Article(id=1261343844411519303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748707200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657407143, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657407143, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657407143, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657407143, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=370, endPage=379, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343846152155472, articleId=1261343844411519303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Storage Quality of Postharvest Fresh-cut Dendrocalamus brandisii Shoots, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, the effects of different treatment times (40, 50, 60 s) on the changes of physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of postharvest fresh-cut Dendrocalamus brandisii (D. brandisii) shoots during storage were investigated using dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma (DBD-CP). The results showed that DBD-CP improved the brightness of fresh-cut D. brandisii shoots with the highest contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars compared with CK group. At the 30th day of storage of CP1, CP2, and CP3-treated D. brandisii shoots, peroxidase activity decreased by 11.13, 15.96, and 5.03 U/g (P<0.05), polyphenol oxidase activity decreased by 0.28, 1.21, and 0.62 U/g (P<0.05), phenylalanine deaminase activity decreased by 1.99, 7.19, and 5.81 U/g (P<0.05), 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A ligase activity decreased by 3.17, 4.41, and 1.81 U/g (P<0.05), pectin content increased by 23.61%, 58.33%, and 44.44% (P<0.05), and cumulative synthesis of cellulose and lignin decreased by 7.81, 37.24, and 13.86 mg/g (P<0.05), 0.54, 0.68, and 0.55 mg/g (P<0.05), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that CP2 had the smallest confidence circle, indicating that it had the best quality stability of D. brandisii shoots. This study provides some theoretical basis for the application of DBD-CP technology in the field of postharvest preservation and processing of D. brandisii shoots.

, correspAuthors=Fangyu FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tongqin YANG, Yanmei DENG, Guohui YUAN, Qian MA, Lei GUO, Xiaoguang QUE, Fangyu FAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343870130991609, articleId=1261343844411519303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=低温等离子体处理对采后鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏品质的影响研究, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体(Dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma,DBD-CP)探究了不同处理时间(40、50、60 s)对采后鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏期间理化特性及酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,与CK组相比,DBD-CP可提高鲜切甜龙竹笋亮度,总酚、总黄酮、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量最高;CP1、CP2、CP3处理的甜龙竹笋贮藏第30 d时,过氧化物酶活性下降了11.13、15.96、5.03 U/g(P<0.05),多酚氧化酶活性下降了0.28、1.21、0.62 U/g(P<0.05),苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性下降了1.99、7.19、5.81 U/g(P<0.05),4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶活性下降了3.17、4.41、1.81 U/g(P<0.05),果胶含量提高了23.61%、58.33%、44.44%(P<0.05),纤维素、木质素累积合成量分别降低了7.81、37.24、13.86 mg/g(P<0.05),0.54、0.68、0.55 mg/g(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,CP2置信圈最小,表明其甜龙竹笋品质稳定性最佳。该研究为DBD-CP技术在甜龙竹笋采后保鲜与加工领域的应用提供了一定的理论依据。

