Article(id=1320165963228623752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110205, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763568000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681693131, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681693131, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681693131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681693131, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=44, endPage=53, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320165963429950345, articleId=1320165963228623752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Ultrasonic on the Physicochemical Properties of High-oleic Peanut Milk, Oil Bodies, and Proteins, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

High-oleic peanut milk meets consumer demand for healthy beverages; however, its stability urgently requires improvement. High-oleic peanuts were used as raw materials to investigate the effects of ultrasonic power (30~270 W) on the physicochemical properties of high-oleic peanut milk, oil bodies, and proteins in this study. The results showed that the influence of ultrasonic on different systems presented a power-dependent effect. As ultrasonic power was 210 W, the high-oleic peanut milk was the whitest, had the highest brightness and the best dispersion stability and thermal stability. The Zeta potential of high-oleic peanut oil bodies decreased and then increased (the lowest Zeta potential of oil body was −17.73 mV at 90 W), while the particle size of oil bodies gradually decreased (the smallest particle sizes of oil bodies were 2.6~2.7 μm at 210 W and 270 W) as the ultrasonic power increased. With increasing the ultrasonic power, the composition of peanut proteins did not change (P>0.05), however, the protein structure gradually became looser (α-helix and β-sheet decreased, β-turn and random coil increased, intrinsic fluorescence decreased). In addition, the protein solubility (95.20%), surface hydrophobicity (bromophenol blue bound was 68.90 μg) and emulsifying properties (emulsifying activity index was 9.70 m2/g, emulsion stability index was 61.40%) were the highest at 210 W ultrasonic. This study indicated that ultrasonic treatment could improve the dispersion and thermal stability of peanut milk, which was closely related to the effects of ultrasonic on oil bodies and proteins. This provides theoretical support and technical parameters for the additive-free processing of high oleic peanut milk beverages.

, authors=Xiuwen ZHENG, Xiaowei DING, Yanling CHENG, Shuyue YAN, Wentao WANG, Luping ZHAO*, authorsList=Xiuwen ZHENG, Xiaowei DING, Yanling CHENG, Shuyue YAN, Wentao WANG, Luping ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Luping ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320165966961554330, articleId=1320165963228623752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超声对高油酸花生乳、油体和蛋白的理化性质影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

高油酸花生乳契合消费者对健康饮品的需求,然而花生乳稳定性亟需改善。本研究以高油酸花生为原料,探究超声功率(30~270 W)对高油酸花生乳、油体及蛋白的理化性质的影响。结果表明,超声对不同体系的影响呈现功率依赖性效应。在210 W超声功率下,高油酸花生乳颜色最白、亮度最高,分散稳定性和热稳定性最好。随着超声功率增加,高油酸花生油体电位先降低后增加(90 W时油体电位最低为−17.73 mV),而油体粒径逐渐降低(210 W和270 W时,油体粒径最小为2.6~2.7 μm)。随着超声功率的增加,花生蛋白组成没有明显变化,但蛋白结构逐渐松散(α-螺旋、β-折叠减少,β-转角、无规则卷曲增加;内源荧光降低);210 W超声时蛋白溶解度(95.20%)、表面疏水性(溴酚蓝结合量为68.90 μg)和乳化性(乳化活性指数为9.70 m2/g、乳化稳定性指数为61.40%)最高。本研究说明超声可以改善花生乳分散稳定性和热稳定性,这与超声对油体和蛋白的影响有密切关系,这将为高油酸花生乳饮料的无添加加工提供理论支撑与技术参数。

, authors=郑秀雯, 丁晓伟, 程延玲, 闫书悦, 王文涛, 赵路苹*, authorsList=郑秀雯, 丁晓伟, 程延玲, 闫书悦, 王文涛, 赵路苹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵路苹, authorNote=

郑秀雯(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵路苹(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
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Food Chemistry, 2023, 413: 135626., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320165967188046747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320165967196435356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, companyId=1320165967188046747, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320165967204823965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, companyId=1320165967188046747, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320165971155858376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of ultrasonic power on Zeta potential (A), particle size (B) and centrifugal sedimentation rate (C) of high-oleic peanut milk, figureFileSmall=zbyvrCI9vW6l8dUFWYnzPg==, figureFileBig=Nr5l9Co9BKVegaACPksm0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971227161545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图1, caption=超声功率处理对高油酸花生乳Zeta电位(A)、粒径(B)及离心沉淀率(C)的影响

注:不同小写字母表示数据差异显著,P<0.05;图2~图6、图8同。

, figureFileSmall=zbyvrCI9vW6l8dUFWYnzPg==, figureFileBig=Nr5l9Co9BKVegaACPksm0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971415905226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of ultrasonic power on thermal stability of high-oleic peanut milk, figureFileSmall=v6huIaxba4dKD8RxkaqSGA==, figureFileBig=DAMabsGyk+SNu70rJWeoKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971491402699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图2, caption=超声功率对高油酸花生乳热稳定性的影响, figureFileSmall=v6huIaxba4dKD8RxkaqSGA==, figureFileBig=DAMabsGyk+SNu70rJWeoKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971558511564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of ultrasonic power on the basic composition (A) and protein composition (B) of high-oleic peanut oil body, figureFileSmall=tB3JVXLGXk9do2rUZAEXJg==, figureFileBig=QJq/p98vA/190nYelRS3pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971617231821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图3, caption=超声功率对高油酸花生油体基本成分(A)、蛋白质组成(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=tB3JVXLGXk9do2rUZAEXJg==, figureFileBig=QJq/p98vA/190nYelRS3pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971684340686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of ultrasonic power on the potential (A), particle size (B), particle size distribution (C), and microstructure (D) of high-oleic peanut oil body, figureFileSmall=f2FkZQYO92Y0D90fa+EU6g==, figureFileBig=uL4Hkjg87nMce0o/v8r8sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971776615375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图4, caption=超声功率对高油酸花生油体电位(A)、粒径(B)、粒度分布(C)及微观结构的影响

