Article(id=1320881262538117705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020228, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1772208000000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852233776, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852233776, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852233776, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852233776, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=213, endPage=222, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881262806553162, articleId=1320881262538117705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Lonicera japonica Polysaccharide on Moisture Migration, Network Structure, and Quality of Frozen Dough for Steamed Red Bean Paste Buns, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of Lonicera japonica polysaccharide(LJP)on the frozen storage stability of frozen dough and the quality of pre-proofed red bean paste buns. Frozen dough samples were prepared with different levels of LJP (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%). Following freeze–thaw cycle treatment, the pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of the dough were evaluated, together with moisture migration and protein secondary structure. In addition, the texture, specific volume, color, electronic nose response, and sensory scores of the resulting red bean paste buns were analyzed. The results showed that LJP improved dough stability during frozen storage by binding water molecules through its hydrophilic groups, thereby mitigating ice crystal-induced damage to the gluten network and enhancing the water-holding capacity and structural integrity of the dough. At an LJP addition level of 1.5%, the dough exhibited the highest storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"), the greatest proportion of bound water, and increased contents of the more stable α-helix and β-sheet structures in the protein secondary structure. The gluten network at this level also showed the most compact and continuous microstructure. Correspondingly, the red bean paste buns prepared with 1.5% LJP displayed the highest specific volume and height-to-diameter ratio, reaching 1.28 mL·g−1 and 0.534, respectively, along with favorable textural characteristics. The addition of 1.5% LJP increased the contents of aromatic compounds and terpenoids, and inhibited the production of undesirable volatile components. The highest sensory score (89.4) was also obtained at this level, indicating the best overall product quality. In contrast, excessive addition of LJP (2.0%) disrupted gluten network continuity and adversely affected product quality. Overall, these findings provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of hydrocolloid-based quality improvers for frozen dough and suggest a promising new application of LJP in the industrial production of flour-based foods.

, authors=Meng CAO1, Chang LIU1, Baogang WANG1, Feng ZHOU1, Jikai JIANG1, Liming ZHANG1, Junpeng YI1, Jianfang LI1, *, Haiyan GAO2, *, Jianzhi FANG3, authorsList=Meng CAO, Chang LIU, Baogang WANG, Feng ZHOU, Jikai JIANG, Liming ZHANG, Junpeng YI, Jianfang LI, Haiyan GAO, Jianzhi FANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianfang LI, Haiyan GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881264287142487, articleId=1320881262538117705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=金银花多糖对冷冻生坯水分迁移、网络结构及豆沙包品质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究金银花多糖(Lonicera Japonica Polysaccharide,LJP)对冷冻生坯冻藏稳定性及预醒发豆沙包品质的影响,本研究将不同添加量(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)的LJP加入冷冻面团,经冻融循环处理后,测定面团的糊化、流变学、热力学特性,以及水分迁移、蛋白质二级结构,并分析豆沙包的质构、比容、色泽、电子鼻及感官评分等指标。结果表明:LJP可通过亲水基团束缚水分子,减少冰晶对面筋网络的破坏,提升面团的持水能力与结构稳定性。当LJP添加量为1.5%时,面团的储能模量(G')与损耗模量(G'')达到峰值,束缚水比例较高,蛋白质二级结构中稳定的α-螺旋和β-折叠占比回升,面筋网络致密性最佳。此添加量下的豆沙包比容与高径比最大,分别为1.28 mL·g−1和0.534,质构特性良好,且能提升芳香族、萜烯类风味物质含量,抑制不良挥发性成分产生,感官评分达89.4分,综合品质最优。当LJP过量添加(2.0%)会破坏面筋网络连续性,导致产品品质下降。本研究结果为开发亲水胶体型冷冻面团品质改良剂提供了理论依据与技术参考,也为金银花多糖在面制品工业化生产中的应用开辟了新路径。

, authors=曹蒙1, 刘畅1, 王宝刚1, 周枫1, 姜继凯1, 张黎明1, 易军鹏1, 李建芳1, *, 高海燕2, *, 方建智3, authorsList=曹蒙, 刘畅, 王宝刚, 周枫, 姜继凯, 张黎明, 易军鹏, 李建芳, 高海燕, 方建智, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李建芳, 高海燕, authorNote=

曹蒙(1994−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:粮食深加工及转化,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李建芳(1979−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:生物保鲜与食品微生物,E-mail:。
高海燕(1973−),男,硕士,教授,研究方向:粮食深加工与转化,E-mail:。
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Journal of Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs, 2021, 36(8): 112−117.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881545884320612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU H, CHEN J, ZHA0 Z L. The influence of Maillard reaction on flavor substances in red bean paste filling[J]. Journal of Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs, 2021, 36(8): 112−117., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881545951429477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SALEH G, EL DARRA N, KHARROUBI S, et al. Influence of storage conditions on quality and safety of eggs collected from Lebanese farms[J]. 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注:A:储能模量(G'),B:损耗模量(G'');C:损耗角正切值(tanδ)。

, figureFileSmall=MAsbTV9kAYEHz9+0NSGBxw==, figureFileBig=XH9WctbK+CBo7VHyJdrNgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536350667544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Influence of LJP on the moisture distribution of pre-fermented freeze-thaw red bean paste buns, figureFileSmall=jnjSV9g8SnEZ4xrinCh5hw==, figureFileBig=Yz9+bwfNOiUlSojvaHZQyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536430359321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=图2, caption=LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯水分分布的影响