, correspAuthors=范方宇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
范方宇(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农林产品加工,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BhStnAh3Ht2qMsdtQHL6GQ==, magXml=4DFCr+bRMyKnpvFIgd5Uqw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cpaLvRMNYRdh/EqNBQIYZw==, pdfFileSize=1591090, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0xrtZPYXVqv8n4aUZcmvuQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=oetxFv8mlRa/cIc2r0K09g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨通琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

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杨通琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

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杨通琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020, 100(15): 5586−5595., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1261343972778193420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844411519303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU M, LI G, ZHANG L, et al. Cold plasma treatment delays the texture softening of apricot fruit through PAPL-PL-pectin changes[J]. 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注:a-CK;b-CP1;c-CP2;d-CP3;*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001。

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Effect of DBD-CP treatment on colour difference of fresh-cut D. brandisii shoots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颜色组别第0 d第6 d第12 d第18 d第24 d第30 d
注:表中上标不同字母表示同一时间不同组别间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
L*CK55.91±0.36a52.28±0.38a50.03±0.87c45.94±0.77c43.08±0.67d41.34±0.83b
CP156.49±0.46a52.84±0.69a50.94±1.18bc47.88±0.61b44.82±0.91c42.80±0.49b
CP256.42±0.24a54.77±0.40a54.38±1.28a51.45±0.93a49.13±0.48a47.20±0.62a
CP355.89±0.50a53.23±2.18a52.50±0.14ab48.99±0.52b46.90±0.62b45.32±0.71a
a*CK−2.77±0.81a−1.50±0.22a−1.21±0.15a−0.12±0.09a0.34±0.22a1.31±0.10a
CP1−3.25±0.32a−3.01±0.2b−2.05±1.16ab−1.92±0.95b−1.59±0.18ab−0.53±0.35b
CP2−3.63±0.53a−2.81±0.17b−2.71±0.61b−2.76±0.96b−2.41±2.09b−1.90±0.24d
CP3−2.93±0.82a−2.70±0.41b−2.51±0.38b−2.42±0.13b−2.37±0.52b−1.26±0.23c
b*CK3.98±0.84a4.87±0.79a6.36±0.30a7.48±0.72a8.11±0.49a8.79±0.41a
CP12.58±0.48b3.47±0.38b5.74±0.09a6.34±0.04ab6.82±0.78b7.11±0.40b
CP23.25±0.62ab3.41±0.41b5.70±0.90a5.73±0.93b5.94±0.62b6.06±0.83b
CP33.36±0.57ab3.83±0.13b5.93±1.04a5.99±0.68ab6.25±0.60b6.74±0.49b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343943707471978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844411519303, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DBD-CP处理对鲜切甜龙竹笋色差的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
颜色组别第0 d第6 d第12 d第18 d第24 d第30 d
注:表中上标不同字母表示同一时间不同组别间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
L*CK55.91±0.36a52.28±0.38a50.03±0.87c45.94±0.77c43.08±0.67d41.34±0.83b
