虾过敏个体的血清中观察到sIgE水平极显著增加(P<0.001),并分析三者检测灵敏度(阳性样本测得阳性样本数/阳性样本总数)和特异性(阴性样本测得阴性样本数/阴性样本总数)见表3,经计算,Lit v 1-sIgE、Lit v 2-sIgE、Lit v 4-sIgE的检测灵敏度为80.00%~100.00%,特异性为91.67%~100.00%。为了验证该方法的可靠性,将纸基比色传感器对sIgE检测结果与传统ELISA检测结果进行比较,如图6B所示,42例过敏患者PAD检测结果中,PAD上有37例与ELISA结果一致,一致性达到88.10%,证明该方法是可靠的。PAD上有2个样本(Lit v 2)和3个样本(Lit v 4)的sIgE反应性显著低于ELISA,出现偏差的原因有:一方面,可能是由于血清因素导致假阴性结果,包括口服外源性生物素补充剂[3435]。另一方面,本研究的血清样本数量可能不足,后续研究需要采集更多的血清样本进行分析,进一步验证该方法的准确性。
本研究建立了基于纸基比色传感器检测过敏患者血清sIgE抗体的方法,制作了PAD集成洗涤检测分析于一体,实现了同时检测多个致敏原组分。以致敏原作为识别元件,通过纸基芯片快速读取抗原-抗体发生的特异性结合产生的信号值,依靠智能手机应用程序分析色度值进行定量分析,该方法实现了虾过敏患者血清sIgE抗体即时快速检测分析。与传统ELISA相比,该方法具有以下优点:a.PAD方法更具成本效益,其需要更少的试剂和时间来完成测定,进行多重检测sIgE仅需5 µL血清、检测时间30 min;b.PAD方法更敏感,其可以在较低浓度下检测血清中的sIgE,LOD为0.22 ng/mL,LOQ为0.73 ng/mL,并具有较高的灵敏度和准确性;c.PAD方法更便携,其不需要使用专门的设备。本方法针对凡纳滨对虾致敏患者sIgE的检测具备良好的应用价值,为甲壳类水产品致敏原组分诊断提供技术支撑。后期仍有一些工作有待深入,可以利用纳米材料实现信号放大,提高方法的稳定性;也可以结合磁性纳米颗粒直接分离sIgE,省去洗涤步骤进一步提高本方法的检测效率;还可以利用量子点偶联抗体进一步提高检测的灵敏度和特异性;同时可以提取其他水产品致敏原组分,以期实现更全面的水产品致敏组分诊断。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040388
  • 接收时间:2025-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
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    1.集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,福建厦门 361021
    2.厦门市波生生物技术有限公司,福建厦门 361021
    3.厦门海洋职业技术学院,福建厦门 361102

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刘光明(1972−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品加工与安全,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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