Article(id=1320882506900029554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100313, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852530454, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852530454, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852530454, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852530454, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=277, endPage=287, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882508737134707, articleId=1320882506900029554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Extraction Process, Monosaccharide Composition and Biological Activity Analysis of Polysaccharides from Xinjiang Hui Jujube, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Xinjiang gray jujube, characterize their monosaccharide composition, and explore its potential biological activity by integrating computational simulation and in vitro experiments. Methods: Polysaccharides were extracted from Xinjiang gray jujube using ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction, and the extraction parameters were optimized by single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. After purification, monosaccharide composition was determined by ion chromatography. Potential protein targets of the major monosaccharide components were predicted using a deep learning model, followed by construction of a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and gene ontology (GO), kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO) enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was performed to assess the binding characteristics between core targets and monosaccharides. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays, and the effects of the polysaccharides on GES-1 cell viability were further assessed. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: Ultrasonic power 600 W, liquid-to-solid ratio 1:40 g/mL, ultrasonic time 11 min, water bath temperature 72 ℃, and water bath time 196 min. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide yield reached 4.856%. The polysaccharides were mainly composed of glucose (88.59%), with smaller amounts of arabinose (1.58%), galacturonic acid (2.89%), galactose (2.40%), and rhamnose (4.54%), indicating that they were acidic heteropolysaccharides containing multiple neutral sugars and galacturonic acid. Target prediction and enrichment analyses suggested that their potential effects were closely associated with glucose metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and glycosylation-related processes, implying potential roles in modulating glucose metabolism and ameliorating insulin resistance. In vitro experiments demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging activities against both DPPH and ABTS+ radicals. Within the concentration range of 62.5~250 μg/mL, the polysaccharides showed no obvious cytotoxicity toward GES-1 cells and significantly promoted cell viability. Conclusion: Polysaccharides from Xinjiang gray jujube can be obtained at a relatively high yield after process optimization and exhibit a defined monosaccharide profile, antioxidant activity, and good cytocompatibility. They may also possess potential bioactivity related to glucose metabolism regulation. These findings provide a basis for the further development and utilization of Xinjiang gray jujube polysaccharides.

, authors=Shuyan DUAN1, Yangyi ZHANG2, Erreken SUBINUER3, Tianya BAI1, Hui XIAO1, *, authorsList=Shuyan DUAN, Yangyi ZHANG, Erreken SUBINUER, Tianya BAI, Hui XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui XIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882513304731783, articleId=1320882506900029554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺优化、单糖组成及生物活性分析, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:本研究旨在优化新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺,分析其单糖组成,并结合计算模拟与体外实验探讨其潜在生物活性。方法:采用超声辅助-热水浸提法提取灰枣多糖,通过单因素实验与响应面法优化提取工艺。经纯化后利用离子色谱分析单糖组成。基于深度学习模型预测主要单糖组分的潜在蛋白靶点,构建PPI,并进行GO、KEGG、DO富集分析。通过分子对接评估核心靶点与单糖的结合特征。采用DPPH与ABTS+自由基清除实验评价其体外抗氧化活性,并检测灰枣多糖对GES-1细胞活力的影响。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率600 W、料液比1:40 g/mL、超声时间11 min、水浴温度72 ℃、水浴时间196 min,此条件下多糖得率达4.856%。灰枣多糖以葡萄糖为主要组分(88.59%),并含有阿拉伯糖(1.58%)、半乳糖醛酸(2.89%)、半乳糖(2.40%)和鼠李糖(4.54%),是一种含多种中性糖及半乳糖醛酸的酸性杂多糖。靶点预测与富集分析揭示,其潜在作用可能与糖代谢调控、胰岛素信号通路及糖基化相关过程密切相关,表明其可能具有调节糖代谢、改善胰岛素抵抗的潜在生理活性。体外实验表明,灰枣多糖对DPPH和ABTS+自由基均具有浓度依赖性清除能力;在62.5~250 μg/mL范围内,对GES-1细胞无明显毒性,并可促进细胞活力。结论:新疆灰枣多糖经工艺优化后可获得较高得率,具有明确的单糖组成特征,并表现出一定的抗氧化活性和良好的细胞相容性,其可能还具有调节糖代谢相关过程的潜在生物活性。本研究为新疆灰枣多糖的进一步开发利用提供了参考。

, authors=段书彦1, 张洋弋2, 苏比努尔·尔热肯3, 白天雅1, 肖辉1, *, authorsList=段书彦, 张洋弋, 苏比努尔·尔热肯, 白天雅, 肖辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=肖辉, authorNote=

段书彦(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:公共卫生,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
肖辉(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:营养与食品,E-mail:。
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段书彦(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:公共卫生,E-mail:

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Food Frontiers, 2022, 3(4): 560−591., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882513568972936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882513577361545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, companyId=1320882513568972936, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882513589944458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, companyId=1320882513568972936, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882513682219147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882513694802060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, companyId=1320882513682219147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882513703190669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, companyId=1320882513682219147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2新疆医科大学第一附属医院,健康管理中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882513795465358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882513808048271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, companyId=1320882513795465358, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882513820631184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, companyId=1320882513795465358, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3新疆医科大学药学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882518128181428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of various factors on polysaccharide extraction yield, figureFileSmall=Sz2GDNI8x/2VCGEqU7N/Dg==, figureFileBig=GKQqz1THDg7WrWHWI22uYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882518203678901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各因素对多糖得率的影响