CP156.49±0.46a52.84±0.69a50.94±1.18bc47.88±0.61b44.82±0.91c42.80±0.49b
CP256.42±0.24a54.77±0.40a54.38±1.28a51.45±0.93a49.13±0.48a47.20±0.62a
CP355.89±0.50a53.23±2.18a52.50±0.14ab48.99±0.52b46.90±0.62b45.32±0.71a
a*CK−2.77±0.81a−1.50±0.22a−1.21±0.15a−0.12±0.09a0.34±0.22a1.31±0.10a
CP1−3.25±0.32a−3.01±0.2b−2.05±1.16ab−1.92±0.95b−1.59±0.18ab−0.53±0.35b
CP2−3.63±0.53a−2.81±0.17b−2.71±0.61b−2.76±0.96b−2.41±2.09b−1.90±0.24d
CP3−2.93±0.82a−2.70±0.41b−2.51±0.38b−2.42±0.13b−2.37±0.52b−1.26±0.23c
b*CK3.98±0.84a4.87±0.79a6.36±0.30a7.48±0.72a8.11±0.49a8.79±0.41a
CP12.58±0.48b3.47±0.38b5.74±0.09a6.34±0.04ab6.82±0.78b7.11±0.40b
CP23.25±0.62ab3.41±0.41b5.70±0.90a5.73±0.93b5.94±0.62b6.06±0.83b
CP33.36±0.57ab3.83±0.13b5.93±1.04a5.99±0.68ab6.25±0.60b6.74±0.49b
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低温等离子体处理对采后鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏品质的影响研究
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杨通琴 1 , 邓艳梅 1 , 袁国惠 1 , 马倩 1, 2 , 郭磊 1, 2 , 雀晓光 3 , 范方宇 *, 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(9): 370-379
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食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026, 47(9): 370-379
低温等离子体处理对采后鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏品质的影响研究
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杨通琴1 , 邓艳梅1, 袁国惠1, 马倩1, 2, 郭磊1, 2, 雀晓光3, 范方宇*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院,云南昆明 650224
  • 2.云南省森林灾害预警与控制实验室,云南昆明 650224
  • 3.高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江管护局,云南怒江 673199
  • 杨通琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

通讯作者:

范方宇(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农林产品加工,E-mail:
Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Storage Quality of Postharvest Fresh-cut Dendrocalamus brandisii Shoots
Tongqin YANG1 , Yanmei DENG1, Guohui YUAN1, Qian MA1, 2, Lei GUO1, 2, Xiaoguang QUE3, Fangyu FAN*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Biological and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • 2.Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China
  • 3.Nujiang Management Bureau of Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nujiang 673199, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060004
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本研究采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体(Dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma,DBD-CP)探究了不同处理时间(40、50、60 s)对采后鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏期间理化特性及酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,与CK组相比,DBD-CP可提高鲜切甜龙竹笋亮度,总酚、总黄酮、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量最高;CP1、CP2、CP3处理的甜龙竹笋贮藏第30 d时,过氧化物酶活性下降了11.13、15.96、5.03 U/g(P<0.05),多酚氧化酶活性下降了0.28、1.21、0.62 U/g(P<0.05),苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性下降了1.99、7.19、5.81 U/g(P<0.05),4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶活性下降了3.17、4.41、1.81 U/g(P<0.05),果胶含量提高了23.61%、58.33%、44.44%(P<0.05),纤维素、木质素累积合成量分别降低了7.81、37.24、13.86 mg/g(P<0.05),0.54、0.68、0.55 mg/g(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,CP2置信圈最小,表明其甜龙竹笋品质稳定性最佳。该研究为DBD-CP技术在甜龙竹笋采后保鲜与加工领域的应用提供了一定的理论依据。

