Article(id=1320881185799132110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761494400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852215480, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852215480, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852215480, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852215480, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=26, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881186008847311, articleId=1320881185799132110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Research Progress on Bioactive Components and Extraction Methods of Pear (
Pyrus spp.), columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
By-products generated throughout the entire pear (Pyrus spp.) industrial chain, including peels, branches, leaves, and unripe fruits, are abundant sources of high-value bioactive components. Current research indicates that bioactive compounds such as phenolics, triterpenoids, and arbutin exhibit significant "spatiotemporal heterogeneity", characterized by considerably higher concentrations in peels, branches, leaves, and unripe fruits compared to mature pulp. This distribution pattern underscores the superiority of these by-products as raw materials for extraction. Regarding extraction techniques, while traditional organic solvent extraction is well-established, its application is constrained by issues of solvent residues and environmental toxicity. A comparative analysis reveals that green, efficient extraction technologies offer a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional methods regarding mass transfer efficiency and solvent residues. These technologies represent a critical pathway for the valorization of pear processing by-products, provided that extraction strategies are flexibly selected based on the physical characteristics of the raw materials and the stability of the target components. Bioactive components from pears possess immense development potential in the fields of skin-whitening cosmetics and gut health-promoting foods. However, future research should prioritize multi-scale industrial validation, artificial intelligence-driven multi-objective process optimization, and the in-depth elucidation of synergistic interactions among components, aiming to advance the comprehensive, high-value utilization of pear resources.
, authors=Yue ZHAO
1, 2, 3, 4, Wei ZHOU
1, Shaohua ZHU
3, 5, Xing GAO
6, Haibo PAN
1, 2, 4, Wenjun WANG
1, 2, 4, Guanchen LIU
1, 2, 3, 4, *, Donghong LIU
1, 2, 4, authorsList=Yue ZHAO, Wei ZHOU, Shaohua ZHU, Xing GAO, Haibo PAN, Wenjun WANG, Guanchen LIU, Donghong LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guanchen LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881186872873940, articleId=1320881185799132110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=梨生物活性成分及其提取方法研究进展, columnId=1320881080014582693, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—果蔬基料制造:基础理论、新型加工、质量控制与智能制造(客座主编:徐贞贞、王永涛、李涛;产业顾问:李仁杰), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
梨(Pyrus spp.)全产业链中产生的大量果皮、枝叶及未成熟落果等副产物富含高价值生物活性成分。现有研究表明,梨中的酚类、三萜类及熊果苷等活性物质呈现显著的“时空异质性”,即在果皮、枝叶及未成熟果实中的富集度远高于成熟果肉,这明确了副产物作为提取原料的优势地位。在提取技术方面,虽然传统有机溶剂提取法技术成熟,但受限于溶剂残留与环境毒性。通过对溶剂法与新型辅助提取技术的对比发现,绿色高效提取技术有望突破传统溶剂法在传质效率与溶剂残留上的局限,是实现梨加工副产物高值化利用的关键途径,应根据原料物理特性和目标成分稳定性灵活选择提取策略。梨活性成分在美白化妆品及肠道健康食品领域极具开发潜力,但未来研究需重点突破多尺度工业化验证、基于人工智能的工艺多目标优化以及成分间协同效应的深入解析,以推动梨资源的高值化综合利用。
, authors=赵越
1, 2, 3, 4, 周魏
1, 朱少华
3, 5, 高幸
6, 潘海波
1, 2, 4, 王文骏
1, 2, 4, 刘冠辰
1, 2, 3, 4, *, 刘东红
1, 2, 4, authorsList=赵越, 周魏, 朱少华, 高幸, 潘海波, 王文骏, 刘冠辰, 刘东红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘冠辰, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fh3y1ZmlFjAePvq+K1Ki2Q==, magXml=u9KEAW2TaWIto9AF4aNFzA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1Po65HOkI6zclXWv7D20Cg==, pdfFileSize=2091626, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=AXhKE9BGBNh8R0eluhpOuw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+Ec157Jy44Ber3dc0MRm8g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881437977460740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhaoyue9497@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881438103289865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, authorId=1320881437977460740, language=EN, stringName=Yue ZHAO, firstName=Yue, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, 4, address=
1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
3Zhejiang Yunhe Xueli Pear Zhejiang Agricultural Talents Workstation, Lishui 323600, China
4Zhejiang University-Yunhe Xueli Pear Industry Joint Research Center, Lishui 323600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881438178787338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, authorId=1320881437977460740, language=CN, stringName=赵越, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058
2浙江大学长三角智慧绿洲创新中心,浙江嘉兴 314102
3浙江省云和雪梨浙农英才工作站,浙江丽水 323600
4浙江大学-云和雪梨产业联合研究中心,浙江丽水 323600, bio={"content":"