注:不同小写字母代表组间极显著差异(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=Sz2GDNI8x/2VCGEqU7N/Dg==, figureFileBig=GKQqz1THDg7WrWHWI22uYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882518488891574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Response surface plots showing the interactive effects of various factors on the polysaccharide yield from Xinjiang gray jujube, figureFileSmall=etuPbhKhQtbhUr1/hl7Rag==, figureFileBig=KYiE+AZi4OmAei2ahYD3BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882518585360567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各因素间的交互作用对灰枣多糖得率影响的响应面及等高线图, figureFileSmall=etuPbhKhQtbhUr1/hl7Rag==, figureFileBig=KYiE+AZi4OmAei2ahYD3BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882518665052344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ion chromatography of monosaccharide standards and Xinjiang gray jujube sample, figureFileSmall=90146gAfyWKa85h4udtX7w==, figureFileBig=Q/+Wa60Zn7WpnkNZ6CDgWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882518753132729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=CN, label=图3, caption=单糖标准品与灰枣多糖样品色谱图

注:A.单糖标准品色谱图;B.灰枣多糖样品酸解产物的离子色谱图;色谱峰标识:2.Rha(鼠李糖);3.Ara(阿拉伯糖);4.Gal(半乳糖);5.Glc(葡萄糖);10.Gal-UA(半乳糖醛酸);pc1~pc10为10批次HZP样品;nC为峰容量。

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注:A. KEGG富集图;B. GO富集图;C. DO富集图。

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注:**表示与空白对照组相比,P<0.01。

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Factors and levels for the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A超声功率
(W)
B超声时间
(min)
C水浴温度
(℃)
D水浴时间
(h)
E料液比
(g/mL)
−140056021:30
0500107031:40
1600158041:50
), ArticleFig(id=1320882520149835975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面优化试验因素与水平设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A超声功率
(W)
B超声时间
(min)
C水浴温度
(℃)
D水浴时间
(h)
E料液比
(g/mL)
−140056021:30
0500107031:40
1600158041:50
), ArticleFig(id=1320882520246304968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Response surface optimization experimental design and results for polysaccharide extraction from Xinjiang gray jujube

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号因素多糖得率
(%)
A超声功
率(W)
B超声时间
(min)
C水浴温度
(℃)
D水浴时间
(h)
E料液比
(g/mL)
1500107031:404.900
2400107041:403.742
3500157031:304.078
4500106031:302.586
540057031:403.460
6400157031:403.460
7600157031:404.560
8500107041:504.224
9600108031:404.444
10500108031:504.410
11500156031:403.354
12500157021:403.838
13500157031:504.162
14400107021:403.234
15600106031:403.636
1650057031:503.932
17600107031:304.058
1860057031:403.906
1950057041:404.254
20600107031:504.432
21500107041:304.356
22500106041:403.828
23600107041:404.496
24500107031:404.746
25400107031:503.546
26500108041:404.070
2750056031:402.674
28500158031:404.496
29500107031:404.858
30400107031:302.986
3150057031:303.204
3250058031:404.288
33500107021:303.360
34500108021:404.420
35500107031:404.864
36500106021:402.408
37400106031:402.214
38500106031:503.096
39500107031:404.812
40500157041:404.470
4150057021:403.308
42500107031:404.800
43600107021:403.956
44500108031:304.322
45400108031:404.096
46500107021:503.944
), ArticleFig(id=1320882520384717001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

灰枣多糖提取的响应面优化试验设计及结果

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实验号因素多糖得率
(%)
A超声功
率(W)
B超声时间
(min)
C水浴温度
(℃)
D水浴时间
(h)
E料液比
(g/mL)
1500107031:404.900
2400107041:403.742
3500157031:304.078
4500106031:302.586
540057031:403.460
6400157031:403.460
7600157031:404.560
8500107041:504.224
9600108031:404.444
10500108031:504.410
11500156031:403.354
12500157021:403.838
13500157031:504.162
14400107021:403.234
15600106031:403.636
1650057031:503.932
17600107031:304.058
1860057031:403.906
1950057041:404.254
20600107031:504.432
21500107041:304.356
22500106041:403.828
23600107041:404.496
24500107031:404.746
25400107031:503.546
26500108041:404.070
2750056031:402.674
28500158031:404.496
29500107031:404.858
30400107031:302.986
3150057031:303.204
3250058031:404.288
33500107021:303.360
34500108021:404.420
35500107031:404.864
36500106021:402.408
37400106031:402.214
38500106031:503.096
39500107031:404.812
40500157041:404.470
4150057021:403.308
42500107031:404.800
43600107021:403.956
44500108031:304.322
45400108031:404.096
46500107021:503.944
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Analysis of variance for the regression model

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方差来源平方和自由度均方FP
模型20.7300201.040095.6700<0.0001**
A-超声功率2.850012.8500262.8400<0.0001**
B-超声时间0.719110.719166.3700<0.0001**
C-水浴温度7.230017.2300666.9100<0.0001**
D-水浴时间1.540011.5400142.5000<0.0001**
E-料液比0.488610.488645.1000<0.0001**
AB0.106910.10699.87000.0043**
AC0.288410.288426.6200<0.0001**
AD0.000310.00030.02360.8791
AE0.008610.00860.79830.3801
BC0.055710.05575.14000.0323*
BD0.024610.02462.28000.1440
BE0.103710.10379.57000.0048**
CD0.785010.785072.4600<0.0001**
CE0.044510.04454.11000.0534
DE0.128210.128211.83000.0021**
A²2.630012.6300242.3100<0.0001**
B²1.740011.7400160.9300<0.0001**
C²4.340014.3400400.7100<0.0001**
D²1.450011.4500134.1800<0.0001**
E²2.260012.2600208.9400<0.0001**
残差0.2708250.0108
失拟项0.2557200.01284.23000.0583
纯误差0.015150.0030
总差21.0045
), ArticleFig(id=1320882522234405067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归模型方差分析