注:不同上标小写字母的数值表示不同质量分数LJP之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);图3、图4、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=jnjSV9g8SnEZ4xrinCh5hw==, figureFileBig=Yz9+bwfNOiUlSojvaHZQyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536581354266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Influence of LJP on the secondary structure of pre-fermented freeze-thaw red bean paste buns, figureFileSmall=yRoArsst0XWf6KcOsz2CZQ==, figureFileBig=7GPpaqHO5hWuOerBf0Ak1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536652657435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=图3, caption=LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯二级结构的影响, figureFileSmall=yRoArsst0XWf6KcOsz2CZQ==, figureFileBig=7GPpaqHO5hWuOerBf0Ak1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536715571996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Influence of LJP on the texture of pre-fermented freeze-thaw red bean paste buns, figureFileSmall=if9d/27hiYW3Mu/KqnaG1Q==, figureFileBig=aHHYeAfkJ1dlVJqFmMaopg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536782680861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=图4, caption=LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯质构的影响, figureFileSmall=if9d/27hiYW3Mu/KqnaG1Q==, figureFileBig=aHHYeAfkJ1dlVJqFmMaopg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536845595422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Influence of LJP on the PCA and electronic nose response values of pre-fermented freeze-thaw red bean paste buns, figureFileSmall=jpzNr1uzfLJDfS6IOhSHXQ==, figureFileBig=9qo5jbkuGE04Xg5Ad6I5hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536908509983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=图5, caption=LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包主要成分分析(PCA)和电子鼻响应值雷达图, figureFileSmall=jpzNr1uzfLJDfS6IOhSHXQ==, figureFileBig=9qo5jbkuGE04Xg5Ad6I5hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881536975618848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of LJP on sensory evaluation of pre fermented frozen thawed bean sandbags, figureFileSmall=OlzYBF9ebeUio5QhdT+vIA==, figureFileBig=2BlsiD/0A3TMk2IGRHYT9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881537046922017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=图6, caption=LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包感官评分的影响, figureFileSmall=OlzYBF9ebeUio5QhdT+vIA==, figureFileBig=2BlsiD/0A3TMk2IGRHYT9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881537126613794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Response types of various sensrs by electrinic nose

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阵列序号传感器名称性能描述
1W1C芳香族化合物
2W5S氢氧化合物
3W3C氨类和芳香族化合物
4W6S氢化物
5W5C烯烃和芳香型化合物
6W1S甲烷等短链烷烃
7W1W硫化物和萜烯类
8W2S醇类和部分芳香族化合物
9W2W有机硫化物和芳香族化合物
10W3S烷烃
), ArticleFig(id=1320881537197916963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电子鼻各个传感器的响应类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阵列序号传感器名称性能描述
1W1C芳香族化合物
2W5S氢氧化合物
3W3C氨类和芳香族化合物
4W6S氢化物
5W5C烯烃和芳香型化合物
6W1S甲烷等短链烷烃
7W1W硫化物和萜烯类
8W2S醇类和部分芳香族化合物
9W2W有机硫化物和芳香族化合物
10W3S烷烃
), ArticleFig(id=1320881537256637220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Citeria for sensory evaluation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准评分
表观状态外形规整度很好,无裂纹,平滑14~20
外形规整度一般,表皮稍粗糙,不平滑7~13
外形规整度差,对称性不好,塌陷0~6
内部结构纵剖面气孔大小分布均匀程度很好14~20
纵剖面气孔大小分布均匀程度好7~13
纵剖面气孔大小分布均匀程度差0~6
组织状态柔软、弹性和咀嚼性较强14~20
较柔软,弹性和咀嚼性一般7~13
弹性和咀嚼性较差0~6
色泽色泽自然度与均匀度很好14~20
色泽自然度与均匀度一般7~13
色泽自然度与均匀度差0~6
滋味风味纯正,口感细腻14~20
无异味,口感细腻7~13
有轻度酸味或异味,口感粗糙0~6
), ArticleFig(id=1320881537457963813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准评分
表观状态外形规整度很好,无裂纹,平滑14~20
外形规整度一般,表皮稍粗糙,不平滑7~13
外形规整度差,对称性不好,塌陷0~6
内部结构纵剖面气孔大小分布均匀程度很好14~20
纵剖面气孔大小分布均匀程度好7~13
纵剖面气孔大小分布均匀程度差0~6
组织状态柔软、弹性和咀嚼性较强14~20
较柔软,弹性和咀嚼性一般7~13
弹性和咀嚼性较差0~6
色泽色泽自然度与均匀度很好14~20
色泽自然度与均匀度一般7~13
色泽自然度与均匀度差0~6
滋味风味纯正,口感细腻14~20
无异味,口感细腻7~13
有轻度酸味或异味,口感粗糙0~6
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539085353766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Influence of LJP on the gelatinization characteristics of mixed flour dough

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量(%)峰值黏度(cP)谷值黏度(cP)衰减值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)
03941±10.12c2976±11.36b965±6.32c4447±8.32b1471±4.25c68.60±0.36ab
0.54068±9.56b3007±9.56a1061±1.65b4524±7.65ab1517±3.11b68.70±0.21a
1.04189±9.04b2733±8.36c1456±2.35a4297±7.45c1564±5.74ab67.80±0.16b
1.54183±6.75b2941±8.01b1242±4.85b4537±4.12a1596±5.01a68.55±0.09ab
2.04420±7.12a2980±5.45b1440±5.01ab4527±3.58ab1547±3.98ab68.60±0.11ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539165045543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

