Article(id=1320881250122973843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1770566400000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852230815, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852230815, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852230815, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852230815, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=203, endPage=212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881250353660564, articleId=1320881250122973843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Adzuki Bean Powder on the Quality and Anti-retrogradation Properties of Steamed Cake, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To inhibit starch retrogradation and enhance the quality of steamed cakes during storage, in this study, we investigated the effects of different addition levels of adzuki bean powder (ABP) (0%, 8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%) on the water-holding capacity (WHC) and oil-holding capacity (OHC) of composite flour (wheat flour, glutinous rice flour, yam flour, and taro flour at a mass ratio of 15:5:3:2), and on the texture, antioxidant activity, color, specific volume, protein content, and sensory properties of the resulting steamed cakes. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to elucidate the anti-retrogradation mechanisms. The results showed that as ABP content increased, the WHC of the composite flour significantly rose from 0.97 g/g to 1.43 g/g (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the OHC exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. For the steamed cakes, the specific volume increased from 1.80 mL/g to 2.48 mL/g, protein content rose from 2.17% to 2.72%, and hardness decreased from 683.95 g to 498.59 g. Redness (a*) increased significantly (P<0.05), while brightness (L*) and adhesiveness significantly decreased (P<0.05). At the 24% addition level, the total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and ABTS+· scavenging activity peaked. After 7 d of storage at 4 ℃, the hardness of all the ABP-supplemented groups remained significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Mechanistic analysis showed that ABP was deeply integrated into the starch-gluten system by strengthening the hydrogen bond network. Addition of 16%~24% effectively sequestered moisture and significantly reduced the short-range molecular order of starch. The proportion of deeply bound water increased by 12.13% to 44.19% relative to the control. This further inhibited starch molecular rearrangement from the perspectives of long-range order and thermodynamics, decreasing the relative crystallinity from 12.08% to 9.01%~9.15% and reducing the retrogradation enthalpy by 15.11%~41.49% compared to the control. In conclusion, the addition of 16%~24% ABP significantly enhanced the quality of steamed cakes and effectively inhibited starch retrogradation during storage.

, authors=Lingling ZHAO1, Shaoning CUI2, *, Wenpei CHEN2, Hanting WEI1, Yanjing SONG1, Guang GUO1, Xinqin SHI1, *, Lin ZHU1, authorsList=Lingling ZHAO, Shaoning CUI, Wenpei CHEN, Hanting WEI, Yanjing SONG, Guang GUO, Xinqin SHI, Lin ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shaoning CUI, Xinqin SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881254262751914, articleId=1320881250122973843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=红豆粉对蒸糕品质及抗老化特性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为抑制蒸糕贮藏期淀粉老化并提升综合品质,探究红豆粉不同添加量(0%、8%、16%、24%、32%)对混合粉(小麦粉、糯米粉、山药粉与芋头粉的质量比为15:5:3:2)持水性、持油性,蒸糕质构、抗氧化性、色泽、比容、蛋白质含量及感官等品质特性的影响,并结合低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等技术揭示其抗老化机制。结果表明:随着红豆粉添加量增加,混合粉持水性由0.97 g/g显著提升至1.43 g/g(P<0.05),持油性呈先升后降趋势;蒸糕比容由1.80 mL/g升至2.48 mL/g,蛋白质含量由2.17 g/100 g增至2.72 g/100 g,硬度由683.95 g降至498.59 g;红度(a*)显著上升(P<0.05),亮度(L*)和黏着性均显著降低(P<0.05)。当添加量为24%时,蒸糕的总抗氧化能力、总还原力与ABTS+自由基清除率达峰值。蒸糕在4 ℃储藏7 d,硬度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。机制解析表明,红豆粉通过增强氢键网络与淀粉-面筋体系发生了深度融合,16%~24%的添加量能有效截留水分,显著降低淀粉的短程有序性,其中深层结合水比例较对照组增加12.13%~44.19%;进而从长程有序性与热力学层面抑制了淀粉分子重排,使相对结晶度从12.08%降至9.01%~9.15%,老化焓值较对照组降低了15.11%~41.49%。综合比较,红豆粉添加量为16%~24%时,能显著提升蒸糕品质并有效抑制其储藏期淀粉老化。

