Article(id=1261336281016033986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060231, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750262400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778655603889, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778655603889, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778655603889, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778655603889, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=33, endPage=42, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261336282983162573, articleId=1261336281016033986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Chicken Breeds on Quality Characteristics and Flavor Profiles of Xinjiang Roasted Chicken, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the moisture distribution, eating quality and flavor properties of Xinjiang-style roasted chicken made from different chicken breeds. Five chicken breeds from Xinjiang, namely Liangfenghua, Huangma, Suqinhuang, 817, and Hyline Brown, were selected as research subjects. A comprehensive analysis, including color, texture, water-holding capacity (WHC), moisture distribution, and volatile flavor compounds, was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of roasted chicken products made from five chicken breeds. Additionally, a multidimensional quality assessment was implemented using fuzzy mathematics-based sensory evaluation methodology. The results showed that Liangfenghua breed had superior water-holding capacity, with a 30.69% reduction in roasting loss relative to Suqinhuang breed. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) analysis demonstrated that Liangfenghua and 817 breeds contained higher levels of immobilized water, along with high and uniformly distributed hydrogen ion content, exhibiting stronger moisture retention capacity. Moreover, 817 and Liangfenghua breeds showed higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values, presenting a glossy and bright surface. Hyline Brown breed had a tight texture and significantly higher shear force (P<0.05), which was unfavorable for chewing. The comprehensive scores of the five roasted chicken products, based on the fuzzy mathematics sensory evaluation, were ranked as follows: 817 > Liangfenghua > Suqinhuang > Huangma > Hyline Brown. Among the 29 important volatile compounds identified from the five roasted chicken samples, methylpyrazine, 2-pentanone, pentanal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and α-pinene were served as the characteristic flavor compounds that distinguish roasted chicken from different breeds. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the selection of Xinjiang roasted chicken breeds, roasted chicken product quality regulation, and the modernization of ethnic meat processing technologies.

, correspAuthors=Huhu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wanling LI, Qing LI, Xin MA, Jiansheng HE, Xinglian XU, Huhu WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261336297117967214, articleId=1261336281016033986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同原料鸡品种对新疆特色烤鸡品质特性与风味的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文旨在研究不同品种原料制作的新疆特色烤鸡的水分分布、食用品质和风味特性。实验以良凤花、黄麻鸡、苏禽黄、817、海兰褐5种新疆区域原料鸡为研究对象,综合分析5种原料鸡制成烤鸡的色泽、质构、保水性、水分分布与挥发性风味物质,并结合模糊数学感官评价多维度融合评估了烤鸡品质。结果表明:良凤花品种烤鸡的保水性较好,烤制损失较苏禽黄品种降低30.69%。低场核磁结果表明,良凤花和817品种烤鸡的不易流动水含量较高,氢离子含量高且分布均匀,表现出更强的水分保持能力。817和良凤花品种烤鸡的红度值和黄度值均较高,表面具有光泽,色泽鲜亮;海兰褐品种烤鸡质地紧实,剪切力较高(P<0.05),不利于咀嚼。基于模糊数学感官评估得到5种烤鸡的综合得分排序为:817>良凤花>苏禽黄>黄麻鸡>海兰褐。从5种烤鸡中鉴定分析出的29种重要挥发性化合物中发现,甲基吡嗪、2-戊酮、戊醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、α-蒎烯等是区分不同品种烤鸡的特征风味物质。该研究为新疆烤鸡原料的品种优选、产品品质调控及民族肉品工艺现代化改造提供了理论依据。

, correspAuthors=王虎虎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王虎虎(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0003−1688−7948),男,博士,教授,研究方向:肉品质量安全控制,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NVTEFxqh9HUWmLD0bFtYWA==, magXml=IRX3Tk5bb0ml/45APFlxDw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tX2Ry9BG07vZLtg/wW/n8g==, pdfFileSize=2992459, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3fz3Kn1y68NtDhz9MY9BKw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kBEyoiOLscNLdk7zcP2vIg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李宛玲(2001−)(ORCID:0009−0004−0887−9790),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品质量安全控制,E-mail:

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Modern Food Science and Technology, 2024, 40(6): 243−251., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261336298342703996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261336298405618557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, companyId=1261336298342703996, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource Creation, Nanjing 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261336298468533118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, companyId=1261336298342703996, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京农业大学食品科技学院,肉品质量控制与新资源创制全国重点实验室,江苏南京 210000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261336299668104065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261336299689075588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, companyId=1261336299668104065, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261336299814904711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, companyId=1261336299668104065, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261336300402107280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261336300473410451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, companyId=1261336300402107280, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Kezhou Tycoon Food Company Limited, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture 845350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261336300527936406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, companyId=1261336300402107280, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.克州泰昆食品有限公司,新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 845350)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1261336327707025509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different breeds on the center temperature changes of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken during roasting, figureFileSmall=5qIWzPrYaBv3/myF9qI/3A==, figureFileBig=3fz3Kn1y68NtDhz9MY9BKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336328273256559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=图1, caption=原料品种对新疆特色烤鸡烤制中心温度的影响, figureFileSmall=5qIWzPrYaBv3/myF9qI/3A==, figureFileBig=3fz3Kn1y68NtDhz9MY9BKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336330945028222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different breeds on the product yield (A) and cooking loss (B) of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken, figureFileSmall=hqR6XYZ4lCXoa0hGwJR18w==, figureFileBig=k2LRP7qJsgKck4lCwV2u+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336331158937729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=图2, caption=原料品种对新疆特色烤鸡产品得率(A)和烤制损失(B)的影响

注:大写字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05,n=5),图3同。

, figureFileSmall=hqR6XYZ4lCXoa0hGwJR18w==, figureFileBig=k2LRP7qJsgKck4lCwV2u+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336331813249160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different breeds on transverse relaxation time (A) and peak area proportions (B) of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken, figureFileSmall=a9uPG0vObhiuPux3g8N6nQ==, figureFileBig=A8iomHlPh+R3wqaxrzsNkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336331968438413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=图3, caption=原料品种对新疆烤鸡的横向弛豫时间(A)和峰面积比例(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=a9uPG0vObhiuPux3g8N6nQ==, figureFileBig=A8iomHlPh+R3wqaxrzsNkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336332354314384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different breeds on the H-nuclear density of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken, figureFileSmall=gSe3KRanhDRYLHvKUJSSLA==, figureFileBig=VjWhmSH1uzaau6oQIPr6/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336332857630868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=图4, caption=原料品种对新疆特色烤鸡氢离子密度图的影响

