Article(id=1320880280433439391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026040391, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1777478400000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851999624, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851999624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851999624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851999624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=370, endPage=383, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880280655737504, articleId=1320880280433439391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Flavor Quality Analysis of Baimudan White Tea from Different Tea Plant Varieties in the Yibin Tea Region, columnId=1320880262846722580, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Modern Analysis and Intelligent Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the quality characteristics and chemical composition of Baimudan white teas processed from different tea cultivars in the Yibin tea region, the quantitative descriptive analysis, biochemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to analyze the sensory quality and flavor compounds of white teas processed from eight cultivars, ‘Zhongcha 302’ (ZC302), ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ (FDDB), ‘Wuniuzao’ (WNZ), ‘Chuancha 2#’ (CC2), ‘Fuxuan 9#’ (FX9), ‘Mingshan 131’ (MS131), ‘Zhongcha 108’ (ZC108), and ‘Huangjinya’ (HJY). The results indicated that all eight tea varieties exhibited favorable sensory qualities, though significant differences existed among them. FDDB, ZC302, and CC2 presented a distinct tip aroma or floral fragrance, fresh and sweet taste, and soft, yellow-green infused leaves, achieving higher overall sensory scores. In contrast, WNZ and FX9 exhibited a clean and refreshing with noticeable grassy odour, along with approach fresh and mellow taste accompanied by grass or sour off-flavors, resulting in relatively lower sensory scores. HJY showed the highest free amino acid content and lowest phenol-ammonia ratio, yet it also had the lowest water extractives content. FDDB, ZC302, and CC2 displayed higher levels of free amino acids, theanine and sweet-tasting amino acids, while lower contents of tea polyphenols, total catechins, ester-type catechins, and bitterness-astringency index. Conversely, MS131 and FX9 had significantly higher levels of tea polyphenols, total catechins, ester-type catechins, and exhibited the highest bitterness-astringency index among all cultivars. Multivariate statistical analysis identified nine differential taste-related compounds, namely epigallocatechin gallate, caffeine, epigallocatechin, catechin, gallocatechin, tea polyphenols, theanine, water extractives, and epicatechin gallate. Furthermore, 28 key aroma compounds were identified in the three superior tea varieties. Among these, linalool, geraniol, and phenylacetaldehyde were more abundant in CC2, contributing to its prominent floral aroma, while green-note compounds such as (Z)-3-hexenol and hexanal occurred at relatively lower levels in FDDB and ZC302. In conclusion, tea varieties significantly influenced the quality characteristics of white tea. FDDB, ZC302, and CC2 demonstrated superior suitability for white tea production, providing a scientific basis for tea varieties selection and quality enhancement of Yibin white tea.

, authors=Zhou CHENG1, Liran YANG1, *, Jingna YAN1, Xunyuan SHAN2, Xueping LUO1, Congming WANG1, Mingli LIU3, Bin JIANG1, *, authorsList=Zhou CHENG, Liran YANG, Jingna YAN, Xunyuan SHAN, Xueping LUO, Congming WANG, Mingli LIU, Bin JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liran YANG, Bin JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880283927294639, articleId=1320880280433439391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=宜宾茶区不同茶树品种白茶的风味品质分析, columnId=1320880262997717526, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=现代分析与智能检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究宜宾茶区不同茶树品种所制白牡丹白茶的品质特点及物质基础。本研究采用定量描述分析、生化分析、高效液相色谱法和顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用等方法对‘中茶302’(ZC302)、‘福鼎大白’(FDDB)、‘乌牛早’(WNZ)、‘川茶2号’(CC2)、‘福选9号’(FX9)、‘名山131’(MS131)、‘中茶108’(ZC108)和‘黄金芽’(HJY)所制白茶的感官品质和风味物质进行分析。结果表明,8个品种白牡丹白茶均表现出良好的感官品质,但品种间差异显著。FDDB、ZC302和CC2毫香显露或带花香,滋味鲜甜,叶底黄绿柔软,综合得分较高;而WNZ和FX9表现为清香带青气,滋味尚鲜醇,带生青味或酸味,得分较低。HJY的游离氨基酸含量最高,酚氨比和水浸出物含量最低。FDDB、ZC302和CC2的游离氨基酸、茶氨酸、甜味氨基酸含量更高,而茶多酚、儿茶素总量、酯型儿茶素及苦涩味指数更低。MS131和FX9的茶多酚、儿茶素总量及酯型儿茶素含量显著高于其他品种,苦涩味指数最高。多元统计分析筛选出表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、咖啡碱、表没食子儿茶素、儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、茶多酚、茶氨酸、水浸出物和表儿茶素没食子酸酯9种差异滋味物质。在3个优势品种中鉴定出28种关键差异香气成分,其中芳樟醇、香叶醇、苯乙醛等在CC2中含量较高,赋予其突出的花香特征,而(Z)-3-己烯醇、正己醛等青气相关物质在FDDB和ZC302中相对较低。综上所述,不同茶树品种对白茶品质特征存在影响,FDDB、ZC302和CC2具有优良的白茶适制性,为宜宾白茶品种选择与品质提升提供了科学依据。

, authors=成洲1, 杨丽冉1, *, 闫敬娜1, 单薰元2, 罗学平1, 王聪明1, 刘明丽3, 蒋宾1, *, authorsList=成洲, 杨丽冉, 闫敬娜, 单薰元, 罗学平, 王聪明, 刘明丽, 蒋宾, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨丽冉, 蒋宾, authorNote=

成洲(1972−)男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨丽冉(1996−)女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:。
蒋宾(1993−)男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:。
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成洲(1972−)男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:

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成洲(1972−)男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:

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Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University (Natural Science), 2020, 37(4): 258−263., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880284157981360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880284170564273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, companyId=1320880284157981360, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College,Yibin 644003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880284178952882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, companyId=1320880284157981360, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宜宾职业技术学院现代农业学院,四川宜宾 644003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880284246061747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880284254450356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, companyId=1320880284246061747, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880284258644661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, companyId=1320880284246061747, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2云南农业大学茶学院,云南昆明 650201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880284355113654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880284363502263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, companyId=1320880284355113654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Research Institute of Tea Industry of Yibin, Yibin 644100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880284367696568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, companyId=1320880284355113654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3宜宾市茶产业研究院,四川宜宾 644100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880288671052523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Difference of sensory evaluation of Baimudan white tea from different tea plant varieties, figureFileSmall=sqx4Re3eKTSyA45kFNGxqg==, figureFileBig=q36w7ZVzIwX0e0Z6j6RyTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880288750744300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同品种白牡丹白茶感官审评差异

注:A. 干茶、茶汤和叶底差异;B. 滋味QDA分析结果;C. 香气QDA分析结果。

, figureFileSmall=sqx4Re3eKTSyA45kFNGxqg==, figureFileBig=q36w7ZVzIwX0e0Z6j6RyTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880288939487981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Difference of catechins, flavonoids and catechin astringent index of Baimudan white tea from different tea plant varieties, figureFileSmall=HGqJE4b39YC8OCC1eKrqIQ==, figureFileBig=uA8Dbgbqs6gUhMmQiZGbcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289027568366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同品种白牡丹白茶茶儿茶素、黄酮组分和苦涩味指数差异

注:小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=HGqJE4b39YC8OCC1eKrqIQ==, figureFileBig=uA8Dbgbqs6gUhMmQiZGbcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289098871535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Differences in flavor compounds in different tea plant varieties of white tea, figureFileSmall=D4zZijKl4MrhfyK3irYkng==, figureFileBig=D6T0yam1D/c2qpITCi2FeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289170174704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同品种白茶滋味物质差异

注:A. OPLS-DA得分图;B. 验证模型;C. HCA树状图;D. VIP值。

, figureFileSmall=D4zZijKl4MrhfyK3irYkng==, figureFileBig=D6T0yam1D/c2qpITCi2FeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289233089265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Analysis results of electronic nose for different varieties of white tea, figureFileSmall=mGbZ7cia+PZz1fl5TibsJg==, figureFileBig=aTjklV5k+JpYnb/TDwKmsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289304392434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同品种白茶电子鼻分析结果

注:A. 干茶电子鼻响应值雷达图;B. 干茶电子鼻响应值PCA图;C. 叶底电子鼻响应值雷达图;D. 叶底电子鼻响应值PCA图。

, figureFileSmall=mGbZ7cia+PZz1fl5TibsJg==, figureFileBig=aTjklV5k+JpYnb/TDwKmsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289392472819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Category and content of aromatic compound of white tea from different tea plant varieties, figureFileSmall=FBeFjCk6bCVFHwYWxM5gCQ==, figureFileBig=36EKOFCCvT31JOlc1mGSpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289467970292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同品种白茶香气化合物类别和含量, figureFileSmall=FBeFjCk6bCVFHwYWxM5gCQ==, figureFileBig=36EKOFCCvT31JOlc1mGSpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289539273461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Multivariate statistical analysis of the aroma constituents of white tea from different tea plant varieties, figureFileSmall=TFx3rpm5TFf5k1WKgy9uTw==, figureFileBig=gdgh4FEN2Wo44eefjXBK6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289606382326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同品种白茶香气组分的多元统计分析