, authors=赵玲玲1, 崔少宁2, *, 陈文培2, 魏晗婷1, 宋延静1, 郭光1, 施新琴1, *, 朱琳1, authorsList=赵玲玲, 崔少宁, 陈文培, 魏晗婷, 宋延静, 郭光, 施新琴, 朱琳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=崔少宁, 施新琴, authorNote=

赵玲玲(1989−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
崔少宁(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:粮油精深加工,E-mail:。
施新琴(1980−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=w4F5dsPVXEt8ogVUwBdocw==, magXml=/cuMIjnfFleZWOFwcB9KGQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=AXYKproiqGFZRY1lX8NEDA==, pdfFileSize=3293692, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=4pKMihBUxZhfLqOAWOOijQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GuUBSkHg+ZWnoe3dE4721w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881508366271021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=17362136805@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881508454351407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, authorId=1320881508366271021, language=EN, stringName=Lingling ZHAO, firstName=Lingling, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Functional Crop Germplasm Innovation and Cultivation Utilization, Yantai Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Silkworm Functional Substances, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Yantai 264002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881508517265968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, authorId=1320881508366271021, language=CN, stringName=赵玲玲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1山东省蚕业研究所,功能作物种质创新与栽培利用山东省工程研究中心,烟台市蚕桑功能物质评价与利用重点实验室,植物干细胞定向育种烟台市工程研究中心,山东烟台 264002, bio={"content":"

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注:图中同一指标中不同小写字母表示在不同红豆粉添加量水平下差异显著(P<0.05);图2~图5、图8、图9同。

, figureFileSmall=AiZgTkPfQkhr9r4A7Pcimg==, figureFileBig=4pKMihBUxZhfLqOAWOOijQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881512845787746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on the specific volume of steamed cakes, figureFileSmall=LnS7Iy1EhRoYOyhCMO1siA==, figureFileBig=a5vJmELTZ6yDY3Uo4ZX0kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881512912896611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同红豆粉添加量对蒸糕比容的影响, figureFileSmall=LnS7Iy1EhRoYOyhCMO1siA==, figureFileBig=a5vJmELTZ6yDY3Uo4ZX0kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881512975811172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on the color difference of steamed cakes, figureFileSmall=vnnD7Ldmpi0nR5AreIK4Ww==, figureFileBig=ivMd2aJ/d7YqfHQ7fVS60g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513059697253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同红豆粉添加量对蒸糕色差的影响, figureFileSmall=vnnD7Ldmpi0nR5AreIK4Ww==, figureFileBig=ivMd2aJ/d7YqfHQ7fVS60g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513131000422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on the moisture content and protein content of steamed cakes, figureFileSmall=9v+MHT0R8BN9/pPWvy6oPQ==, figureFileBig=+AUJz9e8T2X0EQCxCWda8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513198109287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同红豆粉添加量对蒸糕水分含量和蛋白质含量的影响, figureFileSmall=9v+MHT0R8BN9/pPWvy6oPQ==, figureFileBig=+AUJz9e8T2X0EQCxCWda8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513261023848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on