注:图D中蓝色代表蛋白,红色代表油,粉色代表蛋白和油的叠加区。

, figureFileSmall=f2FkZQYO92Y0D90fa+EU6g==, figureFileBig=uL4Hkjg87nMce0o/v8r8sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971856307152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of ultrasonic power on Zeta potential (A), appearance (B), particle size (C), and particle size distribution (D) of heated high-oleic peanut oil body, figureFileSmall=p1iJk3WbNir1P22K1yxIBQ==, figureFileBig=Ss2vwPehwZUF+ramXQ0S8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165971923416017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图5, caption=超声功率对加热的高油酸花生油体电位(A)、外观(B)、粒径(C)、粒度分布(D)的影响, figureFileSmall=p1iJk3WbNir1P22K1yxIBQ==, figureFileBig=Ss2vwPehwZUF+ramXQ0S8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165972003107794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of ultrasonic power on composition (A), Zeta potential (B), particle size (C) and particle size distribution (D) of high-oleic peanut protein, figureFileSmall=BIai6g7ADZXR6vVB30pEkA==, figureFileBig=zmM+FZNhXhkWiYMlFhOI6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165972078605267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图6, caption=超声功率对高油酸花生蛋白组成(A)、电位(B)、粒径(C)及粒度分布(D)的影响, figureFileSmall=BIai6g7ADZXR6vVB30pEkA==, figureFileBig=zmM+FZNhXhkWiYMlFhOI6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165972149908436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of ultrasonic power on fourier infrared spectra (A) and endogenous fluorescence spectra (B) of high-oleic peanut protein, figureFileSmall=pUk+WkRIWrYknoJQ3xv1bQ==, figureFileBig=MKW82je/flnLNKV7rQ/ZHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165972225405909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图7, caption=超声功率对高油酸花生蛋白傅里叶红外光谱(A)、内源荧光光谱的影响(B), figureFileSmall=pUk+WkRIWrYknoJQ3xv1bQ==, figureFileBig=MKW82je/flnLNKV7rQ/ZHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165972292514774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of ultrasonic power on functional properties of high-oleic peanut protein, figureFileSmall=wq7rajI8gJS9vWycdj7G/Q==, figureFileBig=ddSz193g0vzow7qF7WrltQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320165972359623639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=图8, caption=超声功率对高油酸花生蛋白功能性质的影响

注:A:溶解度;B:表面疏水性;C:乳化性。

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Effect of ultrasonic power on the whiteness of high-oleic peanut milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标未处理30 W90 W150 W210 W270 W
L*81.60±0.03b79.03±0.25c78.46±0.59cd77.20±0.63e83.33±0.01a77.54±0.78de
a*−2.75±0.01b−3.46±0.10cd−3.14±0.21c−3.47±0.06cd−1.78±0.17a−3.65±0.15d
b*4.06±0.02d4.93±0.04a4.81±0.03b4.91±0.19a4.85±0.28b4.25±0.20c
WH80.96±0.03b76.45±0.28d77.71±0.59c76.42±0.66d82.54±0.06a77.34±0.13cd
), ArticleFig(id=1320165972498035673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

超声功率对高油酸花生乳白度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标未处理30 W90 W150 W210 W270 W
L*81.60±0.03b79.03±0.25c78.46±0.59cd77.20±0.63e83.33±0.01a77.54±0.78de
a*−2.75±0.01b−3.46±0.10cd−3.14±0.21c−3.47±0.06cd−1.78±0.17a−3.65±0.15d
b*4.06±0.02d4.93±0.04a4.81±0.03b4.91±0.19a4.85±0.28b4.25±0.20c
WH80.96±0.03b76.45±0.28d77.71±0.59c76.42±0.66d82.54±0.06a77.34±0.13cd
), ArticleFig(id=1320165972560950234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of ultrasonic power on the secondary structure of high-oleic peanut protein

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
超声功率(W)α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲(%)
未处理18.42±0.04a32.23±0.22a33.55±0.42b13.63±0.35bc
3018.41±0.09a30.04±3.62ab36.39±0.36a13.05±0.46c
9018.40±0.23a29.90±2.73bc36.76±0.46a13.06±3.22bc
15017.99±0.28a28.54±3.39cd36.48±0.26a15.75±1.05ab
21014.44±0.27b26.49±0.47d37.00±0.22a17.66±0.41a
27015.46±1.70b26.86±0.79d33.43±0.62b17.57±0.36a
), ArticleFig(id=1320165972640642011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320165963228623752, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