注:A. PCA得分图;B. OPLS-DA得分图;C. 验证模型;D. HCA树状图。

, figureFileSmall=TFx3rpm5TFf5k1WKgy9uTw==, figureFileBig=gdgh4FEN2Wo44eefjXBK6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289690268407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Heatmap of the contents of aroma components of white tea from different tea plant varieties, figureFileSmall=/qWksANB+hextU2xBCbcfw==, figureFileBig=tJqE8BDjg4sAxmMKwAdwyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289744794360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同品种白茶香气化合物的热图, figureFileSmall=/qWksANB+hextU2xBCbcfw==, figureFileBig=tJqE8BDjg4sAxmMKwAdwyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880289803514617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Standard for quantitative descriptive analysis of the aroma and taste of white tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官属性参考物质评分依据
花香芳樟醇从0到6进行评分,得分越高,强度越强,其中0=无,1=非常弱,2=相当弱,3=相当强,4=强,5=很强,6=非常强
青气顺-3-己稀醛
甜香苯甲醛
清香反-2-己烯-1-醇
甜味葡萄糖
鲜味茶氨酸
苦味咖啡碱
涩味芦丁
青味乙醛
), ArticleFig(id=1320880289866429178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

白茶香气和滋味定量描述分析标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官属性参考物质评分依据
花香芳樟醇从0到6进行评分,得分越高,强度越强,其中0=无,1=非常弱,2=相当弱,3=相当强,4=强,5=很强,6=非常强
青气顺-3-己稀醛
甜香苯甲醛
清香反-2-己烯-1-醇
甜味葡萄糖
鲜味茶氨酸
苦味咖啡碱
涩味芦丁
青味乙醛
), ArticleFig(id=1320880289937732347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance of each electronic nose sensor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器性能描述
W1C芳香成分,苯类
W5S灵敏度大,对氮氧化合物很灵敏
W3C对氨类、芳香成分灵敏
W6S对氢化物有选择性
W5C对短链烷烃、芳香成分灵敏
W1S对甲烷类灵敏
W1W对硫化物灵敏,对烃和硫的有机成分较灵敏
W2S对醇类、醛酮类灵敏
W2W对芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
W3S对长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320880290030007036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