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方差来源平方和自由度均方FP
模型20.7300201.040095.6700<0.0001**
A-超声功率2.850012.8500262.8400<0.0001**
B-超声时间0.719110.719166.3700<0.0001**
C-水浴温度7.230017.2300666.9100<0.0001**
D-水浴时间1.540011.5400142.5000<0.0001**
E-料液比0.488610.488645.1000<0.0001**
AB0.106910.10699.87000.0043**
AC0.288410.288426.6200<0.0001**
AD0.000310.00030.02360.8791
AE0.008610.00860.79830.3801
BC0.055710.05575.14000.0323*
BD0.024610.02462.28000.1440
BE0.103710.10379.57000.0048**
CD0.785010.785072.4600<0.0001**
CE0.044510.04454.11000.0534
DE0.128210.128211.83000.0021**
A²2.630012.6300242.3100<0.0001**
B²1.740011.7400160.9300<0.0001**
C²4.340014.3400400.7100<0.0001**
D²1.450011.4500134.1800<0.0001**
E²2.260012.2600208.9400<0.0001**
残差0.2708250.0108
失拟项0.2557200.01284.23000.0583
纯误差0.015150.0030
总差21.0045
), ArticleFig(id=1320882522360234188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Molecular docking binding energies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白单糖组分
鼠李糖阿拉伯糖半乳糖葡萄糖半乳糖醛酸
AKT1−5.527−4.019−5.776−5.992−4.73
HDAC1−5.356−4.86−5.547−5.172−5.368
PRKN−5.825−5.745−5.459−5.224−5.088
PSMD14−5.127−4.368−5.349−5.303−4.288
SRC−5.427−4.467−5.858−6.226−5.161
), ArticleFig(id=1320882522473480397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882506900029554, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

分子对接结合能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白单糖组分
鼠李糖阿拉伯糖半乳糖葡萄糖半乳糖醛酸
AKT1−5.527−4.019−5.776−5.992−4.73
HDAC1−5.356−4.86−5.547−5.172−5.368
PRKN−5.825−5.745−5.459−5.224−5.088
PSMD14−5.127−4.368−5.349−5.303−4.288
SRC−5.427−4.467−5.858−6.226−5.161
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新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺优化、单糖组成及生物活性分析
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段书彦 1 , 张洋弋 2 , 苏比努尔·尔热肯 3 , 白天雅 1 , 肖辉 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(10): 277-287
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (10) : 277 -287
新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺优化、单糖组成及生物活性分析
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段书彦1 , 张洋弋2, 苏比努尔·尔热肯3, 白天雅1, 肖辉1, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 2新疆医科大学第一附属医院,健康管理中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 3新疆医科大学药学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
通讯作者:
肖辉(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:营养与食品,E-mail:。
作者简介:

段书彦(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:公共卫生,E-mail:

Optimization of Extraction Process, Monosaccharide Composition and Biological Activity Analysis of Polysaccharides from Xinjiang Hui Jujube
Shuyan DUAN1 , Yangyi ZHANG2, Erreken SUBINUER3, Tianya BAI1, Hui XIAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
  • 2Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
  • 3School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100313
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目的:本研究旨在优化新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺,分析其单糖组成,并结合计算模拟与体外实验探讨其潜在生物活性。方法:采用超声辅助-热水浸提法提取灰枣多糖,通过单因素实验与响应面法优化提取工艺。经纯化后利用离子色谱分析单糖组成。基于深度学习模型预测主要单糖组分的潜在蛋白靶点,构建PPI,并进行GO、KEGG、DO富集分析。通过分子对接评估核心靶点与单糖的结合特征。采用DPPH与ABTS+自由基清除实验评价其体外抗氧化活性,并检测灰枣多糖对GES-1细胞活力的影响。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率600 W、料液比1:40 g/mL、超声时间11 min、水浴温度72 ℃、水浴时间196 min,此条件下多糖得率达4.856%。灰枣多糖以葡萄糖为主要组分(88.59%),并含有阿拉伯糖(1.58%)、半乳糖醛酸(2.89%)、半乳糖(2.40%)和鼠李糖(4.54%),是一种含多种中性糖及半乳糖醛酸的酸性杂多糖。靶点预测与富集分析揭示,其潜在作用可能与糖代谢调控、胰岛素信号通路及糖基化相关过程密切相关,表明其可能具有调节糖代谢、改善胰岛素抵抗的潜在生理活性。体外实验表明,灰枣多糖对DPPH和ABTS+自由基均具有浓度依赖性清除能力;在62.5~250 μg/mL范围内,对GES-1细胞无明显毒性,并可促进细胞活力。结论:新疆灰枣多糖经工艺优化后可获得较高得率,具有明确的单糖组成特征,并表现出一定的抗氧化活性和良好的细胞相容性,其可能还具有调节糖代谢相关过程的潜在生物活性。本研究为新疆灰枣多糖的进一步开发利用提供了参考。