低温等离子体  /  甜龙竹笋  /  贮藏品质  /  木质化

In this study, the effects of different treatment times (40, 50, 60 s) on the changes of physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of postharvest fresh-cut Dendrocalamus brandisii (D. brandisii) shoots during storage were investigated using dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma (DBD-CP). The results showed that DBD-CP improved the brightness of fresh-cut D. brandisii shoots with the highest contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars compared with CK group. At the 30th day of storage of CP1, CP2, and CP3-treated D. brandisii shoots, peroxidase activity decreased by 11.13, 15.96, and 5.03 U/g (P<0.05), polyphenol oxidase activity decreased by 0.28, 1.21, and 0.62 U/g (P<0.05), phenylalanine deaminase activity decreased by 1.99, 7.19, and 5.81 U/g (P<0.05), 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A ligase activity decreased by 3.17, 4.41, and 1.81 U/g (P<0.05), pectin content increased by 23.61%, 58.33%, and 44.44% (P<0.05), and cumulative synthesis of cellulose and lignin decreased by 7.81, 37.24, and 13.86 mg/g (P<0.05), 0.54, 0.68, and 0.55 mg/g (P<0.05), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that CP2 had the smallest confidence circle, indicating that it had the best quality stability of D. brandisii shoots. This study provides some theoretical basis for the application of DBD-CP technology in the field of postharvest preservation and processing of D. brandisii shoots.

cold plasma  /  D. brandisii shoots  /  storage quality  /  lignify
杨通琴, 邓艳梅, 袁国惠, 马倩, 郭磊, 雀晓光, 范方宇. 低温等离子体处理对采后鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏品质的影响研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 370 -379 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060004
Tongqin YANG, Yanmei DENG, Guohui YUAN, Qian MA, Lei GUO, Xiaoguang QUE, Fangyu FAN. Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Storage Quality of Postharvest Fresh-cut Dendrocalamus brandisii Shoots[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 370 -379 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060004
甜龙竹笋(Dendrocalamus brandisiiD. brandisii)属禾本科(Gramineae)牡竹属(Dendrocalamus)竹种,因其生食口感微甜,具有“甜笋”之称[1],主要分布于云南普洱、临沧、西双版纳等地,以及老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等亚热带国家[2]。甜龙竹笋富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、粗纤维等营养物质,且脂肪含量低,生物活性物质丰富,有助于改善消化、缓解高血压、预防心血管疾病,对人体健康有益[35]。甜龙竹笋采收时,易因切割损伤,破坏组织完整性,导致其呼吸强度增加、氧化酶激活及活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)的爆发等生理生化反应,加速笋体老化、褐变或腐烂,导致营养物质流失[6]。常温下放置2~3 d即失去食用价值,贮藏困难[7]。近年来竹笋采后保鲜一直是研究热点。为延长竹笋采后新鲜度,冰温保鲜[8]、化学保鲜剂[9]、紫外辐射[10]等方法已成功应用于各类竹笋贮藏品质劣变的评估,且取得一定效果,但限于技术、设备、成本等问题,这些方法仍不易实施。基于此,探索一种易操作、绿色高效的甜龙竹笋活体保鲜方法,延缓木质化并维持采后贮藏品质,对促进其产业发展具有重要意义。
介质阻挡放电低温等离子体(Dielectric barrier discharge-cold plasma,DBD-CP)是一种安全、环保的新型非热杀菌方法,在果蔬保鲜领域备受关注[11]。DBD-CP通过电离空气产生带电粒子、紫外线光子及ROS(臭氧、过氧化氢、超氧阴离子、羟自由基等)和活性氮等杀菌物质[12],这些活性物质可作为消毒剂,引发膜脂过氧化破坏微生物细胞,导致其死亡[13]。此外,DBD-CP可改变果蔬代谢特征,增强抗衰老和抗逆能力,从而维持贮藏品质并延长货架期[14]。目前,DBD-CP处理可延缓麻竹笋采后木质化和褐变,有效保持其贮藏品质[15];降低番茄的腐烂率,并减少可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的流失[16];抑制小白杏丙二醛含量及细胞壁降解酶活性的上升[17];减少鲜切猕猴桃片表面菌落总数,改善褐变,延长货架期[18]。因此,采用DBD-CP处理甜龙竹笋预期可以提升采后贮藏品质,对甜龙竹笋的利用具有重要意义,有关DBD-CP处理鲜切甜龙竹笋的研究鲜见报道。