电子鼻各传感器性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
传感器性能描述
W1C芳香成分,苯类
W5S灵敏度大,对氮氧化合物很灵敏
W3C对氨类、芳香成分灵敏
W6S对氢化物有选择性
W5C对短链烷烃、芳香成分灵敏
W1S对甲烷类灵敏
W1W对硫化物灵敏,对烃和硫的有机成分较灵敏
W2S对醇类、醛酮类灵敏
W2W对芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
W3S对长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1320880290122281725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of sensory evaluation in Baimudan white tea from different tea plant varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种外形(25%)汤色(10%)香气(25%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总评分(分)
评语得分(分)评语得分(分)评语得分(分)评语得分(分)评语得分(分)
ZC302绿白毫显露,芽头肥壮92.31±0.24a嫩黄明亮91.37±0.16a毫香,持久91.28±0.52a鲜甜90.31±0.34a黄绿柔软,芽叶肥壮90.58±0.37a91.19±0.11a
FDDB翠绿白毫显,芽叶连枝93.22±0.16a浅黄明亮92.42±0.25a毫香,持久93.37±0.31a鲜甜91.24±0.23a黄绿较柔软91.62±0.50a92.42±0.18a
WNZ暗绿带毫,芽叶连枝83.32±0.23d黄明亮79.39±0.31d清香,较持久80.28±0.28c尚鲜醇带生青味80.08±0.18d黄绿尚柔软84.34±0.46c81.30±0.22c
CC2灰绿,芽叶连枝89.28±0.29b浅黄明亮93.08±0.23a毫香带花香,持久93.34±0.30a鲜甜91.46±0.26a黄绿较柔软87.25±0.62b91.13±0.43a
FX9深绿,芽叶连枝83.35±0.42d黄亮82.43±0.54c清香,较持久83.52±0.26c较鲜醇,有青、酸味82.42±0.52d黄绿较柔软85.34±0.54c83.22±0.51c
MS131灰绿稍暗,芽叶连枝88.41±0.31b杏黄较明亮89.36±0.39b清香,带毫香,持久87.38±0.36b鲜尚甜醇88.38±0.39b黄绿较柔软杂83.23±0.33c87.72±0.48b
ZC108灰绿较暗,芽叶连枝86.27±0.43c杏黄明亮88.41±0.46b清香稍带甜香,较持久88.47±0.41b较鲜醇85.62±0.54c黄绿较柔软80.31±0.46d86.24±0.16b
HJY棕黄,芽叶连枝83.34±0.56d杏黄明亮87.51±0.28b清香带甜香,较持久87.26±0.26b鲜甜,有酵味92.39±0.29a黄柔软,花杂84.34±0.27c87.55±0.53b
), ArticleFig(id=1320880290201973502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同茶树品种白牡丹白茶感官审评结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种外形(25%)汤色(10%)香气(25%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总评分(分)
评语得分(分)评语得分(分)评语得分(分)评语得分(分)评语得分(分)
ZC302绿白毫显露,芽头肥壮92.31±0.24a嫩黄明亮91.37±0.16a毫香,持久91.28±0.52a鲜甜90.31±0.34a黄绿柔软,芽叶肥壮90.58±0.37a91.19±0.11a
FDDB翠绿白毫显,芽叶连枝93.22±0.16a浅黄明亮92.42±0.25a毫香,持久93.37±0.31a鲜甜91.24±0.23a黄绿较柔软91.62±0.50a92.42±0.18a
WNZ暗绿带毫,芽叶连枝83.32±0.23d黄明亮79.39±0.31d清香,较持久80.28±0.28c尚鲜醇带生青味80.08±0.18d黄绿尚柔软84.34±0.46c81.30±0.22c
CC2灰绿,芽叶连枝89.28±0.29b浅黄明亮93.08±0.23a毫香带花香,持久93.34±0.30a鲜甜91.46±0.26a黄绿较柔软87.25±0.62b91.13±0.43a
FX9深绿,芽叶连枝83.35±0.42d黄亮82.43±0.54c清香,较持久83.52±0.26c较鲜醇,有青、酸味82.42±0.52d黄绿较柔软85.34±0.54c83.22±0.51c
MS131灰绿稍暗,芽叶连枝88.41±0.31b杏黄较明亮89.36±0.39b清香,带毫香,持久87.38±0.36b鲜尚甜醇88.38±0.39b黄绿较柔软杂83.23±0.33c87.72±0.48b
ZC108灰绿较暗,芽叶连枝86.27±0.43c杏黄明亮88.41±0.46b清香稍带甜香,较持久88.47±0.41b较鲜醇85.62±0.54c黄绿较柔软80.31±0.46d86.24±0.16b
HJY棕黄,芽叶连枝83.34±0.56d杏黄明亮87.51±0.28b清香带甜香,较持久87.26±0.26b鲜甜,有酵味92.39±0.29a黄柔软,花杂84.34±0.27c87.55±0.53b
), ArticleFig(id=1320880290290053887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Difference of normal chemical compounds of Baimudan white tea from different tea plant varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种水浸出物(%)茶多酚(%)游离氨基酸(%)酚氨比没食子酸(mg/g)咖啡碱(mg/g)
ZC30246.35±0.43a23.65±0.19d5.19±0.08b4.561.81±0.09c40.38±0.25c
FDDB46.16±0.65a23.59±0.41d5.31±0.13b4.442.12±0.06b41.64±0.13bc
WNZ47.59±0.11a31.21±0.11a3.51±0.02c8.892.19±0.05b42.45±0.47b
CC247.32±0.62a26.08±0.07c4.71±0.08b5.541.98±0.13c41.39±0.25bc
FX945.86±0.25ab30.19±0.29b3.15±0.02c8.344.99±0.04a43.42±0.56b
MS13148.55±0.55a32.66±0.61a3.30±0.05c10.572.74±0.03b47.52±0.09a
ZC10845.07±0.86ab27.84±0.53c3.62±0.12c7.692.27±0.17b47.13±0.77a
HJY40.67±0.21c24.67±0.36d6.14±0.03a4.021.92±0.04c21.56±0.29d
), ArticleFig(id=1320880290369745664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同茶树品种白牡丹白茶常规成分差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种水浸出物(%)茶多酚(%)游离氨基酸(%)酚氨比没食子酸(mg/g)咖啡碱(mg/g)
ZC30246.35±0.43a23.65±0.19d5.19±0.08b4.561.81±0.09c40.38±0.25c
FDDB46.16±0.65a23.59±0.41d5.31±0.13b4.442.12±0.06b41.64±0.13bc
WNZ47.59±0.11a31.21±0.11a3.51±0.02c8.892.19±0.05b42.45±0.47b
CC247.32±0.62a26.08±0.07c4.71±0.08b5.541.98±0.13c41.39±0.25bc
FX945.86±0.25ab30.19±0.29b3.15±0.02c8.344.99±0.04a43.42±0.56b
MS13148.55±0.55a32.66±0.61a3.30±0.05c10.572.74±0.03b47.52±0.09a
ZC10845.07±0.86ab27.84±0.53c3.62±0.12c7.692.27±0.17b47.13±0.77a
HJY40.67±0.21c24.67±0.36d6.14±0.03a4.021.92±0.04c21.56±0.29d
), ArticleFig(id=1320880290478797569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Difference of amino acid contents of Baimudan white tea from different tea plant varieties (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别氨基酸ZC302FDDBWNZCC2FX9MS131ZC108HJY
鲜味氨基酸天冬氨酸0.98±0.04d1.23±0.09b0.89±0.08d1.48±0.06a1.01±0.07c0.77±0.05e0.75±0.05e1.01±0.04c
谷氨酸0.71±0.03b0.92±0.06a0.61±0.05b0.91±0.05a0.95±0.05a0.68±0.04b0.66±0.04b0.87±0.03a
天冬酰胺5.15±0.05a2.96±0.02c2.93±0.08c2.44±0.06c3.63±0.04b2.86±0.08c3.81±0.52b5.84±0.23a
谷氨酰胺2.81±0.13c2.80±0.250c1.32±0.03f4.01±0.07a2.26±0.05d1.72±0.08e2.09±0.15d3.08±0.12b
茶氨酸17.33±0.30b18.94±0.22a12.69±0.21c14.50±0.16c10.78±0.10d8.23±0.38e11.44±1.53d17.28±0.68b
鲜味氨基酸总量26.98±0.17b26.85±0.31b18.44±0.15d23.34±0.23c18.63±0.11d14.26±0.19e18.75±0.31d28.08±0.39a
甜味氨基酸丝氨酸0.72±0.06b0.97±0.130a0.61±0.02c0.85±0.04a0.64±0.07c0.64±0.01c0.63±0.05c0.76±0.02b
甘氨酸0.50±0.04d0.71±0.10a0.43±0.02d0.60±0.03b0.46±0.05d0.47±0.02d0.43±0.06d0.51±0.02c
苏氨酸0.73±0.07c1.00±0.12a0.61±0.05c0.85±0.03b0.62±0.07c0.68±0.04c0.57±0.11d0.65±0.02c
丙氨酸0.74±0.05b0.99±0.11a0.65±0.03c0.95±0.11a0.65±0.06c0.64±0.03c0.60±0.07c0.74±0.03b
蛋氨酸0.06±0.00b0.09±0.04a0.09±0.04a0.09±0.04a0.06±0.00b0.11±0.08a0.06±0.00b0.09±0.00a
色氨酸0.74±0.05b0.77±0.06b0.63±0.03a0.64±0.03c0.56±0.04c0.61±0.01c0.73±0.03b1.03±0.04a
组氨酸0.66±0.09a0.78±0.04a0.49±0.04c0.69±0.02a0.53±0.07b0.51±0.05b0.45±0.05c0.55±0.02b
甜味氨基酸总量4.15±0.07b5.31±0.12a3.51±0.04c4.03±0.13b3.52±0.09c3.66±0.11c3.47±0.07c4.33±0.16b
苦味氨基酸酪氨酸0.68±0.04b1.01±0.04a0.90±0.04a0.69±0.04b0.97±0.05a0.83±0.05b0.76±0.09b0.94±0.04a
精氨酸1.83±0.10a1.80±0.02a1.39±0.03c1.89±0.04a1.67±0.05b0.78±0.09e0.77±0.03e1.06±0.04d
缬氨酸1.01±0.04b1.10±0.09b0.83±0.04c1.19±0.08b1.04±0.06b0.95±0.05c0.96±0.04c1.29±0.05a
苯丙氨酸0.89±0.04b0.99±0.08a0.74±0.04c1.01±0.07a0.93±0.06a0.84±0.06b0.87±0.02b1.19±0.05a
异亮氨酸1.40±0.05c1.44±0.01c1.25±0.04d2.16±0.03a1.71±0.05b1.24±0.08d1.57±0.15c2.33±0.09a
亮氨酸1.17±0.04a1.22±0.07a1.01±0.03a1.04±0.01a1.15±0.06a1.08±0.06a0.97±0.13b1.21±0.05a
胱氨酸0.58±0.38c0.10±0.02d0.56±0.33c0.07±0.03e0.66±0.44c0.58±0.31c0.81±0.05b1.04±0.04a
赖氨酸0.82±0.04b0.93±0.07a0.71±0.04c0.90±0.07a0.82±0.05b0.86±0.06b0.79±0.09c1.02±0.04a
苦味氨基酸总量8.38±0.07b8.59±0.12b7.39±0.04c6.89±0.13d8.95±0.09b7.16±0.11c7.50±0.07c10.08±0.16a
总量39.50±0.56a40.74±0.62a29.33±0.11d36.94±0.35b31.08±0.37c25.09±0.91e31.08±0.79c42.47±0.58a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880292164907778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同茶树品种白牡丹白茶氨基酸含量差异(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别氨基酸ZC302FDDBWNZCC2FX9MS131ZC108HJY
鲜味氨基酸天冬氨酸0.98±0.04d1.23±0.09b0.89±0.08d1.48±0.06a1.01±0.07c0.77±0.05e0.75±0.05e1.01±0.04c
谷氨酸0.71±0.03b0.92±0.06a0.61±0.05b0.91±0.05a0.95±0.05a0.68±0.04b0.66±0.04b0.87±0.03a
天冬酰胺5.15±0.05a2.96±0.02c2.93±0.08c2.44±0.06c3.63±0.04b2.86±0.08c3.81±0.52b5.84±0.23a
谷氨酰胺2.81±0.13c2.80±0.250c1.32±0.03f4.01±0.07a2.26±0.05d1.72±0.08e2.09±0.15d3.08±0.12b
茶氨酸17.33±0.30b18.94±0.22a12.69±0.21c14.50±0.16c10.78±0.10d8.23±0.38e11.44±1.53d17.28±0.68b
鲜味氨基酸总量26.98±0.17b26.85±0.31b18.44±0.15d23.34±0.23c18.63±0.11d14.26±0.19e18.75±0.31d28.08±0.39a
甜味氨基酸丝氨酸0.72±0.06b0.97±0.130a0.61±0.02c0.85±0.04a0.64±0.07c0.64±0.01c0.63±0.05c0.76±0.02b
甘氨酸0.50±0.04d0.71±0.10a0.43±0.02d0.60±0.03b0.46±0.05d0.47±0.02d0.43±0.06d0.51±0.02c
苏氨酸0.73±0.07c1.00±0.12a0.61±0.05c0.85±0.03b0.62±0.07c0.68±0.04c0.57±0.11d0.65±0.02c
丙氨酸0.74±0.05b0.99±0.11a0.65±0.03c0.95±0.11a0.65±0.06c0.64±0.03c0.60±0.07c0.74±0.03b
蛋氨酸0.06±0.00b0.09±0.04a0.09±0.04a0.09±0.04a0.06±0.00b0.11±0.08a0.06±0.00b0.09±0.00a
色氨酸0.74±0.05b0.77±0.06b0.63±0.03a0.64±0.03c0.56±0.04c0.61±0.01c0.73±0.03b1.03±0.04a
组氨酸0.66±0.09a0.78±0.04a0.49±0.04c0.69±0.02a0.53±0.07b0.51±0.05b0.45±0.05c0.55±0.02b
甜味氨基酸总量4.15±0.07b5.31±0.12a3.51±0.04c4.03±0.13b3.52±0.09c3.66±0.11c3.47±0.07c4.33±0.16b
苦味氨基酸酪氨酸0.68±0.04b1.01±0.04a0.90±0.04a0.69±0.04b0.97±0.05a0.83±0.05b0.76±0.09b0.94±0.04a
精氨酸1.83±0.10a1.80±0.02a1.39±0.03c1.89±0.04a1.67±0.05b0.78±0.09e0.77±0.03e1.06±0.04d
缬氨酸1.01±0.04b1.10±0.09b0.83±0.04c1.19±0.08b1.04±0.06b0.95±0.05c0.96±0.04c1.29±0.05a
苯丙氨酸0.89±0.04b0.99±0.08a0.74±0.04c1.01±0.07a0.93±0.06a0.84±0.06b0.87±0.02b1.19±0.05a
异亮氨酸1.40±0.05c1.44±0.01c1.25±0.04d2.16±0.03a1.71±0.05b1.24±0.08d1.57±0.15c2.33±0.09a
亮氨酸1.17±0.04a1.22±0.07a1.01±0.03a1.04±0.01a1.15±0.06a1.08±0.06a0.97±0.13b1.21±0.05a
胱氨酸0.58±0.38c0.10±0.02d0.56±0.33c0.07±0.03e0.66±0.44c0.58±0.31c0.81±0.05b1.04±0.04a
赖氨酸0.82±0.04b0.93±0.07a0.71±0.04c0.90±0.07a0.82±0.05b0.86±0.06b0.79±0.09c1.02±0.04a
苦味氨基酸总量8.38±0.07b8.59±0.12b7.39±0.04c6.89±0.13d8.95±0.09b7.16±0.11c7.50±0.07c10.08±0.16a
总量39.50±0.56a40.74±0.62a29.33±0.11d36.94±0.35b31.08±0.37c25.09±0.91e31.08±0.79c42.47±0.58a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880292261376771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

TAV values of key differentiating taste substances of Baimudan white tea from different tea plant varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质
名称
阈值(mg/g)[40−41]TAV值
ZC302FDDBWNZCC2FX9MS131ZC108HJY滋味类型
EGCG0.087933.32952.501066.33937.001231.111336.491220.87353.13苦涩味
CAF0.100403.77416.43424.48413.90434.16475.22471.30215.59苦味
EGC0.15938.1881.83125.9756.0897.75103.0852.1886.51苦味
C0.119264.84245.85302.94262.67321.50287.62230.60190.78苦涩味
GC0.16533.4236.5982.3937.6877.9576.7268.4253.39涩味
茶氨酸0.060288.83315.67211.50241.67179.67137.17190.67288.00鲜味
ECG0.11517.988.3030.9514.2933.3925.1548.857.11苦涩味
), ArticleFig(id=1320880292341068548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同茶树品种白牡丹白茶中关键差异滋味物质的TAV值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质
名称
阈值(mg/g)[40−41]TAV值
ZC302FDDBWNZCC2FX9MS131ZC108HJY滋味类型
EGCG0.087933.32952.501066.33937.001231.111336.491220.87353.13苦涩味
CAF0.100403.77416.43424.48413.90434.16475.22471.30215.59苦味
EGC0.15938.1881.83125.9756.0897.75103.0852.1886.51苦味
C0.119264.84245.85302.94262.67321.50287.62230.60190.78苦涩味
GC0.16533.4236.5982.3937.6877.9576.7268.4253.39涩味
茶氨酸0.060288.83315.67211.50241.67179.67137.17190.67288.00鲜味
ECG0.11517.988.3030.9514.2933.3925.1548.857.11苦涩味
), ArticleFig(id=1320880292458509061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