新疆灰枣多糖  /  提取工艺优化  /  单糖组成  /  分子对接  /  生物活性

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from Xinjiang gray jujube, characterize their monosaccharide composition, and explore its potential biological activity by integrating computational simulation and in vitro experiments. Methods: Polysaccharides were extracted from Xinjiang gray jujube using ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction, and the extraction parameters were optimized by single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology. After purification, monosaccharide composition was determined by ion chromatography. Potential protein targets of the major monosaccharide components were predicted using a deep learning model, followed by construction of a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and gene ontology (GO), kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO) enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was performed to assess the binding characteristics between core targets and monosaccharides. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays, and the effects of the polysaccharides on GES-1 cell viability were further assessed. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: Ultrasonic power 600 W, liquid-to-solid ratio 1:40 g/mL, ultrasonic time 11 min, water bath temperature 72 ℃, and water bath time 196 min. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide yield reached 4.856%. The polysaccharides were mainly composed of glucose (88.59%), with smaller amounts of arabinose (1.58%), galacturonic acid (2.89%), galactose (2.40%), and rhamnose (4.54%), indicating that they were acidic heteropolysaccharides containing multiple neutral sugars and galacturonic acid. Target prediction and enrichment analyses suggested that their potential effects were closely associated with glucose metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and glycosylation-related processes, implying potential roles in modulating glucose metabolism and ameliorating insulin resistance. In vitro experiments demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging activities against both DPPH and ABTS+ radicals. Within the concentration range of 62.5~250 μg/mL, the polysaccharides showed no obvious cytotoxicity toward GES-1 cells and significantly promoted cell viability. Conclusion: Polysaccharides from Xinjiang gray jujube can be obtained at a relatively high yield after process optimization and exhibit a defined monosaccharide profile, antioxidant activity, and good cytocompatibility. They may also possess potential bioactivity related to glucose metabolism regulation. These findings provide a basis for the further development and utilization of Xinjiang gray jujube polysaccharides.