基于此,本研究以鲜切甜龙竹笋为原料,探究DBD-CP不同处理时间对其理化特性及酶活性变化的影响,为DBD-CP在甜龙竹笋保鲜中的应用提供理论依据。
甜龙竹笋 采自云南省普洱市思茅镇莲花村(挑选大小一致,无病虫害、无机械损伤的甜龙竹笋,采后0~2 ℃的冷库预冷,第2 d放置泡沫箱,用适量冰袋覆盖后封箱,约7 h送实验室待测);蒽酮、乙酸乙酯、愈创木酚、邻苯二酚 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、亚硝酸钠、醋酸、醋酸钠 广东光华科技股份有限公司;4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶(4-Coumarate coenzyme A ligase,4CL)试剂盒、果胶试剂盒 上海源叶生物试剂有限公司;纤维素试剂盒、木质素试剂盒 苏州科铭生物技术有限公司;其余试剂均为分析纯。
CTP-2000K低温等离子体 南京苏曼等离子体科技有限公司;UV-2600紫外可见分光光度计 日本岛津公司;Spectra Max-M5酶标仪 上海美谷分子仪器有限公司;SC-80色差仪 北京康光仪器有限公司。
清洗甜龙竹笋表面污泥、剥壳,切除底部约2 cm,将笋体切片,长宽约5~6 cm,厚度约2~3 mm。DBD处理参数为:放电电压60 V、放电电流0.95 A、放电频率5 Hz,上层介质阻挡与样品接触面距离约1 cm。以未处理的甜龙竹笋为对照组CK(0 s),实验组分别处理40、50和60 s(标记为CP1、CP2、CP3)。聚乙烯袋真空包装,4 ℃贮藏30 d,每6 d取样测甜龙竹笋性质。
采用色差仪进行测定,数据采集前用白/黑板进行校准,选择甜龙竹笋片中心点测量,分别记录L*a*b*值。L*表示明暗度;a*表示红-绿轴,正值表示红,负值表示绿;b*表示黄-蓝轴,正值表示黄,负值表示蓝。
采用考马斯亮蓝G-250法测定[19]。取2.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入5.0 mL蒸馏水充分研磨,移入10 mL离心管,12000 r/min离心15 min。取1.0 mL上清液于10 mL比色管,加入5.0 mL考马斯亮蓝,摇匀、静置反应10 min,595 nm测定吸光值。绘制牛血清蛋白标准曲线,得回归方程y=0.0056x+0.0075,R2=0.9994,x为可溶性蛋白浓度(对应的标准蛋白浓度),y为所测吸光值。可溶性蛋白含量按公式(1)计算。
$ 可溶性蛋白含量(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{m}'\times\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}\mathrm{_s}\times\mathrm{m}\times1000} $
式中,m′为标准蛋白含量,μg;V为提取液总体积,5 mL;Vs为测定时提取液体积,1 mL;m为样品质量,2 g。
采用蒽酮-硫酸法测定[19]。取1.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入5.0 mL蒸馏水充分研磨,移入刻度试管,沸水浴提取30 min,冷却过滤,滤液倒入10 mL离心管。将残渣回收至试管,加入5.0 mL蒸馏水,煮沸提取10 min,滤液移入10 mL离心管。取0.5 mL上清液置于10 mL比色管,加入1.5 mL蒸馏水,0.5 mL蒽酮-乙酸乙酯,5 mL浓硫酸,混匀,沸水浴保温2 min,静置冷却,620 nm测定吸光值。绘制蔗糖标准曲线,得回归方程y=0.0066x−0.0017,R2=0.9993,x为可溶性糖浓度(对应的蔗糖标准液的浓度),y为所测吸光值。可溶性糖含量按公式(2)计算。
$ \rm{可}溶性糖含量(\text{%})=\frac{m'\times V}{V_s\times m\times10^6}\times100 $
式中,m′为蔗糖含量,μg;V为提取液总体积,10 mL;Vs为测定时提取液体积,0.5 mL;m为样品质量,1 g。
采用福林酚法测定[6]。取5.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入30 mL 70%乙醇充分研磨,移入50 mL离心管,超声提取1 h,12000 r/min离心10 min。取1.0 mL上清液于10 mL比色管,加入2.5 mL福林酚(0.2 mol/L),避光静置反应5 min,加入2.0 mL碳酸钠溶液(7.5%),摇匀,避光静置反应1 h,760 nm测定吸光值。绘制没食子酸标准曲线,得回归方程y=10.026x−0.0166,R2=0.9992,x为总酚浓度(对应的没食子酸浓度),y为所测吸光度。总酚含量按公式(3)计算。
$ 总酚含量(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}\times \mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中,C为没食子酸当量,mg/mL;V为提取液总体积,30 mL;N为稀释倍数,20;m为样品质量,5 g。
采用AlCl3比色法测定[6]。取1.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入5.0 mL无水乙醇充分研磨,移入10 mL离心管,12000 r/min离心10 min。取1.0 mL上清液于10 mL比色管,各加入0.3 mL亚硝酸钠溶液(5.0%)、硝酸铝溶液(10.0%),摇匀、静置反应6 min,加入4.0 mL NaOH溶液(4.0%),50%乙醇溶液定容,摇匀、静置反应15 min,510 nm测定吸光值。绘制芦丁标准曲线,得回归方程y=10.871x−0.003,R2=0.999,x为总黄酮浓度(对应的芦丁浓度),y为所测吸光度。总黄酮含量按公式(4)计算。
$ 总黄酮含量(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{V}_1\times\mathrm{C}\times\mathrm{V_2}}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中,V1为加显色试剂后待测液体积,10 mL;C为总黄酮浓度,mg/mL;V2为提取液总体积,5 mL;m为样品质量,1 g。
采用愈创木酚法测定[19]。酶液提取:取1.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入9.0 mL提取缓冲液,冰浴条件下研磨成匀浆,移入10 mL离心管,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min,得酶提取液。取3.0 mL愈创木酚溶液(25 mmol/L)于10 mL比色管,加入0.5 mL酶提取液,200 μL H2O2溶液(0.5 mol/L),立即混匀,470 nm测定吸光值。每隔1 min测定一次,连续测定6次。POD活性按公式(5)计算。