注:同一列标号数字不同,表示三次重复(n=3)。

, figureFileSmall=gSe3KRanhDRYLHvKUJSSLA==, figureFileBig=VjWhmSH1uzaau6oQIPr6/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336333168009372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Fingerprint spectrum of volatile components in different breeds Xinjiang specialty roast chicken, figureFileSmall=ERL1SmhRJEaUCizm2z+SiQ==, figureFileBig=20/tPTweMPm/RfxkF9gADw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336333595828383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同品种新疆特色烤鸡挥发性物质的指纹图谱, figureFileSmall=ERL1SmhRJEaUCizm2z+SiQ==, figureFileBig=20/tPTweMPm/RfxkF9gADw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336335583928485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Principal component analysis of volatile components in different breeds Xinjiang specialty roast chicken, figureFileSmall=lMSopBYOLoeRsv4yqIlZTQ==, figureFileBig=fL22F0Fm2ZGJCWRtvOuT6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336335978193067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同品种新疆特色烤鸡挥发性物质的主成分分析, figureFileSmall=lMSopBYOLoeRsv4yqIlZTQ==, figureFileBig=fL22F0Fm2ZGJCWRtvOuT6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336336087244974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of different breeds on the sensory evaluation of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken, figureFileSmall=5DeCQb/nSHmaAwiQSu72Cw==, figureFileBig=U9PXHaNEABc9bWt8lo0s1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336336485703860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=图7, caption=原料品种对新疆特色烤鸡感官评价的影响, figureFileSmall=5DeCQb/nSHmaAwiQSu72Cw==, figureFileBig=U9PXHaNEABc9bWt8lo0s1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261336336611532983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Proportion of marinade ingredients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配料名称味精绵白糖食用盐老抽料酒复合干料料水
注:干料为复合香辛料与辣椒籽混合物。
比例(%)15.2515.2516.958.471.691.6940.68
), ArticleFig(id=1261336336938688701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

腌料配料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配料名称味精绵白糖食用盐老抽料酒复合干料料水
注:干料为复合香辛料与辣椒籽混合物。
比例(%)15.2515.2516.958.471.691.6940.68
), ArticleFig(id=1261336337362313411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory score standard of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标评分标准(分)
优(100)良(75)中(50)差(25)
色泽外表呈现金黄色、均匀完整、光泽感好外表呈现均匀的淡黄色或浅褐色、光泽感较好外表较不均匀,光泽感较差、焦糊感外表呈不均匀的黄褐色,焦糊油腻感强
风味烤鸡固有风味浓郁持久、无异味烤鸡固有风味较浓、无异味烤鸡固有风味较淡、略带血腥味或脂肪味等异味烤鸡固有风味淡、血腥味或脂肪味等异味较重
质地质地均匀、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性适宜质地较均匀,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性较好质地较均匀,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性一般质地不均匀,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性差
口感肉质紧实,软硬适中,内部滑嫩多汁、咀嚼性好,口感好肉质较紧实,外皮酥脆、内部滑嫩多汁、咀嚼性较好,口感较好肉质较软烂或硬紧实,略带汁水、咀嚼性较差,口感较差肉质糜烂或过硬,干柴多汁性差、口感较差
总体程度很喜欢比较喜欢不喜欢但能接受不喜欢
), ArticleFig(id=1261336337488142535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新疆特色烤鸡感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标评分标准(分)
优(100)良(75)中(50)差(25)
色泽外表呈现金黄色、均匀完整、光泽感好外表呈现均匀的淡黄色或浅褐色、光泽感较好外表较不均匀,光泽感较差、焦糊感外表呈不均匀的黄褐色,焦糊油腻感强
风味烤鸡固有风味浓郁持久、无异味烤鸡固有风味较浓、无异味烤鸡固有风味较淡、略带血腥味或脂肪味等异味烤鸡固有风味淡、血腥味或脂肪味等异味较重
质地质地均匀、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性适宜质地较均匀,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性较好质地较均匀,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性一般质地不均匀,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性差
口感肉质紧实,软硬适中,内部滑嫩多汁、咀嚼性好,口感好肉质较紧实,外皮酥脆、内部滑嫩多汁、咀嚼性较好,口感较好肉质较软烂或硬紧实,略带汁水、咀嚼性较差,口感较差肉质糜烂或过硬,干柴多汁性差、口感较差
总体程度很喜欢比较喜欢不喜欢但能接受不喜欢
), ArticleFig(id=1261336338188591312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different breeds on the chromatism of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别L*a*b*
注:同列字母不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05,n=5),表4同。
MG40.69±4.02c21.11±3.17a13.05±5.83b
LR43.82±3.38ab20.77±2.44a20.00±5.92a
817R46.18±3.73a20.95±1.83a19.54±6.78a
SR43.31±2.36b21.51±1.98a19.70±4.62a
HD44.92±1.88ab18.28±1.69b12.51±2.74b
), ArticleFig(id=1261336339912450259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

原料品种对新疆特色烤鸡色差的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别L*a*b*
注:同列字母不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05,n=5),表4同。
MG40.69±4.02c21.11±3.17a13.05±5.83b
LR43.82±3.38ab20.77±2.44a20.00±5.92a
817R46.18±3.73a20.95±1.83a19.54±6.78a
SR43.31±2.36b21.51±1.98a19.70±4.62a
HD44.92±1.88ab18.28±1.69b12.51±2.74b
), ArticleFig(id=1261336340747116760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different breeds on the texture of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别硬度(g)弹性(mm)凝聚力(N/m2黏性(Pa/s)咀嚼性(N·mm)回复性(N)剪切力(N)
MG1356.71±195.749d0.436±0.081d0.532±0.072a713.606±81.542d312.08±71.22d0.205±0.053ab19.54±4.61c
LR3044.55±270.765b0.606±0.037ab0.511±0.021ab1552.98±125.127b942.27±111.79b0.216±0.008ab20.28±5.04bc
817R1865.34±232.048c0.498±0.039cd0.498±0.043ab924.205±102.53cd462.08±74.37cd0.216±0.017ab23.43±3.88b
SR2208.79±130.836c0.546±0.032bc0.447±0.059b983.187±116.987c535.13±60.36c0.173±0.018b12.53±4.51d
HD3442.38±370.839a0.676±0.041a0.577±0.043a1988.14±287.154a1347.43±248.02a0.237±0.032a29.93±8.24a
), ArticleFig(id=1261336341107826910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