超声功率对高油酸花生蛋白二级结构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
超声功率(W)α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲(%)
未处理18.42±0.04a32.23±0.22a33.55±0.42b13.63±0.35bc
3018.41±0.09a30.04±3.62ab36.39±0.36a13.05±0.46c
9018.40±0.23a29.90±2.73bc36.76±0.46a13.06±3.22bc
15017.99±0.28a28.54±3.39cd36.48±0.26a15.75±1.05ab
21014.44±0.27b26.49±0.47d37.00±0.22a17.66±0.41a
27015.46±1.70b26.86±0.79d33.43±0.62b17.57±0.36a
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超声对高油酸花生乳、油体和蛋白的理化性质影响
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郑秀雯 , 丁晓伟 , 程延玲 , 闫书悦 , 王文涛 , 赵路苹 *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(14): 44-53
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (14) : 44 -53
超声对高油酸花生乳、油体和蛋白的理化性质影响
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郑秀雯 , 丁晓伟, 程延玲, 闫书悦, 王文涛, 赵路苹*
作者信息
  • 山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018
通讯作者:
赵路苹(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郑秀雯(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

Effects of Ultrasonic on the Physicochemical Properties of High-oleic Peanut Milk, Oil Bodies, and Proteins
Xiuwen ZHENG , Xiaowei DING, Yanling CHENG, Shuyue YAN, Wentao WANG, Luping ZHAO*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110205
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高油酸花生乳契合消费者对健康饮品的需求,然而花生乳稳定性亟需改善。本研究以高油酸花生为原料,探究超声功率(30~270 W)对高油酸花生乳、油体及蛋白的理化性质的影响。结果表明,超声对不同体系的影响呈现功率依赖性效应。在210 W超声功率下,高油酸花生乳颜色最白、亮度最高,分散稳定性和热稳定性最好。随着超声功率增加,高油酸花生油体电位先降低后增加(90 W时油体电位最低为−17.73 mV),而油体粒径逐渐降低(210 W和270 W时,油体粒径最小为2.6~2.7 μm)。随着超声功率的增加,花生蛋白组成没有明显变化,但蛋白结构逐渐松散(α-螺旋、β-折叠减少,β-转角、无规则卷曲增加;内源荧光降低);210 W超声时蛋白溶解度(95.20%)、表面疏水性(溴酚蓝结合量为68.90 μg)和乳化性(乳化活性指数为9.70 m2/g、乳化稳定性指数为61.40%)最高。本研究说明超声可以改善花生乳分散稳定性和热稳定性,这与超声对油体和蛋白的影响有密切关系,这将为高油酸花生乳饮料的无添加加工提供理论支撑与技术参数。

高油酸花生  /  超声  /  花生乳  /  油体  /  蛋白  /  性质

High-oleic peanut milk meets consumer demand for healthy beverages; however, its stability urgently requires improvement. High-oleic peanuts were used as raw materials to investigate the effects of ultrasonic power (30~270 W) on the physicochemical properties of high-oleic peanut milk, oil bodies, and proteins in this study. The results showed that the influence of ultrasonic on different systems presented a power-dependent effect. As ultrasonic power was 210 W, the high-oleic peanut milk was the whitest, had the highest brightness and the best dispersion stability and thermal stability. The Zeta potential of high-oleic peanut oil bodies decreased and then increased (the lowest Zeta potential of oil body was −17.73 mV at 90 W), while the particle size of oil bodies gradually decreased (the smallest particle sizes of oil bodies were 2.6~2.7 μm at 210 W and 270 W) as the ultrasonic power increased. With increasing the ultrasonic power, the composition of peanut proteins did not change (P>0.05), however, the protein structure gradually became looser (α-helix and β-sheet decreased, β-turn and random coil increased, intrinsic fluorescence decreased). In addition, the protein solubility (95.20%), surface hydrophobicity (bromophenol blue bound was 68.90 μg) and emulsifying properties (emulsifying activity index was 9.70 m2/g, emulsion stability index was 61.40%) were the highest at 210 W ultrasonic. This study indicated that ultrasonic treatment could improve the dispersion and thermal stability of peanut milk, which was closely related to the effects of ultrasonic on oil bodies and proteins. This provides theoretical support and technical parameters for the additive-free processing of high oleic peanut milk beverages.