$ \mathrm{POD}活性(\mathrm{U}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{D}}_{470\mathrm{F}}-\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{D}}_{470\mathrm{I}}}{{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{p}}-{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{I}}} $
式中,OD470F为反应液终止吸光值;OD470I为反应液初始吸光值;tp为反应终止时间,6 min;tI为反应初始时间,1 min。
采用邻苯二酚法测定[20]。酶液提取:取1.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入9.0 mL提取缓冲液,冰浴条件下研磨成匀浆,移入10 mL离心管,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min,得酶提取液。取4.0 mL乙酸钠缓冲液(50 mmol/L、pH5.5)于10 mL比色管,加入1.0 mL邻苯二酚溶液(50 mmol/L),100 μL酶提取液,立即混匀,470 nm测定吸光值。每隔1 min测定一次,连续测定6次。PPO活性按公式(6)计算。
$ \mathrm{PPO}活性(\mathrm{U}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{D}}_{420\mathrm{F}}-\mathrm{O}{\mathrm{D}}_{420\mathrm{I}}}{{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{p}}-{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{I}}} $
式中,OD420F为反应液终止吸光值;OD420I为反应液初始吸光值;tp为反应终止时间,6 min;tI为反应初始时间,1 min。
酶液提取:取1.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入9.0 mL提取缓冲液,冰浴条件下研磨成匀浆,移入10 mL离心管,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min,得酶提取液。取3.0 mL硼酸缓冲液(50 mmol/L、pH8.8)于10 mL比色管,加入0.5 mL L-苯丙氨酸(20 mmol/L),37 ℃水浴10 min,加入0.5 mL酶提取液,立即混匀,290 nm测定初始吸光值。将比色管置于37 ℃继续水浴1 h,290 nm测定终止吸光值[19]。PAL活性按公式(7)计算。
$ \mathrm{PAL}活性(\mathrm{U}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\mathrm{(O}\mathrm{D}_1-\mathrm{O}\mathrm{D}_0)\times\mathrm{V}}{0.01\times\mathrm{V}_{\rm{s}}\times\mathrm{t}\times\mathrm{m}} $
式中,OD0水浴10 min反应液吸光值;OD1水浴1 h反应液吸光值;V为混合液总体积,4 mL;Vs为测定提取液体积,0.5 mL;t为反应时间,1 h;m为样品质量,1 g。
采用4CL试剂盒测定。取1.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入9.0 mL缓冲液,冰浴研磨成匀浆,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min。按说明书进行测定,结果以U/g鲜重表示。
采用果胶试剂盒测定。取1.0 g甜龙竹笋,加入9.0 mL缓冲液,冰浴研磨成匀浆,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min。按说明书进行测定,结果以mg/g鲜重表示。
采用纤维素试剂盒测定。取5.0 g甜龙竹笋置于称量皿,105 ℃烘干至恒重,研磨过60目筛。约取10.0 mg样品,加入80%乙醇1.0 mL,90 ℃水浴20 min,冷却至室温,8000 r/min离心10 min。按说明书进行测定,结果以mg/g干重表示。
采用木质素试剂盒测定。取5.0 g甜龙竹笋置于称量皿,105 ℃烘干至恒重,研磨过60目筛。按说明书进行测定,结果以mg/g干重表示。
所有测定指标重复3次,结果表示为平均值±标准差。利用SPSS 26进行ANOVA方差分析(P<0.05为显著差异),Origin 2021进行绘图。
颜色是判断果蔬感官品质和衡量货架期长短的重要指标。如图1所示,贮藏第0 d时,各处理组甜龙竹笋表面呈乳白色;贮藏至第30 d时,各处理组甜龙竹笋表面均出现明显黄变现象,黄色区域持续扩大且颜色不断加深;其中,CK组黄变程度较为严重,而PAW处理组的甜龙竹笋表面黄变程度相对较轻,颜色保持较好。
表1所示,随贮藏时间的延长,L*值呈下降趋势,a*b*值呈上升趋势。原因为甜龙竹笋组织受到机械损伤与氧气接触时,大量氧气侵入组织,导致酚类物质在酶催化作用下迅速氧化,破坏了原有的酚-醌动态平衡体系,促使醌类物质不断积累,从而通过氧化聚合反应生成黑色素类物质,导致组织褐变,L*值下降、a*b*值上升[21]。贮藏至第30 d时,CK、CP1、CP2、CP3L*值为41.34、42.80、47.20、45.32;a*值为1.31、−0.53、−1.90、−1.26;b*值为8.79、7.11、6.06、6.74。结果表明,CP2L*值最高,a*b*值最低,这归因于CP2中的ROS通过破坏POD、PPO的结构来抑制其活性延缓组织发生褐变,从而改善鲜切甜龙竹笋的颜色[2223];CP3处理时间过长,产生过多ROS物质,这些物质可能导致甜龙竹笋表面的色素氧化,亮度降低;CP1处理时间较短,产生的活性物质含量较少,抑制效果较差。
可溶性蛋白是果蔬的重要营养成分,参与多种代谢过程,与其衰老和耐贮藏性密切相关[24]。如图2所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势。这归因于鲜切甜龙竹笋采后仍在进行呼吸作用,加速了新陈代谢,造成能量消耗并促进了可溶性蛋白的降解[25]。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3分别比CK组提高了24.70%、39.27%、32.79%(P<0.05),表明适当DBD-CP处理有效抑制可溶性蛋白的降解,延缓营养物质流失,有利于保持甜龙竹笋贮藏品质[26];CP3处理组时间过长,产生过量的活性物质可能破坏了可溶性蛋白结构,导致其变性,可溶性蛋白含量下降;CP1处理组时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,抑制可溶性蛋白降解的作用较差。
