Article(id=1261343846156349777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090075, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757260800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657407559, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657407559, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657407559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657407559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=439, endPage=447, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343847825682778, articleId=1261343846156349777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Ethanol Extract from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 'Boju' on Atherosclerosis via LXRα/ABCA1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum morifolium. 'Boju' (CME) on atherosclerosis (AS). An AS model was established using ApoE/ mice, which were randomly divided into a model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose CME groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), a positive control group (simvastatin 3 mg/kg), and a normal control group, with an intervention period of 12 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in serum were measured. Pathological changes were observed via Oil Red O staining of the aorta and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of the liver. The expressions of LXRα and ABCA1 in liver tissue and NF-κB p65 in the aorta were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. In in vitro experiments, a foam cell model was established by inducing RAW264.7 macrophages with ox-LDL, and the cells were divided into a control group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose CME groups (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL). Cell viability, foam cell rate, intracellular contents of TC, cholesteryl ester (CE), and free cholesterol (FC), as well as the expressions of genes and proteins related to relevant signaling pathways were detected. Additionally, the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 was used to verify the mechanism. The results showed that compared with the model group, CME significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, and increased the serum level of HDL-C (P<0.01). Pathological staining demonstrated that the low-, medium-, and high-dose CME groups could reduce aortic lipid deposition and hepatic steatosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CME significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of LXRα and ABCA1 in liver tissue (P<0.01), with the protein level of LXRα upregulated from 0.31±0.04 in the model group to 0.91±0.06 in the high-dose CME group. In addition, CME reduced the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65 in the aorta and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (P<0.01), and the protein level of p-NF-κB p65 decreased from 1.85±0.18 in the model group to 0.92±0.11 in the high-dose CME group. Meanwhile, CME decreased the intracellular contents of TC and CE and the CE/TC ratio in RAW264.7 macrophages, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation. Moreover, it upregulated the expressions of PPARγ, LXRα, and ABCA1 and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway, and no significant differences were observed in key indicators such as p-NF-κB p65, ABCA1, TC, CE, and CE/TC ratio between the high-dose CME group and the BAY11-7082 inhibitor group. These results indicated that AS could be significantly inhibited by CME through activating the LXRα/ABCA1 pathway to regulate cholesterol metabolism and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway to alleviate inflammatory responses.

, correspAuthors=Xianjia LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tianle XUE, Xianjia LI, Qing WANG, Guoyang SONG, Shouguo SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343868402938339, articleId=1261343846156349777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=亳菊乙醇提取物通过LXRα/ABCA1和NF-κB信号通路抑制动脉粥样硬化, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究亳菊乙醇提取物(Chrysanthemum morifolium. 'Boju' ethanol extract,CME)对动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)的抑制作用及其机制。采用ApoE/小鼠构建AS模型,随机分为模型组、CME低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 mg/kg)、阳性对照组(辛伐他汀3 mg/kg)及正常对照组,干预12周。测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,以及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β水平;主动脉油红O染色及肝脏H&E染色观察病理变化;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测肝组织LXRα、ABCA1及主动脉NF-κB p65的表达。体外实验以ox-LDL诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立泡沫细胞模型,设置对照组、模型组及CME低、中、高剂量组(25、50、100 μg/mL),检测细胞活力、泡沫细胞率、细胞内TC、CE、FC含量及相关通路基因和蛋白表达,并采用NF-κB抑制剂BAY11-7082验证机制。结果显示,与模型组相比,CME可显著降低血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平,升高HDL-C水平(P<0.01)。病理染色显示,CME低、中、高剂量组均可剂量依赖性减轻主动脉脂质沉积和肝脏脂肪变性。而且,CME显著上调肝组织LXRαABCA1的mRNA与蛋白表达(P<0.01),其中LXRα蛋白水平从模型组0.31±0.04上调至CME高剂量组0.91±0.06;此外,CME可减少主动脉p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达及血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平(P<0.01),p-NF-κB p65蛋白水平从模型组1.85±0.18降至CME高剂量组0.92±0.11。同时降低RAW264.7巨噬细胞内TC、CE含量及CE/TC比值,抑制泡沫细胞形成;此外,上调PPARγ、LXRα、ABCA1表达,抑制NF-κB通路活化,且CME高剂量组与BAY11-7082抑制剂组在p-NF-κB p65、ABCA1、TC、CE及CE/TC等关键指标上无显著差异。上述结果表明,CME可通过激活LXRα/ABCA1通路调节胆固醇代谢、抑制NF-κB通路减轻炎症反应,从而显著抑制动脉粥样硬化。

, correspAuthors=李先佳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李先佳(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:有机小分子设计、合成及活性研究,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HN3IRoGbxvGapVelXLc0HA==, magXml=CuZS9E5c3uJdLUos+pLipA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=MQJ+R56VKz9GAFsoh/GW+g==, pdfFileSize=7170913, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=CkYLkzxbFIMLFfoM0deR3A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/OngKcuSOs3U89rYT5SDpg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

薛天乐(1981−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:药食同源中药的评价与开发,E-mail:

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薛天乐(1981−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:药食同源中药的评价与开发,E-mail:

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薛天乐(1981−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:药食同源中药的评价与开发,E-mail:

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Aging Cell, 2025, 24(8): e70093., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343966184747432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOUCHAREYCHAS L, DUONG P, COVARRUBIAS S, et al. Macrophage exosomes resolve atherosclerosis by regulating hematopoiesis and inflammation via microRNA cargo[J]. Cell Reports, 2020, 32(2): 107881., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343966893584817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEYEDIAN S S, NOKHOSTIN F, MALAMIR M D. A review of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods of inflammatory bowel disease[J]. 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注:A.对照品溶液;B.供试品溶液;1.绿原酸;2.木犀草苷;3. 3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸;4.木犀草素。