high oleic peanut  /  ultrasound  /  peanut milk  /  oil body  /  protein  /  properties
郑秀雯, 丁晓伟, 程延玲, 闫书悦, 王文涛, 赵路苹. 超声对高油酸花生乳、油体和蛋白的理化性质影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 44 -53 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110205
Xiuwen ZHENG, Xiaowei DING, Yanling CHENG, Shuyue YAN, Wentao WANG, Luping ZHAO. Effects of Ultrasonic on the Physicochemical Properties of High-oleic Peanut Milk, Oil Bodies, and Proteins[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 44 -53 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110205
植物蛋白饮料是以果仁、果肉、籽粒为原料,经过破碎、调配、均质等处理得到的乳状饮料[1],是一种热力学不稳定体系。近年来,在改善植物蛋白乳饮料稳定性方面开展了有益探究,原料组成、乳化剂种类、物理场处理等是影响植物蛋白乳饮料稳定的重要因素[2−3]。高油酸花生因油酸含量高(≥75%)具有更好的氧化稳定性和更长的货架期,已成为植物基乳饮料的优质原料[4]。花生乳是以花生仁为原料,经浸泡、磨浆、调配、均质及杀菌等现代食品加工工艺制成的一种具有风味物质的饮品[5]。尽管单甘酯、多糖(如黄原胶)和蛋白等成分对改善花生乳稳定性取得了一定的效果[6−7],但花生乳仍然面临体系不稳定的问题。随着乳饮料胶体体系的研究深入,发现花生乳的稳定性主要取决于其核心组分——油体和蛋白。油体作为储油的细胞器,其内部是甘油三酯,外层是由磷脂和油体蛋白构成的膜结构[8],花生蛋白主要由花生球蛋白(约占70%~80%)和伴花生球蛋白(约占20%~30%)组成,其中花生球蛋白由酸性亚基(40.5和37.5 kDa)与碱性亚基(23.5和19.5 kDa的)组成,而伴花生球蛋白包括61.0 kDa的组分及其15.6 kDa的2S蛋白,这些蛋白的组成和理化性质决定了花生蛋白的功能特性[9]。
超声技术作为一种绿色非热加工手段,其空化效应可产生局部变化,剪切效应能细化颗粒粒径,已被证实可调控食品胶体的界面结构(如促进蛋白在油-水界面吸附)。Wang等[10]、曾广镇等[11]报道了超声有利于提取花生油体,超声的空化效应能够改变油体界面结构,增强花生油体的乳化稳定性和抗氧化活性。王震霄等[12]分析了超声对大豆油体制备的油体复合乳液的稳定性,考察了超声对包埋β-胡萝卜素的效果,实现了脂溶性生物活性物质的高效利用。李滢溪等[13]证明了超声影响蛋白的功能特性,通过破碎生物大分子自聚集体、改善粒径分布情况,促进蛋白质的竞争吸附稳定乳液,显著提高了花生分离蛋白-果胶复合乳液的长期稳定性。目前,国内外研究多集中于超声对蛋白或油体的组成和性质影响,从植物乳稳定性角度切入分析花生乳体系中重要组分的研究相对不足。为提升高油酸花生乳稳定性,解析花生乳主要组成——油体和蛋白的变化规律是亟需解决的问题。
因此,本研究分析超声功率对高油酸花生乳稳定性的影响,并表征超声功率对高油酸花生油体组成性质和高油酸花生蛋白的结构、性质的变化,为解析花生乳稳定性提供理论支撑。本研究不仅为高油酸花生乳的工业化生产探索提供了理论依据,也为植物蛋白饮料加工技术的创新提供了新思路。
‘花育963’高油酸花生仁 山东鲁花农业科技推广有限公司;山梨酸钾 宁波王龙科技股份有限公司;一级大豆油 益海嘉里金龙鱼食品集团股份有限公司;牛血清白蛋白标准品 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;巯基乙醇 优级纯,北京百灵威科技有限公司;溴化钾 光谱纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;正己烷 分析纯,山东科源生化有限公司;冰乙酸、考马斯亮蓝(G250)、溴酚蓝、甘油 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;尼罗红、尼罗蓝 分析纯,美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;石油醚 分析纯,天津凯通化学试剂有限公司。
SM2-522H电烤炉 新麦机械(中国)股份有限公司;JYL-C16D/C16V研磨机 九阳股份有限公司;FS-300N超声波处理器 上海生析超声仪器有限公司;JW2019-HR台式高速冷冻离心机 安徽嘉文仪器装备有限公司;MK-578研磨机 永康市金味来电器有限公司;T25-D-D25高速分散机 德国IKA;D01-10NA0084冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;APV-2000型高压均质机 德国SPX仪器公司;NS-90Z纳米粒度及电位分析仪 珠海欧美克仪器有限公司;HL3100激光粒度分析仪 北京海鑫瑞科技有限公司;Nicolet iS50傅里叶红外光谱仪、LF-1701009荧光分光光度计 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司;CS-200色差计 CHN Spec杭州彩谱科技有限公司;LSM880 激光共聚焦显微镜 德国蔡司公司。