the antioxidant indices of steamed cakes, figureFileSmall=y7W4G3zEpz5ID9wWDW+F0A==, figureFileBig=DIzi2Bl1AS25B6JARaC+rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513328132713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同红豆粉添加量对蒸糕氧化指标的影响, figureFileSmall=y7W4G3zEpz5ID9wWDW+F0A==, figureFileBig=DIzi2Bl1AS25B6JARaC+rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513412018794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on the sensory scores of steamed cakes, figureFileSmall=ly73VLwSulWW0lb94KEexQ==, figureFileBig=7iEoTubOdKtlVTlwzcoazQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513487516267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同红豆粉添加量对蒸糕感官的影响, figureFileSmall=ly73VLwSulWW0lb94KEexQ==, figureFileBig=7iEoTubOdKtlVTlwzcoazQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513554625132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Changes in hardness of steamed cakes during storage, figureFileSmall=Djii0JMC6NOiI1vWHtD1nQ==, figureFileBig=eCOfK6QS5nccksTF24NLFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513613345389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图7, caption=储藏期间各组蒸糕硬度变化

注:图中不同小写字母表示同一储藏天数下,不同红豆粉添加量组间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Djii0JMC6NOiI1vWHtD1nQ==, figureFileBig=eCOfK6QS5nccksTF24NLFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513688842862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on water distribution in steamed cakes, figureFileSmall=MKppmLqIF8ofHGCOuzujOw==, figureFileBig=l4vCUfV10slnNzVvwb7Oeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513755951727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同红豆粉添加量对蒸糕水分分布的影响, figureFileSmall=MKppmLqIF8ofHGCOuzujOw==, figureFileBig=l4vCUfV10slnNzVvwb7Oeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513818866288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=FT-IR spectra (A), and peak intensity ratios at 1047 cm−1/1022 cm−1 (B) and 995 cm−1/1022 cm−1 (C) of steamed cakes with different adzuki bean powder addition levels, figureFileSmall=OvSTH1Wnp1oro75/uXUpOw==, figureFileBig=7txazWdgAjgSRfbmZEEiyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513885975153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同红豆粉添加量下蒸糕的红外光谱图(A)及1047 cm−1/1022 cm−1(B)与995 cm−1/1022 cm−1(C)的吸光度比值, figureFileSmall=OvSTH1Wnp1oro75/uXUpOw==, figureFileBig=7txazWdgAjgSRfbmZEEiyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881513948889714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=X-ray diffraction patterns of steamed cakes with different adzuki bean powder addition levels, figureFileSmall=+bV4d6A2F2ETzxt+VB3uTw==, figureFileBig=h2J2HFKKEfDkPzeVHYKFog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881514036970099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同红豆粉添加量下蒸糕的X射线衍射图谱, figureFileSmall=+bV4d6A2F2ETzxt+VB3uTw==, figureFileBig=h2J2HFKKEfDkPzeVHYKFog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881514104078964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for steamed cakes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准感官评分(分)
外观形态
(20分)
外形整齐,表面细腻,无收缩塌陷17~20
外形较整齐,表面略微粗糙,略有塌陷10~16
外形明显歪斜,表面粗糙,塌陷较严重0~9
色泽
(20分)
表面色泽均匀,呈淡红色17~20
表面颜色偏淡,光泽较差10~16
表面颜色暗沉,偏暗红色0~9
组织状态
(20分)
松软有弹性,不松散,气孔小而均匀17~20
松软有弹性,较为松散,气孔较均匀10~16
不够松软,松散掉渣,气孔不均匀0~9
滋味口感
(20分)
软糯适中,有红豆香气,无异味,食而不腻17~20
较硬或较软,红豆香气过淡,食之稍腻10~16
偏硬或偏软,豆腥味过重,易腻0~9
杂质
(20分)
蒸糕内部无外来杂质17~20
蒸糕内部有少许杂质10~16
蒸糕内部有明显杂质0~9
), ArticleFig(id=1320881514179576437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

蒸糕感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准感官评分(分)
外观形态
(20分)
外形整齐,表面细腻,无收缩塌陷17~20
外形较整齐,表面略微粗糙,略有塌陷10~16
外形明显歪斜,表面粗糙,塌陷较严重0~9
色泽
(20分)
表面色泽均匀,呈淡红色17~20
表面颜色偏淡,光泽较差10~16
表面颜色暗沉,偏暗红色0~9