OAV of key aroma components of white tea from different tea plant varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号香气成分CAS阈值
(μg/kg)[16−17]
OAV香气特征[16−17]
ZC302CC2FDDB
1苯乙醇60-12-8140.00301.01131.06214.66果香、甜香
2反式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)34995-77-2190.00140.34105.79169.25花香
3(+)-二氢香芹酮5524-05-0820.0048.9839.4441.76草本香
4月桂烯123-35-315.001149.671186.181016.00木质香
5(E)-β-罗勒烯3779-61-134.00363.59363.08307.58甜香
6芳樟醇78-70-66.002425.874035.512262.46花香、果香
7(Z)-3-己烯醇928-96-150.00107.7434.7666.31青气
8(E)-3-己烯醇928-97-2110.0049.1115.8030.14清香
9β-罗勒烯13877-91-334.00262.94269.96225.32果香
10香叶醇106-24-17.501052.492305.19824.18花香
11苯甲醛100-52-7350.0017.7418.1222.85甜香
12β-蒎烯127-91-3140.0047.2450.3842.81木质香
13β-水芹烯555-10-240.00141.86143.75122.73果香
14乙烯基吡嗪4177-16-6700.005.755.677.20青气
15D-柠檬烯5989-27-534.00127.63133.31113.57果香
16柠檬烯138-86-310.00433.36453.27386.15果香
17苯乙醛122-78-16.30527.501020.80462.33花香
18柠檬醛5392-40-5100.0030.2946.2237.13柠檬香、清香
19α-水芹烯99-83-240.0070.7071.8161.10果香
20正己醛66-25-15.00284.07233.13587.17青气
21邻伞花烃527-84-410.00298.18366.49306.08果香
221-辛烯-3-乙酸酯2442-10-690.005.283.687.88清香
232,6-二甲基-5-庚醛106-72-916.0077.3076.8765.54清香
24δ-杜松烯483-76-11.5048.01230.5850.73草本香
252-甲基苯甲醛529-20-49.60132.31149.33129.62花香
263-己烯-1-醇544-12-770.005.591.152.51青气
27(E,E)-2,4-庚二醛4313-03-556.005.4812.7913.60青气
28(E)-2-己烯醛6728-26-33.10103.6884.16174.13青气
), ArticleFig(id=1320880292538200838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880280433439391, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同品种白茶关键香气成分的OAV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号香气成分CAS阈值
(μg/kg)[16−17]
OAV香气特征[16−17]
ZC302CC2FDDB
1苯乙醇60-12-8140.00301.01131.06214.66果香、甜香
2反式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)34995-77-2190.00140.34105.79169.25花香
3(+)-二氢香芹酮5524-05-0820.0048.9839.4441.76草本香
4月桂烯123-35-315.001149.671186.181016.00木质香
5(E)-β-罗勒烯3779-61-134.00363.59363.08307.58甜香
6芳樟醇78-70-66.002425.874035.512262.46花香、果香
7(Z)-3-己烯醇928-96-150.00107.7434.7666.31青气
8(E)-3-己烯醇928-97-2110.0049.1115.8030.14清香
9β-罗勒烯13877-91-334.00262.94269.96225.32果香
10香叶醇106-24-17.501052.492305.19824.18花香
11苯甲醛100-52-7350.0017.7418.1222.85甜香
12β-蒎烯127-91-3140.0047.2450.3842.81木质香
13β-水芹烯555-10-240.00141.86143.75122.73果香
14乙烯基吡嗪4177-16-6700.005.755.677.20青气
15D-柠檬烯5989-27-534.00127.63133.31113.57果香
16柠檬烯138-86-310.00433.36453.27386.15果香
17苯乙醛122-78-16.30527.501020.80462.33花香
18柠檬醛5392-40-5100.0030.2946.2237.13柠檬香、清香
19α-水芹烯99-83-240.0070.7071.8161.10果香
20正己醛66-25-15.00284.07233.13587.17青气
21邻伞花烃527-84-410.00298.18366.49306.08果香
221-辛烯-3-乙酸酯2442-10-690.005.283.687.88清香
232,6-二甲基-5-庚醛106-72-916.0077.3076.8765.54清香
24δ-杜松烯483-76-11.5048.01230.5850.73草本香
252-甲基苯甲醛529-20-49.60132.31149.33129.62花香
263-己烯-1-醇544-12-770.005.591.152.51青气
27(E,E)-2,4-庚二醛4313-03-556.005.4812.7913.60青气
28(E)-2-己烯醛6728-26-33.10103.6884.16174.13青气
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宜宾茶区不同茶树品种白茶的风味品质分析
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成洲 1 , 杨丽冉 1, * , 闫敬娜 1 , 单薰元 2 , 罗学平 1 , 王聪明 1 , 刘明丽 3 , 蒋宾 1, *
食品工业科技 | 现代分析与智能检测 2026,47(18): 370-383
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食品工业科技 |现代分析与智能检测 2026 , 47 (18) : 370 -383
宜宾茶区不同茶树品种白茶的风味品质分析
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成洲1 , 杨丽冉1, * , 闫敬娜1, 单薰元2, 罗学平1, 王聪明1, 刘明丽3, 蒋宾1, *
作者信息
  • 1宜宾职业技术学院现代农业学院,四川宜宾 644003
  • 2云南农业大学茶学院,云南昆明 650201
  • 3宜宾市茶产业研究院,四川宜宾 644100
通讯作者:
杨丽冉(1996−)女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:。
蒋宾(1993−)男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

成洲(1972−)男,硕士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:

Flavor Quality Analysis of Baimudan White Tea from Different Tea Plant Varieties in the Yibin Tea Region
Zhou CHENG1 , Liran YANG1, * , Jingna YAN1, Xunyuan SHAN2, Xueping LUO1, Congming WANG1, Mingli LIU3, Bin JIANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College,Yibin 644003, China
  • 2College of Tea Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
  • 3Research Institute of Tea Industry of Yibin, Yibin 644100, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026040391
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为探究宜宾茶区不同茶树品种所制白牡丹白茶的品质特点及物质基础。本研究采用定量描述分析、生化分析、高效液相色谱法和顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用等方法对‘中茶302’(ZC302)、‘福鼎大白’(FDDB)、‘乌牛早’(WNZ)、‘川茶2号’(CC2)、‘福选9号’(FX9)、‘名山131’(MS131)、‘中茶108’(ZC108)和‘黄金芽’(HJY)所制白茶的感官品质和风味物质进行分析。结果表明,8个品种白牡丹白茶均表现出良好的感官品质,但品种间差异显著。FDDB、ZC302和CC2毫香显露或带花香,滋味鲜甜,叶底黄绿柔软,综合得分较高;而WNZ和FX9表现为清香带青气,滋味尚鲜醇,带生青味或酸味,得分较低。HJY的游离氨基酸含量最高,酚氨比和水浸出物含量最低。FDDB、ZC302和CC2的游离氨基酸、茶氨酸、甜味氨基酸含量更高,而茶多酚、儿茶素总量、酯型儿茶素及苦涩味指数更低。MS131和FX9的茶多酚、儿茶素总量及酯型儿茶素含量显著高于其他品种,苦涩味指数最高。多元统计分析筛选出表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、咖啡碱、表没食子儿茶素、儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、茶多酚、茶氨酸、水浸出物和表儿茶素没食子酸酯9种差异滋味物质。在3个优势品种中鉴定出28种关键差异香气成分,其中芳樟醇、香叶醇、苯乙醛等在CC2中含量较高,赋予其突出的花香特征,而(Z)-3-己烯醇、正己醛等青气相关物质在FDDB和ZC302中相对较低。综上所述,不同茶树品种对白茶品质特征存在影响,FDDB、ZC302和CC2具有优良的白茶适制性,为宜宾白茶品种选择与品质提升提供了科学依据。