参考Wu等[14]的方法制备油体,并略有改动。60 g生高油酸花生仁经烘烤(150 ℃,20 min)、去红衣、去离子水浸泡(4 ℃,12 h)。吸胀的花生仁按照料液比1:8(w/v)加入去离子水,打浆、过滤得到花生乳。花生乳于冰水浴下进行不同超声功率(30、90、150、210、270 W,20 min)处理,以未处理作为对照组。混合液以4000×g离心30 min(4 ℃),收集上层膏体,并分散于去离子水中,相同条件下离心。收集上层膏体即为不同超声功率处理后的高油酸花生油体。将1.0 g高油酸花生油体均匀分散到10 mL水中,得到10%(w/w)的油体乳液。
称取100 g 烘烤、去红衣的高油酸花生仁,研磨机破碎、过10目筛,加正己烷1:5(w/v)脱脂,匀速搅拌2 h,抽滤混合液,收集残渣,三次脱脂至滤液无色透明,收集残渣,通风橱挥干溶剂,得到高油酸花生分离蛋白脱脂粉。将脱脂粉与去离子水1:10(w/v)混合,1.0 mol/L NaOH调pH至8.0,搅拌2 h,25 ℃ 4000×g离心20 min,收集上清液,用1.0 mol/L HCl调pH至4.5,再次离心,水洗沉淀2次,收集沉淀。沉淀与去离子水1:5(w/v)溶解,高速剪切(6000 r/min,1 min),用1.0 mol/L NaOH调pH至7.0,用透析袋(截留分子量3500 Da)4 ℃透析36 h,冷冻干燥 48 h,4 ℃保存。将上述高油酸花生蛋白冻干粉取1.0 g均匀分散到100 mL水中,得到花生蛋白溶液1%(w/w),于冰水浴下进行不同超声功率处理(30~270 W,20 min),以未处理作为对照组。
参考于敏[15]的方法制备,并略有改动。称取100 g 烘烤、去红衣的高油酸花生仁,去离子水浸泡(4 ℃,12 h)后,加入去离子水以料液比1:8(w/v)混合、打浆,四层脱脂纱布过滤,得高油酸花生乳。上述高油酸花生乳于冰水浴下进行不同超声功率处理(30~270 W,20 min)处理,再用高压均质机均质(25 ℃,60 MPa),以未处理作为对照组。
参考吴传江[16]的方法测定,并略有改动。使用色差计测定花生乳的颜色。将花生乳装入透明玻璃容器。标准板用于仪器校准,再将容器贴近光源放置以检测颜色值L*、a*和b*,计算白度值WH。
$\rm W_{H} =100- \sqrt{(100-L^\text{*})^2+{a^\text{*}}^2+{b^\text{*}}^2} $
式中,L*表示明度;a*表示红色度;b*表示黄色度。
参考Ma等[17]方法测定,并略有改动。花生乳、花生蛋白溶液(1%,w/w)和花生油体乳液(10%,w/w)用纳米粒度及电位分析仪测Zeta电位。样品测定条件设置为:折射率1.450,溶剂折射率1.331,吸光度0.001。
将花生蛋白溶液(1%,w/w)用0.01 mol/L的PBS缓冲液(pH7.0)适当稀释,用纳米粒度及电位分析仪测定粒径,样品测定条件设置为:折射率1.467,溶剂折射率1.330,吸光度0.01;花生乳和10%(w/w)花生油体乳液用激光粒度分析仪测定粒径,样品测定条件设置为:折射率1.450,溶剂折射率1.331,吸光度0.001。
取空离心管称质量记为M,称取10 g花生乳,称取乳与离心管总重量,离心(7000 r/min,10 min,25 ℃),弃去上清液保留沉淀,称取离心管与沉淀的总质量,计算离心沉淀率。
$ 离心沉淀率(\text{%})= \frac{\mathrm{M}_2-\mathrm{M}}{\mathrm{M}_1-\mathrm{M}}\times 100 $
式中,M表示空离心管质量,g;M1表示离心管与花生乳的总质量,g;M2表示离心管与沉淀的总质量,g;
将花生乳、花生油体乳液(10%,w/w)分别加入玻璃瓶,于100 ℃的沸水浴中加热15 min,观察加热前后花生乳的外观变化,测定加热后花生乳的电位和粒径。
花生油体的水分含量测定:直接干燥法,参照 GB/T 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》;花生油体、花生分离蛋白的蛋白质含量测定:凯氏定氮法,参照GB/T 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》,花生转换系数为5.46;花生油体的脂肪含量测定:索氏抽提法,参照GB/T 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》。
参考Laemmli[18]方法测定,并略有改动。油体样品的蛋白浓度为2 mg/mL,加入含2%巯基乙醇的样品溶解液(40%甘油、0.02%溴酚蓝、0.25 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH6.8)和1% SDS),在4%浓缩胶(恒定电压40 V)和16%分离胶(恒定电压100 V)中进行分离;花生蛋白样品的蛋白浓度为1.5 mg/mL,在5%浓缩胶和12.5%分离胶条件下恒定电流10 mA进行分离。溴酚蓝到达距前沿约0.5 cm时停止电泳,经过固定、染色、脱色后,用凝胶成像仪拍照,Image Lab软件分析蛋白条带的强度。
为表征油体的微观结构,取10%花生油体乳液与尼罗红染料和尼罗蓝染料避光混合10 min以染色油和蛋白。取10 μL染色后样品置于载玻片上,加盖玻片固定。使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜,以488 nm激光激发,于560~620 nm通道收集发射荧光。采用10倍镜观察,并通过Z-Stack模式获取三维图像,分析油体的尺寸分布及聚集状态。