LJP对混合粉糊化特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量(%)峰值黏度(cP)谷值黏度(cP)衰减值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)
03941±10.12c2976±11.36b965±6.32c4447±8.32b1471±4.25c68.60±0.36ab
0.54068±9.56b3007±9.56a1061±1.65b4524±7.65ab1517±3.11b68.70±0.21a
1.04189±9.04b2733±8.36c1456±2.35a4297±7.45c1564±5.74ab67.80±0.16b
1.54183±6.75b2941±8.01b1242±4.85b4537±4.12a1596±5.01a68.55±0.09ab
2.04420±7.12a2980±5.45b1440±5.01ab4527±3.58ab1547±3.98ab68.60±0.11ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539286680360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Influence of LJP on the thermodynamic properties of pre-fermented freeze-thaw red bean paste buns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量
(%)
起始温度
(To,℃)
峰值温度
(Tp,℃)
终止温度
(Tc,℃)
糊化焓
(ΔH,J/g)
060.87±1.21d65.43±1.42c83.59±1.75c1.40±0.09d
0.562.56±0.98c69.34±0.17b86.65±1.35b1.75±0.12c
1.064.11±1.04b71.61±1.34a86.91±1.09b1.44±0.07d
1.563.47±0.79c69.35±0.89b90.25±1.14a2.37±0.11a
2.068.38±1.14a68.95±0.97b87.06±0.69b2.06±0.07b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539366372137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯热力学特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量
(%)
起始温度
(To,℃)
峰值温度
(Tp,℃)
终止温度
(Tc,℃)
糊化焓
(ΔH,J/g)
060.87±1.21d65.43±1.42c83.59±1.75c1.40±0.09d
0.562.56±0.98c69.34±0.17b86.65±1.35b1.75±0.12c
1.064.11±1.04b71.61±1.34a86.91±1.09b1.44±0.07d
1.563.47±0.79c69.35±0.89b90.25±1.14a2.37±0.11a
2.068.38±1.14a68.95±0.97b87.06±0.69b2.06±0.07b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539450258218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Influence of LJP on the moisture migration of pre-fermented freeze-thaw red bean paste buns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量(%)T21(ms)T22(ms)A21(%)A22(%)
00.01±0.001a55.908±0.163d97.796±0.945b2.204±0.126b
0.50.01±0.001a55.908±0.201d98.577±1.015ab1.432±0.205c
1.00.01±0.001a77.462±0.187b98.739±1.695a1.261±0.658c
1.50.01±0.001a65.793±0.108c98.510±1.364ab1.490±0.123c
2.00.01±0.001a91.116±0.314a96.897±1.987c3.103±0.136a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539534144299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯水分迁移的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量(%)T21(ms)T22(ms)A21(%)A22(%)
00.01±0.001a55.908±0.163d97.796±0.945b2.204±0.126b
0.50.01±0.001a55.908±0.201d98.577±1.015ab1.432±0.205c
1.00.01±0.001a77.462±0.187b98.739±1.695a1.261±0.658c
1.50.01±0.001a65.793±0.108c98.510±1.364ab1.490±0.123c
2.00.01±0.001a91.116±0.314a96.897±1.987c3.103±0.136a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539618030380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Influence of LJP on the specific volume, height-to-diameter ratio and color of pre-fermented freeze-thaw red bean paste buns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量
(%)
比容
(mL·g−1)
高径比L*a*b*
00.90±0.09c0.459±0.01c76.52±0.52a−0.13±0.05d21.61±0.65d
0.51.19±0.11b0.474±0.01b73.52±0.66b3.24±0.14c28.59±0.50b
1.01.18±0.08b0.481±0.02b64.12±0.45c3.37±0.24c26.55±0.51c
1.51.28±0.1a0.534±0.03a63.36±0.66c7.36±0.44b32.55±0.52a
2.01.23±0.09ab0.482±0.03b57.35±0.54d9.16±0.62a33.23±0.61a
), ArticleFig(id=1320881539693527853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881262538117705, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

LJP对预发酵冻融豆沙包比容、高径比、色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LJP添加量
(%)
比容
(mL·g−1)
高径比L*a*b*
00.90±0.09c0.459±0.01c76.52±0.52a−0.13±0.05d21.61±0.65d
0.51.19±0.11b0.474±0.01b73.52±0.66b3.24±0.14c28.59±0.50b
1.01.18±0.08b0.481±0.02b64.12±0.45c3.37±0.24c26.55±0.51c
1.51.28±0.1a0.534±0.03a63.36±0.66c7.36±0.44b32.55±0.52a
2.01.23±0.09ab0.482±0.03b57.35±0.54d9.16±0.62a33.23±0.61a
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金银花多糖对冷冻生坯水分迁移、网络结构及豆沙包品质的影响
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曹蒙 1 , 刘畅 1 , 王宝刚 1 , 周枫 1 , 姜继凯 1 , 张黎明 1 , 易军鹏 1 , 李建芳 1, * , 高海燕 2, * , 方建智 3
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(17): 213-222
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (17) : 213 -222
金银花多糖对冷冻生坯水分迁移、网络结构及豆沙包品质的影响
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曹蒙1 , 刘畅1, 王宝刚1, 周枫1, 姜继凯1, 张黎明1, 易军鹏1, 李建芳1, * , 高海燕2, * , 方建智3
作者信息
  • 1信阳农林学院食品科学与工程学院,河南信阳 464000
  • 2河南科技学院食品学院,河南新乡 453000
  • 3千李马(漯河)食品有限公司,河南漯河 462000
通讯作者:
李建芳(1979−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:生物保鲜与食品微生物,E-mail:。
高海燕(1973−),男,硕士,教授,研究方向:粮食深加工与转化,E-mail:。
作者简介:

曹蒙(1994−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:粮食深加工及转化,E-mail:

Effects of Lonicera japonica Polysaccharide on Moisture Migration, Network Structure, and Quality of Frozen Dough for Steamed Red Bean Paste Buns
Meng CAO1 , Chang LIU1, Baogang WANG1, Feng ZHOU1, Jikai JIANG1, Liming ZHANG1, Junpeng YI1, Jianfang LI1, * , Haiyan GAO2, * , Jianzhi FANG3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Xinyang University of Agriculture and Forestry, Xinyang 464000, China
  • 2School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China
  • 3Qianlima (Luohe) Food Co., Ltd., Luohe 462000, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020228
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为探究金银花多糖(Lonicera Japonica Polysaccharide,LJP)对冷冻生坯冻藏稳定性及预醒发豆沙包品质的影响,本研究将不同添加量(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)的LJP加入冷冻面团,经冻融循环处理后,测定面团的糊化、流变学、热力学特性,以及水分迁移、蛋白质二级结构,并分析豆沙包的质构、比容、色泽、电子鼻及感官评分等指标。结果表明:LJP可通过亲水基团束缚水分子,减少冰晶对面筋网络的破坏,提升面团的持水能力与结构稳定性。当LJP添加量为1.5%时,面团的储能模量(G')与损耗模量(G'')达到峰值,束缚水比例较高,蛋白质二级结构中稳定的α-螺旋和β-折叠占比回升,面筋网络致密性最佳。此添加量下的豆沙包比容与高径比最大,分别为1.28 mL·g−1和0.534,质构特性良好,且能提升芳香族、萜烯类风味物质含量,抑制不良挥发性成分产生,感官评分达89.4分,综合品质最优。当LJP过量添加(2.0%)会破坏面筋网络连续性,导致产品品质下降。本研究结果为开发亲水胶体型冷冻面团品质改良剂提供了理论依据与技术参考,也为金银花多糖在面制品工业化生产中的应用开辟了新路径。