Ziziphus jujuba cv. Hui polysaccharides  /  extraction process optimization  /  monosaccharide composition  /  molecular docking  /  biological activity
段书彦, 张洋弋, 苏比努尔·尔热肯, 白天雅, 肖辉. 新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺优化、单糖组成及生物活性分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 277 -287 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100313
Shuyan DUAN, Yangyi ZHANG, Erreken SUBINUER, Tianya BAI, Hui XIAO. Optimization of Extraction Process, Monosaccharide Composition and Biological Activity Analysis of Polysaccharides from Xinjiang Hui Jujube[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 277 -287 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100313
新疆灰枣(Ziziphus jujuba cv. Hui)作为新疆主栽红枣品种,因其独特的光热资源与气候条件,积累了丰富的多糖、酚类等生物活性成分,在抗氧化、免疫调节及抗炎等方面展现出显著的健康效益[1]。据国家统计局及农业农村部数据显示,新疆已成为我国红枣种植规模最大的产区,其中灰枣与骏枣作为主导品种,奠定了其产业发展的核心优势[2]。红枣多糖被认为是其关键生物活性成分之一,对于提升新疆特色农产品附加值和推动区域红枣产业高质量发展具有重要意义。因此,系统开展新疆灰枣多糖的相关研究,对于促进地方特色资源的高值化利用具有现实意义和理论价值。
现有研究表明,枣多糖具有调节肠道菌群、改善代谢综合征及增强机体抗氧化能力等多种生理功能[3−4]。新疆红枣(包括若羌灰枣、阿克苏灰枣等)多糖在降血糖、降血脂、改善氧化应激与免疫功能方面具有较好潜力,例如新疆若羌灰枣多糖在动物实验中表现出降血糖、降血脂作用,并可通过抗氧化改善肝脏/胰腺组织损伤 [5]。然而,这类研究多以功能评价为主,虽有部分关于新疆灰枣多糖提取工艺和结构参数的研究,但总体而言,在特定品种-精细结构-作用靶点这一连续谱系上的系统研究仍然有限。此外,传统热水浸提法提取效率有限,限制了灰枣多糖的高效利用与深度开发[6]。因此,优化新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺,系统解析其单糖组成,并探索其生物活性机制,对实现灰枣资源的高值化利用具有重要意义。
针对上述科学问题,本研究拟采用超声辅助-热水浸提法,结合单因素实验与响应面法优化多糖提取工艺,进一步借助高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)与生物信息学工具分析其单糖组成及潜在作用靶点,同时评价其体外抗氧化能力,以期为新疆灰枣多糖的功能性食品开发提供理论依据。
新疆灰枣 新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区英吉沙县工业园区,有机灰枣执行标准GB/T 19630-2019,有机产品证书编号:01SOP1700616;苯酚 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;无水乙醇、浓硫酸 天津市大茂化学试剂合作企业(有限公司);D(+)无水葡萄糖、DPPH自由基清除率检测试剂盒、ABTS清除能力检测试剂盒 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;三氟乙酸、甲醇、无水乙醇 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司;氢氧化钠、醋酸钠、木瓜蛋白酶(≥10 units/mg protein)、色谱纯岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸、古洛糖醛酸 Sigma公司;石油醚、三氯甲烷、正丁醇 中国医药集团有限公司;复合蛋白酶(≥120 units/mg protein) Solarbio公司;以上未标注试剂均为分析纯;人正常胃黏膜上皮细胞株GES-1 武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司;DMEM培养基 Gibco公司。
SN-HWS-4型水浴锅 上海上谱仪器设备有限公司;KQ-500DE型数控超声波清洗器 江苏省昆山市超声仪器有限公司;新型密封性摇摆式高速粉碎机、BK-600J型超声波清洗机 迈福(山东)科学仪器股份有限公司;UV-2700型紫外可见分光光度计 Shimadzu Corporation;Advanced-Ⅲ-18W型实验室超纯水机 成都唐氏康宁科技发展有限公司;101型电热鼓风干燥箱 北京市永光明医疗器械有限公司;DZF-6051型真空干燥箱 上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司;N-1100型旋转蒸发仪 上海爱朗仪器有限公司;ESJ30-5A电子天平 神宇龙腾;XH-T漩涡混合器 新宝仪器;Reacti-therm氮气吹扫仪、离子ICS 5000色谱、Multiskan GO酶标仪 Thermo Reacti-thermo公司。
参照苯酚-硫酸法绘制葡萄糖标准曲线,称取干燥至恒重的葡萄糖对照品80.0 mg,超纯水溶解并定容至100 mL,配制成0.8 mg/mL的标准储备液[7]。分别精密吸取该储备液0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mL于试管中,加超纯水补足至1.0 mL。依次向各管加入0.5 mL现配的6%苯酚溶液,迅速加入2.5 mL浓硫酸,振荡混匀后静置30 min。于490 nm波长下测定吸光度值,以葡萄糖质量浓度为横坐标,吸光度值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,得回归方程。所得回归方程为:y=16.65x+0.2442,R2=0.9984,表明葡萄糖浓度在8~40 μg/mL范围内与吸光度值之间具有良好的线性关系。