组织状态
(20分)
松软有弹性,不松散,气孔小而均匀17~20
松软有弹性,较为松散,气孔较均匀10~16
不够松软,松散掉渣,气孔不均匀0~9
滋味口感
(20分)
软糯适中,有红豆香气,无异味,食而不腻17~20
较硬或较软,红豆香气过淡,食之稍腻10~16
偏硬或偏软,豆腥味过重,易腻0~9
杂质
(20分)
蒸糕内部无外来杂质17~20
蒸糕内部有少许杂质10~16
蒸糕内部有明显杂质0~9
), ArticleFig(id=1320881514250879606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on the textural properties of steamed cakes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
红豆粉添加量(%)硬度(g)黏着性(g·s)弹性咀嚼性(g)胶着性(g)内聚性回复性
0683.95±9.91a−64.91±22.56b0.79±0.0065a292.36±17.95a366.43±18.09a0.43±0.07ab0.27±0.01ab
8664.34±17.63a−18.16±6.29a0.76±0.0054b251.84±14.18b330.15±20.93b0.40±0.05ab0.27±0.02ab
16524.31±22.15b−9.50±4.09a0.74±0.0036c165.92±7.71c219.19±12.42c0.44±0.02a0.28±0.01a
24479.93±30.51c−6.95±1.40a0.70±0.0031e150.87±14.93cd212.37±15.25c0.41±0.04ab0.25±0.00b
32498.59±19.05bc−5.30±4.07a0.73±0.0067d123.03±19.21d164.61±10.88d0.34±0.03b0.21±0.03c
), ArticleFig(id=1320881514322182775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同红豆粉添加量对蒸糕质构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
红豆粉添加量(%)硬度(g)黏着性(g·s)弹性咀嚼性(g)胶着性(g)内聚性回复性
0683.95±9.91a−64.91±22.56b0.79±0.0065a292.36±17.95a366.43±18.09a0.43±0.07ab0.27±0.01ab
8664.34±17.63a−18.16±6.29a0.76±0.0054b251.84±14.18b330.15±20.93b0.40±0.05ab0.27±0.02ab
16524.31±22.15b−9.50±4.09a0.74±0.0036c165.92±7.71c219.19±12.42c0.44±0.02a0.28±0.01a
24479.93±30.51c−6.95±1.40a0.70±0.0031e150.87±14.93cd212.37±15.25c0.41±0.04ab0.25±0.00b
32498.59±19.05bc−5.30±4.07a0.73±0.0067d123.03±19.21d164.61±10.88d0.34±0.03b0.21±0.03c
), ArticleFig(id=1320881514393485944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on relative crystallinity of steamed cakes during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
红豆粉添加量(%)相对结晶度(%)
012.08±0.43a
811.82±0.39a
169.15±0.26c
249.01±0.13c
3210.06±0.81b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881514477372025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同红豆粉添加量对储藏期蒸糕相对结晶度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
红豆粉添加量(%)相对结晶度(%)
012.08±0.43a
811.82±0.39a
169.15±0.26c
249.01±0.13c
3210.06±0.81b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881514557063803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different adzuki bean powder addition levels on the thermal properties of steamed cakes during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
红豆粉添加量
(%)
起始温度
(℃)
峰值温度
(℃)
终止温度
(℃)
老化焓
(J/g)
055.45±0.72a61.41±0.92a72.52±0.61a4.17±0.20a
851.84±0.56c58.27±0.86c68.78±0.64c3.54±0.26b
1648.83±0.66d54.64±0.69d64.11±0.19e2.44±0.10d
2449.39±0.34d55.06±0.71d65.58±0.59d2.51±0.18d
3253.73±0.47b59.66±0.54b69.74±0.44b3.16±0.14c
), ArticleFig(id=1320881514624172668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881250122973843, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同红豆粉添加量对储藏期蒸糕热特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
红豆粉添加量
(%)
起始温度
(℃)
峰值温度
(℃)
终止温度
(℃)
老化焓
(J/g)
055.45±0.72a61.41±0.92a72.52±0.61a4.17±0.20a
851.84±0.56c58.27±0.86c68.78±0.64c3.54±0.26b
1648.83±0.66d54.64±0.69d64.11±0.19e2.44±0.10d
2449.39±0.34d55.06±0.71d65.58±0.59d2.51±0.18d
3253.73±0.47b59.66±0.54b69.74±0.44b3.16±0.14c
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红豆粉对蒸糕品质及抗老化特性的影响
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赵玲玲 1 , 崔少宁 2, * , 陈文培 2 , 魏晗婷 1 , 宋延静 1 , 郭光 1 , 施新琴 1, * , 朱琳 1
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(17): 203-212
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (17) : 203 -212
红豆粉对蒸糕品质及抗老化特性的影响
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赵玲玲1 , 崔少宁2, * , 陈文培2, 魏晗婷1, 宋延静1, 郭光1, 施新琴1, * , 朱琳1
作者信息
  • 1山东省蚕业研究所,功能作物种质创新与栽培利用山东省工程研究中心,烟台市蚕桑功能物质评价与利用重点实验室,植物干细胞定向育种烟台市工程研究中心,山东烟台 264002
  • 2烟台南山学院健康学院,山东烟台 265713
通讯作者:
崔少宁(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:粮油精深加工,E-mail:。