原料品种对新疆特色烤鸡质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别硬度(g)弹性(mm)凝聚力(N/m2黏性(Pa/s)咀嚼性(N·mm)回复性(N)剪切力(N)
MG1356.71±195.749d0.436±0.081d0.532±0.072a713.606±81.542d312.08±71.22d0.205±0.053ab19.54±4.61c
LR3044.55±270.765b0.606±0.037ab0.511±0.021ab1552.98±125.127b942.27±111.79b0.216±0.008ab20.28±5.04bc
817R1865.34±232.048c0.498±0.039cd0.498±0.043ab924.205±102.53cd462.08±74.37cd0.216±0.017ab23.43±3.88b
SR2208.79±130.836c0.546±0.032bc0.447±0.059b983.187±116.987c535.13±60.36c0.173±0.018b12.53±4.51d
HD3442.38±370.839a0.676±0.041a0.577±0.043a1988.14±287.154a1347.43±248.02a0.237±0.032a29.93±8.24a
), ArticleFig(id=1261336341296570596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Qualitative results of volatile compounds in 5 breeds of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
挥发性化合物英文名称分子式分子量(Da)保留指数RI保留时间Rt(s)迁移时间Dt(ms)
醛类2-甲基丙醛2-MethylpropanalC4H8O72.1772.6207.1311.3014
戊醛PentanalC5H10O86.1747.1191.6481.4145
丙醛PropanalC3H6O58.1801.4226.6051.0624
(E)-2-壬烯醛(E)-2-NonenalC9H16O140.21129.6719.3911.9616
(E)-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-octenalC8H14O126.21042.4519.9851.8381
壬醛n-NonanalC9H18O142.21129.8719.9481.4829
苯乙醛PhenylacetaldehydeC8H8O120.21031.9500.4491.2645
(E)-2-庚烯醛(E)-2-heptenalC7H12O112.2947.5369.6181.6733
酮类2,3-戊二酮2,3-pentanedioneC5H8O2100.11064563.2841.2944
2-戊酮2-pentanoneC5H10O86.1660.1149.5261.1294
甲基异丁基酮Methyl isobutyl ketoneC6H12O100.2740187.661.1817
2-庚酮2-heptanoneC7H14O114.2833.7251.3141.2615
2-己酮2-HexanoneC6H12O100.2793.4220.9611.192
2-辛酮2-OctanoneC8H16O128.2950.4373.4391.3381
醇类2-乙基-1-己醇2-Ethyl-1-hexanolC8H18O130.21037.8511.4411.405
2-甲基-1-戊醇2-Methyl-1-pentanolC6H14O102.2848.2263.5871.5741
2-辛醇2-OctanolC8H18O130.21023.1484.5381.4501
(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-C6H12O100.2832.8250.6411.5194
1-辛烯-3-醇1-octen-3-olC8H16O128.2949371.6721.7112
酯类乙酸丙酯propyl acetateC5H10O2102.11005.4454.4981.1587
丁酸乙酯ethyl butanoateC6H12O2116.2780.1211.981.4388
丁酸丙酯propyl butanoateC7H14O2130.2896.3309.6771.266
乙酸己酯Hexyl acetateC8H16O2144.21024.1486.3791.3968
吡嗪类三甲基吡嗪trimethylpyrazineC7H10N2122.21016.9473.871.1684
甲基吡嗪methylpyrazineC5H6N294.1822.5242.4321.4152
萜烯类α-蒎烯alpha-PineneC10H16136.2934.6353.3751.6471
呋喃类2-乙基呋喃2-ethylfuranC6H8O96.1710.9172.2891.2987
酸类丙酸Propanoic acidC3H6O274.1698.8166.4361.2516
乙酸Acetic acidC2H4O260.1634.8139.8331.0567
), ArticleFig(id=1261336341690835178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

5种品种烤鸡的挥发性化合物定性结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
挥发性化合物英文名称分子式分子量(Da)保留指数RI保留时间Rt(s)迁移时间Dt(ms)
醛类2-甲基丙醛2-MethylpropanalC4H8O72.1772.6207.1311.3014
戊醛PentanalC5H10O86.1747.1191.6481.4145
丙醛PropanalC3H6O58.1801.4226.6051.0624
(E)-2-壬烯醛(E)-2-NonenalC9H16O140.21129.6719.3911.9616
(E)-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-octenalC8H14O126.21042.4519.9851.8381
壬醛n-NonanalC9H18O142.21129.8719.9481.4829
苯乙醛PhenylacetaldehydeC8H8O120.21031.9500.4491.2645
(E)-2-庚烯醛(E)-2-heptenalC7H12O112.2947.5369.6181.6733
酮类2,3-戊二酮2,3-pentanedioneC5H8O2100.11064563.2841.2944
2-戊酮2-pentanoneC5H10O86.1660.1149.5261.1294
甲基异丁基酮Methyl isobutyl ketoneC6H12O100.2740187.661.1817
2-庚酮2-heptanoneC7H14O114.2833.7251.3141.2615
2-己酮2-HexanoneC6H12O100.2793.4220.9611.192
2-辛酮2-OctanoneC8H16O128.2950.4373.4391.3381
醇类2-乙基-1-己醇2-Ethyl-1-hexanolC8H18O130.21037.8511.4411.405
2-甲基-1-戊醇2-Methyl-1-pentanolC6H14O102.2848.2263.5871.5741
2-辛醇2-OctanolC8H18O130.21023.1484.5381.4501
(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-C6H12O100.2832.8250.6411.5194
1-辛烯-3-醇1-octen-3-olC8H16O128.2949371.6721.7112
酯类乙酸丙酯propyl acetateC5H10O2102.11005.4454.4981.1587
丁酸乙酯ethyl butanoateC6H12O2116.2780.1211.981.4388
丁酸丙酯propyl butanoateC7H14O2130.2896.3309.6771.266
乙酸己酯Hexyl acetateC8H16O2144.21024.1486.3791.3968
吡嗪类三甲基吡嗪trimethylpyrazineC7H10N2122.21016.9473.871.1684
甲基吡嗪methylpyrazineC5H6N294.1822.5242.4321.4152
萜烯类α-蒎烯alpha-PineneC10H16136.2934.6353.3751.6471
呋喃类2-乙基呋喃2-ethylfuranC6H8O96.1710.9172.2891.2987
酸类丙酸Propanoic acidC3H6O274.1698.8166.4361.2516
乙酸Acetic acidC2H4O260.1634.8139.8331.0567
), ArticleFig(id=1261336341971853548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261336281016033986, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Statistics of sensory evaluation votes of different breeds of Xinjiang specialty roast chicken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别色泽风味质地口感总体喜爱度模糊感官得分(分)
V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4
MG011313102038313642294070.67
LR9420663094206720852084.0
817R114007530681041100861085.33
SR393074402103029401140077.30
HD01050176103840375067252.33
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原料品种对新疆特色烤鸡模糊数学感官评价的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别色泽风味质地口感总体喜爱度模糊感官得分(分)
V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4V1V2V3V4
MG011313102038313642294070.67
LR9420663094206720852084.0
817R114007530681041100861085.33
SR393074402103029401140077.30
HD01050176103840375067252.33
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不同原料鸡品种对新疆特色烤鸡品质特性与风味的影响
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李宛玲 1 , 李青 2 , 马欣 2 , 贺建生 3 , 徐幸莲 1 , 王虎虎 *, 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(9): 33-42
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食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026, 47(9): 33-42
不同原料鸡品种对新疆特色烤鸡品质特性与风味的影响
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李宛玲1 , 李青2, 马欣2, 贺建生3, 徐幸莲1, 王虎虎*, 1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.南京农业大学食品科技学院,肉品质量控制与新资源创制全国重点实验室,江苏南京 210000
  • 2.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 3.克州泰昆食品有限公司,新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 845350
  • 李宛玲(2001−)(ORCID:0009−0004−0887−9790),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品质量安全控制,E-mail:

通讯作者:

王虎虎(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0003−1688−7948),男,博士,教授,研究方向:肉品质量安全控制,E-mail:
Effect of Chicken Breeds on Quality Characteristics and Flavor Profiles of Xinjiang Roasted Chicken
Wanling LI1 , Qing LI2, Xin MA2, Jiansheng HE3, Xinglian XU1, Huhu WANG*, 1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource Creation, Nanjing 210000, China
  • 2.College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
  • 3.Kezhou Tycoon Food Company Limited, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture 845350, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060231
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本文旨在研究不同品种原料制作的新疆特色烤鸡的水分分布、食用品质和风味特性。实验以良凤花、黄麻鸡、苏禽黄、817、海兰褐5种新疆区域原料鸡为研究对象,综合分析5种原料鸡制成烤鸡的色泽、质构、保水性、水分分布与挥发性风味物质,并结合模糊数学感官评价多维度融合评估了烤鸡品质。结果表明:良凤花品种烤鸡的保水性较好,烤制损失较苏禽黄品种降低30.69%。低场核磁结果表明,良凤花和817品种烤鸡的不易流动水含量较高,氢离子含量高且分布均匀,表现出更强的水分保持能力。817和良凤花品种烤鸡的红度值和黄度值均较高,表面具有光泽,色泽鲜亮;海兰褐品种烤鸡质地紧实,剪切力较高(P<0.05),不利于咀嚼。基于模糊数学感官评估得到5种烤鸡的综合得分排序为:817>良凤花>苏禽黄>黄麻鸡>海兰褐。从5种烤鸡中鉴定分析出的29种重要挥发性化合物中发现,甲基吡嗪、2-戊酮、戊醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、α-蒎烯等是区分不同品种烤鸡的特征风味物质。该研究为新疆烤鸡原料的品种优选、产品品质调控及民族肉品工艺现代化改造提供了理论依据。

新疆烤鸡  /  品种  /  风味  /  保水性  /  感官评价

This study aimed to investigate the moisture distribution, eating quality and flavor properties of Xinjiang-style roasted chicken made from different chicken breeds. Five chicken breeds from Xinjiang, namely Liangfenghua, Huangma, Suqinhuang, 817, and Hyline Brown, were selected as research subjects. A comprehensive analysis, including color, texture, water-holding capacity (WHC), moisture distribution, and volatile flavor compounds, was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics of roasted chicken products made from five chicken breeds. Additionally, a multidimensional quality assessment was implemented using fuzzy mathematics-based sensory evaluation methodology. The results showed that Liangfenghua breed had superior water-holding capacity, with a 30.69% reduction in roasting loss relative to Suqinhuang breed. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) analysis demonstrated that Liangfenghua and 817 breeds contained higher levels of immobilized water, along with high and uniformly distributed hydrogen ion content, exhibiting stronger moisture retention capacity. Moreover, 817 and Liangfenghua breeds showed higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values, presenting a glossy and bright surface. Hyline Brown breed had a tight texture and significantly higher shear force (P<0.05), which was unfavorable for chewing. The comprehensive scores of the five roasted chicken products, based on the fuzzy mathematics sensory evaluation, were ranked as follows: 817 > Liangfenghua > Suqinhuang > Huangma > Hyline Brown. Among the 29 important volatile compounds identified from the five roasted chicken samples, methylpyrazine, 2-pentanone, pentanal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and α-pinene were served as the characteristic flavor compounds that distinguish roasted chicken from different breeds. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the selection of Xinjiang roasted chicken breeds, roasted chicken product quality regulation, and the modernization of ethnic meat processing technologies.