参考Liu等[19]方法测定,并略有改动。将花生蛋白与溴化钾1:100混合,用玛瑙研钵研磨至粉末,压片至透明薄片,放入傅里叶红外光谱仪测试槽中扫描。扫描范围4000~400 cm−1,扫描次数32次,分辨率4 cm−1。
参考张玉茹等[20]的方法测定,并略有改动。将花生蛋白溶于0.01 mol/L的PBS缓冲液(pH7.0),得到0.01 mg/mL溶液,室温下使用荧光分光光度计分析内源荧光光谱。激发波长设置为280 nm,发射波长设置为300~500 nm,扫描速度设置为1200 nm/min,狭缝宽度均为2.5 nm。
花生蛋白溶液1%(w/w)通过考马斯亮蓝G250测定离心前蛋白溶液和离心后上清液中蛋白质含量(4000×g,20 min),计算溶解度(Nitrogen Solubility Index,NSI)。
$\rm NSI(\text{%})= \frac{\mathrm{M}_1}{\mathrm{M}_2}\times 100 $
式中,M1表示上清液蛋白含量,mg/mL;M2表示蛋白质含量,mg/mL。
参考Zhang等[21]方法测定,并略有改动。将5 mL浓度为4 mg/mL花生蛋白与1.5 mL浓度为1 mg/mL的溴酚蓝溶液混合,室温下放置1 h。混合物以5000 r/min离心15 min,去离子水作为空白对照。适当稀释,在595 nm波长处测量上清液吸光度。以溴酚蓝(Bromophenol Blue,BPB)结合量表示表面疏水性大小。
$\rm BPB结合量(\text{μ}g)=300\times \frac{\mathrm{Ac}-\text{As}}{\text{Ac}} $
式中,AC为空白对照在595 nm处的吸光度;AS为高油酸花生蛋白在595 nm处的吸光度。
参考张玉茹等[20]的方法测定,并略有改动。1%花生蛋白溶液,加入5 mL大豆油,高速剪切(10000 r/min,1 min)后,室温下静置30 min,从底部分别吸取未放置和放置30 min的乳液50 μL,加入5 mL 0.1% SDS溶液,于500 nm波长处测量吸光度,以SDS为空白对照,测定乳化活性指数(Emulsifying Activity Index,EAI)、乳化稳定性指数(Emulsifying Stability Index,ESI)。
$\rm EAI(m^{2}/g) =\frac{2\times 2.303\times \mathrm{A}_0}{0.25\times \mathrm{M}} $
$\rm ESI(\text{%}) =\frac{30\times \mathrm{A}_0}{\mathrm{A}_0-\mathrm{A}_{30}} $
式中,A0表示未放置样品在500 nm处吸光度;M,表示花生蛋白质量,g;A30表示放置30 min的样品在500 nm处吸光度。
本研究所有实验均设置三次独立重复。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),首先进行方差齐性检验,对满足方差齐性要求的数据采用Tukey多重比较方法进行显著性分析,置信水平设置为95%。实验结果以平均值±标准差表示,图表中不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平上差异显著,相同字母表示差异不显著。使用Origin 2022软件进行图表绘制和数据处理。
色泽是影响植物乳饮料市场接受度的重要感官指标。亮度L*、红绿值a*和黄蓝值b*变化受体系中颗粒光学特性、细胞内含物释放以及发生化学反应的共同结果影响。由表1可知,与未超声相比,随着超声功率的增加,在30~150 W功率时,L*值持续下降,亮度变暗,在超声210 W时,L*值上升,亮度增加且达到最大值(83.33),在270 W时亮度值下降,显著低于未超声组(P<0.05)。210 W时亮度值最大可能是由于散射的光线增加导致花生乳中油体更白,Zaaboul等[22]研究中报道了经过烘烤和高压均质处理后,花生乳的亮度值也增加。所有花生乳样品的a*值均为负值,表示花生乳在超声处理前后整体偏绿,a*的绝对值越大,表示样品颜色越饱和,在超声210 W时绿色饱和度最低(−1.78);b*值在超声30~270 W时均显著高于未超声的花生乳(P<0.05)。超声对花生乳的白度值(WH)有显著影响(P<0.05),且超声210 W时花生乳的WH最大(82.54),150 W时花生乳WH最小(76.42),这可能是超声产生的温和空化效应将花生乳中大油体与较大蛋白聚集体分散为更细小且均一的颗粒,进而增加花生乳白度[23]。因此,超声对花生乳颜色有很大影响,210 W处理的高油酸花生乳颜色最白、亮度最高。
花生乳体系的电位、粒径和离心沉淀率是影响花生乳分散稳定性的重要指标。如图1A,与未超声相比,随超声功率的增加,花生乳的负电荷呈现先增后减的总体趋势,在90 W、210 W时带负电荷最多。花生乳粒径随超声功率的增加出现波动(图1B),在超声90 W时粒径最小(330.43 nm),超声270 W时粒径最大(393.57 nm)。图1C可知,花生乳经过不同超声功率处理,离心沉淀率变化明显,超声90 W、210 W时花生乳的离心沉淀率显著(P<0.05)降低,分别为5.20%、5.60%,比未处理减少了2.58%、1.18%。根据斯托克斯定律,颗粒的沉降速度与粒径直径的平方成正比,粒径越大,沉降速度越快[23]。当功率270 W时,花生乳的电位负电荷减少,粒径增加且离心沉淀率增加,说明270 W不利于花生乳稳定。与未超声相比,30~270 W超声对花生乳的电位、粒径和离心沉淀率产生不同影响,这可能与超声影响花生乳中花生蛋白和油体有关。Jiao等[24]、Huang等[25]报道,超声强度影响花生蛋白的二级和三级结构,改变了花生蛋白的荧光强度、表面疏水性;Wang等[10]报道,超声显著改变了花生油体的粒径,使其分解成更均匀的状态。综上,超声功率90 W有利于花生乳稳定性提高。