将灰枣去核、55 ℃烘干、粉碎过40目筛后,准确称取2.0 g灰枣粉,加入80 mL蒸馏水(料液比1:40(g/mL)),超声处理10 min,于70 ℃水浴条件下提取3 h,提取液经抽滤后减压浓缩,加入4倍体积95%乙醇,醇沉12 h,5000 r/min离心10 min收集沉淀,得到灰枣粗多糖。将粗多糖溶于200 mL超纯水中,稀释20倍后取1 mL,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖浓度,并计算多糖得率。系统考察料液比、超声功率、超声时间、水浴温度和水浴时间对多糖得率的影响。料液比分别设定为1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50 g/mL,固定超声功率500 W、超声时间10 min、水浴温度70 ℃、水浴时间3 h;超声功率分别设定为200、300、400、500、600 W,固定料液比1:40 g/mL、超声时间10 min、水浴温度70 ℃、水浴时间3 h;超声时间分别设定为5、10、15、20、25 min,固定料液比1:40 g/mL、超声功率500 W、水浴温度70 ℃、水浴时间3 h;水浴温度分别设定为50、60、70、80、90 ℃,固定料液比1:40 g/mL、超声功率500 W、超声时间10 min、水浴时间3 h;水浴时间分别设定为1、2、3、4、5 h,固定料液比1:40 g/mL、超声功率500 W、超声时间10 min、水浴温度70 ℃。提取液经抽滤、真空浓缩后,加入4倍体积95%乙醇沉淀多糖12 h,5000 r/min离心10 min收集沉淀,复溶定容后,按公式计算多糖得率。样品中多糖得率的计算公式为[8]:
$ 多糖得率(\text{%})= \frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}\times \mathrm{N}}{\mathrm{M}\times {10}^{3}}\times 100 $
式中:C为根据葡萄糖标准曲线计算得到的稀释后样品质量浓度,mg/mL;V为样品体积,mL;N为样品稀释倍数;M为灰枣粉质量,g。
根据单因素实验结果,选取料液比、超声时间、超声功率、水浴温度及水浴时间进行五因素三水平的响应面优化试验,通过Design-Expert 13中的Box-Behnken设计组合试验见表1。
取粗多糖固体,以纯水充分溶解后,按每1 mL粗多糖溶液中分别加入木瓜蛋白酶0.6 mg和复合蛋白酶0.6 mg的比例,于37 ℃条件下酶解过夜,以去除蛋白质。
采用Sevage法[9](三氯甲烷:正丁醇=4:1,v/v)脱除蛋白残留,并以石油醚萃取去除脂类成分。进一步加入AB-8大孔树脂进行脱色处理,收集滤液后,经3000 Da透析袋透析24~48 h,除去小分子杂质。将透析液醇沉、烘干,获得纯化多糖(HZP),并采用苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖含量
为精确测定多糖含量,采用苯酚-硫酸法绘制葡萄糖标准曲线,并分别测定粗多糖与纯化多糖的总糖含量。结果表明,葡萄糖浓度在测定范围内与吸光度呈现良好线性关系,回归方程为y=344.29x+21.598,决定系数R2=0.9985,满足定量分析要求。多糖样品中总糖含量计算公式:
$\rm 总糖含量(mg/mg)= \frac{\mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{M}}$
式中,C为根据标准曲线计算得到的样品中糖浓度(mg/mL);V为样品溶液体积(mL);M为待测多糖样品的实际质量(mg)。
纯化灰枣多糖(HZP)经三氟乙酸酸水解后用于单糖组成分析。具体方法如下:称取一定量HZP样品,加入2 mol/L三氟乙酸(TFA)溶液1 mL,于121 ℃条件下水解2 h。反应结束后,将水解液在氮气流下吹干,残余物用99.99%甲醇清洗并再次吹干,该步骤重复三次以彻底去除TFA。随后以无菌超纯水溶解所得酸水解产物,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后,转移至色谱瓶,用于后续单糖组成的离子色谱分析。分别配制浓度10 mg/mL的13种单糖标准品(岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸、古洛糖醛酸)。按预设比例混合各单标储备液,配制成最高浓度分别为40、50、60 μg/mL的混合标准工作液,并进一步梯度稀释,建立系列标准曲线,用于色谱定量分析[10]。
采用Thermo ICS 5000+离子色谱系统,配以脉冲安培检测器进行分析[11]。色谱柱为Dionex™ CarboPac™ PA20(150×3.0 mm,10 μm),柱温30 ℃,流速0.5 mL/min,进样量5 μL。流动相包括:A(H2O)、B(0.1 mol/L NaOH)和C(0.1 mol/L NaOH+0.2 mol/L NaAc)。梯度洗脱程序如下:0 min(95:5:0),26 min(85:5:10),42 min(85:5:10),42.1 min(60:0:40),52 min(60:40:0),52.1 min(95:5:0),并保持至60 min。采用外标法定量,通过Chromeleon软件拟合标准曲线,样品中单糖含量按公式:
$\rm 单糖含量(\text{μ}g/mL)=C\times F $
式中:C为仪器测定浓度;F为稀释因子。
为探究灰枣多糖中主要单糖(鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖醛酸)的潜在作用机制,本研究通过Swiss Target Prediction、Binding DB等数据库检索其在人体内的潜在蛋白靶点,基于DeepGlycanSite深度学习模型[12]预测靶点蛋白的碳水化合物结合位点,获取残基水平结合概率,对靶点进行PPI网络构建及KEGG、GO功能富集分析,以阐释其参与的生物学过程与信号通路[13]。为筛选关键靶点,对PPI网络数据进行归一化处理,结合预测概率计算各靶点的综合评分,依据评分排序,选取代表性靶点与相应单糖进行分子对接 [14]。
使用DPPH自由基清除率检测试剂盒与ABTS+自由基清除能力检测试剂盒检测HZP的抗氧化能力[15]。
采用人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1进行细胞活力检测。细胞在含10%胎牛血清和1%青霉素-链霉素的DMEM培养基中,于37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养。取对数生长期细胞,以4×104 个/mL的密度接种于96孔板中(100 μL/孔),培养24 h待细胞贴壁后弃去旧培养基。设空白对照组(仅加培养基)、样本组(加入不同浓度灰枣多糖HZP,终浓度为62.5、125和250 μg/mL)及调零组(不接种细胞),每组设10个复孔。在相同条件下继续培养48 h和72 h后,每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂,孵育1 h,于450 nm波长处测定吸光值(OD)[16]。细胞活力按以下公式计算:
$ 细胞活力(\text{%})= \frac{{\text{OD}}_{\text{样本}}-{\text{OD}}_{\text{调零}}}{{\text{OD}}_{\text{空白对照}}-{\text{OD}}_{\text{调零}}}\times 100 $