施新琴(1980−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

赵玲玲(1989−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:

Effects of Adzuki Bean Powder on the Quality and Anti-retrogradation Properties of Steamed Cake
Lingling ZHAO1 , Shaoning CUI2, * , Wenpei CHEN2, Hanting WEI1, Yanjing SONG1, Guang GUO1, Xinqin SHI1, * , Lin ZHU1
Affiliations
  • 1Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Functional Crop Germplasm Innovation and Cultivation Utilization, Yantai Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Silkworm Functional Substances, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Yantai 264002, China
  • 2School of Health, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai 265713, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020079
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为抑制蒸糕贮藏期淀粉老化并提升综合品质,探究红豆粉不同添加量(0%、8%、16%、24%、32%)对混合粉(小麦粉、糯米粉、山药粉与芋头粉的质量比为15:5:3:2)持水性、持油性,蒸糕质构、抗氧化性、色泽、比容、蛋白质含量及感官等品质特性的影响,并结合低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等技术揭示其抗老化机制。结果表明:随着红豆粉添加量增加,混合粉持水性由0.97 g/g显著提升至1.43 g/g(P<0.05),持油性呈先升后降趋势;蒸糕比容由1.80 mL/g升至2.48 mL/g,蛋白质含量由2.17 g/100 g增至2.72 g/100 g,硬度由683.95 g降至498.59 g;红度(a*)显著上升(P<0.05),亮度(L*)和黏着性均显著降低(P<0.05)。当添加量为24%时,蒸糕的总抗氧化能力、总还原力与ABTS+自由基清除率达峰值。蒸糕在4 ℃储藏7 d,硬度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。机制解析表明,红豆粉通过增强氢键网络与淀粉-面筋体系发生了深度融合,16%~24%的添加量能有效截留水分,显著降低淀粉的短程有序性,其中深层结合水比例较对照组增加12.13%~44.19%;进而从长程有序性与热力学层面抑制了淀粉分子重排,使相对结晶度从12.08%降至9.01%~9.15%,老化焓值较对照组降低了15.11%~41.49%。综合比较,红豆粉添加量为16%~24%时,能显著提升蒸糕品质并有效抑制其储藏期淀粉老化。

红豆粉  /  蒸糕  /  品质特性  /  抗氧化性  /  抗老化特性

To inhibit starch retrogradation and enhance the quality of steamed cakes during storage, in this study, we investigated the effects of different addition levels of adzuki bean powder (ABP) (0%, 8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%) on the water-holding capacity (WHC) and oil-holding capacity (OHC) of composite flour (wheat flour, glutinous rice flour, yam flour, and taro flour at a mass ratio of 15:5:3:2), and on the texture, antioxidant activity, color, specific volume, protein content, and sensory properties of the resulting steamed cakes. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to elucidate the anti-retrogradation mechanisms. The results showed that as ABP content increased, the WHC of the composite flour significantly rose from 0.97 g/g to 1.43 g/g (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the OHC exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. For the steamed cakes, the specific volume increased from 1.80 mL/g to 2.48 mL/g, protein content rose from 2.17% to 2.72%, and hardness decreased from 683.95 g to 498.59 g. Redness (a*) increased significantly (P<0.05), while brightness (L*) and adhesiveness significantly decreased (P<0.05). At the 24% addition level, the total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and ABTS+· scavenging activity peaked. After 7 d of storage at 4 ℃, the hardness of all the ABP-supplemented groups remained significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Mechanistic analysis showed that ABP was deeply integrated into the starch-gluten system by strengthening the hydrogen bond network. Addition of 16%~24% effectively sequestered moisture and significantly reduced the short-range molecular order of starch. The proportion of deeply bound water increased by 12.13% to 44.19% relative to the control. This further inhibited starch molecular rearrangement from the perspectives of long-range order and thermodynamics, decreasing the relative crystallinity from 12.08% to 9.01%~9.15% and reducing the retrogradation enthalpy by 15.11%~41.49% compared to the control. In conclusion, the addition of 16%~24% ABP significantly enhanced the quality of steamed cakes and effectively inhibited starch retrogradation during storage.