, figureFileSmall=jCZLo8bLPTg+ueCvqQFzIw==, figureFileBig=CkYLkzxbFIMLFfoM0deR3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343919976100787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Observation of histopathological changes in aortic vessels and liver tissues by Oil Red O staining and H&E staining, figureFileSmall=ij5tdsH0ler3ZLH03RtfVg==, figureFileBig=23eYzbFf2lE+PFlgLXmzHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343921687376824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=图2, caption=油红O染色、H&E染色观察主动脉血管、肝组织病理学变化, figureFileSmall=ij5tdsH0ler3ZLH03RtfVg==, figureFileBig=23eYzbFf2lE+PFlgLXmzHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343922148750272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Western blot detection of LXRα and ABCA1 protein expression, figureFileSmall=oRHxPgsP+4PoYOwt3OrAGg==, figureFileBig=8PiHb/HQfo7CGQGUDRlTgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343923352515528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Western blot检测LXRα、ABCA1蛋白表达, figureFileSmall=oRHxPgsP+4PoYOwt3OrAGg==, figureFileBig=8PiHb/HQfo7CGQGUDRlTgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343926171087830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Western blot detection of NF-κB p65 protein expression, figureFileSmall=SlZruJ5XvXa96q2gdW9/VQ==, figureFileBig=GyGRBLoO7GfE1Q8jBWojBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343926410163165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Western blot检测NF-κB p65蛋白表达, figureFileSmall=SlZruJ5XvXa96q2gdW9/VQ==, figureFileBig=GyGRBLoO7GfE1Q8jBWojBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343927446156261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of ox-LDL on RAW264.7 cells, figureFileSmall=yJasQzUtZyD+zMyFvjwNsQ==, figureFileBig=2G6gZUVm63/UWxULL/L1iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343928305988589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=图5, caption=ox-LDL对RAW264.7细胞的影响, figureFileSmall=yJasQzUtZyD+zMyFvjwNsQ==, figureFileBig=2G6gZUVm63/UWxULL/L1iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343929971127286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of CME on the expression of PPARγ, LXRα and ABCA1 in RAW264.7 macrophages, figureFileSmall=xv7O0VPyVLEmmlU0y5Al3g==, figureFileBig=R5oC1zFqnC2PdRyWS1UDVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343930407334904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CME对RAW264.7巨噬细胞PPARγ、LXRα、ABCA1表达的影响, figureFileSmall=xv7O0VPyVLEmmlU0y5Al3g==, figureFileBig=R5oC1zFqnC2PdRyWS1UDVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343932101832706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=CME inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages, figureFileSmall=44PYIsQ+z45m9DcxN0GAyw==, figureFileBig=y6fuE/jmNO3dxq2vmQZ8TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343932986830860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CME抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞NF-κB信号通路, figureFileSmall=44PYIsQ+z45m9DcxN0GAyw==, figureFileBig=y6fuE/jmNO3dxq2vmQZ8TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343935423721492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=CME regulated the LXRα/ABCA1 signaling pathway through NF-κB, figureFileSmall=q1onsHz/sbNb0dFGc4WfmA==, figureFileBig=ggUJiq/RgH4psleYIryMwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343935927037981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=图8, caption=CME通过NF-κB调控LXRa/ABCA1信号通路, figureFileSmall=q1onsHz/sbNb0dFGc4WfmA==, figureFileBig=ggUJiq/RgH4psleYIryMwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343936677818398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of CME on serum lipid levels in AS mice (n=12,mmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TCTGLDL-CHDL-C
注:与正常对照组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;表2表3表5~表8同。
NC2.31±0.280.85±0.120.72±0.091.52±0.15
M8.62±0.75**2.56±0.28**4.56±0.52**0.85±0.11**
CME-L6.89±0.65#2.01±0.21#3.42±0.38#1.02±0.12#
CME-M5.23±0.48##1.56±0.18##2.58±0.29##1.15±0.13##
CME-H4.15±0.42##1.23±0.15##1.82±0.21##1.28±0.13##
P3.89±0.38##1.18±0.14##1.65±0.18##1.32±0.15##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343937512484901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CME对AS小鼠血清脂质水平的影响(n=12,mmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TCTGLDL-CHDL-C
注:与正常对照组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01;表2表3表5~表8同。
NC2.31±0.280.85±0.120.72±0.091.52±0.15
M8.62±0.75**2.56±0.28**4.56±0.52**0.85±0.11**
CME-L6.89±0.65#2.01±0.21#3.42±0.38#1.02±0.12#
CME-M5.23±0.48##1.56±0.18##2.58±0.29##1.15±0.13##
CME-H4.15±0.42##1.23±0.15##1.82±0.21##1.28±0.13##
P3.89±0.38##1.18±0.14##1.65±0.18##1.32±0.15##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343939357978671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of CME on the mRNA and protein expressions of LXRα and ABCA1 in liver tissues of AS mice (n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LXRα mRNAABCA1 mRNALXRαABCA1
NC1.00±0.081.00±0.071.00±0.061.00±0.06
M0.42±0.05**0.36±0.04**0.31±0.04**0.21±0.04**
CME-L0.58±0.06#0.52±0.05#0.45±0.05#0.53±0.05#
CME-M0.72±0.07##0.65±0.06##0.68±0.06##0.76±0.06##
CME-H0.85±0.07##0.78±0.07##0.91±0.06##0.89±0.06##
P0.88±0.08##0.82±0.07##0.87±0.07##0.92±0.07##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343939974541366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CME对AS小鼠肝组织LXRαABCA1 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响(n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别LXRα mRNAABCA1 mRNALXRαABCA1
NC1.00±0.081.00±0.071.00±0.061.00±0.06
M0.42±0.05**0.36±0.04**0.31±0.04**0.21±0.04**
CME-L0.58±0.06#0.52±0.05#0.45±0.05#0.53±0.05#
CME-M0.72±0.07##0.65±0.06##0.68±0.06##0.76±0.06##
CME-H0.85±0.07##0.78±0.07##0.91±0.06##0.89±0.06##
P0.88±0.08##0.82±0.07##0.87±0.07##0.92±0.07##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343940251365436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of CME on the expression of aortic NF-κB p65 protein and serum inflammatory factors in AS mice (n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-NF-κB p65TNF-α (pg/mL)IL-6(pg/mL)IL-1β(pg/mL)
NC1.00±0.0812.53±1.828.22±1.236.53±1.02
M1.85±0.18**85.32±7.63**62.55±6.85**45.25±4.84**
CME-L1.21±0.13#62.55±6.54#45.84±5.24#32.53±3.56#
CME-M1.08±016##45.22±4.82##32.66±3.81##24.86±2.87##
CME-H0.92±0.11##32.16±3.56##22.37±2.56##15.62±1.82##
P1.08±0.10##29.83±3.23##20.52±2.33##14.24±1.65##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343940620464194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CME对AS小鼠主动脉NF-κB p65蛋白表达及血清炎症因子的影响(n=12)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-NF-κB p65TNF-α (pg/mL)IL-6(pg/mL)IL-1β(pg/mL)
NC1.00±0.0812.53±1.828.22±1.236.53±1.02
M1.85±0.18**85.32±7.63**62.55±6.85**45.25±4.84**
CME-L1.21±0.13#62.55±6.54#45.84±5.24#32.53±3.56#
CME-M1.08±016##45.22±4.82##32.66±3.81##24.86±2.87##
CME-H0.92±0.11##32.16±3.56##22.37±2.56##15.62±1.82##
P1.08±0.10##29.83±3.23##20.52±2.33##14.24±1.65##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941291552842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of CME and ox-LDL on RAW264.7 cells