每个试验重复3次,结果以(X±S)表示。使用SPSS 26软件和GraphPad Prism 9软件进行数据分析和绘图。响应面试验数据采用Design-Expert 13软件设计并进行回归分析。色谱数据采用Chromeleon Chromatography Data System(Version 7.2.10,Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)进行处理。使用R4.4.3、python3.1和Anaconda进行深度学习Deep Glycan Site。
如图1,在固定其他条件下,灰枣多糖得率随料液比、超声功率、超声时间、水浴温度及水浴时间的变化均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且多数水平间差异具有统计学意义。具体而言,随着料液比由1:10增至1:40(g/mL),多糖得率显著提高(P<0.01),说明适当增加溶剂用量有助于扩大原料与溶剂的接触面积,促进多糖由植物组织向溶剂中的扩散与溶出。当料液比进一步增至1:50(g/mL)时,多糖得率反而下降(P<0.01),可能是由于体系过度稀释,单位体积内多糖浓度降低,同时更多水溶性杂质被共提取,降低了多糖的有效提取效率[17]。在超声功率因素中,随着功率由200 W提高至500 W,多糖得率逐渐增加(P<0.01)。这可能与超声空化效应增强,细胞壁结构破坏及传质阻力降低有关,从而促进多糖释放。然而,当超声功率超过500 W后,多糖得率略有下降(P>0.05),推测过强的空化效应可能导致多糖分子链断裂或部分降解,不利于得率进一步提高[18]。在超声时间中,当超声时间由5 min延长至10 min时,多糖得率极显著提高(P<0.01),表明适度延长超声作用时间有利于多糖充分释放,继续延长超声时间后,得率出现下降(P<0.01),可能与长时间超声导致多糖结构破坏或降解有关[19]。水浴温度对多糖提取得率的影响表明,随着水浴温度由50 ℃升高至70 ℃,多糖得率增加(P<0.01)。这是由于温度升高可增强分子热运动,加快多糖在溶剂中的扩散速率,从而促进其溶出。然而,当温度继续升高时,多糖得率下降(P<0.01),可能是较高温度导致多糖糖苷键断裂,并诱发热降解或氧化反应[20]。同样的,水浴时间由1 h延长至3 h时,多糖得率提高(P<0.01),表明适当延长提取时间有利于多糖的充分溶出;但继续延长水浴时间后,得率反而下降(P<0.01),可能与长时间加热导致多糖发生热降解或糖苷键断裂,从而影响其稳定性和提取效率有关[21]。综合上述结果,选取料液比1:40(g/mL)、超声功率500 W、超声时间10 min、水浴温度70 ℃、水浴时间3 h作为响应面优化的中心水平。
以超声功率(A)、超声时间(B)、水浴温度(C)、水浴时间(D)和料液比(E)为自变量,多糖得率(Y)为响应值,开展响应面优化试验,结果如表2。采用Design-Expert 13软件进行多元回归拟合,得到多糖得率的二次回归方程如下:Y=4.83+0.4219A+0.212B+0.672C+0.3106D+0.1748E+0.1635AB−0.2685AC+0.0008AD−0.0465AE−0.118BC−0.0785BD−0.161BE−0.443CD−0.1055CE−0.179DE−0.5485A2−0.447B2−0.7053C2−0.4081D2−0.5093E2。
方差分析结果表明(表3),该回归模型达到极显著水平(P<0.0001),失拟项不显著(P=0.0583>0.05)。模型的决定系数R2=0.9871,校正决定系数R2adj=0.9768,说明模型拟合良好,预测值与实验值一致。各因素对多糖得率的影响主次顺序为:水浴温度>超声功率>水浴时间>超声时间>料液比。在交互作用方面,AB、AC、BE、CD和DE项对多糖得率具有极显著影响(P<0.01),BC项呈显著影响(P<0.05),而AD、AE、BD及CE项影响不显著(P>0.05)。其中,水浴温度与超声功率(AC)以及水浴温度与水浴时间(CD)的交互项F值较大,对灰枣多糖得率的影响尤为突出。图2进一步表明,显著交互项对应的等高线多呈椭圆形,说明因素间存在不同程度的协同作用。其中,AC和CD的等高线较为紧密、曲面峰顶较明显,表明其交互作用较强;AB、BE和DE次之,提示在中间水平组合下更有利于多糖溶出;BC的曲面变化稍平缓,但等高线也较为密集。此外,模型中各二次项对多糖得率均具有显著影响,表明各因素在考察范围内对多糖提取得率存在明显的非线性效应。
基于响应面分析,模型预测的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率600 W、料液比1:40.053(g/mL)、超声时间10.862 min、水浴温度71.739 ℃、水浴时间3.26 h,对应预测多糖得率为4.85%。统计分析表明,500 W与600 W条件下多糖得率差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合模型预测结果与工艺可行性,选取超声功率600 W、料液比1:40(g/mL)、超声时间11 min、水浴温度72 ℃、水浴时间196 min作为验证实验工艺参数。三次平行试验所得平均多糖得率为4.856%±0.054%,与模型预测值的相对误差仅为0.12%,表明所建立的响应面模型拟合良好。这一结果显著高于传统热水提取法通常报道的2%~3%的得率范围[16,22],证实了超声辅助技术在破坏植物细胞壁、促进多糖溶出方面的优势[23]。
灰枣粗多糖纯度由57.3%提高至76.3%。具体而言,粗多糖经Sevage法除蛋白、石油醚脱脂及AB-8大孔树脂脱色等步骤处理后,所得HZP的纯度较纯化前明显升高,表明纯化工艺能够有效去除杂质并提高多糖纯度。
采用离子色谱法对10批次灰枣多糖HZP的单糖组成进行系统分析见图3。各单糖标准品在测定浓度范围内均建立了良好的线性标准曲线(R2>0.998),满足离子色谱法对灰枣多糖单糖组成定量分析的要求。如图3所示,通过对比标准品与样品的色谱图保留时间,确定样品中含有鼠李糖(Rha)、阿拉伯糖(Ara)、半乳糖(Gal)、葡萄糖(Glc)和半乳糖醛酸(Gal-UA)五种单糖组分。定量分析结果显示,葡萄糖为主要单糖组分,摩尔质量比为88.59%;其余四种单糖摩尔质量比分别为阿拉伯糖1.58%、半乳糖醛酸2.89%、半乳糖2.40%和鼠李糖4.54%。该组成特征表明灰枣多糖是以葡萄糖为主要单糖组分,辅以少量阿拉伯糖、半乳糖等中性糖及半乳糖醛酸的酸性杂多糖,其结构特征与已知的枣多糖类型相符[24]。
基于Deep Glycan Site深度学习模型预测鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸与1400个人源蛋白靶点的结合概率。图4热图颜色从黄色到紫色表示结合概率由低到高(0.60~0.86)。GALK1、DPT和CLEC10A等蛋白在五种单糖中均表现出较高的结合倾向(结合概率>0.75)。进一步构建PPI(图5),拓扑分析识别出AKT1、SRC和HDAC1等核心蛋白,这些靶点涉及糖代谢、免疫调节等多个生物学过程,在细胞信号转导和表观遗传调控中发挥关键作用[20]。反映具有类似单糖组成的酸性多糖可能涉及的共性调控节点,为后续机制研究提供了候选靶点。