赵越(1992−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:农产品精深加工,E-mail:zhaoyue9497@zju.edu.cn
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赵越(1992−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:农产品精深加工,E-mail:zhaoyue9497@zju.edu.cn
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4浙江大学-云和雪梨产业联合研究中心,浙江丽水 323600)])]), Author(id=1320881438254284812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881438333976590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, authorId=1320881438254284812, language=EN, stringName=Wei ZHOU, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881438413668367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, authorId=1320881438254284812, language=CN, stringName=周魏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881437365093362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881437373481971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, companyId=1320881437365093362, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3, 5, address=
3Zhejiang Yunhe Xueli Pear Zhejiang Agricultural Talents Workstation, Lishui 323600, China
5Yunhe County Yi Qing Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative, Lishui 323600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881438627577877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, authorId=1320881438480777233, language=CN, stringName=朱少华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3浙江省云和雪梨浙农英才工作站,浙江丽水 323600
5云和县一清农产品专业合作社,浙江丽水 323600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881437574808568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881437587391481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, companyId=1320881437574808568, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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6Yunhe County Bailongshan Subdistrict Office Comprehensive Service Center, Lishui 323600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881438904401946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, authorId=1320881438707269655, language=CN, stringName=高幸, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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6云和县白龙山街道办事处综合服务中心,浙江丽水 323600, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881437876797440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, xref=6, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881437889380353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, companyId=1320881437876797440, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1, 2, 4, address=
1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
4Zhejiang University-Yunhe Xueli Pear Industry Joint Research Center, Lishui 323600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881440720535585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, authorId=1320881438975705116, language=CN, stringName=潘海波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 4, address=
1浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州 310058
2浙江大学长三角智慧绿洲创新中心,浙江嘉兴 314102
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Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim[D]. Qinhuangdao: Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, 2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881460156940500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=111, rfOrder=136, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马佩佩. 库尔勒香梨多糖的提取、分离纯化及抗氧化性质研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2010. [MA Peipei. Study on extraction, purification and antioxidant properties of polysaccharide from Korla fragrant pear[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2010.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881460228243669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=111, rfOrder=137, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Peipei. Study on extraction, purification and antioxidant properties of polysaccharide from Korla fragrant pear[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881460316324054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=112, rfOrder=138, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ESCOBAR-AVELLO D, MARDONES C, SAÉZ V, et al. Pilot-plant scale extraction of phenolic compounds from grape canes: Comprehensive characterization by LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS[J]. Food Research International, 2021, 143: 110265., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881437365093362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881437373481971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, companyId=1320881437365093362, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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梨中主要生物活性成分及功效, figureFileSmall=rZVY66E8EnYOwyclsv1XYQ==, figureFileBig=AXhKE9BGBNh8R0eluhpOuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881442817687622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Distribution of major active components in pears, figureFileSmall=+Ck212uypgzv5rbVHfprlA==, figureFileBig=Vu1F4mzJPHiO6HMhzG/qqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881442901573703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