白茶  /  茶树品种  /  滋味  /  香气  /  差异分析

This study aimed to investigate the quality characteristics and chemical composition of Baimudan white teas processed from different tea cultivars in the Yibin tea region, the quantitative descriptive analysis, biochemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to analyze the sensory quality and flavor compounds of white teas processed from eight cultivars, ‘Zhongcha 302’ (ZC302), ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ (FDDB), ‘Wuniuzao’ (WNZ), ‘Chuancha 2#’ (CC2), ‘Fuxuan 9#’ (FX9), ‘Mingshan 131’ (MS131), ‘Zhongcha 108’ (ZC108), and ‘Huangjinya’ (HJY). The results indicated that all eight tea varieties exhibited favorable sensory qualities, though significant differences existed among them. FDDB, ZC302, and CC2 presented a distinct tip aroma or floral fragrance, fresh and sweet taste, and soft, yellow-green infused leaves, achieving higher overall sensory scores. In contrast, WNZ and FX9 exhibited a clean and refreshing with noticeable grassy odour, along with approach fresh and mellow taste accompanied by grass or sour off-flavors, resulting in relatively lower sensory scores. HJY showed the highest free amino acid content and lowest phenol-ammonia ratio, yet it also had the lowest water extractives content. FDDB, ZC302, and CC2 displayed higher levels of free amino acids, theanine and sweet-tasting amino acids, while lower contents of tea polyphenols, total catechins, ester-type catechins, and bitterness-astringency index. Conversely, MS131 and FX9 had significantly higher levels of tea polyphenols, total catechins, ester-type catechins, and exhibited the highest bitterness-astringency index among all cultivars. Multivariate statistical analysis identified nine differential taste-related compounds, namely epigallocatechin gallate, caffeine, epigallocatechin, catechin, gallocatechin, tea polyphenols, theanine, water extractives, and epicatechin gallate. Furthermore, 28 key aroma compounds were identified in the three superior tea varieties. Among these, linalool, geraniol, and phenylacetaldehyde were more abundant in CC2, contributing to its prominent floral aroma, while green-note compounds such as (Z)-3-hexenol and hexanal occurred at relatively lower levels in FDDB and ZC302. In conclusion, tea varieties significantly influenced the quality characteristics of white tea. FDDB, ZC302, and CC2 demonstrated superior suitability for white tea production, providing a scientific basis for tea varieties selection and quality enhancement of Yibin white tea.