可溶性糖不仅是果蔬中重要的营养成分,也是植物在逆境胁迫下产生的渗透调节物质,对细胞起到一定的保护作用[24]。如图3所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组呈先升高后降低的趋势。贮藏前期,由于大分子化合物逐渐降解导致葡萄糖和果糖等可溶性糖含量升高[27];贮藏第18 d后,可能是甜龙竹笋组织受损导致呼吸作用增强,加速可溶性糖的消耗,含量下降[27]。贮藏第30 d时,CK组、CP1、CP2、CP3可溶性糖含量为1.97%、2.05%、2.15%、2.09%(P<0.05)。结果表明,适当DBD-CP处理有效抑制可溶性糖的降解,从而延缓可溶性糖的消耗,对其品质保持具有积极的调控作用[28];CP3处理时间过长,产生过多的ROS物质,在高ROS胁迫下加速可溶性糖的消耗;CP1处理时间较短,产生ROS较少,抑制可溶性糖降解效果较差。
总酚和总黄酮是果蔬组织内产生的次生代谢产物,与果蔬的色泽、品质、风味、成熟衰老和抗逆性有密切关系[20]。如图4a所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组总酚含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。贮藏前期,由于甜龙竹笋组织受到机械损伤,激活苯丙烷代谢途径,PAL活性上升促进总酚合成[29],这与PAL活性的变化趋势一致;贮藏第18 d后,可能是组织细胞破裂,生理活动剧烈,总酚被迅速氧化和消耗,导致含量下降[30]。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组提高了6.07%、18.22%、13.08%(P<0.05)。结果表明,适当DBD-CP处理激活了其自身应答机制,刺激酚类物质生成,减缓总酚含量下降[31];CP3处理时间过长产生过多臭氧和单线态氧,裂解总酚物质骨架中的中心杂环,导致其含量降低[32];CP1处理时间较短,产生活性物质较少,抑制总酚的降解作用较弱。
图4b所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组呈先升高后降低的趋势。这归因于总黄酮是次生代谢产物,具有抗氧化作用,总黄酮有合成也有分解,当合成量大于分解量时,总黄酮被积累,含量上升;当分解量大于合成量,总黄酮被消耗,含量下降,这与申德省[20]研究的趋势变化一致。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组提高了5.66%、13.21%、9.43%(P<0.05)。结果表明,适当DBD-CP处理能够刺激参与苯丙烷代谢相关的酶活,抑制总黄酮的降解[31];CP3处理时间较长,产生过多活性物质,在强氧化条件下,ROS引起表皮组织层的侵蚀,使总黄酮暴露于ROS,导致其降解[33];CP1处理时间较短,产生的活性物质少,抑制总黄酮的降解作用较弱。
POD通过催化果蔬中过量H2O2分解,引起木质素单体的脱氢聚合反应,是木质素合成的关键酶[34];PPO通过催化酚类物质产生氧化反应,在竹笋褐变和木质化过程中发挥重要调控作用[35];PAL是苯丙烷代谢途径的关键限速酶,通过催化苯丙氨酸脱氨反应调控木质素、黄酮类和多酚类等次生代谢产物的合成[30];4CL是苯丙烷代谢途径的终端酶,是连接苯丙烷代谢与木质素单体合成的关键调控点。
图5a所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组POD活性呈先升高后降低的趋势。贮藏前期,可能是预处理过程中机械切割破坏了甜龙竹笋细胞膜系统的完整性,引发氧化应激反应,诱导POD活性升高[35];贮藏第12 d后,由于植物细胞内自由基大量产生,超过了植物自身的调节能力,抑制了POD活性[24]。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组下降了11.13、15.96、5.03 U/g(P<0.05),原因为CP2中的ROS与蛋白质侧链上的半胱氨酸和酪氨酸等氨基酸发生反应,导致酶活性丧失,从而抑制了POD活性,缓解酚类物质氧化,延缓甜龙竹笋发生木质化[23];CP1、CP3处理对POD活性有一定的抑制作用,但抑制效果与处理时间不成正比。
图5b所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组PPO活性呈先升高后降低的趋势。贮藏前期,由于在采摘或加工过程中,甜龙竹笋组织受到机械损伤或在不良贮藏条件下,导致PPO活性上升[35];贮藏第18 d后,可能是底物浓度减少及细胞膜氧化程度的改变,抑制了PPO活性[25]。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组下降了0.28、1.21、0.62 U/g(P<0.05),原因为CP2通过诱导ROS生成,导致甜龙竹笋切面的PPO降解和酶蛋白变性,从而抑制酶活性,减缓酚类物质氧化,降低组织褐变[23];CP1和CP3抑制效果不佳,这归因于DBD-CP对果蔬中PPO活性的作用效应存在差异,这种差异可能受到处理参数(频率、持续时间)和基质特性(组织类型、微观结构、孔隙度)等多重因素的协同影响[36]
图5c所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势。原因为新鲜植物组织中PAL活性初期通常呈现上升趋势,在逆境胁迫下,植物通过代谢调控产生肉桂酸、富马酸等次级代谢产物,这些产物的积累抑制PAL活性,导致其活性下降[8]。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组下降了1.99、7.19、5.81 U/g(P<0.05)。结果表明,适当DBD-CP处理有效抑制PAL活性,延缓酚类物质氧化,提高甜龙竹笋采后贮藏品质;甜龙竹笋组织对DBD-CP具有一定的耐受性,CP3处理时间较长,产生过量的活性物质,促进PAL活性升高;CP1处理时间较短,活性物质浓度低,抑制PAL活性效果较差。
图5d所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组4CL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势。贮藏前期,由于采摘后甜龙竹笋因环境变化及机械损伤产生应激反应,激活苯丙烷代谢途径,导致4CL活性上升;贮藏第18 d后,可能是生理活动逐渐减缓,苯丙烷代谢途径受到抑制,4CL活性下降,这与郑剑[19]研究的结果变化趋势基本一致。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组下降了3.17、4.41、1.81 U/g(P<0.05)。结果表明,适当DBD-CP处理有效抑制4CL活性的升高,延缓木质素的合成速率,以提高甜龙竹笋的贮藏品质;CP3处理时间较长,因活性物质过量引发氧化应激反应,导致4CL活性升高;CP1处理时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,抑制4CL活性效果较差。