Xinjiang specialty roast chicken  /  breeds  /  flavor  /  water holding capacity  /  sensory evaluation
李宛玲, 李青, 马欣, 贺建生, 徐幸莲, 王虎虎. 不同原料鸡品种对新疆特色烤鸡品质特性与风味的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 33 -42 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060231
Wanling LI, Qing LI, Xin MA, Jiansheng HE, Xinglian XU, Huhu WANG. Effect of Chicken Breeds on Quality Characteristics and Flavor Profiles of Xinjiang Roasted Chicken[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 33 -42 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060231
烤鸡作为我国著名传统美食之一,因其独特的风味和出色的适口性享誉全国。新疆是我国重要的畜禽养殖和特色肉制品加工基地,其烤鸡以独特的香料配方和传统烤制工艺闻名,具有鲜明的地域特色。据统计,2022年仅南疆四地州新疆特色烤鸡消费量就突破了25000吨,市场需求强劲。新疆烤鸡的加工工艺主要由腌制工艺和烤制工艺所组成[1],新疆特色烤鸡在传统腌制工艺基础上,创新性引入本地特色香辛料复配辅料辅助腌制。经过馕坑或电烤制后,产品外皮酥脆、肉质鲜嫩,同时复配香辛料能赋予烤鸡独特的风味和口感[2],因此特色烤鸡也成为了新疆本地的一种独特美食,深受各民族消费者青睐。
除工艺外,肉制品的风味与品质也高度依赖于原料肉的品种特性,选用优质的肉鸡原料也是新疆特色烤鸡肉质鲜嫩、风味浓郁的重要原因之一。不同品种肉鸡中乳酸、鹅氨酸、肌酸、肌苷酸等水溶性低分子量化合物和脂肪酸的差异会导致其熬制鸡汤的风味化合物组成特性差异[3],进而影响整体风味。杨娴婧等[4]进一步指出,鸡肉风味物质的种类和含量与肌肉氨基酸及营养组分密切相关。肌苷酸作为鲜味物质的关键前体,与脂肪酸的氧化降解产物共同构成了肉制品的特征风味[56]。其中,不饱和脂肪酸组成的差异会直接影响烤制过程中挥发性风味物质(醛类、酮类)的生成,导致不同品种烤鸡的风味分化[78]。此外,品种差异通过肌纤维特性和肌肉化学成分影响鸡肉的食用品质。李龙等[9]对比7种鸡品种发现,黄羽肉鸡因较高的红度值、较低的亮度值及较低的肌内脂肪,形成了独特的肉质特性;对比不同品种鸡的肌纤维特性,三黄鸡因适宜的肌纤维直径和密度表现出更佳嫩度和肉品质[10]。新疆作为我国重要的畜牧业基地,拥有丰富的禽类种质资源,独特的地理环境和饲养方式赋予了当地鸡种优异的肉质特性。然而,目前针对原料鸡品种对烤鸡品质的影响尚未系统研究,不同品种鸡的理化特性、加工适宜性及烤制后品质差异尚不明确,限制了烤鸡工艺的精准优化与产品标准化生产。
本研究以新疆地区培育的良凤花鸡、海兰褐鸡、黄麻鸡及市场常见的817和苏禽黄鸡制成的烤鸡为研究对象,通过测定其烤制后的特征理化指标,分析不同品种烤鸡的出品率、色泽、质构特性、嫩度及水分分布的差异,并采用气相-离子迁移谱(Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry,GC-IMS)技术检测烤鸡的挥发性风味,明确不同品种间风味物质差异,旨在为新疆特色烤鸡原料的品种优选和产品品质调控提供科学依据,为科学描述不同品种原料制成烤鸡感官差异提供理论支持,为民族肉品工艺现代化改造奠定基础。
良凤花鸡(LR,54~57日龄,1.5±0.2 kg净重)、黄麻鸡(MG,65~70日龄,2.3±0.2 kg净重)、海兰褐鸡(HD,290~310日龄,1.3±0.2 kg净重) 新疆某大型食品有限公司;817肉杂鸡(817R,45~50日龄,1.4±0.1 kg净重)、苏禽黄鸡(SR,70~75日龄,1.4±0.1 kg净重) 某大型牧业股份有限公司;本实验所用不同品种原料鸡均为正常出栏日龄;食盐、绵白糖、味精、料酒、老抽等材料 购于江苏南京苏果超市;C4~C9正酮标准品 色谱纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
LT1001C电子天平 成都市宜邦科析仪器有限公司;ESK125真空滚揉机 德国Vakona Gmbh公司;SL-RF120H多功能烤箱 广州金麦德有限公司;K86探针中心温度计 广东美德时仪器仪表有限公司;MinoltaCR-400便携式色差仪 日本柯尼卡公司;C-LM3B数显式肌肉嫩度仪 东北农业大学工程学院;NiumagPQ001核磁共振成像分析仪 上海纽迈电子科技有限公司;TA-XT plus质构仪 英国Stab Micro System 公司;Flavour Spec®气相离子迁移色谱仪 德国G.A.S.公司。
将复合香辛料包、辣椒籽、凉水按比例(3:1:80)称重混匀,160 ℃熬至沸腾维持30 min,冷却后用作腌制料水,并按比例调配腌料(表1)。
按照鸡肉:腌料=1000:59比例将鸡肉和腌料放入真空滚揉机进行间歇滚揉,滚揉条件设置:温度4 ℃,真空度80 kPa,转速4 r/min,转桶倾角5°;滚揉总时长60 min,其中滚揉45 min,间歇15 min。
滚揉腌制后剔除鸡身多余油脂和内脏杂物,去除头部和爪部,沿胸劈开。烤箱提前200 ℃预热10 min,180 ℃烤制,使用中心温度计监控烤鸡内部温度,统一烤制条件,中心温度达到80 ℃时取出用于各项实验指标的测定。
参考Liu等[11]的实验方法,采用温度记录仪进行测定。将温度记录仪的探针插入鸡肉的中心部位,采样间隔30 s,温度范围为4~80 ℃,监测整个烤制过程的温度变化,控制中心温度不超过80 ℃。
参照尹家琪等[12]的实验方法,稍作改动。对滚揉腌制前的鸡进行称重(m0),腌制后去除不可食部分,放入烤箱中180 ℃至中心温度80 ℃,烤制结束后迅速取出冷却至室温,用吸油纸吸去表面油脂并称重(m1)。按式(1)计算产品得率。
$ \rm 产品得率({\text{%}})= \frac{{m}_{1}}{{m}_{0}} \times 100 $
式中:m0为鸡腌制前去除表面水分的质量,g;m1为鸡烤至80 ℃后冷却并吸去表面油脂的质量,g。
参照Li等[13]的实验方法,稍作改动。滚揉腌制后去除不可食用部分并擦去表面腌制液,烤制前对鸡进行称重(m2),烤制后取出烤鸡样品,用吸油纸吸去表面的油脂后称重(m1)。按式(2)计算烤制损失。
$ \rm 烤制损失({\text{%}})= \frac{{m}_{2}-{m}_{1}}{{m}_{2}} \times 100 $
式中:m2为烤制前样品的质量,g;m1为样品烤制后去除表面油脂与水分后的质量,g。