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CME(μg/mL)细胞活力(%)ox-LDL(μg/mL)细胞活力(%)泡沫细胞率(%)
注:与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
0100.00±4.240100.00±5.023.25±1.12
10096.61±3.392596.04±3.8445.64±6.24*
20092.04±3.875092.36±4.5672.47±5.81**
30086.20±3.03*7585.17±5.23*78.92±4.35**
40071.31±3.63**10073.58±6.81**81.54±3.76**
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941627097171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

CME、ox-LDL对RAW264.7细胞的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CME(μg/mL)细胞活力(%)ox-LDL(μg/mL)细胞活力(%)泡沫细胞率(%)
注:与对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
0100.00±4.240100.00±5.023.25±1.12
10096.61±3.392596.04±3.8445.64±6.24*
20092.04±3.875092.36±4.5672.47±5.81**
30086.20±3.03*7585.17±5.23*78.92±4.35**
40071.31±3.63**10073.58±6.81**81.54±3.76**
), ArticleFig(id=1261343941782286425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of CME on cholesterol homeostasis in RAW264.7 macrophages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TC(μg/mg pro)FC(μg/mg pro)CE(μg/mg pro)CE/TC(%)
C34.21±2.4822.49±1.3511.72±1.2134.26±1.85
M76.62±4.54**31.27±1.56**45.35±1.12**59.19±2.96**
CMEL57.53±4.28##29.25±1.52#28.26±2.85##49.12±1.52##
CMEM51.87±3.96##27.33±1.47##24.54±1.61##47.31±1.28##
CMEH46.23±3.68##26.11±1.39##20.12±1.32##43.22±1.14##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343942163968097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

CME对RAW264.7巨噬细胞胆固醇稳定状态影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TC(μg/mg pro)FC(μg/mg pro)CE(μg/mg pro)CE/TC(%)
C34.21±2.4822.49±1.3511.72±1.2134.26±1.85
M76.62±4.54**31.27±1.56**45.35±1.12**59.19±2.96**
CMEL57.53±4.28##29.25±1.52#28.26±2.85##49.12±1.52##
CMEM51.87±3.96##27.33±1.47##24.54±1.61##47.31±1.28##
CMEH46.23±3.68##26.11±1.39##20.12±1.32##43.22±1.14##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343943720054892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Regulatory effect of CME on the cholesterol stability state of RAW264.7 macrophages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别PPARγ mRNALXRα mRNAABCA1 mRNAPPARγLXRαABCA1
C1.00±0.081.00±0.081.00±0.071.00±0.061.00±0.061.00±0.06
M0.35±0.04**0.42±0.05**0.36±0.04**0.23±0.04**0.12±0.04**0.15±0.04**
CMEL0.52±0.05#0.58±0.06#0.52±0.05#0.48±0.05#0.38±0.05#0.35±0.05#
CMEM0.75±0.06#0.72±0.07##0.65±0.06##0.72±0.06##0.52±0.06##0.72±0.06##
CMEH0.92±0.07##0.88±0.08##0.78±0.07##0.95±0.07##0.81±0.06##0.89±0.06##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944068182131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

CME对RAW264.7巨噬细胞胆固醇稳定状态的调节作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别PPARγ mRNALXRα mRNAABCA1 mRNAPPARγLXRαABCA1
C1.00±0.081.00±0.081.00±0.071.00±0.061.00±0.061.00±0.06
M0.35±0.04**0.42±0.05**0.36±0.04**0.23±0.04**0.12±0.04**0.15±0.04**
CMEL0.52±0.05#0.58±0.06#0.52±0.05#0.48±0.05#0.38±0.05#0.35±0.05#
CMEM0.75±0.06#0.72±0.07##0.65±0.06##0.72±0.06##0.52±0.06##0.72±0.06##
CMEH0.92±0.07##0.88±0.08##0.78±0.07##0.95±0.07##0.81±0.06##0.89±0.06##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944336617596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

CME inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-NF-κB p65TNF-α mRNAIL-6 mRNAIL-1β mRNATNF-αIL-6IL-1β
C1.00±0.051.00±0.101.00±0.081.00±0.061.00±0.101.00±0.081.00±0.06
M+ox-LDL3.25±0.21**5.82±0.34**4.67±0.29**4.13±0.25**3.12±0.20**3.45±0.18**2.86±0.16**
CMEH1.12±0.071.08±0.121.11±0.091.05±0.071.05±0.061.02±0.051.03±0.04
CMEH+ox-LDL1.58±0.15##1.46±0.22##1.64±0.17##1.55±0.14##1.48±0.12##1.55±0.10##1.42±0.09##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944714104962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

CME抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞NF-κB信号通路

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-NF-κB p65TNF-α mRNAIL-6 mRNAIL-1β mRNATNF-αIL-6IL-1β
C1.00±0.051.00±0.101.00±0.081.00±0.061.00±0.101.00±0.081.00±0.06
M+ox-LDL3.25±0.21**5.82±0.34**4.67±0.29**4.13±0.25**3.12±0.20**3.45±0.18**2.86±0.16**
CMEH1.12±0.071.08±0.121.11±0.091.05±0.071.05±0.061.02±0.051.03±0.04
CMEH+ox-LDL1.58±0.15##1.46±0.22##1.64±0.17##1.55±0.14##1.48±0.12##1.55±0.10##1.42±0.09##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343944957374601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