adzuki bean powder  /  steamed cake  /  quality characteristics  /  antioxidant activity  /  anti-retrogradation property
赵玲玲, 崔少宁, 陈文培, 魏晗婷, 宋延静, 郭光, 施新琴, 朱琳. 红豆粉对蒸糕品质及抗老化特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 203 -212 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020079
Lingling ZHAO, Shaoning CUI, Wenpei CHEN, Hanting WEI, Yanjing SONG, Guang GUO, Xinqin SHI, Lin ZHU. Effects of Adzuki Bean Powder on the Quality and Anti-retrogradation Properties of Steamed Cake[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 203 -212 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020079
蒸糕是以小麦粉、米粉等为主要原料,通过蒸汽传热使淀粉糊化、蛋白质变性并固定气泡结构而成的传统中式糕点。因其加工过程避开了高温油炸或烘烤,最大限度地保留了原料的营养成分,且具备口感松软、易于消化吸收等特点,深受各年龄段消费者青睐[1]。然而,市售蒸糕普遍存在营养单一、膳食纤维匮乏等问题,且在贮藏过程中极易发生淀粉老化,导致质地变硬、食用品质下降,严重制约其货架期。
前期研究虽已开发出“小麦-糯米-山药-芋头”复合基础配方,在营养均衡性和初始风味上有所突破,但该多组分体系在储藏期间仍面临淀粉重结晶迅速、水分流失快等痛点。红豆作为药食同源原料[2],蛋白质含量高达20%,富含膳食纤维、赖氨酸[3−4]及皂苷、多酚等活性物质。研究表明,红豆粉可提升产品蛋白质含量及抗氧化活性[5],具有抗氧化[6]、辅助控糖[7−9]、降血压[10]、减肥[11−12]等多重健康益处,是杂粮主食改良的优质原料。红豆中丰富的膳食纤维与高亲水性物质,在竞争性结合水分、形成空间位阻以干扰淀粉链重结晶方面具有天然优势[13]。目前,红豆在食品工业中的应用仍多局限于传统的豆沙馅料或简单的全粉冲调,深加工利用率及附加值较低[14−17]。现有关于面制品抗老化的研究多聚焦于单一原料的配方优化[18−19],而对于红豆粉在多组分复合体系中,特别是在蒸制这一特定热加工方式下,其延缓淀粉老化的深层机制尚缺乏系统探讨。
本研究以该混合粉为基质,引入不同比例的红豆粉,通过测定质构、比容及感官等宏观指标,结合低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及差示扫描量热法(DSC)等微观表征手段,从水分迁移、分子间作用力、结晶动力学与热特性角度系统揭示红豆粉抑制淀粉回生、延缓老化的机制,明确红豆粉在蒸糕中的最优添加量,为开发高品质、耐贮藏的杂粮蒸糕提供理论支撑。
红豆 市售;低筋小麦粉、糯米粉 新乡良润全谷物食品有限公司;山药粉、芋头粉 兴化市绿帅食品有限公司;白砂糖、酵母粉 安琪酵母有限公司;玉米油 益海嘉里金龙鱼粮油食品股份有限公司;α-淀粉酶(生物试剂,10000 U/g)、猪胆盐(生物试剂,胆酸含量≥65%)、牛血清白蛋白(纯度≥98%) 索莱宝生物科技有限公司;胃蛋白酶(10000 U/g)、胰蛋白酶(250 U/mg)、2,2′-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)、三吡啶三吖嗪(TPTZ,纯度≥98%) 飞净生物科技有限公司;考马斯亮蓝G250试剂 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;KH2PO4、Na2HPO4、NaCl、KCl、NaOH、NaHCO3 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
HWS-26电热恒温水浴锅 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;ZY-UV755B紫外分光光度计 山东中仪仪器有限公司;TA.GEL型质构仪 上海保圣实业发展有限公司;CS-800彩谱分光测色仪 杭州彩谱科技有限公司;Nicolet iS20型红外光谱仪 ThermoFisher有限公司;JWFJ-150超微粉碎机 江阴市佳科机械制造有限公司;FD-2真空冷冻干燥机 北京博医康实验仪器有限公司;H2200R台式高速离心机 长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;JMTY面包体积测定仪 杭州绿博仪器有限公司;NM42-060H-1核磁共振成像与分析系统 苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司;D8 ADVANCE X射线衍射仪 德国布鲁克AXS公司;HS-DSC-101A-Pro差示扫描量热仪 上海和晟仪器科技有限公司。
参照陈雪珍等[18]的方法。先对红豆进行粗粉碎,再用超微粉碎机对粗粉粉碎处理20 min,过200目筛备用。
蒸糕混合粉采用自主设计配方。基于前期预实验的感官评价结果,确定基础混合粉的最优质量比为:小麦粉:糯米粉:山药粉:芋头粉=15:5:3:2。以此为基础,按占总粉质量(基础混合粉与红豆粉质量之和)的百分比计,红豆粉的添加量分别设定为0%、8%、16%、24%和32%,用于后续实验。设定总混合粉质量为100 g,将1.4 g活性干酵母与12 g白砂糖溶解于100 g(35±1) ℃的纯净水中,将该混合液缓慢加入到混合粉中搅拌均匀,加入4 g玉米油,继续搅拌2 min至完全乳化,将调制好的面糊置于恒温发酵箱(35±1) ℃中至体积膨胀为原体积的1.5倍,将面糊倒入模具中,每份40 g,将倒入模具中的面糊置于恒温发酵箱(35±1) ℃中至体积再次膨胀为原体积的1.5倍,将模具进行适当振荡处理以消除面糊内部形成的不规则气孔结构后,将其置于100 ℃的蒸锅中蒸制20 min,关火后焖5 min,将蒸糕置于室温环境中冷却,进行脱模,用于后续指标测定。
参照蔡沙等[20]的方法测定。取一定量蒸糕混合粉记为M1,按料液比1:20(g/mL)加入蒸馏水,用磁力搅拌器搅拌30 min后,2500 r/min离心10 min,弃去上清液,沉淀质量记为M2。持水性(A,g/g)按式(1)进行计算:
$\rm A=\frac{{M}_{2}-{M}_{1}}{{M}_{1}} $
参照蔡沙等[20]的方法测定。取一定量蒸糕混合粉记为M3,按料液比1:10(g/mL)加入玉米油,充分混匀后静置1 h,1500 r/min离心10 min,弃去上清液,沉淀质量记为M4。持油性(B,g/g)按式(2)进行计算:
$\rm B=\frac{{M}_{4}-{M}_{3}}{{M}_{3}} $
采用面包体积测定仪(菜籽置换法)测定蒸糕的体积V,电子天平测定质量M5。比容(S,mL/g)由公式(3)计算。
$\rm S=\frac{V}{{M}_{5}} $
采用CS-800彩谱分光测色仪测定蒸糕的L*、a*、b*值。其中,L*值表示亮度,a*值表示红绿偏向,b*值表示黄蓝偏向[21]。
参照国标GB 5009.3-2016[22]中的方法进行。
参照SN/T 3926-2014[23]中的方法测定。
参照孟晓华等[24]的方法测定。采用体外模拟口腔-胃-肠三段消化过程:10 g样品加35 mL模拟唾液(pH6.75,含α-淀粉酶),37 ℃、180 r/min振荡10 min后沸水浴灭酶活。调pH至1.5加30 mL模拟胃液,振荡120 min;再调pH至7.0加30 mL模拟肠液及电解质溶液,振荡60 min,沸水浴灭酶活得待测液。
取0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mmol/L FeSO4溶液各60 μL,各加FRAP工作液6.0 mL,混匀后37 ℃水浴10 min,593 nm测吸光值,得标曲方程y=0.1986x+0.4719(R2=0.9952)。将待测液代替FeSO4溶液测吸光值,计算FRAP值。