white tea  /  tea varieties  /  taste  /  aroma  /  analysis of differences
成洲, 杨丽冉, 闫敬娜, 单薰元, 罗学平, 王聪明, 刘明丽, 蒋宾. 宜宾茶区不同茶树品种白茶的风味品质分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 370 -383 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026040391
Zhou CHENG, Liran YANG, Jingna YAN, Xunyuan SHAN, Xueping LUO, Congming WANG, Mingli LIU, Bin JIANG. Flavor Quality Analysis of Baimudan White Tea from Different Tea Plant Varieties in the Yibin Tea Region[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 370 -383 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026040391
白茶起源于福建省福鼎市,属于中国六大茶类的微发酵茶[1−2]。中国茶叶流通协会统计发现,截至2024年底,白茶产量9.38万吨,占中国茶叶总产量的2.68%[3]。白茶因“不炒不揉”的加工工艺和独特的品种特性,使其具有外形满披白毫、色泽银白隐绿、汤色杏黄明亮、滋味鲜爽醇和的独特品质特征,深受消费者喜爱[4−6]。近年来,随着“白茶热”的持续升温,白茶产区已从传统的福建扩展至云南[5]、浙江[7]、湖南[8−9]、山东[10]等多地,各地充分利用本地茶树资源开展适制性研究,形成了各具地域特色的白茶产品,这既丰富了白茶市场,又极大地增加了当地的收入,同时也满足了不同消费群体对白茶品质的个性化需求[11]。现代研究表明,白茶富含茶多酚、黄酮、氨基酸等活性物质[2,4],具有显著的抗氧化[4,12]、抗肿瘤[13]、降血脂[14]、预防糖尿病[15]等保健功效,这些活性成分的含量与比例在不同茶树品种间的差异很大。
茶树品种是影响茶叶品质形成的核心因素之一,直接决定了鲜叶的内含物质组成与比例,进而影响茶叶的感官品质和功能特性[16−18]。采用不同茶树品种加工形成的茶叶外形、汤色、香气、滋味等方面呈现出明显的不同[19−21]。Yang等[16]研究发现8个茶树品种加工形成的川红工夫感官品质和代谢物均存在差异。采用白叶、大乌叶和鸭屎香等品种鲜叶加工而成的凤凰单枞和武夷岩茶香气类型、挥发性代谢物的种类和相对含量存在较大差异[17,22]。采用感官组学和代谢组学比较了茶树品种对红茶和绿茶品质的影响,发现茶叶品质与茶树品种显著相关[16,18,23]。白茶加工方面,景谷大白茶因茶多酚和水浸出物含量高,表现出较强的抗氧化活性[5];福鼎大毫茶则以氨基酸含量丰富,滋味鲜爽醇厚著称[11];而梅占、凤庆大叶种等品种制成的白茶,因挥发性化合物组成差异,呈现出独特的花香或品种香[1]。目前,各地已针对本地特色茶树品种开展白茶适制性研究,但品种间的品质差异机制仍需系统解析,尤其是同一产区特定品种的白茶品质特征尚未完全明确。宜宾气候温和、雨量充沛,拥有丰富的茶树品种资源,是中国早茶之乡。2024年,全市茶园总面积8.70万公顷、干茶产量11.45万吨、综合产值达360亿元,主要生产绿茶和红茶[24]。近年来,宜宾茶区逐步尝试利用本地主栽茶树品种加工白茶,但关于该地区不同茶树品种的白茶适制性和品质差异等研究未见报道。
本研究以‘中茶302’(ZC302)、‘福鼎大白’(FDDB)、‘乌牛早’(WNZ)、‘川茶2号’(CC2)、‘福选9号’(FX9)、‘名山131’(MS131)、‘中茶108’(ZC108)和‘黄金芽’(HJY)8个宜宾茶区茶树品种鲜叶为原料制成白牡丹白茶,采用感官审评和定量描述分析(quantitative description analysis,QDA)感官品质差异,分光光度法和高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)对其常规成分、儿茶素组分、黄酮组分和氨基酸组分等进行测定,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)对优势品种挥发性化合物的种类与含量进行测定,结合多元统计分析探明其物质基础,旨在筛选出适合宜宾茶区白茶生产的优良品种,揭示品种间品质差异的物质基础,为宜宾白茶茶树品种选择及工艺优化提供数据支撑。
白茶鲜叶 ZC302、FDDB、WNZ、CC2、FX9、MS131、ZC108和HJY的一芽二叶茶树鲜叶于2025年4月2日购自宜宾市江安竹都茶业有限公司,按白茶制作工艺加工形成白牡丹白茶,铝箔袋密封保存于4 ℃冰箱备用;咖啡碱、没食子酸、芦丁、杨梅素、槲皮素、木犀草素、山奈酚,四种酯型儿茶素,包括儿茶素没食子酸酯(catechin gallate,CG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate,GCG)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG),以及四种非酯型儿茶素,包括儿茶素(catechin,C)、表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)、没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin,GC)、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC)等化合物标准品 纯度≥99%,成都曼思特生物科技有限公司;天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、茶氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、胱氨酸、赖氨酸等氨基酸标准品 纯度≥99%,美国安捷伦公司;甲醇(色谱纯)和乙腈(色谱纯) 美国Sigma公司;碳酸氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钾、茚三酮、冰乙酸、福林酚、95%乙醇 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
756CRT型紫外可见分光光度计 上海菁华科技仪器有限公司;101A-2电热鼓风恒温干燥箱 上海市崇明实验仪器厂;YX-6CHZ-6C茶叶烘焙机 安溪永兴机械有限公司;LC-16型高效液相色谱仪 岛津仪器(苏州)有限公司;DW-HL340冰箱 中科美菱低温科技有限责任公司;HH-S28S型数显恒温水浴锅 金坛区大地自动化仪器厂;MU-G02-0448恒温金属混匀仪 杭州米欧仪器有限公司;BYJ1-05L-AD超纯水机 重庆华创水处理工程有限公司;8890-7000D GC-MS仪、DB-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)、120 μm DVB/CWR/PDMS萃取头 美国Agilent公司;Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱 大连依利特分析仪器有限公司;Agela AA952505-0 venusil AA色谱柱 天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司;AIRSENSE PEN3型便携式电子鼻 北京盈盛恒泰科技有限责任公司。
8个茶树品种的一芽二叶鲜叶按照如下方式加工形成白牡丹白茶。萎凋:将鲜叶均匀不重叠铺撒在水筛上,厚度约2 cm,置于萎凋架上在室内进行静置萎凋18 h,在上午10时将萎凋叶移至室外进行日光萎凋1.5 h后转移到室内,如此重复3次后静置萎凋26 h,萎凋使茶叶含水量下降到60% 左右,萎凋适度即完成;并筛:待萎凋叶色变为暗绿,叶缘向背面卷曲,达到七成干时将3个水筛的萎凋叶并为一筛,且保持茶叶厚度在15 cm左右,直到茶叶达八成干时停止;初烘:采用茶叶烘焙机在65 ℃下干燥至九成干后将茶叶取出,自然摊放6 h后采用50 ℃烘笼干燥1.5 h至茶叶含水量在4%~5%,干燥完成[19−21]。
茶叶感官审评及定量描述分析由7名年龄在28~40岁(3名男性,4名女性)具备二级评茶技师资质的审评人员组成审评小组,参照国家标准GB/T 23776-2018《茶叶感官审评方法》对白茶的外形、汤色、香气、滋味和叶底进行感官品质评价。定量描述分析采用甜味、鲜味、苦味、涩味和青味来描述滋味特征,用毫香、嫩香、清香、甜香、青气和花香来描述白茶的香气特征[16,25−26],具体评价方法如表1所示。毫香和嫩香分别指与白茶白毫多少和鲜叶嫩度高低相关。在评价白茶感官品质之前,对小组成员进行训练,以区分不同浓度的参考物质的香气和滋味强度特征。每个茶样由每个小组成员进行3次评估,每次评估间隔5 min,以6名审评人员的QDA得分平均值作为茶样的最终得分。
根据国家标准(GB/T 8305-2013)测定茶叶水浸出物含量;根据国家标准(GB/T 8313-2018)《茶叶中茶多酚和儿茶素类含量的检测方法》测定茶多酚含量;根据国家标准(GB/T 8314-2013)《茶 游离氨基酸总量的测定》测定游离氨基酸含量。
根据课题组建立的方法测定白茶中的咖啡碱、儿茶素、没食子酸和黄酮组分含量。具体如下:准确称取0.2 g(精确到0.001 g)经40目筛的白茶粉于25 mL烧杯中,加入70%甲醇15 mL,70 ℃水浴25 min,用脱脂棉过滤至25 mL容量瓶中,用70%甲醇定容后过0.45 μm有机膜,注入进样瓶得到待测液。HPLC分析条件:高速液相色谱系统,色谱柱为Hypersil BDS C18柱(4.6×250 mm,5 μm);流动相A为0.261%磷酸,5%乙腈;流动相B为0.261%磷酸,80%乙腈;梯度洗脱程序:0~3 min,5% B,3~22 min,5%~32% B,22~26 min,32% B,26~29 min,32%~5% B,40 min,5% B,检测波长:278 nm,柱温43 ℃,进样量10 μL。利用标准品的保留时间对色谱峰进行定性,采用外标法进行定量[16,27]。计算公式如式(1):
$ {\mathrm{C_x}}=\frac{{\mathrm{S}}_{\text{x}}}{{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{i}}}{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}} $
式中:Cx为测定物质的含量(mg/g);Sx和Si分别为测定物质与标准物质的峰面积;Ci为标准物质的含量(mg/g)。
$\rm 苦涩味指数=\frac{EGCG+EGC+ECG+GC}{EC+C} $
根据课题组建立的方法测定白茶中氨基酸组分含量[27−28]。样品制备:准确称取0.1 g(精确到0.001 g)样品于25 mL试管中,加入20 mL沸水浸提30 min(期间搅动2~3次使其充分提取)后过滤于250 mL容量瓶中,用蒸馏水定容,混匀后用0.45 μm有机膜过滤于进样瓶中上机测定。HPLC分析条件:色谱柱为Agela Venusil AA(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相A为15.2 g无水醋酸钠+1850 mL水+140 mL乙腈,pH7.2,流动相B相为35%乙腈+45%甲醇+0.2%乙酸。梯度洗脱程序:0~6 min,5% B→10% B;6~8 min,10% B;8~10 min,10% B→16% B;10~23 min,16% B→40% B;23~30 min,40% B→50% B;30~32 min,50% B;32~33 min,50% B→100% B;33~35 min,100% B;35~36 min,100% B→5% B;36~44 min,5% B;检测波长:338 nm,柱温:40.0 ℃,进样体积:10 µL。采用滋味活度值(taste active value,TAV)分析化合物对滋味的贡献程度[11]。计算公式如下:
$ \text{TAV}=\frac{\text{C}}{\text{T}} $
式中:C为滋味物质的含量(mg/g);T为滋味物质的阈值(mg/g)。
使用德国AIRSENSE PEN3型便携式电子鼻对不同品种白茶的干茶和叶底香气成分进行测定,样品准备和分析条件与赵苗苗等[29]相一致。干茶样品准备:称取3 g茶样置于检测瓶中静置30 min,待测。叶底样品准备:每个茶样称取5 g置于50 mL锥形瓶中,用量筒量取50 mL、100 ℃沸水冲泡5 min后滤出茶汤,双层膜密封,待叶底冷却到室温时检测,每个样品重复检测3次,电子鼻检测项目为茶叶香气10类成分,具体如表2所示。选取检测响应处于平稳的47~53 s的数值进行分析。