花生乳加热后的电位、粒径和外观是影响花生乳热稳定性的重要影响因素。由图2A可知,与未超声相比,除210 W外,不同超声功率处理花生乳Zeta电位值绝对值均增大,粒径值均增加(图2B)。然而,随着超声功率的增加,加热后花生乳的粒径先增加后减小再增加;其中,在90 W时,花生乳的粒径最大(416.17 nm),210 W时花生乳粒径最小(361.2 nm)。图2C显示,花生乳在加热前后均未出现分层现象,说明花生乳具有较好的热稳定性。因此,超声功率210 W对花生乳稳定性产生有利影响。
花生乳的主要成分是油体和蛋白质,为了探究超声对花生乳稳定性影响的机理,本文将提取花生蛋白和油体,并分别研究超声功率对花生蛋白和油体的性质,以阐明超声功率影响花生乳稳定性的内在联系。
图3为超声功率对高油酸花生油体的基本成分和蛋白质组成的影响。随着超声功率的升高,花生油体的水分含量呈现先减少后增加的趋势,与未超声相比,30 W超声功率下制备的花生油体水分最低(19.21%);在210、270 W时油体的水分含量分别为24.40%、23.73%;原因可能是不同超声功率改变了吸附在油体界面的蛋白结构,进而改变油体与水的结合能力[26]。随着超声功率的增加,花生油体的脂肪含量也呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,超声90 W处理时油体脂肪含量显著增加至93.92%,原因可能是超声的空化效应使花生浆液中聚集的油体分散,有利于油体上浮。然而,不同超声处理下,花生油体的蛋白含量(图3A)和蛋白组成(图3B)均没有产生明显变化,花生油体蛋白含量在2.14%~2.37%。由图3B可知,花生油体的结构蛋白主要由油体蛋白A15.6 kDa、油体蛋白B13.0 kDa和油体钙蛋白24 kDa组成,它们对维持油体稳定性起到关键作用[27−28];外源蛋白主要是花生球蛋白和伴花生球蛋白组成;这表明30~270 W未引起油体结构蛋白和外源蛋白的变化。因此,不同超声功率处理显著影响花生油体脂肪和水分含量,且超声90 W使花生油体有较低的水分含量和较高的脂肪含量。
由图4A可知,花生油体Zeta电位绝对值呈先增后减的趋势,超声90 W时花生油体带负电荷最多(−17.73 mV),在超声150~270 W时电荷量持续减小。由于液滴所带负电荷越多,液滴之间的静电斥力越大,液滴不易聚集[29],说明90 W时油体乳液越稳定。图4B显示,随着超声功率的增加,油体粒径不断减小;210 W和270 W时,油体粒径最小(2.6~2.7 μm);这可能是因为超声空化效应使油体均匀分散。图4C显示,未处理和超声30 W时,油体粒度分布均呈现双峰分布,且峰值在6~8 μm逐渐左移;在超声90~270 W时粒度分布变成单峰。图4D为花生油体的CLSM图像,油脂(红色)被蛋白质(蓝色)荧光层包裹,在超声210 W和270 W时油体表现出均匀的较小液滴,这与图2C油体粒度分布的结果相一致。因此,90、210 W超声条件下,花生油体带的负电荷最多,而210 W和270 W时油体尺寸更小。
图5A显示,在相同热处理条件下,随着超声功率的增加,油体Zeta电位绝对值呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在超声90~210 W时油体带负电荷较多,分别为16.07、15.17、14.90 mV;与未加热油体相比,加热后油体(270 W除外)所带负电荷量均减少;图5B可知,所有样品未出现明显的絮凝及分层现象,说明油体的热稳定性较好;由图5C可知,30 W和90 W超声功率时,加热后花生油体D[4,3]>4 μm,150~270 W时,加热后的花生油体D[4,3]在3.26 μm~3.08 μm范围;在30~90 W超声功率时,加热后的花生油体D[3,2]>2.50 μm,150~270 W时,加热后的花生油体D[3,2] 2.25~2.26 μm,因此,150~270 W显著降低了花生油体的粒径;粒度分布进一步显示(图5D),未处理、超声30 W和90 W的花生油体粒度分布均是双峰分布,超声90~270 W花生油体呈现单峰分布。因此,加热使得油体分散稳定性都降低。
综上,超声功率不改变花生油体的蛋白组成,但对油体分散稳定性和热稳定性有明显影响。总体来看,90~210 W超声使花生油体具有更好热稳定性。
图6A显示,高油酸花生蛋白是由伴花生球蛋白I(15 kDa)、花生球蛋白碱性亚基(20 kDa)、花生球蛋白酸性亚基(43 kDa)、伴花生球蛋白II(70 kDa)组成,且在不同超声功率下,花生蛋白均未产生明显的蛋白条带变化;这说明超声功率对花生蛋白的组成未产生影响,此结果与张文等[28]报道一致。花生分离蛋白的电位(图6B)结果显示,随着超声功率增加,蛋白的电位绝对值呈现先减小后增大再减小的趋势,超声210 W带负电荷最多。这可能与超声导致的蛋白结构变化、改变带电基团的分布有关。由图6C可知,未处理、270 W时蛋白的粒径最大(129.33 nm、130.23 nm),超声90 W时粒径最小(103.00 nm),210 W次之(115.90 nm)(P<0.05);此外,超声90、210 W时花生分离蛋白的粒径分布左移最明显,说明此超声条件下花生分离蛋白的粒径变小(图6D)。综上,超声功率对花生分离蛋白的粒径、电位有显著影响,且超声90、210 W时最显著。