为解析灰枣多糖相关候选靶点的功能特征,对其进行了KEGG、GO、DO富集分析(如图6)。结果显示,候选靶点在KEGG层面主要富集于帕金森病(Parkinson disease)、脂质与动脉粥样硬化(Lipid & atherosclerosis)、胰岛素信号通路(Insulin signaling pathway)、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶信号通路(AMPK signaling pathway)及胰岛素抵抗(Insulin resistance)等;在基因本体(GO)层面,生物过程(BP)主要涉及胰岛素应答(Response to insulin)、单糖代谢过程(Monosaccharide metabolic process)和己糖代谢过程(Hexose metabolic process),分子功能(MF)主要涉及糖基转移酶活性(Glycosyltransferase activity),细胞组分(CC)主要富集于囊泡腔(Vesicle lumen)等条目;在疾病本体(DO)层面,主要与2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes)、肥胖(Obesity)、营养过剩(Overnutrition)、肝脏疾病(Liver disease)、脂肪性肝病(Steatotic liver disease)及代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)等疾病相关。综合来看,候选靶点主要聚焦于糖代谢调控、胰岛素应答及相关代谢性疾病[25],这与既往关于枣多糖和天然多糖可改善糖脂代谢紊乱、缓解胰岛素抵抗并减轻肝脏代谢异常的研究结果基本一致[26−27],提示灰枣多糖可能具有一定的代谢调节与保护潜力。
基于结合评分与网络拓扑参数构建综合评分模型(图7),筛选获得五个核心靶点:AKT1(综合评分0.638)、SRC(0.613)、HDAC1(0.604)、PSMD14(0.596)和PRKN(0.592)。这些靶点在蛋白互作网络中处于关键枢纽位置,且均表现出较高的糖结合潜力(结合评分>0.59),表明其可能在灰枣多糖介导的生物活性调控中发挥核心作用。可作为后续围绕灰枣多糖开展结构表征和细胞、动物实验验证时的优先关注靶点。
所有靶蛋白与单糖之间均表现出良好的结合潜力(见表4),结合自由能△G分布于−4.019至−6.226 kcal/mol范围内。AKT1对葡萄糖和半乳糖、PRKN对鼠李糖和阿拉伯糖表现出较好的预测亲和力,提示灰枣多糖相关糖残基可能通过SRC、AKT1、PRKN等激酶或泛素连接酶参与信号转导与代谢调控过程。结合既往研究,枣多糖在胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞模型中可提高葡萄糖消耗,并通过激活PI3K/Akt通路缓解胰岛素抵抗[28]。
采用DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除实验评价灰枣多糖的体外抗氧化能力[29],结果如图8所示。灰枣多糖在两种体系中均表现出明显的浓度依赖性自由基清除活性。在DPPH体系中,灰枣多糖同样呈现良好的浓度依赖性,但清除活性相对较弱,计算得IC50为5.52 mg/mL;在最高测试浓度8 mg/mL时,清除率为55.57%。结果表明灰枣多糖对DPPH自由基具有一定的清除作用。在ABTS体系中,随着多糖浓度的增加,自由基清除率迅速升高,计算得到IC50为0.37 mg/mL。在8 mg/mL时,清除率达到77.20%,表明灰枣多糖对ABTS+自由基具有较强的清除能力。维生素C(VC)作为阳性对照,在两种自由基体系中均表现出显著的清除能力,在较低浓度下清除率即超过80%。综上,灰枣多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化活性,且对ABTS+自由基的清除效果优于DPPH自由基,自由基体系间响应差异可能与多糖结构特征及不同自由基反应机制有关[30]。
如图9所示,在62.5~250 μg/mL浓度范围内,灰枣多糖作用48~72 h对GES-1细胞均未表现出明显毒性,细胞活力整体呈随浓度升高、作用时间延长而上升的趋势。与对照组相比,48 h时,62.5、125和250 μg/mL处理组细胞活力均极显著升高(P<0.01)。在72 h作用条件下,各给药组细胞活力均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且随浓度升高呈上升趋势,其中250 μg/mL处理组细胞活力最高,约为对照组的120%。综上,在62.5~250 μg/mL浓度、48~72 h作用条件下,灰枣多糖对GES-1细胞表现出良好的体外相容性,并呈一定的剂量-时间依赖性促活化趋势,该结果与已有相关研究报道基本一致,提示其在胃黏膜保护方面具有一定潜在作用[31]。
本研究系统考察了新疆灰枣多糖的提取工艺、单糖组成特征及其潜在生物活性。结果表明,采用超声辅助-热水提取结合响应面法可有效优化灰枣多糖提取工艺,在超声功率600 W、料液比1:40 g/mL、超声时间11 min、水浴温度72 ℃及水浴时间196 min条件下,多糖得率达到4.856%,表明该工艺具有较好的稳定性和可行性。单糖组成分析显示,灰枣多糖为一种以葡萄糖为主,并含半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖及半乳糖醛酸的酸性杂多糖。体外活性评价表明,灰枣多糖具有一定的DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力,并在62.5~250 μg/mL、48~72 h范围内对GES-1细胞无明显毒性,可提高细胞活力,提示其具有较好的体外相容性及一定的细胞保护潜力。靶点预测与富集分析进一步表明,其潜在作用可能与糖代谢调控、胰岛素信号通路及糖基化相关过程密切相关,提示灰枣多糖具有调节糖代谢和改善胰岛素抵抗的潜在价值。综上,新疆灰枣多糖具有进一步开发为天然功能活性成分的应用前景。本研究为新疆灰枣多糖的功能评价及高值化利用提供了实验依据。由于本研究对其高级结构特征及体内功能验证尚不充分,后续仍需结合精细结构解析及体内外机制研究,进一步阐明其构效关系及生物学作用机制。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100313
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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    1新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017
    2新疆医科大学第一附属医院,健康管理中心,新疆乌鲁木齐 830054
    3新疆医科大学药学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830017

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肖辉(1966−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:营养与食品,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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