挥发性化合物的萃取参照杨丽冉等[30]的方法进行。色谱条件:DB-5MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气为高纯氦气,恒流流速1.2 mL/min,进样口温度250 ℃,不分流进样,溶剂延迟3.5 min。程序升温:40 ℃保持3.5 min,以10 ℃/min 升至100 ℃,再以7 ℃/min升至80 ℃,最后以25 ℃/min升至280 ℃,保持5 min。
质谱条件:电子轰击离子源(EI),离子源温度230 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃,质谱接口温度280 ℃,电子能量70 eV,扫描方式选择离子检测模式,质量扫描范围m/z 35~400。将GC-MS检测到的数据通过NIST标准谱库并且结合文献的标准谱图进行检索定性,保留相似度80%以上的香气物质,按面积归一法对香气组分进行定量,计算所检测到的各组分相对含量,每个品种白茶样品进行3次重复测定。
$\rm \mathrm{X}_{i}=\frac{\mathrm{V}_{S} \times \mathrm{C}_{S}}{\mathrm{M}} \times \frac{\mathrm{I}_{i}}{\mathrm{I}_{s}} \times 10^{-3} $
式中:Xᵢ为待测香气物质i的相对含量(μg/g);Vs为加入内标物的体积(μL);Cs为内标物的浓度(μg/mL);M为白茶样品的质量(g);Is为内标物的峰面积;Iᵢ为香气物质i的峰面积。
采用气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)分析化合物对香气的贡献程度[11]。计算公式如下:
$ \text{OAV}=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{i}}}{{\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{i}}} $
式中:Ci为香气成分i的相对含量(μg/g);Ti为香气成分i的阈值(μg/g)。
所有实验数据均重复测定3次,以平均值±标准偏差表示各测定数据均值,利用SPSS 24.0进行单因素差异分析、显著性分析(P<0.05表示差异显著)和相关性分析;采用SIMCA 14.1进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)、变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP)分析和层序聚类分析(hierar-chical clustering,HCA);使用Origin 8软件绘制柱形图,采用TBtools绘制热图,采用迈维代谢在线云工具绘制相关性网络图。根据文献报道和TGSC数据库(http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/)对差异香气化合物进行风味注释。
茶叶感官审评是目前评价茶叶品质优劣和等级高低的常用方法[1,4]。不同品种白牡丹白茶的感官品质及得分如表3和图1A所示。由表3和图1A可知,FDDB、ZC302、CC2所制白茶的感官总得分显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),WNZ和FX9的感官总得分显著低于其他品种白茶(P<0.05)。8个品种之间的各项审评因子存在差异,表现为:在外形上,FDDB翠绿白毫显,芽叶连枝,得分最高,ZC302的芽头较为肥壮,色泽绿白毫显,CC2灰绿,MS131和ZC108灰绿、暗,而黄金芽为棕黄色,得分低于除WNZ外的其他白茶;在汤色上,8个品种白茶均以黄色为主,但其深浅度存在差异,CC2、FDDB和ZC302得分显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05)。在香气和滋味方面,CC2毫香带花香、滋味鲜甜,FDDB和ZC302毫香,滋味鲜甜,FX9和ZC108清香较鲜醇,MS131清香带毫香,鲜尚甜醇,HJY清香稍带甜香鲜甜,有酵味,而WNZ表现为清香、尚鲜醇带生青味,评分显著低于其他品种白茶(P<0.05)。除WNZ的叶底为黄绿尚柔软,HJY叶底色泽为黄、花杂外,其余6个不同品种白茶茶样的叶底嫩度均较高,主要为黄绿柔软。8种白牡丹白茶在感官上产生差异的主要原因可能是由于不同茶树品种所含有的物质基础差异所导致的[1,4]。感官审评结果表明,FDDB、ZC302和CC2三个茶树品种的白牡丹白茶在感官品质上具有良好的适制性。
茶树品种对白牡丹白茶的滋味和香气品质影响较大,为了消除传统感官审评中人为因素带来的误差,根据课题组前期建立的QDA分析方法[16],采用甜味、鲜味、苦味、涩味和青味对不同品种白牡丹白茶的滋味品质进一步分析,结果如图1B所示。8个品种白茶的苦味和涩味相似,但它们的甜味、鲜味和青味却有显著差异(P<0.05)。ZC302、FDDB和CC2的甜味和鲜味显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),WNZ的甜味和鲜味得分最低,FX9和WNZ的青味得分分别为2.56分和2.41分,显著高于其余6个品种白茶(P<0.05)。此外,用毫香、嫩香、清香、甜香、青气和花香对香气品质进行比较,结果如图1C所示。8个品种白牡丹白茶香气主要以毫香、嫩香和清香为主,其中,ZC302、FDDB和CC2的毫香和嫩香得分最高,WNZ和FX9的清香,以及ZC108和HJY的甜香得分高于其余6个品种。此外,WNZ、FX9、ZC108和MS131的青气得分分别为1.36、1.38、1.41和1.66分,高于其他品种,CC2的花香得分为1.46分,显著(P<0.05)高于其余7个品种白牡丹白茶。上述结果表明ZC302、FDDB和CC2更适合制作白茶。
茶树品种是影响白茶生化成分含量和品质差异的关键原因[11,20]。水浸出物是指白茶中能够溶于水的一切物质的总称,其含量高低与白茶滋味品质高低直接相关[5,30]。由表4可知,8个茶树品种白牡丹白茶的水浸出物含量范围为40.67%~48.55%,均满足白茶国家标准中>30%的规定[5],其中,HJY的水浸出物含量最低,为40.67%,其余7个品种白茶含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。
茶多酚作为白茶茶汤中苦涩味的主要呈味物质,也是白茶中主要的活性成分[31]。不同品种白茶茶多酚含量为23.59%~32.66%,ZC302、FDDB和HJY的含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于其他品种白茶(P<0.05)。结合感官审评结果,WNZ的茶多酚含量最高,滋味表现“尚鲜醇”的品质特点,得分最低。
游离氨基酸已被证实对白茶茶汤的鲜甜味有重要贡献,其对于提高茶汤的鲜爽度,降低苦涩味物质对口腔的刺激具有重要作用[5,31−32]。8个白牡丹白茶的游离氨基酸含量范围为3.15%~6.14%,其中HJY的含量显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),ZC302、FDDB和CC2的含量也显著高于其余四种白茶(P<0.05)。结合感官审评结果,HJY、ZC302、FDDB和CC2白茶的游离氨基酸总量含量较高,滋味表现“鲜甜”的口感。
酚氨比是茶汤鲜爽度的衡量指标之一,酚氨比值越低,说明茶汤越柔和、越鲜爽[16,31]。8个白牡丹白茶的酚氨比为4.02~10.57,与前人研究结果得出白茶中酚氨比范围结果一致[4−5],表明本研究所制白茶符合传统白茶的品质要求。统计分析发现MS131中的酚氨比最高,为10.57,HJY、ZC302和FDDB的酚氨比较低,表明MS131的苦涩味最重,HJY、ZC302和FDDB的苦涩味较低,而鲜爽度较高,与感官审评和QDA分析结果相一致。
没食子酸(Gallic acid,GA)属于酚酸类物质,对茶汤的酸味及涩味有一定贡献[5,31]。8个白牡丹白茶的GA含量为1.81~4.99 mg/g,其中FX9的含量显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),与其滋味表现为“较鲜醇,有酸味”相对应。
咖啡碱(Caffeine,CAF)等生物碱是茶汤苦味的主要贡献者,其与白茶滋味感官得分密切相关[31,33]。HJY中的CAF含量最低,仅为21.56 mg/g,MS131含量最高,达47.52 mg/g,其次是ZC108,为47.13 mg/g,与QDA分析发现MS131和ZC108苦味得分最高相一致。
儿茶素和黄酮类是茶叶中的主要功效成分,也是茶汤苦涩味的主要呈味物质[11,31]。8个品种白茶的酯型儿茶素包括儿茶素没食子酸酯(Catechin gallate,CG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epicatechin gallate,ECG)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Gallocatechin gallate,GCG)和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)和非酯型儿茶素包括儿茶素(Catechin,C)、表儿茶素(Epicatechin,EC)、没食子儿茶素(Gallocatechin,GC)和表没食子儿茶素(Epigallocatechin,EGC))含量测定结果如图2所示。
茶叶中的黄酮/黄酮醇及其苷类化合物具有较低的味觉阈值,对茶汤的收敛性有一定的贡献[16,31]。由图2A可知,WNZ、MS131、FX9中GC、EGC和C的含量显著高于其他品种白茶。HJY中的EGCG含量显著低于其他品种白茶,而EC和GCG的含量显著高于其他品种白茶,此外,ZC108中的ECG和CG含量显著高于其他品种白茶。本次检测到的5种黄酮组分中,芦丁的含量最高,其次是木犀草素,两者在MS131中的含量均显著高于其他品种。MS131和FX9的黄酮总量显著高于其他品种白茶,黄酮含量最低的是CC2。上述结果表明,ZC302、FDDB、CC2和HJY所制白茶的苦涩味较低,与感官审评结果一致。
由图2B可知,MS131的儿茶素总量最高,达186.67±1.25 mg/g,其次为FX9(181.35±0.96 mg/g),ZC302、FDDB和CC2的儿茶素总量显著低于除HJY外的白茶(P<0.05),但三者之间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。HJY的儿茶素总量最低,仅为83.40 mg/g。酯型儿茶素具有强烈的苦涩感,而非酯型儿茶素则苦味较轻,具有回甘的特征[31,34];MS131的酯型儿茶素含量最高,达120.06 mg/g,FX9和ZC108的酯型儿茶素也显著高于其余5个品种(P<0.05),但两者差异不显著(P>0.05),HJY的酯型儿茶素含量最低,仅为33.15 mg/g。WNZ的非酯型儿茶素含量显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),其次是FX9和MS131,FDDB、CC2、ZC108和HJY的非酯型儿茶素含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于ZC302。儿茶素苦涩味指数常用作茶汤苦涩味程度判定的依据,苦涩味指数越大,茶汤苦涩味越重[35−36]。
由图2C可知,ZC108的苦涩味指数显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),MS131也显著高于除ZC108外的6个品种白茶(P<0.05),ZC302和CC2处于中间,而HJY的苦涩味指数显著低于其他品种白茶(P<0.05)。
氨基酸与茶汤的鲜爽味和香气关系密切,对白茶滋味有重要贡献[37−38]。8个品种白茶共检测出20种氨基酸,其中ZC302、FDDB和HJY的氨基酸总量不存在统计学差异(P>0.05),而显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),MS131的氨基酸总量显著低于其他品种白茶(P<0.05),仅为25.09 mg/g。根据氨基酸的呈味特征,可将本次测定到的20种氨基酸划分为鲜味、甜味和苦味氨基酸[11,27],各品种白茶中的组分含量的变化与差异如表5所示。尽管不同品种白茶中的氨基酸组分含量存在差异,但不同滋味特征氨基酸在8个品种白牡丹白茶中的比例分布规律一致,均表现为鲜爽味氨基酸比例最高,其次是苦味氨基酸,甜味氨基酸的比例最低。茶氨酸是茶叶中主要的鲜味氨基酸,具有增强茶汤鲜爽、顺滑和醇厚口感的作用[11,31]。FDDB中的茶氨酸含量在8个不同品种白茶中含量最高,为18.94 mg/g。其次是ZC302(17.33 mg/g)和HJY(17.28 mg/g),MS131的茶氨酸含量最低,仅为8.23 mg/g。谷氨酸是鲜味类氨基酸中鲜强度最具代表性的物质之一[11,26,31],FDDB、CC2、FX9和HJY白茶中的谷氨酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。丙氨酸和丝氨酸是茶叶中有代表性的甜味氨基酸[31],两者在FDDB和CC2白茶中的含量均显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05)。精氨酸属于苦味氨基酸,但其苦味能够被谷氨酸钠以及腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸掩饰,能够对茶汤起到提鲜的作用[11],ZC302、FDDB和CC2中的含量显著高于其他品种白茶(P<0.05)。此外,精氨酸在茶叶加工过程中还能转化为芳香类氨基酸,对白茶的香气有促进作用[11]。CC2中的精氨酸含量最高,为1.89 mg/g,推测可能是造成CC2在感官审评中具有少量花香的诱因[11]。