金银花多糖  /  冻融循环  /  豆沙包  /  水分迁移  /  二级结构  /  电子鼻

To investigate the effects of Lonicera japonica polysaccharide(LJP)on the frozen storage stability of frozen dough and the quality of pre-proofed red bean paste buns. Frozen dough samples were prepared with different levels of LJP (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%). Following freeze–thaw cycle treatment, the pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of the dough were evaluated, together with moisture migration and protein secondary structure. In addition, the texture, specific volume, color, electronic nose response, and sensory scores of the resulting red bean paste buns were analyzed. The results showed that LJP improved dough stability during frozen storage by binding water molecules through its hydrophilic groups, thereby mitigating ice crystal-induced damage to the gluten network and enhancing the water-holding capacity and structural integrity of the dough. At an LJP addition level of 1.5%, the dough exhibited the highest storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"), the greatest proportion of bound water, and increased contents of the more stable α-helix and β-sheet structures in the protein secondary structure. The gluten network at this level also showed the most compact and continuous microstructure. Correspondingly, the red bean paste buns prepared with 1.5% LJP displayed the highest specific volume and height-to-diameter ratio, reaching 1.28 mL·g−1 and 0.534, respectively, along with favorable textural characteristics. The addition of 1.5% LJP increased the contents of aromatic compounds and terpenoids, and inhibited the production of undesirable volatile components. The highest sensory score (89.4) was also obtained at this level, indicating the best overall product quality. In contrast, excessive addition of LJP (2.0%) disrupted gluten network continuity and adversely affected product quality. Overall, these findings provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of hydrocolloid-based quality improvers for frozen dough and suggest a promising new application of LJP in the industrial production of flour-based foods.