参照Wang等[14]的方法,稍作改动。将烤制后的样品沿鸡胸肌纤维切成尺寸为1 cm×1 cm×3 cm的长方体肉块,预热仪器并使用序列校正仪器参数,采用Carr-Purcell-Meiom-Gill(CPMG)脉冲序列测定样品的弛豫时间,具体设置参数如下:SW=200 kHz,SF=40 MHz,RFD=0.05 ms,RG1=20.0 db, P1=7.0 us,DRG1=3,TD=450044,PRG=1,TW=4000 ms,NS=4,反演方法为SIRT,迭代次数为1×106
参照Lian等[15]的方法,使用核磁共振成像分析仪确定烤鸡内部水分的空间分布。将烤制后的鸡胸肉样品切成尺寸为1 cm×1 cm×1 cm的正方体肉块,用保鲜膜包裹防止水分流失,然后放入仪器随附的半圆柱形塑料管中用于测量。MRI序列参数设置:TR=600 ms,TE=20 ms,Averages=4,Read size=256,Phase size=192,Echo Position=50%,RG=20 dB,PRG=1,DRG=5 dB,Phase Encoding Duration=3 ms,Sweep width=20 kHz。使用图像评估软件分析获取的灰度图像,调整信噪比然后进行伪彩色处理。
参照Hui等[16]的实验方法,烤制后烤鸡样品冷却至室温,擦去表面多余油脂,使用带有D56光源和8 mm测量孔径的便携式色差仪对烤鸡表面进行色泽测定。测定前用标准白板(Y=94.0,x=0.3156,y=0.3321)进行色差仪的校准,选择烤鸡样品颜色均匀部分,将色差仪垂直于烤鸡表面对颜色(亮度L*、红度a*及黄度b*)进行测定。
参考Guo等[17]的方法对烤鸡进行质构剖面分析,略作改动。将烤制后鸡胸沿肌纤维方向切成尺寸为1 cm×1 cm×1 cm的块状样品,室温下用质构仪进行分析,选择P/50探头。参数设定:测前速度1 mm∙s−1;测中速度5 mm∙s−1;测后速度5 mm∙s−1,压缩比50%,触发力5 g,测试间隔时间2 s。
将烤制后鸡胸沿肌纤维方向切成尺寸为1 cm×1 cm×3 cm的肉块,使用嫩度仪测定肌肉嫩度,沿垂直于肌原纤维方向剪切肉样,记录最大剪切力值以表征嫩度,结果表示为N。
参考Liu等[18]的研究方法并稍作改动。称取3.0 g烤鸡样品放入20 mL顶空瓶进行GC-IMS分析,采用自动顶空进样方式。进样条件设置:顶空孵育温度60 ℃;孵育时间15 min;孵育转速500 r/min;顶空进样针温度80 ℃;进样量500 µL。GC条件设置;色谱柱FS-SE-54-CB-1柱(15 m×0.53 mm,1 µm);柱温60 ℃;分析时间30 min;以高纯氮气(纯度≥99.999%)作载气;柱流速初始为2 mL/min,保持2 min,在10 min内增加至10 mL/min,并在20 min内线性增加至50 mL/min,20~30 min柱流速线性增加至150 mL/min;分析物在60 ℃的色谱柱上分离,使用具有6.5 keV 氚电离源的IMS电离室以正离子模式电离;漂移气体流速150 mL/min;漂移气为高纯氮气(纯度≥ 99.999%);漂移管温度45 ℃。
通过保留指数(Retention Index,RI)和迁移时间,与GC-IMS数据库比对定性分析挥发性化合物,并使用正酮C4~C9(2-丁酮、2-戊酮、2-己酮、2-庚酮、2-辛酮、2-壬酮)参考计算挥发性化合物的保留指数(RI),作为外标进行验证。相关计算公式(3)如下:
$ \rm RI=100n+\frac{100\times ({\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{x}}-{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{n}})}{{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{n}+1}-{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{n}}} $
式中:tx为化合物x的保留时间,s;tn和tn+1分别为正酮n和正酮n+1的保留时间,s(tn<tx<tn+1)。
根据张杰等[19]和时振华等[20]的方法,感官评价小组由15名(7男、8女)感官阈值高、色香味分辨能力强的食品专业成员组成。将不同品种鸡烤制后置于白色餐盘中,对样品随机编号、随机摆放,感官评价人员对比分析样品色泽、风味、质地、口感,具体评价细则如表2所示。参评人员需在测试前1 h禁止进食,并避免摄入烟草及酒精类制品。样品评价时,评估者在不吞咽的条件下进行充分咀嚼。两个样品之间需用室温纯净水漱口,并间隔5 min后再进行下一个样品的评价。
各因素实际上是被评判对象的各种属性或性能,本试验中,评价新疆特色烤鸡的感官质量,以色香味形为基本参考,确定了由5项指标组成的因素集U,U={U1(色泽),U2(风味),U3(质地),U4(口感),U5(总体喜爱程度)}。
在本研究中,确定感官质量划分为四个等级,评语集V={V1(优),V2(良),V3(中),V4(差)}。赋值优为100分,良为75分,中为50分,差为25分,即V={100,75,50,25}。
根据被评价因素对总体评价结果的影响重要程度,合理分配权重,确定权重向量集X。在本实验中,根据归一化原则,采用强制决定法确定了烤鸡的权重集合X={X1,X2,X3,X4,X5}=(0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2),表示在评价过程中每个因素的重要性是相等的。
15位品评人员对新疆特色烤鸡进行了感官评价,收集数据,对每一个被评价的因素建立一个从U到V的模糊关系矩阵R,从而得出单因素的评价集,即:
$ \rm R_{i}= \left[\begin{matrix}{\mathrm{r}}_{11} & \cdots & {\mathrm{r}}_{1\mathrm{n}}\\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ {\mathrm{r}}_{\mathrm{m}1} & \cdots & {\mathrm{r}}_{\text{mn}}\\ \end{matrix}\right] $
式中,i为烤鸡样品的编号,元素rmn表示从因素um到该因素的评判结果vn的隶属程度。rmn中m为5项质量评价指标:色泽、风味、质地、口感、总体喜爱程度;n为4个质量等级:优、良、中、差。
食品感官指标的综合评判,是权重集与模糊矩阵的综合,一般用Y来表示,即Yi=X×Ri。烤鸡样品的模糊综合评价总分最后通过Si=Yi×V计算。
使用IBM SPSS Statistics 27进行统计分析,采用Duncan多重比较,设定在95%置信水平下,则P<0.05表示差异显著。使用Origin2021(OriginLab Corporation, MA, USA)作图,结果用平均值±标准差(Standard deviation,SD)的方式表示。