为了探明不同茶树品种白牡丹白茶中的关键差异滋味物质,采用OPLS-DA对8个不同品种白茶38种滋味物质差异进行分析。从图3A可以看出,除FDDB和ZC302距离较近外,8个品种白茶在OPLS-DA得分图上能较好地分开,第1主成分的贡献率为67.4%,第2主成分的贡献率为15.5%,累计贡献率为82.9%,说明前两个主成分充分反映了8个不同品种白茶中滋味物质的情况。通过200次置换检验验证了模型的稳定性,Q2截距值为−1.10,表明模型具有可靠性且未出现过拟合现象(图3B),可用于不同品种白茶的判别分析。HCA分析结果显示8个品种白茶聚为3簇,其中HJY单独为一簇,ZC302、FDDB和CC2聚为一簇,ZC108、WNZ、FX9和MS131聚为一簇(图3C),说明在鲜叶原料级别和加工工艺一致的情况下,HJY与其他品种白茶的滋味物质差异较大,这与黄金芽本身是黄化品种,其叶片较薄、酚类物质较少、氨基酸物质较高和水浸出物含量较低等因素相关[39]。为确定导致8个品种白牡丹白茶滋味差异的关键代谢物,本研究构建了VIP图谱,VIP>1时,表明该变量对分类具有重要贡献,且VIP值越大,表明该变量在不同品种白茶间的差异就越显著[11,38]。由图3D可知,有9个滋味物质的VIP值>1,可作为区分不同品种白茶的标志物,分别为EGCG、CAF、EGC、C、GC、茶多酚、茶氨酸、水浸出物和ECG。表明这9个滋味物质为8个品种白牡丹白茶的差异滋味物质。
白茶的滋味特征与儿茶素、氨基酸和咖啡碱等的含量高低有关,TAV是一种有效的滋味评价方法,通常用来判断茶汤中不同呈味化合物对整体口感的贡献,一般认为TAV>1的化合物对滋味有显著贡献,TAV越大贡献越大[38]。根据不同品种白茶中差异化合物的含量及其对应阈值的比值,计算得到7种差异物质在不同品种白茶中的TAV(表6)。结果显示,除茶氨酸外,其余6种差异物质均具有苦涩味特征,且EGCG、CAF、EGC、C、GC和ECG的TAV值均大于1,是白茶茶汤中贡献苦涩味的主要物质,但其在FDDB、ZC302、CC2和HJY中的TAV值要小于其他品种。同样,茶氨酸在8个品种白茶中的TAV值均大于1,在FDDB中的TAV值明显高于其他品种,为315.67,在MS131中最低,仅为137.17。这可能是FDDB滋味鲜甜的原因,与感官审评中FDDB滋味呈现出鲜甜和QDA分析中鲜味得分最高表现一致。此外ZC302和CC2中茶氨酸的TAV值也较高于其他品种。基于感官品质和滋味物质分析,本研究认为FDDB、ZC302和CC2白茶的品质优于其他品种,因此,选择这3个优势品种白茶进行后续分析。
电子鼻对香气具有极高的敏感性,挥发性化合物的微小变化即可引发不同的传感器响应。目前,电子鼻技术已被用于评估红茶的质量等级[42]、监测乌龙茶烘焙过程中的香气变化[43]、水质对普洱茶风味品质的影响[29],以及探究茶毫对白茶香气的贡献[44]。为了研究不同品种白牡丹白茶挥发性成分的差异,采用FDDB、ZC302和CC2三个品种白茶在10个传感器上的响应值绘制了雷达图和PCA图。如图4A和图4C所示,3个品种白茶干茶和叶底雷达图的形状相似,但部分传感器响应值存在明显差异,说明3个品种白茶的挥发性物质种类大体相似,但含量上存在差异。此外,在10个传感器上,W1W传感器响应值的变化最为明显,说明它对3个品种白茶的区分起主要作用。因此,3个品种白茶的香气特征差异可能与硫化物相对含量差异有关。为了进一步了解3个品种白茶香气差异,采用主成分分析法对其干茶和叶底的电子鼻检测结果进行分析。由图4B和图4D可知,3个品种白茶得到明显区分,说明其香气品质存在较大差异。
3个品种白茶样品共检测出1489种香气成分,包括302种萜类、239种酯类、169种酮类、148种醇类、143种杂环化合物、112种醛类、84种烃类、69种酸类、53种酚类、48种胺类、45种芳烃、34种醚类、19种含氮化合物、13种卤代烃和11种含硫化合物(图5A)。由图5B可知,ZC302的香气化合物相对含量为929.05 μg/g,显著高于CC2(701.90 μg/g)和FDDB(688.11 μg/g)(P<0.05)。各品种白茶中均为萜类化合物含量最高,然后是杂环类化合物、醇类、酮类、烃类和胺类,其在3个品种白茶中的相对含量均超过30 μg/g。此外,除酯类、酸类、含氮化合物和卤代烃外,ZC302中的其余11类化合物的相对含量均高于CC2和FDDB。ZC302中相对含量前6的化合物为萜类(384.76 μg/g)、杂环化合物(161.52 μg/g)、醇类(146.61 μg/g)、酮类(59.69 μg/g)、烃类(44.28 μg/g)和胺类(37.71 μg/g);CC2中萜类的相对含量最高(294.82 μg/g),其次为杂环化合物(113.11 μg/g)、醇类(80.69 μg/g)、酮类(57.10 μg/g)、烃类(36.84 μg/g)和醛类(32.03 μg/g);FDDB中萜类的相对含量最高(263.68 μg/g),其次为杂环化合物(127.98 μg/g)、醇类(99.09 μg/g)、酮类(53.01 μg/g)、烃类(33.43 μg/g)和醛类(30.92 μg/g)。统计分析发现,3个品种白茶中上述6种香气化合物的相对含量占比均超过87%,这说明不同品种白茶之间香气差异主要由萜类化合物、杂环类化合物、醇类、酮类、烃类和胺类的相对含量差异引起。
为了解析不同品种白牡丹白茶的代谢特征,基于不同品种白茶的1489种香气成分相对含量构建PCA和OPLS-DA得分图。无监督的PCA得分图显示(图6A),PC1和PC2的方差贡献率分别为46.4%和25.1%,累计方差贡献率为69.5%,可以较有效地反映不同品种白茶之间的香气差异。随后采用有监督的OPLS-DA进一步探究不同品种白茶之间的香气代谢物差异。由图6B可知,FDDB分布在第二象限,CC2分布在第三象限,ZC302分布在横轴的正半轴上,其拟合参数为R2X(cum)=0.965,R2Y(cum)=0.988,Q2(cum)=0.967,拟合结果可靠且具有较强的预测能力,表明不同茶树品种白茶的香气存在明显差异。通过200次置换检验验证了模型的稳定性,所得模型的R2为0.737,Q2为−0.837,其Q2与Y轴相交的截距小于0,该模型未出现过拟合现象,故模型可靠并能用于3个不同品种白茶香气的判别分析(图6C)。基于OPLS-DA得分图提取得到的主成分进行HCA分析(图6D),结果显示3个品种白茶样品主要分为2个不同的组别:ZC302单独列为一组,FDDB和CC2聚为一组,这与感官审评结果一致。
为确定导致3个品种白茶香气品质差异的关键香气物质,本研究基于OPLS-DA分析构建了VIP图谱。通过筛选P<0.05且VIP>1.0的香气物质,共鉴定出47种关键香气成分。由于香气成分含量的高低并不能直接表明其对白茶整体香气贡献程度,而是由气味阈值与含量共同决定的[11],结合不同品种白茶香气成分的相对含量,通过相关文献和TGSC数据库查阅香气物质的阈值[16−17],在一定范围内,OAV越大,该物质对香气形成的贡献越大[8]。在筛选的关键香气物质(P<0.05且VIP>1.0)基础上计算OAV,本次筛选到OAV>1的关键香气成分共有28种(表7),包括醇类4种、醛类7种、萜类14种、杂环化合物2种和酯类1种,这些物质主要表现为花香、果香、甜香、清香和青气,共同决定了不同品种白茶的香气特征。
为进一步探究这28种关键香气化合物在不同品种白茶之间的差异,采用热图可视化HCA对其进行分析(图7)。结果显示,3个品种白茶被聚类为3组,表明茶叶样品组间存在显著性差异。在ZC302中,一些令人愉悦的苯乙醇(果香、甜香)、(+)-二氢香芹酮(草本香)、(E)-β-罗勒烯(果香)、(E)-3-己烯醇(清香)、2,6-二甲基-5-庚醛(清香)和令人不愉悦的(Z)-3-己烯醇(青气)、3-己烯-1-醇(青气)的相对含量明显高于CC2和FDDB,(E,E)-2,4-庚二醛(青气)和(E)-2-己烯醛(青气)等这些表现为令人不愉悦的香气成分,则低于其他品种白茶。可能是造成QDA中ZC302清香得分较高而青气得分较低的原因;在CC2中,月桂烯(木质香)、芳樟醇(花香、果香)、β-罗勒烯(果香)、香叶醇(花香)、β-蒎烯(木质香)、β-水芹烯(果香)、D-柠檬烯(果香)、柠檬烯(果香)、苯乙醛(花香)、柠檬醛(柠檬香、清香)、α-水芹烯(果香)、邻伞花烃(果香)、δ-杜松烯(草本香)、2-甲基苯甲醛(花香)这些令人愉悦的香气成分高于其他品种,一些令人不愉悦的成分,如(Z)-3-己烯醇(青气)、正己醛(青气)和(E)-2-己烯醛(青气)低于其他品种白茶,可能是造成感官审评中CC2具有花香特征及其花香得分最高而青气较低的原因。在FDDB白茶中,除令人愉悦的反式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型,花香)、苯甲醛(甜香)、1-辛烯-3-乙酸酯(清香)和令人不愉悦的乙烯基吡嗪(青气)、正己醛(青气)、(E,E)-2,4-庚二醛(青气)外,其余香气物质的相对含量均低于ZC302和CC2,可能是造成其花香得分低于ZC302和CC2的重要原因。综上所述,3个品种白茶间香气的差异主要来源于这些关键差异香气的组成和比例差异。芳樟醇、香叶醇和苯乙醛的高表达赋予了CC2花香的品质特征,而(Z)-3-己烯醇、正己醛和(E)-2-己烯醛的低表达造成其青气低于其他两个品种白茶。
本研究通过QDA、电子鼻和代谢物组学技术,结合多元统计分析比较了宜宾茶区8个主栽茶树品种所制白茶的品质差异。结果表明,FDDB、ZC302和CC2所制白茶毫香显露或带花香,滋味鲜甜,综合得分最高,而WNZ和FX9表现为清香带青气,滋味尚鲜醇带生青味或酸味,得分较低。此外,MS131和FX9的茶多酚、儿茶素总量及酯型儿茶素含量均最高,苦涩味指数最大;HJY的游离氨基酸含量最高,酚氨比和水浸出物含量较低。FDDB、ZC302和CC2中呈苦涩味的茶多酚、酯型儿茶素的含量较低而呈鲜爽味的茶氨酸、谷氨酸等氨基酸含量较高。通过OPLS-DA和TAV分析,共筛选得到EGCG、咖啡碱、EGC、儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、茶多酚、茶氨酸、水浸出物和ECG等9种造成8个品种白茶滋味差异的关键物质,其中茶氨酸在FDDB、ZC302、HJY和CC2中的TAV值较高,是其滋味鲜爽度较高的原因。
萜类、杂环类化合物、醇类、酮类、烃类和胺类是FDDB、ZC302、CC2三个优势品种白茶的主要香气物质。通过OPLS-DA和OAV分析筛选得到28个关键差异香气物质,CC2的芳樟醇、香叶醇和苯乙醛等花香成分含量显著高于其他两个品种,而(Z)-3-己烯醇、正己醛和(E)-2-己烯醛等青气成分含量相对较低,这可能是CC2花香明显的主要原因。ZC302中呈果香、甜香和清香的苯乙醇、(E)-β-罗勒烯、(E)-3-己烯醇等香气成分相对含量较高,但部分青气物质的相对含量较高。FDDB中反式-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、苯甲醛等花香成分含量较高,但整体香气化合物和令人愉悦的香气物质相对含量低于ZC302和CC2。综上所述,FDDB、ZC302和CC2在宜宾茶区具有良好的白茶适制性。但本研究未能揭示不同滋味和香气物质之间的相互作用及其对白茶品质形成的影响,后续应该开展这方面的研究,更好为宜宾白茶茶树品种选择及工艺优化提供理论支撑。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026040391
  • 接收时间:2026-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-30
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    1宜宾职业技术学院现代农业学院,四川宜宾 644003
    2云南农业大学茶学院,云南昆明 650201
    3宜宾市茶产业研究院,四川宜宾 644100

通讯作者:

杨丽冉(1996−)女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:。
蒋宾(1993−)男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工与综合利用研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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