Lonicera japonica polysaccharide  /  freeze–thaw cycle  /  red bean paste bun  /  moisture migration  /  secondary structure  /  electronic nose
曹蒙, 刘畅, 王宝刚, 周枫, 姜继凯, 张黎明, 易军鹏, 李建芳, 高海燕, 方建智. 金银花多糖对冷冻生坯水分迁移、网络结构及豆沙包品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 213 -222 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020228
Meng CAO, Chang LIU, Baogang WANG, Feng ZHOU, Jikai JIANG, Liming ZHANG, Junpeng YI, Jianfang LI, Haiyan GAO, Jianzhi FANG. Effects of Lonicera japonica Polysaccharide on Moisture Migration, Network Structure, and Quality of Frozen Dough for Steamed Red Bean Paste Buns[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 213 -222 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020228
金银花(Lonicera japonica)又名忍冬花、金银藤,为忍冬科忍冬属植物忍冬的干燥花蕾或待初开的花,味淡,微苦,气清香,主要分布在山东、河南、河北等地[1]。金银花多糖(LJP)作为金银花中最为主要的成分,提取工艺成熟,食品级产品性价比高,适配工业化生产,同时具有抗氧化、抑制淀粉样蛋白聚集活性、降血糖等功能[2]。除此之外,还有乳化稳定作用,可以代替部分乳化剂、增稠剂等食品添加剂应用于各种食品加工中,如饮料、糖果、糕点等[3]。研究发现,LJP作为优质亲水胶体,含有大量亲水基团(-OH、-COOH),在冷冻贮藏过程中可以很好地束缚水分子的流动,吸附水分子不易形成大冰晶,减少冰晶对酵母和面筋网络结构的破坏,改善冷冻面团的冷冻稳定性,防止面制品解冻后出水、变形,保持口感柔软[4]。
冷冻面团技术是指在面包和面点生产过程中,运用冷冻原理处理半成品或成品,其在包子规模化及产业化生产等方面具有显著优势[5]。预发酵冷冻豆沙包生坯技术将预发酵工艺与速冻技术有机结合,能实现终端产品仅需短暂解冻即可获得新鲜包子的目标,满足了现代食品工业对效率与品质的双重需求[6−7]。冷冻面团技术的推广应用,为解决面制品保质期短、生产效率低等行业痛点提供了高效解决方案,目前已广泛应用于我国传统面制品工业化生产中。然而,冷冻面团在冻融过程中水与冰相变引发的冰晶形成与重结晶现象,会产生机械应力、渗透压及物理扰动等多重作用,进而破坏面团中面筋蛋白、淀粉等关键组分的结构与功能,最终导致终产品出现体积萎缩、质地粗糙、发酵能力衰退等品质恶化问题,严重制约了面制品产业的高质量发展[8−10]。王秋玉等[11]研究发现,预醒发冷冻豆沙包生坯面团经过3次冻融后各项品质指标大幅下降,并且由生坯蒸制成熟的豆沙包的品质也有所下降。为延缓冻融循环对面团品质劣变的影响,研究人员发现一些来自植物的非淀粉多糖具有改善冷冻面团加工和营养特性的潜力,同时多糖类亲水胶体的添加也能给面制品的口感和质地带来积极的影响[12]。肖海辉等[13]研究发现,银耳多糖-石斛多糖(TP-DOP)能提高面团的热稳定性,延缓淀粉的回生,抑制水分的迁移,有效缓解冷冻面团流变性和微观结构的恶化。彭瑞芳等[14]研究发现,海藻糖能够改善冷冻馒头的硬度和咀嚼性,当添加2%的海藻糖会使馒头的面筋结构更紧密,馒头的品质最佳。
已有研究揭示多糖类改良剂对冷冻生坯面团和面制品的品质改良作用,但LJP作为一种新型的冷冻食品稳定剂,在改善冷冻面团品质与面制品具有良好的应用前景,但目前相关研究尚未见系统报道。
本研究将冷冻豆沙包生坯冻融循环后,探究LJP对冻融后面团流变学特性、热力学特性、蛋白二级结构特性和水分迁移的影响规律,同时分析豆沙包的水分迁移、流变学、质构特性、电子鼻、感官评分等指标,探究LJP对冷冻面团在冻融后的稳定性及豆沙包品质的影响,为开发多糖冷冻面团品质改良剂提供理论依据和技术参考。
五得利超精小麦粉(蛋白质9.6%、脂肪1.6%、碳水化合物73%) 五得利面粉集团有限公司;金银花多糖提取物(LJP,多糖含量≥80%,食品级) 杨凌慈缘生物技术有限公司提供;耐高糖高活性干酵母 安琪酵母股份有限公司;低糖红豆馅(蛋白质10%、油脂0%、碳水化合物20%、总糖≤10 g/100 g) 山东鲁粮食品开发有限公司。
SJJ-E08G1打面机 小熊电器股份有限公司;WFFD-26D发酵箱 广东省泓锋烘焙设备有限公司;HD-4水分活度仪 无锡市华科仪器仪表有限公司;DW-60L328超低温冰箱 浙江捷盛低温设备有限公司;MC-26GD蒸箱 裕富宝厨具设备有限公司;LS175色差仪 上海劲天仪器设备有限公司;101-3AS烘干箱 上海新诺仪器集团有限公司;CP214电子天平 奥豪斯仪器(上海)有限公司;C21S-C3150电磁炉 九阳股份有限公司;THZ-92B恒温振荡器 常州普天仪器制造有限公司;Tec Master快速黏度分析仪 澳大利亚新港科学仪器有限公司;TMS-PRO质构仪 北京盈盛恒泰科技有限责任公司;MCR 102e流变仪 安东帕(上海)商贸有限公司;FD-1A-50冷冻干燥机 上海比朗仪器制造有限公司;NMI20-040V-I核磁共振成像分析仪 苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司;PEN3.5电子鼻 德国AIRSENSE公司;Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iS50 FTIR光谱仪 赛默飞世尔(美国)科技公司。
称取1000 g小麦粉,分别添加不同质量的LJP(质量分数为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%),混匀得到不同LJP含量的混合粉。然后添加0.5%的食盐,将原辅料用搅拌机低速混合均匀,分次加入40%的蒸馏水,低速搅拌3 min,再高速搅拌4 min,至面团表面光滑。将面团延压8~10次后,称取面皮50 g、无糖豆沙馅30 g制成豆沙包置于发酵箱(温度38 ℃、相对湿度75%)中,醒发30 min后,迅速置于−40 ℃超低温冰箱中速冻2 h,再放置−18 ℃冷冻24 h,备用。
冻融循环参数设置参考叶晓枫等[15]的方法并稍作调整。将1.2.1制作的预发酵冷冻生坯豆沙包从−18 ℃的冰箱中取出,放置在恒温气浴振荡器中(温度30 ℃,频率60 Hz),解冻至面团中心温度为5 ℃,取解冻好的包子样品,记作第0次冻融循环(F0),再将解冻的包子放入−18 ℃冰箱中冻藏1 d 后,取出放置在恒温振荡器中,解冻至面团中心温度为5 ℃,记为第1次冻融循环(F1),依次进行第2次(F2)、第3次(F3)、第4次(F4)冻融循环,取F4样品备用,得到预发酵冷冻生坯豆沙包,进行后续指标测定。