果胶、纤维素是细胞壁结构的重要组成部分,决定着细胞壁的坚固性、解聚和细胞间的完整性。如图6a所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组果胶含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。贮藏前期,可能是甜龙竹笋细胞内果胶酶活性升高促进不溶性果胶向可溶性果胶转化,导致其含量增加[28];贮藏第18 d后,由于甜龙竹笋组织产生氧化应激反应引起膜损伤,导致细胞内容物渗漏,加快了果胶的解聚和溶解,含量下降。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组提高了23.61%、58.33%、44.44%(P<0.05)。结果表明,适当DBD-CP处理有效抑制甜龙竹笋组织产生氧化应激反应,减轻细胞膜损伤,延缓果胶降解;CP3处理时间过长,诱导氧化应激反应并造成表皮局部热损伤,导致细胞壁多糖结构被破坏,含量下降[37];CP1处理时间较短,抑制果胶含量合成的效果较弱。
图6b所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组纤维素含量呈上升的趋势。原因为甜龙竹笋组织受到机械损伤,导致笋体水分含量下降和营养物质流失,加速了纤维素的合成。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组下降了7.81、37.24、13.86 mg/g(P<0.05),可能是CP2处理抑制了细胞壁增厚和次生细胞壁形成,破坏了纤维素积累的环境,从而减缓其品质劣变[37];CP3处理时间过长导致活性物质过量积累,诱导细胞壁应激增厚,导致纤维素升高;CP1处理时间较短,活性物质生成量少,抑制纤维素含量合成的效果较差。
竹笋中木质素是以苯丙氨酸为前体物质经过酶促反应转化为木质素单体(对香豆醇、芥子醇、松柏醇等),这些中间产物在PAL、POD酶作用下发生莽草酸-苯丙烷酶促反应所形成[8]。如图7所示,随贮藏时间的延长,各组木质素含量呈上升趋势。原因为甜龙竹笋组织被破坏后产生氧化应激反应,诱导PAL、POD和4CL活性升高促进木质素合成,导致其含量上升[10]。贮藏第30 d时,CP1、CP2、CP3比CK组下降了0.54、0.68、0.55 mg/g(P<0.05)。结果表明,适当DBD-CP处理有效抑制木质素合成关键酶的活性,从而减少木质素积累,延缓组织发生木质化;CP3处理时间较长,活性物质积累量增加,在持续高ROS环境中引发氧化应激反应,激活木质素合成途径中的关键酶,导致其含量上升;CP1处理时间较短,活性物质生成量少,抑制木质素含量的合成效果较弱。
相关性分析可用于研究品质指标在贮藏期间整体变化规律和相互联系。如图8所示,在CK组中,贮藏时间与a*值、b*值、PPO、PAL、4CL、纤维素、木质素呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.001);CP1组中,贮藏时间与a*值、b*值、PPO、PAL、纤维素、木质素呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.001);CP2组中,贮藏时间与a*值、b*值、纤维素、木质素呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.001);CP3组中,贮藏时间与a*值、b*值、PPO、纤维素、木质素呈显著或极显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.001)。CK组、CP1组中,贮藏时间与L*值、可溶性蛋白、果胶呈极显著负相关(P<0.001);CP2、CP3组中,贮藏时间与L*值、可溶性蛋白呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上,鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏期间与各品质指标均存在着相关性,纤维素、木质素在不同处理条件下与贮藏时间呈极显著正相关,能更好地反映鲜切甜龙竹笋的贮藏品质。
为了对比不同处理与指标之间的关系,采用主成分分析法对鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏期间的品质指标进行分析。如图9所示,由因子载荷图可以看出可溶性糖、总酚、POD、4CL、PAL、PPO、b*值、a*值、纤维素、木质素在PCl轴有较高载荷,证明这些指标对第一主成分贡献大;L*值、可溶性蛋白、果胶、总黄酮在PC2轴有较高载荷,这些指标对第二主成分贡献大。基于主成分分析反映不同DBD-CP处理时间对甜龙竹笋保鲜稳定性的影响,且CP2置信圈最窄小,表明各指标在贮藏期间变化最小。
本试验采用不同时间的DBD-CP处理采后鲜切甜龙竹笋,研究了DBD-CP处理对鲜切甜龙竹笋贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,随贮藏时间的延长,DBD-CP处理提高了鲜切甜龙竹笋的亮度,降低了可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的流失,延缓总酚和总黄酮的消耗及果胶的降解,POD、PPO、PAL、4CL活性较低,纤维素和木质素的累积合成量较少。主成分分析显示60 V、50 s保鲜效果最佳。因此,利用适当时间的DBD-CP处理鲜切甜龙竹笋,对减缓其组织发生木质化,延长货架期具有重要意义。本研究为DBD-CP技术在鲜切甜龙竹笋及其它鲜切果蔬中的应用奠定理论基础,并为开发新的鲜切果蔬保鲜技术提供参考。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060004
  • 接收时间:2025-06-01
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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    1.西南林业大学生物与食品工程学院,云南昆明 650224
    2.云南省森林灾害预警与控制实验室,云南昆明 650224
    3.高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江管护局,云南怒江 673199

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范方宇(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农林产品加工,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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