CME regulated the LXRα/ABCA1 signaling pathway through NF-κB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-NF-κB p65ABCA1TC(μg/mg pro)CE(μg/mg pro)CE/TC (%)
C1.00±0.081.00±0.0635.24±1.3412.52±1.0835.51±1.03
M3.63±0.15**0.12±0.05**75.75±2.15**42.95±1.94**56.67±2.04**
CMEH1.47±0.11##0.82±0.07##43.52±1.73##19.33±1.22##44.37±1.03##
BAY11-70821.43±0.09##0.85±0.06##45.81±1.54##18.64±1.13##40.61±1.02##
CMEH+BAY11-70821.42±0.10##0.83±0.08##41.26±1.62##17.16±1.05##41.51±1.03##
), ArticleFig(id=1261343945292918932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343846156349777, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

CME通过NF-κB调控LXRα/ABCA1信号通路

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别p-NF-κB p65ABCA1TC(μg/mg pro)CE(μg/mg pro)CE/TC (%)
C1.00±0.081.00±0.0635.24±1.3412.52±1.0835.51±1.03
M3.63±0.15**0.12±0.05**75.75±2.15**42.95±1.94**56.67±2.04**
CMEH1.47±0.11##0.82±0.07##43.52±1.73##19.33±1.22##44.37±1.03##
BAY11-70821.43±0.09##0.85±0.06##45.81±1.54##18.64±1.13##40.61±1.02##
CMEH+BAY11-70821.42±0.10##0.83±0.08##41.26±1.62##17.16±1.05##41.51±1.03##
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亳菊乙醇提取物通过LXRα/ABCA1和NF-κB信号通路抑制动脉粥样硬化
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薛天乐 1 , 李先佳 *, 2 , 王庆 1 , 宋国阳 1 , 孙守国 3
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(9): 439-447
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食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026, 47(9): 439-447
亳菊乙醇提取物通过LXRα/ABCA1和NF-κB信号通路抑制动脉粥样硬化
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薛天乐1 , 李先佳*, 2 , 王庆1, 宋国阳1, 孙守国3
作者信息
  • 1.亳州职业技术学院,安徽中药材种植联合研究中心,安徽亳州 236800
  • 2.河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡 453007
  • 3.安徽九洲方圆制药有限公司,安徽亳州 236800
  • 薛天乐(1981−),男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:药食同源中药的评价与开发,E-mail:

通讯作者:

李先佳(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:有机小分子设计、合成及活性研究,E-mail:
Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Ethanol Extract from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 'Boju' on Atherosclerosis via LXRα/ABCA1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Tianle XUE1 , Xianjia LI*, 2 , Qing WANG1, Guoyang SONG1, Shouguo SUN3
Affiliations
  • 1.Joint Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui of IHM, Bozhou Vocational and Technical College, Bozhou 236800, China
  • 2.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
  • 3.Anhui Jiuzhou Fangyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bozhou 236800, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090075
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本研究旨在探究亳菊乙醇提取物(Chrysanthemum morifolium. 'Boju' ethanol extract,CME)对动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)的抑制作用及其机制。采用ApoE/小鼠构建AS模型,随机分为模型组、CME低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 mg/kg)、阳性对照组(辛伐他汀3 mg/kg)及正常对照组,干预12周。测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,以及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-1β水平;主动脉油红O染色及肝脏H&E染色观察病理变化;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测肝组织LXRα、ABCA1及主动脉NF-κB p65的表达。体外实验以ox-LDL诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立泡沫细胞模型,设置对照组、模型组及CME低、中、高剂量组(25、50、100 μg/mL),检测细胞活力、泡沫细胞率、细胞内TC、CE、FC含量及相关通路基因和蛋白表达,并采用NF-κB抑制剂BAY11-7082验证机制。结果显示,与模型组相比,CME可显著降低血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平,升高HDL-C水平(P<0.01)。病理染色显示,CME低、中、高剂量组均可剂量依赖性减轻主动脉脂质沉积和肝脏脂肪变性。而且,CME显著上调肝组织LXRαABCA1的mRNA与蛋白表达(P<0.01),其中LXRα蛋白水平从模型组0.31±0.04上调至CME高剂量组0.91±0.06;此外,CME可减少主动脉p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达及血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平(P<0.01),p-NF-κB p65蛋白水平从模型组1.85±0.18降至CME高剂量组0.92±0.11。同时降低RAW264.7巨噬细胞内TC、CE含量及CE/TC比值,抑制泡沫细胞形成;此外,上调PPARγ、LXRα、ABCA1表达,抑制NF-κB通路活化,且CME高剂量组与BAY11-7082抑制剂组在p-NF-κB p65、ABCA1、TC、CE及CE/TC等关键指标上无显著差异。上述结果表明,CME可通过激活LXRα/ABCA1通路调节胆固醇代谢、抑制NF-κB通路减轻炎症反应,从而显著抑制动脉粥样硬化。

亳菊乙醇提取物  /  动脉粥样硬化  /  胆固醇代谢  /  炎症反应  /  LXRα/ABCA1信号通路  /  NF-κB信号通路

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum morifolium. 'Boju' (CME) on atherosclerosis (AS). An AS model was established using ApoE/ mice, which were randomly divided into a model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose CME groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), a positive control group (simvastatin 3 mg/kg), and a normal control group, with an intervention period of 12 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in serum were measured. Pathological changes were observed via Oil Red O staining of the aorta and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of the liver. The expressions of LXRα and ABCA1 in liver tissue and NF-κB p65 in the aorta were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. In in vitro experiments, a foam cell model was established by inducing RAW264.7 macrophages with ox-LDL, and the cells were divided into a control group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose CME groups (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL). Cell viability, foam cell rate, intracellular contents of TC, cholesteryl ester (CE), and free cholesterol (FC), as well as the expressions of genes and proteins related to relevant signaling pathways were detected. Additionally, the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 was used to verify the mechanism. The results showed that compared with the model group, CME significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C, and increased the serum level of HDL-C (P<0.01). Pathological staining demonstrated that the low-, medium-, and high-dose CME groups could reduce aortic lipid deposition and hepatic steatosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CME significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of LXRα and ABCA1 in liver tissue (P<0.01), with the protein level of LXRα upregulated from 0.31±0.04 in the model group to 0.91±0.06 in the high-dose CME group. In addition, CME reduced the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65 in the aorta and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (P<0.01), and the protein level of p-NF-κB p65 decreased from 1.85±0.18 in the model group to 0.92±0.11 in the high-dose CME group. Meanwhile, CME decreased the intracellular contents of TC and CE and the CE/TC ratio in RAW264.7 macrophages, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation. Moreover, it upregulated the expressions of PPARγ, LXRα, and ABCA1 and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway, and no significant differences were observed in key indicators such as p-NF-κB p65, ABCA1, TC, CE, and CE/TC ratio between the high-dose CME group and the BAY11-7082 inhibitor group. These results indicated that AS could be significantly inhibited by CME through activating the LXRα/ABCA1 pathway to regulate cholesterol metabolism and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway to alleviate inflammatory responses.

ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Boju'  /  atherosclerosis  /  cholesterol metabolism  /  inflammatory response  /  LXRα/ABCA1 signaling pathway  /  NF-κB signaling pathway
薛天乐, 李先佳, 王庆, 宋国阳, 孙守国. 亳菊乙醇提取物通过LXRα/ABCA1和NF-κB信号通路抑制动脉粥样硬化. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 439 -447 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090075
Tianle XUE, Xianjia LI, Qing WANG, Guoyang SONG, Shouguo SUN. Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Ethanol Extract from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat 'Boju' on Atherosclerosis via LXRα/ABCA1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 439 -447 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090075
动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)是冠心病、缺血性脑卒中、外周血管疾病的病理基础,与血管壁脂质异常沉积、炎症反应持续激活、平滑肌细胞增殖及胶原纤维重构密切相关,严重时出现动脉管腔狭窄、血流受阻,并引发心肌梗死或脑梗死等严重并发症[13]。AS的发病机制复杂,涉及多因素、多通路的协同作用。在脂类代谢方面,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)易被氧化为氧化型LDL(Oxidized LDL,ox-LDL),并被血管内皮细胞下的巨噬细胞吞噬,形成泡沫细胞,启动动脉脂质斑块的形成[4]。近年研究发现,肝X受体α/三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(Liver X Receptor α/ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1,LXRα/ABCA1)通路参与了胆固醇逆转运,其中ABCA1是巨噬细胞内胆固醇向高密度脂蛋白(High-density lipoprotein,HDL)前体转运的关键蛋白,其表达减少会导致巨噬细胞胆固醇堆积,加速泡沫细胞形成与斑块进展,是AS防治的重要靶点[5]。在炎症反应方面,核因子κB(Nuclear factor κB,NF-κB)信号通路是AS炎症调控的核心枢纽,其下游促炎因子不仅能加重血管内皮损伤,还能招募更多巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞浸润血管壁,加剧斑块的炎症反应和不稳定性[6]。因此,抑制NF-κB通路的过度激活,减轻血管壁的慢性炎症反应,也是延缓AS进展的策略之一。目前已有报道围绕菊属植物(野菊花、小白菊等)的研究,证实其成分可通过调控LXR通路调节脂质、抑制NF-κB通路减轻炎症[79]
尽管目前已有他汀类药物通过降低LDL-C和轻度抗炎作用用于AS的临床治疗,但长期使用可能引发肝损伤、肌肉疼痛等不良反应,且部分患者控制斑块进展效果不明显[10]。因此,从天然植物中筛选具有调节胆固醇代谢和抗炎作用的活性成分,开发安全、有效的AS防治药物或保健品,具有重要的临床价值和市场前景。菊科植物菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)是药食同源食品,具有保护心血管、抗氧化等多种药理活性[1114]。亳菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'Boju')是中国四大药用菊花之一,为菊花中的珍品[1516],主产于安徽省亳州市,具有悠久的药用和茶用历史[17]。其以色白气清、药效显著而闻名,具有清热解毒、平肝明目、降血压、抗菌消炎等功效,目前已广泛应用于中药制剂和保健茶饮。亳菊含有丰富的活性成分,包括挥发油、黄酮类、绿原酸等[18]。其中,黄酮类化合物是亳菊的主要活性成分之一,包括芦丁、木犀草素、芹菜素等,具有显著的抗氧化和抗炎作用[1920];挥发油中含有菊油环酮、樟脑等成分,可调节血管张力,改善微循环[21]。已有研究报道,亳菊水提物可降低自发性高血压大鼠的收缩压。此外,亳菊总黄酮可通过抑制氧化应激改善高脂血症小鼠的肝脏脂质沉积[22]。然而,关于亳菊乙醇提取物(Chrysanthemum morifolium ethanol extract,CME)对AS的作用目前尚未见系统研究报道。基于上述背景,本研究以ApoE-/-小鼠和ox-LDL诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞为研究对象,通过建立体内外AS模型,探究CME对AS的抑制作用,并从LXRα/ABCA1胆固醇代谢通路和NF-κB炎症通路两个维度,阐明其作用机制。
亳菊 采摘自亳州职业技术学院亳菊原种园,整株采摘,倒挂阴干而成,经亳州职业技术学院刘耀武教授鉴定为菊科植物菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.))的干燥头状花序;SPF级ApoE-/-小鼠60只(雄性,6~8周龄,体重20~22 g)、SPF级C57BL/6小鼠12只(雄性,6~8周龄,体重20~22 g) 北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(京)2022-0001,于温度22±2 ℃,湿度50%±5%,12 h光暗循环,自由摄食饮水的SPF级动物房饲养;小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞株 中国科学院细胞库(上海);DMEM高糖培养基+10%胎牛血清(Fetal bovine serum,FBS)+1%青霉素-链霉素双抗培养、辛伐他汀(纯度≥98%,按照成人剂量20 mg进行换算,灌胃剂量3 mg/kg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;ox-LDL(纯度≥95%) 北京义翘神州科技股份有限公司;总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)血清脂质检测试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)试剂盒、蛋白质印迹法(Western blot) 碧云天生物技术有限公司;过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ(Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,PPARγ)、LXRα、ABCA1、磷酸化核因子κB