图1温度曲线反映了在烤制期间肉鸡中心温度与时间的关系。针对不同品种间存在的个体差异,采用中心温度监控烤鸡的温度变化,统一烤制条件为中心温度达80 ℃达到良好食用状态[21]。结果显示,MG品种烤制时间最长达35.5 min,其余四个品种时间相近,平均为26 min。这主要是因为MG的体型显著大于其他品种[22],胸肌和腿肌束结合紧实,结缔组织较多,脂肪层较薄,烤制软化所需时间更长。这也可能与其日龄较长有关[23],MG的肌肉纤维粗硬,肌束膜更发达,胶原蛋白质量分数较高。在15~20 min阶段,SR品种的中心温度曲线显现出先增长后平缓的趋势。这可能是因为SR品种肌肉纤维更细,肌内脂肪分布更均匀,导热效率更高,热量更快传递至中心[24],使得肌球蛋白急性变形收缩,肌肉纤维收缩。
烤鸡的保水性是质量品质评价的关键因素之一,产品得率可直接影响经济效应,同时烤制损失也可以直接反映产品保水性。由图2A可知,817R品种的产品得率最高,可达到63.12%,LR和MG次之,SR和HD的产品得率显著低于其他三个品种(P<0.05)。不同品种间的烤制损失也表现出显著差异(图2B)。SR和HD的烤制损失显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),其中LR的烤制损失仅19.02%,比SR降低30.69%。由此可见,LR、MG和817R具有更强的水分保持能力,且对应产品得率也较高。不同品种烤鸡保水性差异可能是由肌肉组成和纤维结构差异引起的,有研究表明,肌肉在烤制过程中收缩剧烈,肌原纤维蛋白变性,变性后蛋白释放水分,导致肌肉萎缩和体重减轻。而肌内脂肪在高温下融化,润滑肌纤维,也可在一定范围内影响烤制损失[25]
低场-核磁共振(Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, LF-NMR)技术作为一种有效且快速的水分检测手段[26],可用于食品体系中水分分布的精准测定与评估,并获取水分迁移的动态信息。T2弛豫时间对应三类水分群态:0.01~10 ms(T21)、10~100 ms(T22)和100~1000 ms(T23),分别表征为结合水、不易流动水和自由水[14]。T21、T22、T23的弛豫时间逐渐增加,水分子与鸡肉组织间的分子作用力减小,水分自由度增大,流动性增强。如图3A所示,T22为主峰,信号强度高,表明烤鸡中不易流动水含量最高。其中LR的T22最小,为11.62 ms,表明该品种鸡肉不易流动水与组织结合较为紧密,流动性较低,肌肉持水力好。SR的T23最大,为148.20 ms,SR的自由水在烤制过程中易损失,这与烤制损失的结果一致。这主要是因为自由水分布在肌原纤维网络之外[27],且SR品种自由水与组织间作用力较小,流动性较大,在高温条件下自由水易扩散至空气中造成损失。
峰面积的大小代表对应状态下水分含量的高低,肉品的持水能力与自由水含量和不易流动水含量有关。图3B显示了各峰占总峰面积的比例,即该状态下水分含量占总水分含量的百分比。5个品种烤鸡中93.2%~94.5%的水分为不易流动水,其中LR的P22最高,HD显著低于LR(P<0.05),而MG、817R和SR间无显著差异,这表明LR的不易流动水含量最高。MG和LR的P23显著低于817R(P<0.05),自由水含量较低。结合上述LR不易流动水流动性较低,推测LR的组织结构可以更好地抑制不易流动水向自由水的转变[28],持水能力强。
磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)可以通过检测肉类样品内氢质子的信号强度从而实现水分分布的可视化。将氢质子形成的信号强度转换为密度分布,间接反映样品中水的空间分布及其水分含量[29]。在伪彩色图像中,不同颜色与氢质子密度有关,蓝色区域表示信号强度较低,氢质子密度较低,而红色区域代表较高的信号强度和高密度氢质子,更亮的图像和更深的红色区域表示样品中的含水量较高。不同品种鸡肉经烤制后鸡胸肉的MRI成像如图4所示,LR显示出最明显的红色调,表明氢质子密度最高,水分含量高于其他品种,水分流失水平最低。并且相比HD和MG品种,LR展示出更为均匀的氢离子分布状况,内部水分分布均匀,保水性好。SR显示出蓝绿区域,氢离子含量明显低于其他品种。MRI的信号强度图与烤制损失结果一致,直观地表明了不同品种对水分保留能力的差异。
色泽作为评判肉品质的重要指标,能直接影响消费者的喜爱程度和购买意向。如表3所示,不同品种对新疆特色烤鸡色差产生显著影响:817R的L*值(亮度值)最高,为46.18,与SR和MG差异显著(P<0.05),烤鸡表面鲜亮且富有光泽。MG的L*值显著低于其他四个品种(P<0.05),这可能是因为MG的个体差异导致的中心温度变化减缓,肌原纤维蛋白变性速度降低,单根纤维之间的间隙更小,对表面光的散射能力也一定程度的减弱[30]。HD的a*值(红度值)和b*值(黄度值)均显著低于LR、817R和SR,烤鸡表面呈现更深的棕褐色和不均匀的局部焦黑,这可能与HD的肌红蛋白和游离糖类(如葡萄糖)含量较高有关,含铁蛋白在高温下氧化为褐色的正铁肌红蛋白[31],使熟肉呈现更深的棕褐色,而还原糖与氨基酸之间的美拉德反应会生成类黑素,导致表皮和肌肉组织着色更深。综合来看,LR和817R的表面色泽更加鲜亮,富有烤鸡独特的金黄色,分布均匀。
质构特性是影响肉制品食用品质的重要指标之一。通过物性测试仪(Texture Profile Analysis, TPA)模拟口腔咀嚼过程,可测定测量硬度、弹性、凝聚力、黏性、咀嚼性等参数[32]。品种因素对新疆特色烤鸡质构特性的影响如表4 所示。HD的硬度、黏性、咀嚼性均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),表现出更强的抗变形能力,肌肉内部结合紧密,呈现一定的坚韧性,这可能是因为HD的肌肉结构不同于其他肉用品种,HD的肌纤维粗壮,结缔组织较多,肌内脂肪较少[33],经过烤制后容易出现干柴的口感。MG的硬度、弹性、黏性和咀嚼性均显著低于LR、SR和HD(P<0.05),肉质较软,便于咀嚼吞咽,在感官评定中质地表现良好。
品种因素对烤鸡的嫩度影响较大,不同品种间差异显著。肉的嫩度是消费者判断肉制品质量和适口性的关键因素[34],以剪切力进行衡量[35]。由表4可知,5种烤鸡的鸡胸剪切力范围为12.53~29.93 N,HD鸡胸的剪切力值最高,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),肌肉结合紧密,切断肌纤维所需力更大,这与质构的测定结果一致;SR的剪切力值最低,表现出较高嫩度,便于咀嚼。
采用外标正酮C4~C9混合溶液作为参照标准,通过对比不同烤鸡品种中挥发性组分的色谱保留指数和离子迁移谱漂移时间,结合GC-IMS系统自带的NIST谱库及IMS迁移时间数据库进行交叉验证,实现对特征风味化合物的准确鉴定[36]。如表5所示,从5种烤鸡中鉴定分析出29种主要的挥发性风味物质,其中醛类8种、酮类6种、醇类5种、酯类4种、吡嗪类2种、萜烯类1种及其他类3种。5个品种共有的挥发性风味物质有9种,分别为2-辛酮、苯乙醛、2-庚酮、乙酸、乙酸丙酯、壬醛、丁酸丙酯、2-甲基-1-戊醇和2-乙基-1-己醇。有研究证实,壬醛是一种高浓度的主要挥发性化合物[14,37],呈现果甜味和水果味,经过烤制12 min后,存在于所有烤鸡样品中。