取0.1 mL待测液,依次加pH6.6磷酸缓冲液、1%铁氰化钾各2.5 mL混匀,50 ℃水浴反应20 min;加10%三氯乙酸、蒸馏水各2.5 mL,0.1%氯化铁溶液0.5 mL,静置10 min,700 nm测吸光值。
将7 mmol/L的ABTS溶液与2.45 mmol/L的过硫酸钾溶液等体积混合,室温避光静置12~16 h,用蒸馏水稀释至在734 nm处的吸光值为0.7±0.02,即为ABTS工作液。
精确吸取40 μL蒸糕模拟消化待测液,加入ABTS+·工作液4 mL,混匀后,在室温暗处条件下静置10 min,在波长734 nm测定样品组吸光度值,同法以40 μL的模拟消化空白液代替待测液作为空白对照,测定吸光度值。ABTS+自由基清除率按公式(4)计算。
$ \mathrm{ABTS}{^+}\text{自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{样}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:A0为空白对照组(模拟消化空白液+ABTS+·工作液)的吸光度值;A样为样品测试组(蒸糕模拟消化待测液+ABTS+·工作液)的吸光度值。
将蒸糕切成30×30×30 mm的样品块进行TPA测试。条件如下:P/36R柱形探头,压缩形变量40%,测前速度2.0 mm/s,测试速度1.7 mm/s,测后速度2.0 mm/s,触发力5 g,时间间隔10 s,记录各组样品的硬度、弹性、黏着性、咀嚼性等质构参数。
选择10名经过感官评定训练的食品专业的人员组成品鉴小组(其中,男女各5人),按规定的评分标准(表1)对产品的指标进行综合评分,取平均值为最终结果。
参照刘兴丽等[25]的方法。将不同红豆粉添加量的蒸糕冷却后,装入食品包装袋中热封,置于4 ℃ 冰箱中分别储藏0、1、3、5、7 d,采用1.2.6相同的质构参数进行硬度测定。
取在4 ℃储藏7 d的各组蒸糕样品,从中心切取大小一致的长方体1.5 cm×1.5 cm×3.0 cm,放入低场核磁管(25 mm径)中,利用Q-CPMG脉冲序列测量样品。实验参数为:SW=200 kHz、TW=2000 ms、NS=16、TE=0.25 ms、NECH=2000。
根据邓昱辰等[26]的方法采用FTIR测定。取在4 ℃储藏7 d的各组样品经真空冷冻干燥后粉碎过100目筛,与KBr按1:100(mg/mg)混合研磨均匀后压片。测试条件:扫描次数100次,分辨率32 cm−1,测量范围4000~500 cm−1。
根据张思怡等[27]的方法,取在4 ℃储藏7 d的蒸糕冻干样品,粉碎过100目筛,采用X射线衍射仪进行测定。测试条件:管压40 kV,管流40 mA。扫描区域4º~40º,扫描速率2º/min。根据式(5)计算各样品的相对结晶度。
$\rm {X}_{c}(\text{%})=\frac{{A}_{c}}{{A}_{c}+{A}_{a}}\times 100 $
式中:Xc为相对结晶度,%;Ac为结晶区面积;Aa为非结晶区面积。
取在4 ℃储藏7 d的各组蒸糕冻干粉末,称取3.0 mg置于铝坩埚中,按1:2(w/v)比例加入去离子水,压片密封,室温平衡24 h。使用差示扫描量热仪以10 ℃/min的升温速率从20 ℃扫描至100 ℃。记录起始温度、峰值温度、终止温度及热焓值。
试验重复3次,结果以“平均值±标准误”表示。采用Origin 2018绘图,选择Duncan’s模型进行显著性分析,不同字母代表差异显著(P<0.05),相同字母代表差异不显著(P>0.05)。
混合粉的持水性与持油性是预测面糊加工适应性及成品口感的重要理化指标。如图1所示。随着红豆粉添加量的增加,混合粉的持水性呈上升趋势,持油性则呈先升后降的趋势。这与蔡沙等[20]甘薯生全粉添加量对混粉特性影响的结果一致。混合粉的持水性由0.97 g/g显著(P<0.05)提升至1.43 g/g,主要归因于红豆粉中较高的直链淀粉含量和丰富的膳食纤维[28]。直链淀粉具有较强的吸水能力,而膳食纤维的多孔结构及其表面的亲水性羟基能通过氢键结合并物理截留大量水分子[29−31]。相比之下,混合粉持油性初期上升可能与适量红豆蛋白的引入增强了对油脂的物理截留能力有关[32]。然而,由于红豆粉脂肪含量(约0.6 g/100 g)显著低于小麦粉(约1.5 g/100 g)[33],高比例替代稀释了体系亲脂基团的密度,导致持油性降低。这一结果表明,在配方设计中,若需通过高持油性来改善口感或乳化性能,红豆粉的添加量不宜过高。
比容是衡量蒸糕膨松度的重要指标,直接反映了面糊在蒸制过程中的产气与持气能力。由图2可知,蒸糕的比容随着红豆粉添加量的增加呈上升趋势,从1.80 mL/g升至2.48 mL/g。这一结果突破了“添加无面筋粉类原料通常会导致烘焙制品体积减小”的传统认知。这可能是因为红豆粉中的膳食纤维虽然不形成面筋,但在湿热环境下吸水膨胀,构建了一种物理支撑网络,辅助面筋蛋白维持气孔结构,防止蒸后塌陷[34]。此外,红豆粉颗粒的存在可能改变了面糊的微观孔隙度,促进了淀粉充分糊化和膨胀,从而引起蒸糕比容增加。
色泽是评价食品外观品质的关键指标,并能反映加工过程中成分的变化。如图3所示,蒸糕的色泽随着红豆粉添加量的增加发生显著变化。亮度(L*值)从63.86显著降至59.12(P<0.05),表明蒸糕颜色逐渐变暗,与陈楚瑶等[35]使用微波处理红豆的结论一致。红度(a*值)从0.06激增至5.18,这主要源于红豆皮中花色苷等天然色素的引入[36]。在高温蒸制条件下,红豆种皮中的原花青素可能发生氧化聚合,导致颜色明显加深[37]。黄度(b*值)从11.03升至14.82,这除了与红豆中天然存在的类胡萝卜素等黄色素有关,还可能源于其丰富的还原糖与蛋白质在加热过程中发生的美拉德反应,生成黄褐色的类黑精物质[34]。
如图4所示,随着红豆粉添加量的增加,蒸糕的水分含量与蛋白质含量均呈逐步上升趋势。水分含量的增加表明红豆粉显著增强了蒸糕的持水能力,这与混合粉持水性的测定结果一致。这是因为混合粉较高的持水性有助于在蒸制过程中锁住水分,为成品带来更加湿润、柔软的口感。同时,蒸糕蛋白质含量由2.17 g/100 g增加至2.72 g/100 g,这是由于红豆粉蛋白质含量(约20.2 g/100 g)显著高于小麦粉(约11.2 g/100 g)、糯米粉(约7.3 g/100 g)等原料[33],其添加直接提高了蒸糕的蛋白质水平。
由图5知,随着红豆粉添加量的增加,蒸糕的总抗氧化能力、总还原力与ABTS+·清除率均呈先升后降趋势,当添加量为24%时达最高值。这是因为红豆种皮中丰富的多酚、黄酮和花色苷等活性物质显著提升了蒸糕抗氧化活性[17]。当红豆粉添加量过高时,因红豆粉中的膳食纤维和蛋白质剧烈争夺水分,阻碍淀粉糊化并破坏面筋网络,致使蒸糕质地紧密、硬度增加[18,38]。此外,多酚类物质在高温蒸制条件下加速降解,或与蛋白质、淀粉形成“多酚-蛋白质/淀粉复合物”而被包裹,最终导致抗氧化能力降低[34]。
由表2得知,随着红豆粉的增加,蒸糕硬度从683.95 g显著下降至498.59 g(P<0.05),咀嚼性也呈下降趋势。这与张思怡等[27]添加燕麦纤维对蛋糕品质影响的结论一致。原因可能在于:一方面,红豆粉的高持水性有效保留了更多自由水和结合水,水作为增塑剂增强了淀粉-蛋白网络的柔顺性;另一方面,红豆淀粉颗粒的嵌入可能物理阻断了小麦面筋蛋白的过度交联,形成更为疏松、柔软的复合凝胶结构[34]。蒸糕的黏着性从64.91 g·s大幅降低至5.30 g·s。表明蒸糕变得更加爽口,不粘牙。这主要归因于红豆粉中的粗纤维降低了淀粉糊的粘滞性,改善了咀嚼的清爽感。蒸糕的弹性、内聚性与回复性呈波动变化,在添加量16%左右保持较好水平,过量添加后略有下降。说明适量红豆粉中的蛋白质与多糖可能通过相互作用优化了网络结构,使其在受力后仍能较好地恢复原状,但过量会因面筋被过度稀释而导致网络结构松散,恢复力减弱[34]。
由图6可知,红豆粉添加量对蒸糕的感官品质具有显著影响。随着添加量从0%增至32%,蒸糕的外观形态评分呈上升趋势,主要归因于红豆粉中膳食纤维形成的三维凝胶网状结构,有效增强了产品的支撑性与抗塌陷能力。色泽与滋味口感评分均呈先升后降趋势。当添加量为24%时,色泽评分最高(18分),蒸糕呈现均匀淡红色;继续添加则因花青素氧化聚合导致色泽转为暗红,评分下降。滋味口感在添加量16%时得分最高(18分),此时蒸糕软糯适中、豆香清爽;过量添加则因红豆中脂氧合酶催化不饱和脂肪酸产生的挥发性醛酮类物质积累,引入明显豆腥味,评分降低。组织状态评分同样在添加量16%时最优(18分),质地紧实有弹性、气孔均匀;过量添加后,因纤维与面筋蛋白竞争性吸水,导致质地松散,甚至出现“掉渣”,评分下降。各组在杂质指标上得分基本持平,表明红豆粉的添加未引入额外异物。综上所述,适量添加红豆粉(16%~24%)可显著改善蒸糕的综合感官品质,而过高添加量则易导致色泽暗沉、豆腥味突出及组织粗糙等问题,这与陈雪珍等[18]红豆超微粉对面包的影响一致。