p65(Phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65,p-NF-κB p65)、NF-κB p65、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)一抗 美国CST公司;肿瘤坏死因子α(Tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(Interleukin 6,IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)试剂盒 上海酶联生物科技有限公司;油红O染色液 北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪(HPLC) 美国安捷伦公司;Hitachi 7600全自动生化分析仪 日本日立公司;Bio-Rad CFX96荧光定量PCR仪、Bio-Rad Mini-PROTEAN蛋白印迹仪 美国伯乐公司;Leica RM2235病理切片机 德国徕卡公司;Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析系统 美国Media Cybernetics公司。
准确称取干燥亳菊1000 g,粉碎过40目筛,加入10倍体积的70%乙醇,80 ℃回流提取3次,每次2 h,合并3次提取液,用旋转蒸发仪50 ℃,0.08 MPa条件下减压浓缩至无醇味,得到棕褐色浸膏,真空冷冻干燥后制成CME粉末,计算得率为12.52%。依据成人(60 kg)临床菊花日用量为5~10 g[23],按乙醇提取率(12.52%)进行计算,即成人每日等效剂量约为10.34~20.87 mg/kg。通过等效剂量系数转换法进行计算,小鼠给药剂量为确定为50、100、200 mg/kg。动物实验时,溶于0.5%吐温-80的生理盐水中,涡旋混匀后配制成目标浓度,按0.2 mL/10 g小鼠体重进行灌胃。用于细胞实验时,溶于含0.1%吐温-80的生理盐水,经0.22 μm滤膜过滤除菌后,加入DMEM培养基中配制成100 μg/mL的工作浓度,并按照实验进行稀释。
采用HPLC法测定CME中主要活性成分含量,色谱条件:色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0~10 min:10% A→30% A;10~20 min:30% A→50% A;20~30 min:50% A→70% A);流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长330 nm;柱温30 ℃,进样10 μL。
将60只ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为5组(n=12)。模型组(Model,M):生理盐水;CME低剂量组(CME-L):50 mg/kg CME;CME中剂量组(CME-M):100 mg/kg CME;CME高剂量组(CME-H):200 mg/kg CME;阳性对照组(Positive,P):3 mg/kg辛伐他汀(0.2 mL/10 g体重);所有小鼠均给予高脂饲料喂养,按照剂量每日灌胃0.2 mL/10 g体重。正常对照组(Normal,NC):12只C57BL/6小鼠,给予普通饲料喂养,每日灌胃生理盐水。所有小鼠干预周期为12周,干预结束后,小鼠禁食12 h,眼眶取血,3000 r/min离心10 min分离血清,−80 ℃保存;处死小鼠后,取主动脉根部和肝脏组织,4%多聚甲醛固定,用于病理切片,主动脉血管采用油红O染色,肝脏用苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色。部分置于液氮中速冻后−80 ℃保存,备用。本研究中所有动物实验均经亳州职业技术学院动物实验伦理委员会审批(2024-4)。
采用全自动生化分析仪,按照试剂盒说明书检测各组小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平。按照ELISA检测各组小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的水平。
采用Trizol法提取肝组织总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,以GAPDH为内参基因,进行qRT-PCR。引物序列如下:LXRα:上游5'-GCTGCTGCTGAAGATGACCT-3',下游5'-GGTGGTGGTGATGATGGTGT-3';ABCA1:上游5'-AGAGAGAGAGGAGGGAGAGG-3',下游5'-GAGGGAGAGAGAGGGAGAGA-3';GAPDH:上游5'-GGTGGTGCTAAGCGTGTTA-3',下游5'-GGTGGTGGTGATGATGGTG-3'。反应条件:95 ℃预变性30 s;95 ℃变性5 s,60 ℃退火30 s,40个循环;采用2−ΔΔCt法计算目的基因相对表达量。
采用含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液提取组织或细胞总蛋白,BCA法测定蛋白浓度,取30 μg蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳,转印至PVDF膜,5%脱脂牛奶封闭1 h,加入LXRα(1:2000)、ABCA1(1:2000)、NF-κB p65(1:2500)、p-NF-κB p65(1:2500)、GAPDH(1:2500)、β-actin(1:2000)一抗4 ℃孵育过夜,TBST洗膜3次,加入二抗(HRP标记,1:5000)室温孵育1 h,ECL化学发光显影。使用Image J 1.51软件对蛋白条带进行灰度值分析,与内参蛋白进行比较,分析相对蛋白表达量,并进行正常对照组、对照组归一化处理。
将RAW264.7细胞以4×103个细胞/孔的密度接种在96孔板中,100 µL/孔。细胞贴壁后,CME(0、100、200、300和400 μg/mL)处理细胞24 h,每孔加入10 µL CCK-8,培养1.5 h,酶标仪在450 nm处测定吸光度。按下式计算细胞活力,实验重复三次。
$ 细胞活力(\text{%})=\frac{药物组\text{OD}值}{对照组\text{OD}值}\times100 $
将RAW264.7细胞以4×103个细胞/孔的密度接种在96孔板中,100 µL/孔。细胞贴壁后,加入无血清的ox-LDL(0、25、50、75、100 μg/mL)处理24 h,CCK-8法分析细胞活力。4%多聚甲醛固定30 min,油红O染色15 min,PBS洗去多余染液,光学显微镜下随机选取3个视野进行拍摄,Image Pro-Plus 6.0图像分析软件计数红色脂滴阳性细胞(泡沫细胞),并计算泡沫细胞率。
$ 泡沫细胞率(\text{%})=\frac{红色脂滴阳性细胞}{总细胞数}\times 100 $
将RAW264.7细胞接种于6孔板(5×105个/孔),贴壁后,分为4组:对照组(Control,C):无血清DMEM培养基培养;模型组(M):50 μg/mL ox-LDL诱导24 h;CME低剂量组(CMEL):50 μg/mL ox-LDL+25 μg/mL CME;CME中剂量组(CMEM):50 μg/mL ox-LDL+50 μg/mL CME;CME高剂量组(CMEH):50 μg/mL ox-LDL+100 μg/mL CME。共培养24 h。PBS洗涤细胞两次,并在裂解缓冲液中裂解15 min。3000 r/min离心10 min后,收集上清液,ELISA检测细胞中TC、FC水平,其中CE=TC-FC,同时测定各样品蛋白含量,以每毫克蛋白浓度校正胆固醇含量。CE/TC>50%为泡沫化细胞转化成功。qRT-PCR、Western blot检测PPARγ、LXRα、ABCA1 mRNA以及蛋白表达水平。