GC-IMS技术分析表明,5个品种烤鸡的挥发性风味物质的组成和相对含量呈现显著差异,各品种的特征谱信息不同。根据GC-IMS的结果构建了不同品种烤鸡特征挥发性成分的指纹图谱(图5),以区别不同品种烤鸡的特征峰区域,可为烤鸡品质评价和分类提供有效依据。指纹图谱中每个单元格代表物质在不同迁移时间的含量,颜色代表挥发性化合物的含量,其中颜色越亮,含量越高[38],以此揭示物质的变化趋势。a区域表示MG品种的特征风味物质区域,包括甲基吡嗪、2-甲基丙醛、丙醛和2-辛醇,其中甲基吡嗪是由氨基酸与Strecker降解过程中的α-二羰基缩合而成,具有独特的坚果香和烤肉香气[39],对烤鸡的气味特征起关键作用。而其他品种中四种物质的特征峰颜色较淡或基本没有,因此可根据四种物质对MG和其他品种进行有效区分。b区域中817R样本的特征风味化合物指纹图谱与其他组别有显著差异,2-戊酮、戊醛、甲基异丁基酮等物质浓度较高。醛类物质主要来源于不饱和脂肪酸的氧化,是鸡肉制品香气的重要来源物质。陈玉连[33]研究结果表明,817肉杂鸡脂肪酸含量显著高于肉鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡,为风味物质形成提供了更丰富的前体物质。c区主要集中在SR品种中,(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇含量显著高于其他组别。其中1-辛烯-3-醇是由亚油酸衍生的氢过氧化物降解产生,阈值较高,具有蘑菇香味,是烤鸡的关键挥发性风味物质,对烤鸡整体香气的形成有重要作用[39]。王春青等[40]将蒸煮熟的鸡肉经过主成分分析发现,(E)-2-壬烯醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、庚醇和2-癸酮是主要的挥发性风味物质成分。d区域中HD样品的三甲基吡嗪、(E)-2-庚烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇、2-己酮、α-蒎烯物质浓度明显高于其他品种。其中萜烯类化合物主要来源是香辛料[41],如表现为青草香味的α-蒎烯可能来自砂仁、茴香或花椒。
不同品种间风味物质的差异可以用主成分分析技术(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)进行简化并揭示品种间的相互作用。根据GC-IMS的结果,对不同品种烤鸡挥发性风味物质进行主成分分析,可以更直观地判别和区分不同品种烤鸡。PCA结果显示(图6),第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)的方差贡献率分别为76.2%和13.8%,累计解释方差达到90.0%。这表明两个主成分能够有效反映烤鸡样品挥发性风味物质的整体特征,可作为表征其关键风味特征的代表性指标。由图可知,817R、HD、LR相互距离较远,三种品种间风味存在较大差异,而LR与SR之间风味差异较小。综上所述,不同品种的烤鸡可根据风味特征进行有效判别和区分。
肉制品的感官特性涵盖表面色泽、质地、风味以及口感等方面,不同品种对新疆烤鸡感官特性的影响如图7所示。在色泽和口感方面,817R品种表现更佳,色泽鲜亮,口感醇香,这与上述色泽和风味品质分析结果相一致。综合评价817R经过烤制后表面更具光泽感且鲜嫩多汁,食用品质较好,与陈玉连[33]的研究结果相似。LR品种质地和风味得分最高,肌纤维较细质地紧实,咀嚼性好,带有浓郁的肉香以及烤制的独特焦香味。在总体喜爱程度上,817R感官评定综合评分最高,易被消费者接受。综合而言,不同品种间感官差异较大,817R的整体可接受程度高于其他品种,其次是LR品种,综合评分较高。
表6为5种品种烤鸡感官评价票数统计,参考张杰等[19]的计算方法,以SR品种烤鸡为例,在15人感官评价小组对SR品种烤鸡的色泽进行评价时,有3人认为优,9人认为良,3人认为中等,0人认为差,则R色泽=[0.2 0.6 0.2 0];R风味=[0.46 0.27 0.27 0];R质地=[0.13 0.67 0.2 0];R口感=[0.13 0.6 0.27 0];R总体喜爱度=[0.07 0.93 0 0],将权重X乘以评判矩阵R进行模糊变换,则Y1=XR1=(0.2 0.61 0.19 0),根据最终评语等级集V=(100 75 50 25),感官评分S1=Y1V=0.2×100+0.61×75+0.19×50+0×25=77.30,同理计算得到其他4个品种烤鸡的感官评分。5种品种烤鸡模糊数学感官得分由高到低依次为:817R>LR>SR>MG>HD,817R与LR综合得分最高,分别为85.33和84.0,其色泽、质地和风味优势一致。综上所述,根据烤鸡的多维度感官特性进行综合评判,817R和LR得分显著高于其他品种,整体感官良好。
本研究对5种原料品种烤鸡的保水性和食用品质进行了系统比较。结果表明,不同品种原料鸡在烤制后表现出显著的品质差异,其中良凤花品种表现出较强的保水性,烤制损失显著低于苏禽黄鸡和海兰褐鸡(P<0.05)。良凤花品种在烤制后不易流动水含量较高,水分流动较少,内部氢离子密度高且分布均匀,对水分的保留能力较强。817烤鸡在色泽和质构特性上均具有显著优势,表面色泽鲜亮,质构特性良好,质地紧实,便于咀嚼吞咽。5个品种烤鸡鉴定分析出的29种重要挥发性化合物中,甲基吡嗪、2-戊酮、戊醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、α-蒎烯等可作为关键风味物质,将不同品种烤鸡进行有效区分。最终结合感官评价结果,817烤鸡和良凤花烤鸡综合评分更高,更易为消费者所接受,具有卓越的高端食品开发潜力。本研究结果为新疆烤鸡原料的品种选育、产品品质调控提供科学依据,同时也为新疆烤鸡的工艺现代化奠定了理论基础,有效助力民族肉品产业发展。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060231
  • 接收时间:2025-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-19
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    1.南京农业大学食品科技学院,肉品质量控制与新资源创制全国重点实验室,江苏南京 210000
    2.新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    3.克州泰昆食品有限公司,新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 845350

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王虎虎(1986−)(ORCID:0000−0003−1688−7948),男,博士,教授,研究方向:肉品质量安全控制,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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