准确称取1.2.1中混合粉3.0 g和25.0 mL蒸馏水,然后用搅拌桨将混合粉与蒸馏水混合均匀,初始搅拌速度为960 r/min,持续10 s,然后降至60 r/min并保持稳定。首先,以10 ℃/min的速率将样品加热至50 ℃并保持1 min,随后以15 ℃/min的速率将样品继续加热至95 ℃并保持2.5 min,最后以15 ℃/min 的速率将样品冷却至50 ℃并保持2 min,每组样品重复测定3次[16]。
将冻融处理后的预发酵冷冻生坯豆沙包用镊子去除外皮和馅心,准确称取(10±1) mg内部面团,放入密封的差示量热扫描仪(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)锅中,放到提前用铟校对的DSC仪器的样品支持器上,用一个空平底锅作为参照物。制备了2个样品锅,每个样品锅从25 ℃加热到120 ℃,速率为10 ℃/min,每个样品重复3次[17]。
将解冻后的预发酵冷冻生坯豆沙包放在动态流变仪台上,加上直径40 mm的平板和夹缝1 mm,待压下的地方后,用刀将旁边多余的样片轻轻刮掉以不影响测试结果。测定前将样品在平板上稳定5 min,对不同面团样品进行频率扫描,测试温度是25 ℃,应力是0.5%,扫描范围是0.1~70 Hz[18]。
采用核磁共振成像分析仪对经冻融后室温解冻的豆沙包生坯面团进行水分分布测试。将1.0 g样品放入NiumagPQ001低场核磁共振分析仪内进行试验;用CPFG脉冲序列来采集T2,即:TE=0.3 ms,TD=60000,NS=32,TW=2000 ms,25 ℃,NECH=3000,NS=32[19]。
冷冻面团中蛋白质二级结构的测定,参照KE等[20]建立的方法,并稍作修改。将冷冻干燥的预发酵冷冻生坯豆沙包研磨成粉末与KBr按照1:100的比例混合,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱在4000~400 cm−1波数范围、分辨率为4 cm−1,扫描32次,测定面团中蛋白质的二级结构。使用Omnic 8.0和PeakFit 4.12解析傅里叶红外光谱。
取出冻融处理(F4)的预发酵冷冻生坯豆沙包,醒发20 min(温度38 ℃、相对湿度75%)后,在煮沸的蒸锅上蒸制15 min,将豆沙包成品取出放到常温(25 ℃)冷却30 min,待测。
将豆沙包用镊子去除表皮和馅心,用模具切成厚度为10 mm,直径为30 mm的均匀薄片,试验参数设置如下:P/36R探头,操作模式为压力测定,触发类型为Auto,测试前速度1.0 mm/s,测试中速度0.8 mm/s,测试后速度0.8 mm/s,测试距离50%,气电感应力5 g[21]。
将小米倒满量筒并且用筷子把多余的小米排出,使小米与量筒成为一个平面,将量筒里面的小米倒入烧杯的一小半,把豆沙包放入烧杯中继续把量筒里的小米倒入烧杯中,并且要求小米与烧杯成为一个平面,读取量筒的质量,做三组平行实验。比容计算见公式(1):
$\rm S=\frac{v}{m} $
式中:S—比容;v—体积,mL:m—质量,g。
将蒸熟的豆沙包盖上纱布放在室温下冷却1 h,用游标卡尺测量豆沙包直径D,测量馒头高度H,根据公式(2)计算,三次平行试验:
$ \rm R=\frac{H}{D} $
式中:R为样品高度与直径的比值,H为样品的高度,cm;D为样品的直径,cm。
将蒸熟的豆沙包放在室温下,切成厚片,选择不同部位进行色泽测定,根据公式(3)计算豆沙包的白度,三次平行试验。
$ {\mathrm{W}}=100-{[{(100-{L}^{\text{*}})}^{2}+{({a}^{\text{*}})}^{2}+{({b}^{\text{*}})}^{2}]}^{\tfrac{1}{2}} $
式中:W-白度;L*-亮度;a*-红绿值;b*-黄蓝值。
取4 g豆沙包置于20 mL螺口顶空瓶中静置24 h,将瓶子插入进气口,检测时间60 s,采集周期1 s,清洗时间180 s,预进样时间10 s,每个样品平行测三次。电子鼻配备的十个传感器对应的敏感物质如表1所示。
豆沙包感官评价标准参照杨克胜[22]的方法并稍作修改,由20名(男女各10名)受过感官培训且饮食偏好不同的人员对不同组豆沙包从表观状态、内部结构、组织状态、滋味、色泽等方面进行评价,评分标准见表2。
本试验中所有数据均是3次相同水平重复试验数据的平均值±标准差表示,使用Excel 2019,SPSS 25软件进行数据处理以及显著性分析,P<0.05为差异显著,采用Origin 2024软件进行数据处理和作图。用PEN3电子鼻自带软件中的主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)、线性判别法(Linear Discriminant Analysis,LDA)和负荷加载分析法(Loadings)对实验数据进行分析处理。
混合粉糊化直接决定了面制品在蒸煮或烘焙过程中的行为与熟化后的基本结构,直接关系包子最终的口感、稳定性和保质期[23]。由表3可知,峰值黏度是淀粉颗粒膨胀到最大体积时的峰值,反映了颗粒膨胀的程度或淀粉与水的结合程度。LJP的添加整体呈提升趋势,由0%的3941 cP升至2.0%的4420 cP,且各添加组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),这可能是由于LJP含大量亲水基团,可增强水分束缚能力,增加淀粉颗粒吸水膨胀的程度,减少冰晶对淀粉颗粒的破坏,进而提升了糊化过程中的黏度峰值,这一特性有助于提升面团的持水性,对冷冻面团解冻后的保水能力改善具有积极作用[24]。谷值黏度反映淀粉糊化后热稳定性,对照组谷值黏度为2976 cP,LJP添加量为1.0%时降至最低2733 cP,这说明适当LJP会降低淀粉热糊化稳定性,高添加量则可维持热黏度稳定。回生值反映淀粉的老化程度,LJP添加组回生值均高于对照组,1.5%添加组达1596 cP为最高,说明适量金银花多糖可能促进淀粉分子重排。糊化温度整体波动较小,维持在67.80~68.70 ℃之间,仅1.0%组略有降低,其余组别与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05),说明LJP对混合面团粉糊化起始温度的影响较弱,不会显著改变面团的加工工艺参数。