将RAW264.7细胞接种于6孔板(5×105个/孔),贴壁后,分为4组:对照组(Control,C);模型组(M):50 μg/mL ox-LDL诱导24 h;CMEH组(CMEH):100 μg/mL CME;CMEH+ox-LDL组(CMEH+ox-LDL):100 μg/mL CME+50 μg/mL ox-LDL,对照组、CMEH组采用无血清DMEM培养基培养,其余各组均添加50 μg/mL ox-LDL共培养24 h。Western blot检测NF-κB p65、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β蛋白水平,qRT-PCR检测TNF-αIL-6IL-1β mRNA表达水平(TNF-α:上游5'-GACGTGGAACTGGCAGAAGAG-3',下游:5'-TTGGTGGTTTGTGAGTGTGAG-3';IL-6:上游5'-GAGGATACCACTCCCAACAGACC-3',下游5'-AAGTGCATCATCGTTGTTCATACA-3';IL-1β上游5'-CCACAGACCTTCCAGGAGAATG-3',下游5'-GTGCAGTTCAGTGATCGTACAGG-3')。
将RAW264.7细胞接种于6孔板(5×105个/孔),贴壁后,分为4组:对照组(Control,C,无血清DMEM培养基培养);模型组(M):50 μg/mL ox-LDL诱导24 h;CMEH+ox-LDL组(CMEH+ox-LDL):100 μg/mL CME+50 μg/mL ox-LDL;BAY11-7082(NF-κB磷酸化抑制剂)+ox-LDL组(BAY11-7082)[24]:10 μmol/L BAY11-7082+50 μg/mL ox-LDL);CMEH+BAY11-7082+ox-LDL组(CMEH+BAY11-7082):100 μg/mL CME+10 μmol/L BAY11-7082+50 μg/mL ox-LDL)。共培养24 h。Western blot检测p-NF-κB p65、ABCA1水平,ELISA检测TC、FC水平。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,计量数据以x±s表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),两两比较采用LSD-t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
以绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、木犀草素为标准品,以各对照品进样量(μg)的对数为横坐标,峰面积对数为纵坐标,分别绘制其标准曲线:y=1.9018x+12.427(R2=0.9998),y=1.7397x+12.572(R2=0.9994),y=1.9363x+14.327(R2=0.9997),y=1.7846x+13.579(R2=0.9996),计算绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸、木犀草素质量分数分别为0.514%、0.526%、0.714%、0.402%(图1),符合《中国药典》2025年版规定[23]
与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.01),HDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.01),提示高脂饲料成功诱导ApoE-/-小鼠出现胆固醇代谢紊乱。与模型组相比,CME各剂量组和阳性对照组血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著降低,HDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性,尤其CME-H组效果最突出,不仅可通过抑制内源性脂质合成、减少致动脉粥样硬化性脂蛋白的生成与蓄积,还能通过增强HDL-C介导的胆固醇逆转运功能,促进血管壁多余胆固醇向肝脏的转运与代谢,最终对AS小鼠脂质代谢发挥有效的调节功能(表1)。
本研究进一步分析了ApoE−/−小鼠主动脉血管、肝组织切片中的病理学病变。如图2所示,NC组小鼠动脉壁(尤其是内膜层)无明显橘红色脂滴,而肝脏结构规则,没有脂肪变性。M组动脉内膜至中膜可见大量弥漫性橘红色脂滴,脂滴融合成片状,甚至占据血管壁大部分区域。肝脏结构紊乱,更多的肝细胞出现胞浆空泡变性和大脂滴积聚。相比之下,CME处理的ApoE−/−小鼠动脉橘红色脂滴数量呈剂量依赖性减少。肝细胞气球样变性和脂滴积聚明显减少,说明CME在体内缓解血脂异常和预防动脉粥样硬化的能力(图2)。
文献显示,姜黄素、白藜芦醇等可以上调LXRα和ABCA1的表达,激活LXRα/ABCA1通路,进而抑制AS[25]。本研究中,qRT-PCR和Western blot结果显示,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠肝组织LXRαABCA1 mRNA和LXRα、ABCA1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),表明所构建的模型导致了LXRα/ABCA1通路相关基因和蛋白表达的显著下调,该通路被抑制,影响胆固醇代谢过程,促进AS的发生发展。随着CME剂量的增加,LXRαABCA1 mRNA 和LXRα、ABCA1蛋白水平逐渐升高,呈现出明显的剂量依赖性。与模型组相比,各剂量组的表达量均有显著提高(P<0.05),说明CME能够上调LXRα和ABCA1的表达,激活LXRα/ABCA1通路,这可能是CME抑制AS的重要机制之一(图3表2)。
NF-κB是调控炎症反应的核心转录因子。AS发生中,氧化应激、脂质沉积等激活NF-κB通路,促使单核细胞趋化、巨噬细胞浸润,并诱导TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等促炎因子大量释放,形成恶性循环[26]。本研究中,与正常对照组比较,模型组p-NF-κB p65表达显著升高(P<0.01),提示AS模型成功激活NF-κB炎症通路。CME组随剂量升高,p-NF-κB p65逐步降低,呈剂量依赖性抑制,高剂量CME-H与阳性对照组接近,说明CME可有效阻断NF-κB通路激活。另外,与正常对照组比较,模型组炎症因子TNF、IL-6、IL-1β显著升高(P<0.01),反映AS状态下血管局部系统炎症的发生;CME组炎症因子随剂量升高显著降低(P<0.05),与p-NF-κB p65趋势一致,说明CME通过抑制NF-κB通路,减少下游促炎因子释放(图4表3)。
表4所示,100~200 μg/mL CME处理后,细胞活力维持在90%以上,与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。为了避免药物本身对细胞活力的干扰,后续CME最高浓度选择100 μg/mL。同样,ox-LDL浓度≤50 μg/mL时,对细胞活力影响较小,浓度从25 μg/mL升至50 μg/mL时,泡沫细胞率急剧增加。浓度超过50 μg/mL后(75、100 μg/mL),诱导效率进入平台期。后续ox-LDL选择50 μg/mL进行实验(图5表4)。