在傅里叶红外光谱中,酰胺A带的光谱区间在3200~3550 cm−1,由O-H的拉伸振动产生。蛋白的酰胺I带的光谱区间为1600~1700 cm−1与多肽链中C=O的伸缩振动有关,酰胺II带光谱区间为1530~1550 cm−1与N-H的弯曲振动和C-N键的伸缩振动有关,对花生蛋白二级结构的研究具有重要作用[17]。如图7A可知,在酰胺I带的1652.5~1657.8 cm−1处有一个最强的吸收峰,由C=O的伸缩振动产生;在酰胺II的1537.0~1542.2 cm−1和1395.2~1397.8 cm−1的吸收峰,由N-H的弯曲振动产生;在酰胺A带的3291.0~3295.0 cm−1处也有吸收峰,由O-H的拉伸振动产生,且均发生不同程度的位移。其中,酰胺II带中,与未处理相比,吸收峰在30~270 W均发生轻微蓝移;在酰胺A带中,与超声30 W相比,吸收峰在超声150~210 W时蓝移最明显。结果表明,高油酸花生蛋白经过不同超声功率处理后可能产生了氢键,存在静电相互作用,这种静电相互作用可能来自于花生蛋白的C-N键。进一步分析花生蛋白二级结构,由表2可知,与未处理相比,超声使蛋白结构部分展开;其中超声210~270 W时,α-螺旋、β-折叠降低程度最显著(P<0.05),β-转角含量、无规则卷曲含量增加,说明超声在30~210 W破坏了花生蛋白β-折叠,促使其多肽链反转180°形成了β-转角[29],蛋白发生适度的展开,由有序变得无序,改变了蛋白的二级结构[30]。
蛋白的内源荧光变化反映蛋白的三级结构的变化,蛋白质内源荧光主要是在280 nm激发波长下,由色氨酸(Trp)和酪氨酸(Tyr)残基引起[31−32]。图7B可知,与未处理相比,超声使花生蛋白的荧光强度下降,在超声30~210 W最大发射波长均发生红移(图7B蓝线向黄线偏移),270 W最大发射波长蓝移(图7B蓝线向绿线偏移)。其中,超声210 W时荧光强度降至最低,这可能是因为超声空化效应破坏了花生蛋白的三级结构,使原本包埋的色氨酸、酪氨酸等疏水氨基酸残基暴露[33]。因此,210 W超声对二级结构的破坏和对三级结构的展开效应最为明显。
溶解性指的是蛋白中的肽键或侧链基团与水分子之间发生相互作用时,可溶性蛋白的占比。如图8A,随着超声功率的升高,花生蛋白溶解度呈现先增后减趋势,并在超声210 W达到最大值95.20%,比未处理增加了7.17%;这可能归因于空化效应产生的气泡能够破碎花生蛋白小聚集体,降低蛋白粒径(图6C),增加其与水的接触面积和相互作用。超声270 W时溶解度降低,可能是由于较高功率超声处理会引起暴露的活性基团的相互作用,导致蛋白质分子的重新聚集和粒径的增加,从而降低花生蛋白的溶解度。花生蛋白的表面疏水性呈现先增后减再增的趋势(图8B),其在超声210 W时最大(BPB结合量68.90 μg),可能是由于超声使分子间的斥力增强,花生蛋白结构展开,使分子内部的疏水性基团暴露量增多(图7B),导致表面疏水性增加。超声270 W时表面疏水性最低,可能是由于超声加速蛋白聚集并将其转化为大分子颗粒(图6C),从而隐藏了内部的疏水性基团[34]。蛋白的乳化特性通过EAI乳化活性和ESI乳化稳定性进行评估。如图8C可知,随着超声功率升高,花生蛋白的EAI和ESI值均呈现增加趋势,分别在210 W时最高(9.70 m2/g、61.40%),这可能是因为超声处理改变了蛋白结构,暴露了疏水基团,蛋白在油水界面展开形成稳定的网络结构和界面膜,使乳化性提高,这不仅改善了蛋白质的亲水与疏水平衡,也促进了花生蛋白乳化活性增强。因此,根据蛋白表征结果总体来看,超声150~210 W时能显著改善花生蛋白的功能性质。
根据2.3结果,超声功率对花生蛋白的组成影响不大,但是对蛋白的二级结构、三级结构和溶解度、表面疏水性和乳化性有显著影响。210 W超声时显著提高花生蛋白的溶解度,这是相同功率下显著提高花生乳稳定性的另一重要原因。
不同超声功率对高油酸花生乳的色泽、组成、分散稳定性和热稳定性有重要影响。210 W处理的高油酸花生乳颜色最白、亮度最高;在90、210 W时花生乳中液滴带负电荷最多、粒径较小、离心沉淀率较低,表明花生乳分散稳定性好;210 W处理花生乳的热稳定性较好。超声功率对高油酸花生乳中的油体和蛋白也有显著影响。90、210 W超声下花生油体的分散稳定性和热稳定性较好。210 W导致蛋白具有最多的负电荷、较小的粒径、有序二级结构最大程度破坏和三级结构展开最明显;210 W超声时蛋白的溶解性、表面疏水性和乳化性最高。本研究发现,尽管超声功率对花生乳、油体和蛋白的影响规律不完全相同,但整体上,210 W超声改善花生乳色泽、分散稳定效果和热稳定性的原因,可以归为210 W显著改变花生油体性质和花生蛋白结构、性质。然而,本研究尚未探究超声时间对花生乳组成和性质的影响,其他物理场对花生油体和蛋白的影响也有深入研究的价值。本研究为改善高油酸花生乳饮料的稳定性提供了理论依据,为解析植物乳饮料稳定机理提供新视角。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025110205
  • 接收时间:2025-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20
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    山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018

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赵路苹(1987−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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