由图7所示,随着储藏时间的延长,各组蒸糕的硬度均显著增加,表现出典型的淀粉回生特征。在相同储藏时间(1、3、5、7 d),添加红豆粉的组别硬度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),黄成烨[39]也有类似发现。当红豆粉添加量为24%时,硬度控制效果最佳,在第7 d时,其硬度较对照组降低了33.26%。观察发现,对照组(0%)在第3 d时的硬度(1162.55 g)已经超过了24%红豆粉组在第5 d时的硬度(1001.88 g),这表明红豆粉添加量为24%时能使蒸糕在达到同等硬度的情况下,比对照组延缓至少2 d以上。分析原因为适量红豆粉中的可溶性膳食纤维和蛋白质具有极强的水合能力,它们通过竞争性结合水分子,限制了水分向淀粉结晶区的迁移,从而在一定程度上干扰了淀粉分子重结晶过程,起到了延缓老化的作用[40]。然而,在高添加量下,红豆粉可能会过度争夺水分,导致淀粉凝胶网络因局部缺水而加速硬化。
由图8得知,弱结合水在各组蒸糕样品中占据主导地位(87.06%~90.23%),深层结合水占比次之,自由水占比最低,这一分布特征与Wan等[41]的报道相似。随着红豆粉添加量的增加,弱结合水比例呈先升后降趋势,并在添加量16%时达到峰值(90.23%),同时自由水比例从4.55%降至最低值3.25%,表明适量的红豆粉能与原有体系协同构建更加致密的凝胶网络,显著增强体系的物理截留与持水能力。图中深层结合水的比例随红豆粉添加量的增加呈先升后降趋势,在添加量16%~24%时达到6.47%~8.32%,较对照组增加12.13%~44.19%。这表明适量的红豆粉(富含膳食纤维和植物蛋白)具有较强的水合能力,能通过氢键等作用将更多游离水转化为紧密结合的状态,从而限制了水分子的流动性。然而,当添加量增至32%时,自由水比例回升至5.54%。结合质构分析可知,过量添加导致的凝胶网络受损使部分弱结合水转变为自由水渗出。综合表明,16%~24%的红豆粉添加量能使蒸糕体系达到最优的水合平衡状态。
观察图9A红外全波段图谱发现,红豆粉的添加未改变基本吸收峰位,但显著影响了3200~3600 cm−1区域(O-H伸缩振动)的峰强,表明红豆粉组分与基质间形成了强烈的氢键相互作用[42]。为进一步探究红豆粉添加量对淀粉短程有序结构产生的影响,对900~1200 cm−1区域进行吸光度转换与去卷积处理。其中,1047 cm−1/1022 cm−1与995 cm−1/1022 cm−1的吸光度比值分别表征淀粉的短程有序度(结晶区)和无定形程度[43]。如图9B、C所示,储藏7 d后,对照组(0%)的1047/1022比值最高(0.612),而995/1022比值最低(1.120),表明其淀粉双螺旋大量缔合,处于高度有序的老化状态。当红豆粉添加量为16%~24%时,体系的短程结构发生逆转,1047/1022比值降至最低区间(0.567~0.570),对应995/1022比值升至最高峰值(1.164~1.175)。这从分子作用力层面揭示了其抗老化机制:适量红豆纤维与蛋白富含的极性基团,与淀粉分子形成了竞争性的氢键。这种分子间的强交联不仅截留了大量水分(印证了LF-NMR结果),更在物理上构筑了空间位阻,有效阻断了支链淀粉双螺旋结构的缔合,迫使淀粉维持在无定形状态。而添加量32%组两项比值的反弹,再次印证了网络破裂与水分流失会加速残存淀粉链的刚性回生。
如图10的XRD图谱所示,各组样品均呈现出相似的衍射轮廓,在2θ约为17°和20°处均出现明显的特征衍射峰。这表明红豆粉的添加并未改变蒸糕回生淀粉的基本晶型种类,但显著影响了衍射峰的相对强度。结合表3的数据可知,红豆粉的添加对储藏期蒸糕的相对结晶度产生了显著影响。相对结晶度的大小直观反映了淀粉的回生(老化)程度,结晶度越低,说明淀粉分子的重排与晶体生长受到的阻碍越大[27]。表3中,对照组(0%)的相对结晶度最高(12.08%),表明淀粉双螺旋结构高度有序,老化最严重。当红豆粉添加量为16%~24%时,特征峰峰形变得相对平缓、弥散,相对结晶度降至最低区间(9.01%~9.15%),表明适量的红豆粉能有效抑制储藏期间淀粉分子的重排。这一微观结晶的抑制现象与前文的理化指标高度关联。一方面,FTIR分析已证实红豆组分强化了体系的分子间氢键,这种复合网络在物理上产生了极强的空间位阻,阻断了淀粉链的靠拢;另一方面,LF-NMR结果表明该组具有高比例的弱结合水,这种竞争性水合作用剥夺了淀粉重结晶所需的介质环境,从结晶动力学上延缓了晶体生长。然而,当添加量过高(32%)时,相对结晶度反弹至10.06%,这也与LF-NMR中自由水异常升高及质构分析的结果相呼应。过量添加对网络结构的破坏导致水分流失加速,局部淀粉浓度升高反而促进了残存淀粉链的回生。
吸热焓值是量化蒸糕在储藏过程中老化程度的关键指标[25]。不同红豆粉添加量对储藏期蒸糕老化焓的影响如表4所示。结果显示,在4 ℃储藏7 d后,所有添加红豆粉的蒸糕的老化焓值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),较对照组降低了15.11%~41.49%,这表明红豆粉能够抑制支链淀粉重结晶,延缓蒸糕的老化。随着红豆粉添加量增加,老化焓值呈显著的先降后升趋势(P<0.05)。当添加量为16%~24%时,老化焓值降至最低区间(2.44~2.51 J/g,两组间无显著差异),防老化效果达到最佳。结合前文微观分析,这一显著的抗重结晶效果源于双重机制:一是红豆纤维凭借强持水性(LF-NMR证实)竞争性截留了水分,剥夺了淀粉链迁移所需的介质;二是多糖-蛋白复合网络在物理上产生了强烈的空间位阻,直接阻断了支链淀粉的缔合。然而,当过量添加(32%)时,网络体系破裂导致局部脱水,残存淀粉链刚性缔合,致使热焓值反弹至3.16 J/g。该结果与XRD结晶动力学规律高度契合。
本文研究了不同红豆粉添加量对复合蒸糕品质及储藏期老化特性的影响。结果表明,16%~24%的红豆粉添加量为最优区间,显著提升了体系的持水性,使蒸糕比容增至2.48 mL/g、蛋白质含量升至2.72 g/100 g,有效降低了硬度与黏着性,改善了蒸糕的综合感官品质,使其质地软糯适中、气孔均匀,色泽呈现均匀淡红色。当添加量为24%时,蒸糕的抗氧化效果达到峰值,总抗氧化能力为1.19 mmol/L、总还原力为0.19、ABTS+自由基清除率达到24.10%。在机制层面,适量红豆粉通过强化氢键网络与基质深度融合,发挥了延缓水分迁移与构筑空间位阻的双重效应:其强水合作用使深层结合水比例较对照组增加12.13%~44.19%,限制了淀粉重结晶所需的水分。同时,红豆纤维与蛋白的极性基团通过氢键竞争与物理位阻效应,干扰了支链淀粉双螺旋结构的短程缔合,使储藏7 d后的相对结晶度降至9.01%~9.15%,老化焓值降低15.11%~41.49%,从结晶动力学和热力学层面有效抑制了淀粉老化。然而,本研究仅考察了4 ℃短期(7 d)的物理老化特性,未涉及实际货架期中微生物引起的腐败变质,且多组分体系中红豆活性物质与特定淀粉分子间的互作靶点尚待明确。未来研究将进一步探究不同储藏条件下的微生物稳定性与综合保鲜技术,并分离纯化红豆特征组分,结合分子动力学模拟等手段,深入解析分子层面的互作机制,为高品质、长货架期功能性杂粮面制品的开发提供更全面的理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2026020079
  • 接收时间:2026-02-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2026-02-09
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    1山东省蚕业研究所,功能作物种质创新与栽培利用山东省工程研究中心,烟台市蚕桑功能物质评价与利用重点实验室,植物干细胞定向育种烟台市工程研究中心,山东烟台 264002
    2烟台南山学院健康学院,山东烟台 265713

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崔少宁(1990−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:粮油精深加工,E-mail:。
施新琴(1980−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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