与对照组相比,模型组RAW264.7巨噬细胞内TC、CE、FC含量显著升高(P<0.01),CE/TC比值从对照组34.26%升至59.19%,提示ox-LDL成功诱导巨噬细胞胆固醇蓄积及泡沫化。经CME干预后,细胞内TC、CE含量呈剂量依赖性降低(P<0.01)(表5)。
与对照组相比,模型组巨噬细胞PPARγLXRαABCA1 mRNA以及蛋白相对表达量显著降低(P<0.01),提示ox-LDL抑制胆固醇逆转运关键通路相关基因表达。CME组随剂量升高,PPARγLXRαABCA1 mRNA以及蛋白相对表达逐步增加,呈剂量依赖性上调,说明CME促进RAW264.7巨噬细胞内胆固醇逆转运,同时抑制胆固醇酯合成,从而剂量依赖性改善ox-LDL诱导的胆固醇稳态失衡及泡沫细胞形成。(图6表6)。
与对照组比较,模型组p-NF-κB p65、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β蛋白水平显著增加,TNF-α、IL-6IL-1β mRNA水平显著上调(P<0.01),说明ox-LDL刺激巨噬细胞后,释放NF-κB p65并使其磷酸化(p-NF-κB p65),磷酸化的p65入核结合促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β)的启动子区域,直接促进其转录表达。CMEH组的p-NF-κB p65、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β蛋白、TNF-α、IL-6IL-1β mRNA水平与对照组无显著差异,说明CME本身无毒性。与模型组比较,CMEH+ox-LDL组的p-NF-κB p65、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β蛋白、TNF-αIL-6IL-1β mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.01),说明CME通过抑制NF-κB通路发挥抗炎作用(图7表7)。
与对照组比较,模型组p-NF-κB p65显著增加,ABCA1显著降低(P<0.01),提示ox-LDL可通过激活NF-κB通路诱发细胞炎症反应,抑制细胞内胆固醇外流。与模型组比较,CMEH组、BAY11-7082组p-NF-κB p65水平显著降低,ABCA1显著增加(P<0.01),说明CME可通过抑制NF-κB p65磷酸化,解除NF-κB对LXRα/ABCA1通路的抑制,恢复ABCA1表达。与BAY11-7082组比较,CMEH+BAY11-7082组p-NF-κB p65、ABCA1、TC、CE及CE/TC比值均无显著差异(P>0.05),说明CME是通过抑制NF-κB通路,间接调控LXRα/ABCA1信号及胆固醇代谢(图8表8)。
研究显示,高脂饲料喂养的ApoE-/-小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著升高,HDL-C水平显著降低,同时伴随肝脏脂肪变性与肝细胞脂滴积聚。而CME各剂量组可剂量依赖性地逆转上述异常,一方面,CME通过抑制肝脏内源性脂质合成相关酶活性,减少TC、TG的生成与蓄积;另一方面,通过增强HDL-C介导的胆固醇逆转运功能,促进血管壁多余胆固醇向肝脏的转运与代谢,最终减轻脂质在血管壁的沉积。这与同类天然提取物的降脂机制相似[27],但CME的优势在于其成分中同时含有黄酮类、绿原酸及挥发油等多种活性成分,可能通过协同作用实现更全面的脂质调节效果。
胆固醇逆转运障碍是AS发生的关键环节,而LXRα/ABCA1通路是调控该过程的核心信号通路。LXRα作为核受体转录因子,可激活下游靶基因ABCA1的表达;ABCA1作为巨噬细胞膜上的胆固醇转运蛋白,能将细胞内多余胆固醇转运至HDL前体,从而阻止胆固醇在巨噬细胞内蓄积形成泡沫细胞[28]。本研究发现,LXRα、ABCA1的表达量随CME剂量升高而显著增加,且呈剂量依赖性。体外实验进一步验证了这一机制,CME可剂量依赖性地降低细胞内TC、CE含量,上调LXRα/ABCA1通路相关基因及蛋白的表达,最终抑制泡沫细胞形成。说明CME能通过激活LXRα/ABCA1信号通路,增强巨噬细胞内胆固醇外流能力,从源头阻断泡沫细胞的形成。
慢性炎症反应是AS斑块进展与不稳定的重要驱动因素,而NF-κB通路是调控炎症反应的核心枢纽。在AS状态下,ox-LDL、氧化应激等刺激可激活NF-κB通路,促使其下游促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β)大量释放,进一步招募巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞浸润血管壁,加剧斑块炎症与损伤[2930]。本研究发现,CME可剂量依赖性地抑制NF-κB p65的激活,并抑制促炎因子的释放,其抗炎效果与辛伐他汀接近。体外机制研究进一步证实,CME可通过抑制NF-κB p65的磷酸化,阻止其入核结合促炎因子启动子区域,从而减少TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的转录与表达。更重要的是,通过加入NF-κB特异性抑制剂BAY11-7082,CME与BAY11-7082联合处理组在p-NF-κB p65水平、ABCA1表达及胆固醇代谢指标(TC、CE、CE/TC)上与单独使用BAY11-7082组无显著差异,提示CME对LXRα/ABCA1通路的激活作用可能依赖于对NF-κB通路的抑制。CME抗炎、降脂协同机制是区别于单一靶点药物的重要特征,也为其多靶点防治AS提供了实验依据。
总之,亳菊乙醇提取物(CME)通过调控LXRα/ABCA1和NF-κB两条核心通路,协同实现调节胆固醇代谢与抑制炎症反应,展现出显著抗动脉粥样硬化作用,为亳菊开发提供实验支撑。CME成分安全、多通路调控,未来有望开发为防治动脉粥样硬化的功能性食品或辅助药物,后续可聚焦单一活性成分验证、长期安全性评估及临床转化。
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090075
  • 接收时间:2025-09-08
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08
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    1.亳州职业技术学院,安徽中药材种植联合研究中心,安徽亳州 236800
    2.河南师范大学化学化工学院,河南新乡 453007
    3.安徽九洲方圆制药有限公司,安徽亳州 236800

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李先佳(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:有机小分子设计、合成及活性研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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