热力学特性是分析冻融循环后面团中淀粉的老化程度,直接关系到面坯在冷冻、储存及复热过程中的稳定性。由表4可知,LJP添加量对冷冻生面坯的起始温度(To)、峰值温度(Tp)、终止温度(Tc)及糊化焓(ΔH)均产生显著影响(P<0.05)。起始温度(To)随着LJP添加量的增大,整体呈上升趋势,从0%的60.87 ℃提高至2.0%的68.38 ℃;LJP添加量为1%的峰值温度(Tp)最高为71.61 ℃,这可能是由于在面团中金银花多糖形成网络结构支撑并包裹淀粉颗粒,阻碍了热传导和水分迁移,金银花多糖的存在也会干扰淀粉溶胀,延迟糊化过程,表现为To和Tp的增加[25]。当LJP添加量为2.0%时,峰值温度下降至68.95 ℃,这可能因为适量的LJP对淀粉糊化的阻碍作用逐渐增强,当添加量过大时削弱了多糖与淀粉的相互作用。终止温度(Tc)随着LJP添加量的增大而升高,LJP添加量为1.5%达到最高90.25 ℃,较0%提升了6.66 ℃,表明LJP延长了淀粉糊化的持续过程,有助于增强面团结构的稳定性。糊化焓是反映淀粉结晶度和糊化所需能量的核心指标,添加LJP面团的ΔH均高于0%LJP添加组,当LJP添加量为1.5%时,面团的ΔH达到最大值2.37 J/g,较0%LJP添加组提升69.6%。这说明LJP能促进淀粉分子的有序排列,增强淀粉颗粒的结晶结构稳定性,使得糊化过程需要更多能量;LJP添加量为2.0%时,面团的ΔH下降,可能是过量LJP导致淀粉-蛋白质网络结构松散,进而使面团的ΔH降低[26]。
流变学特性是衡量冷冻生面坯加工品质与食用性能的核心指标,储能模量(G')反映了物质储存变形能量的能力,而损耗模量(G'')则体现了物质在抵抗流动过程中消耗的变形能量,其变化规律直接关联生面坯的网络结构稳定性及冷冻耐受性[27]。由图1所示,LJP对面团角频率扫描的影响表明,所有面团的G'和G''均随角频率升高而持续上升,且G'始终大于G'',表明冷冻生面坯呈现典型的粘弹性固体特征,弹性占主导地位,与面团中蛋白质、淀粉形成的交联网络结构密切相关,这与杨梦晴等[28]研究结果一致。添加LJP后,豆沙包面坯的G'和G''与0%LJP添加组相比均明显提升,且存在明显的剂量依赖性。在相同角频率下,LJP添加量为1.5%生面坯的G'和G''达到峰值,当角频率为62.8 rad/s时,G'为78242,G''达23162,这说明适量LJP可通过亲水基团与面粉蛋白质、淀粉分子形成氢键作用,强化网络结构的致密性,增强分子间作用力,从而提升生面坯的弹性和粘性[29]。当LJP添加量为2.0%时,G'和G''均出现小幅下降,这可能是由于高浓度多糖分子易发生聚集,破坏原有网络结构的均匀性,导致黏弹性略有衰减。从黏弹性平衡来看,LJP添加量为1.5%~2.0%时,tanδ值更接近理想范围,表明在该添加量下,生面坯的弹性与黏性协同性最佳,既能保证冷冻过程中结构不易开裂,又能维持蒸煮后的筋道口感。
冷冻生面坯在冷冻及解冻过程中易发生水分迁移,水的分布和存在状态对面团的加工特性和产品品质至关重要。面团的典型T2松弛分布曲线如图2所示,其中两个主要群体T21、T22,分别代表强结合水和自由水,A21、A22分别为T21、T22对应的峰面积比例,反映了各状态水的相对含量[30]。由表5可知,LJP添加量对预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯的水分弛豫特性影响显著(P<0.05)。A21呈先上升后降低的趋势,当LJP添加量0%时,A21的含量为 97.796%,当LJP添加量1.0%时,A21的含量为98.739%,随后小幅下降。A22则呈相反趋势,当LJP添加量在1.0%~1.5%时,降至最低1.261%、1.490%,表明适量LJP能有效减少自由水比例,将更多水分转化为束缚水。由图2可知,总峰面积随LJP添加量呈上升趋势,差异显著(P<0.05),从LJP添加量为0%时的8977.64增至LJP添加量为2.0%时的15207.953,说明LJP的亲水网络可显著提升面团的水分持有能力。LJP中的羟基、羧基等亲水基团与水分子形成氢键,同时其高分子链交织形成三维网络,将水分锁定在网络结构中,能有效增加冷冻豆沙包生坯水溶性活性成分,通过抑制冷冻过程中成分降解,维持豆沙包生坯体系的水分稳定性[31]。当LJP添加量在1.0%~1.5%时,束缚水比例适宜、流动性适中,总峰面积较高,水分持有能力与稳定性最佳,可有效抑制冷冻生面坯的水分迁移。
由图3可知,α-螺旋和β-折叠代表了面筋蛋白的有序结构,无规卷曲及β-转角代表无序结构[32]。LJP添加量对冷冻生面坯的β-折叠、无规则卷曲、α-螺旋和β-转角四种二级结构占比均产生显著影响(P<0.05)。LJP添加量为0%的预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯面筋蛋白是由38.51% β-转角、26.7% β-折叠、19.97% α-螺旋和14.82%无规则卷曲所构成,反映了未添加LJP时冷冻生面坯蛋白质的固有构象。当LJP添加量为0.5%时,豆沙包生坯二级结构出现剧烈变化:β-折叠降至22.96%,较0%LJP添加组下降13.9%;无规则卷曲占比大幅升至30.07%,较0%LJP添加组对照组提升;α-螺旋占比降至13.4%,为所有组中最低;β-转角占比降至33.57%。这说明低添加量的LJP与蛋白质分子发生相互作用,破坏了原有氢键网络,导致稳定的α-螺旋和β-折叠结构减少,柔性更强的无规则卷曲结构增加,使蛋白质构象趋于松散[33]。当LJP添加量为2.0%时,β-折叠逐步上升为28.34%、无规则卷曲占比持续下降为 16.5%,α-螺旋占比稳步回升为19.33%,β-转角占比则缓慢下降至35.83%。说明高添加量的LJP能够促进稳定结构的恢复,使蛋白质构象重新趋于规整,有助于维持冷冻生面坯在储存和蒸煮过程中的结构稳定性,减少品质劣变[34]。β-折叠和α-螺旋是蛋白质的稳定结构,其含量变化与面团的弹性和韧性相关;无规则卷曲反映蛋白质的柔性,影响面团的延展性;β-转角则参与蛋白质的构象折叠,对结构稳定性有重要作用。
由图4可知,LJP添加量对豆沙包质构指标的影响呈显著差异(P<0.05)。随着LJP添加量的增加,豆沙包的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性整体均呈上升趋势,当LJP添加量为0%时,硬度为2.8 N,当LJP添加量为2.0%时,硬度为3.8 N,增幅达35.7%,尤其当LJP添加量在1%~2%时,硬度增长速率加快,这可能是因为LJP具有较强的亲水性,多糖与面筋吸水性在此LJP添加量范围内最强,面筋网络紧实度最高,导致豆沙包硬度增大[35]。随着LJP添加量的增加,弹性呈上升趋势,当LJP添加量为2.0%时,弹性最高为11.53 mm,说明LJP极强的亲水性能,能够提高豆沙包生坯的含水量。咀嚼性作为综合体现硬度与胶黏性的指标,增长趋势更为明显,当LJP添加量为0%~2.0%时,咀嚼性从25.33 mJ升高至42.53 mJ,胶黏性从2.24 mJ升高至3.70 mJ,这可能是由于适量LJP的添加增强了预发酵冻融豆沙包生坯面筋的网络结构,导致硬度增高,同时LJP本身的黏性在加热过程中产生热糊化,增加了豆沙包的咀嚼性和胶黏性[36]。
比容是评价豆沙包在蒸制过程中体积增大的重要指标,其与包子的面团发酵能力和持气性的强弱、水分迁移的能力大小有关。由表6可知,随着LJP添加量的增加,豆沙包比容呈先上升后下降的趋势,差异显著(P<0.05)。当LJP添加量为0%时,比容仅为0.90 mL·g−1,这可能是因为预发酵豆沙包生坯在冻融过程中冰晶对生坯面筋结构破坏较大,导致醒发后制熟的豆沙包比容较低。当LJP添加量为1.5%时,比容最高为1.28 mL·g−1,这说明适量LJP可增加面筋结构,改善面团发酵过程中的气体保留能力,有利于生坯发酵,使豆沙包比容增大[37]。当LJP添加量为2.0%时,比容降低为1.23 mL·g−1,这可能是过高的多糖分子破坏了面筋的连续性,导致比容下降。
由表6可知,随着LJP添加量的增加,高径比呈先上升后降低的趋势,与比容变化趋势一致,差异显著(P<0.05)。当LJP添加量为0%时,豆沙包高径比为0.459,当LJP质量分数为1.5%时,高径比最高为0.534,当LJP质量分数为2.0%时,高径比降低较快为0.482。这说明适当添加量的LJP能增强面团的持气性和弹性,有效延缓冷冻对面团结构的破坏作用,增强其形态保持性,使豆沙包在熟制过程中竖向膨胀更均匀,形态更饱满[38]。而LJP添加量过高时会抑制酵母的活性,导致产气不足,进一步削弱面团膨胀动力,最终使高径比下降。
色泽是影响豆沙包感官接受度的一项重要参考指标,直接影响了消费者对豆沙包品质的喜爱度。面团在冷冻贮藏过程中,多酚氧化酶发生的酶促褐变及氨基羰基发生的美拉德反应都会引起馒头变色,水分的流失也会使面团光泽度下降[39]。由表6可知,L*值随LJP添加量增加总体呈下降趋势,差异显著(P<0.05)。当LJP添加量为0%时,L*值最高为76.52,当LJP添加量为2.0%时,最低为57.35。随着LJP添加量的增加,a*值从0%的−0.13提高至9.16。LJP本身属于棕色粉末状,随着添加量的增加,对豆沙包色泽的影响逐渐显现,同时多糖能改变面团内部结构,影响美拉德反应程度,间接加剧红度和黄度的上升,因此导致豆沙包的L*降低,a*值、b*值升高,与张紫怡等[35]研究结果一致,粗多糖添加使馒头白度下降并发生红变和黄变。
电子鼻是一种测定挥发性化合物风味敏感度的分析技术,样品中风味轻微的变化便会引起传感器响应值的差异[40]。由图5可知,第一主成分PC1和第二主成分PC2的贡献率分别是71.3%和25.3%,PC1和PC2的贡献率高达90.4%(>85%),表明两个主成分可以有效反映原始数据的总体传感信息。由PCA分布可见,添加LJP的豆沙包与未添加的豆沙包呈现明显的分组分离趋势。这一现象表明LJP的加入改变了豆沙包熟制后挥发性风味物质的组成与相对含量,同时预发酵与冻融的协同处理,也会影响挥发性成分的释放与转化,进而作用于样本在PCA坐标中的分布位置。
W1C、W3C传感器对芳香族化合物敏感,其响应值与这类物质的浓度呈正相关。当LJP添加量为1.0%时,W1C与W3C的响应值达到峰值,分别为0.9448、0.9502,显著高于其他添加量(P<0.05)。这可能是由于LJP能促进豆沙包馅料中氨基酸与还原糖的美拉德反应,生成吡嗪类、呋喃类等芳香族风味物质,这类物质在传感器表面发生吸附作用,导致电信号增强[41]。W5S、W1S传感器对氢氧化合物和甲烷物质具有特异性响应。当LJP添加量为1.0%时,W5S、W1S响应值降至低谷,分别为1.6343、1.2520,说明适量的LJP可抑制馅料中蛋白质的过度分解,减少硫化氢等含硫挥发性物质的生成,同时降低油脂氧化产生的酯类物质含量。而当添加量提升至2.0%时,W5S、W1S响应值大幅升高,这是因为过量添加成分破坏了面团与馅料的稳态结构,加速蛋白质降解与油脂氧化,导致含硫化合物与酯类物质浓度上升。W6S、W3S等传感器对氢化物、烷烃物质响应稳定,不同添加量下其响应值波动幅度较小,这是由于这类物质主要来自面团发酵过程,添加成分对其生成路径影响较弱,传感器表面的吸附-脱附作用处于相对平衡状态。
LJP对冻融循环豆沙包感官评分的影响如图6所示,LJP添加量对豆沙包感官评分影响显著(P<0.05),各指标评分随LJP添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。当LJP添加量为0%时,豆沙包的表观状态、内部结构等指标均低于其他添加量组,感官评分为78.2分,这是由于冻融过程中冰晶严重破坏面筋网络结构,导致豆沙包外形塌陷、内部气孔分布不均、口感粗糙,感官表现较差[10]。当LJP添加量为1.5%时,感官评分最高,为89.4分,此时的豆沙包表观状态规整无裂纹,内部气孔均匀细密,组织柔软且弹韧性良好,滋味纯正无异味。这可能是因为适量LJP可通过亲水基团与面筋蛋白、淀粉分子形成氢键,强化网络结构稳定性,提升面团持气能力,从而减轻冻融损伤。同时LJP能促进美拉德反应生成芳香风味物质,优化产品滋味[42]。当LJP添加量升至2.0%时,感官评分降低至88分,这是由于LJP添加量过高,破坏了面筋网络的连续性,导致豆沙包内部结构均匀度下降,且LJP的棕色调加深产品色泽,略微降低了感官接受度。通过对冻融豆沙包生坯的流变学、热力学特性、水分迁移与蛋白质二级结构的分析,结合豆沙包的品质等指标的综合分析,揭示了面团冻融4次之后各项品质指标大幅下降,并且由生坯蒸制成熟的豆沙包的品质也有所下降。适量LJP添加后能够改变冻融后冷冻面团的水分迁移和面筋网络结构,提高冷冻馒头的品质和风味。
金银花多糖的添加对冻融后的豆沙包生坯稳定性和豆沙包品质具有显著影响,添加金银花多糖能够提高豆沙包生坯的弹性和持水能力,减少水分流失,能有效保护面筋网络结构完整性与稳定性同时提高豆沙包的品质。当LJP添加量为1.5%时,冷冻面团的峰值黏度达4183 cP,糊化温度适宜,储能模量(G')与损耗模量(G'')均达到峰值,面团持气能力与结构稳定性最佳,束缚水比例较高,自由水占比降至1.49%,蛋白质二级结构中α-螺旋与β-折叠等稳定结构占比提升,显著改善了冷冻面团的冻藏耐受性。同时,豆沙包比容高达1.28 mL·g−1,高径比为0.534,形态饱满规整,硬度、胶黏性与咀嚼性协同性良好,豆沙包芳香族风味物质含量丰富,可提升芳香族、萜烯类风味物质含量,有效抑制含硫有害物质与油脂氧化产物生成,感官评分达到89.4分。本实验不仅证实了LJP作为天然亲水胶体在冷冻面制品中的应用潜力,还为解决冷冻面团品质劣变问题提供了新方案,对推动传统面制品工业化生产具有重要意义。然而,实验不足之处在于未充分研究金银花多糖与豆沙包生坯面筋、淀粉的分子互作机制,且缺乏与其他多糖的对比,未来可聚焦分析探讨金银花多糖对冷冻面团长期冻藏下的稳定性,探究与蛋白复合凝胶网络在冷冻面团中的应用。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020228
  • 接收时间:2026-02-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-28
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    1信阳农林学院食品科学与工程学院,河南信阳 464000
    2河南科技学院食品学院,河南新乡 453000
    3千李马(漯河)食品有限公司,河南漯河 462000

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李建芳(1979−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:生物保鲜与食品微生物,E-mail:。
高海燕(1973−),男,硕士,教授,研究方向:粮食深加工与转化,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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