梨中主要生物活性成分的分布, figureFileSmall=+Ck212uypgzv5rbVHfprlA==, figureFileBig=Vu1F4mzJPHiO6HMhzG/qqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881442968682568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Total phenolic, flavonoid, and triterpenoid contents in 54 major pear varieties
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 大类 | 梨的种名 | 种植名 | 部位/生长阶段 | 总多酚含量 | 总黄酮含量 | 总三萜含量 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 东方梨 | Pyrus ussuriensis 秋子梨 | Maxim | 1年生茎 | 81.1±6.77 mg TAE/g DW | 0.52±0.09 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 2年生茎 | 94.7±20.9 mg TAE/g DW | 1.05±0.04 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 叶片 | 76.5±13.3 TAE/g DW | 6.72±0.73 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| var. ovoidea Rehder | 1年生茎 | 60.7±3.29 TAE/g DW | 0.45±0.22 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 2年生茎 | 82.9±11.3 TAE/g DW | 0.78±0.06 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 叶片 | 79.6±9.08 TAE/g DW | 13.5±0.82 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 未成熟果实 | 41.5±2.14 TAE/g DW | 0.30±0.12 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| Ingye | 成熟果实 | 120.6±4.0 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Cheong | 成熟果实 | 161.2±2.5 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Jianba | 成熟果皮 | 1112.4 mg/kg FW | 795.9 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 182.3 mg/kg FW | 39.5 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Nanguo/南果梨 | 成熟果皮 | 1248.0 mg/kg FW | 912.4 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 129.0 mg/kg FW | 6.9 mg/kg FW、76.6 μg/100 g FW | 178.1 μg/100 g FW | [49,56] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 259.0 μg/g FW | 274.6 μg/g FW | [49] |
| Jingbai | 成熟果皮 | 1734.0 mg/kg FW | 1122.7 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 28.5 mg/kg FW | 2.3 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 10.34±0.23 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Huagai | 成熟果皮 | 636.2 mg/kg FW | 483.0 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 73.4 mg/kg FW | 7.7 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Daxiangshui | 成熟果皮 | 363.0 mg/kg FW | 206.8 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 51.0 mg/kg FW | 4.6 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Anli | 成熟果皮 | 1209.9 mg/kg FW | 960.7 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 102.6 mg/kg FW | 13.3 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Hongxiao | 成熟果皮 | 736.0 mg/kg FW | 572.6 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 72.7 mg/kg FW | 7.4 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Xiaoxiangshui | 成熟果皮 | 971.1 mg/kg FW | 672.8 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 114.5 mg/kg FW | 14.9 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Balixiang | 成熟果皮 | 548.2 mg/kg FW | 333.4 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 122.4 mg/kg FW | 12.1 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 40份样本 | 叶片 | 4.53~53.65 mg/g | − | − | [54] |
| Pyrus bretschneideri 白梨 | Laiyangchili | 成熟果实 | 113.3±3.2 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Yali | 成熟果实 | 122.1±2.6 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 10.03±0.01 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| 库尔勒香梨 | 未成熟果皮 | 21.32 mg/g DW | 18.52 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 成熟果皮 | 9.96 mg/g DW | 8.86 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 未成熟果肉 | 2.39 mg/g DW | 7.43 mg/g DW、266.9 μg/g FW | 227.5 μg/g FW | [49,58] |
| 成熟果肉 | 0.12 mg/g DW | 1.05 mg/g DW、23.8 μg/100 g FW | 15.7 μg/100 g FW | [49,58] |
| 未成熟石细胞区果肉 | 3.01 mg/g DW | 7.93 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 成熟石细胞区果肉 | 0.37 mg/g DW | 1.67 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 未成熟果核 | 27.41 mg/g DW | 45.99 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 成熟果核 | 4.08 mg/g DW | 3.48 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 砀山酥 | 成熟果肉 | − | 0.5 μg/g FW | 22.8 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 63.5 μg/g FW | 305.7 μg/g FW | [49] |
| 26份样本 | 叶片 | 8.08~41.21 mg/g | − | − | [54] |
| Pyrus pyrifolia 砂梨 | Chuhwang | 未成熟果实 | 971.4±4.8 mg/100 g FW | 279.0±8.7 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 110.0±2.4 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 38.7±2.3 mg/100 g FW | 11.3±0.3 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Hanareum | 成熟果实 | 135.2±5.6 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Hwangkeum | 未成熟果实 | 976.4±1.9 mg/100 g FW | 368.9±47.6 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 41.9±4.3 mg/100 g FW | 7.8±0.5 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 6.38±0.19 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Hwasan | 未成熟果实 | 626.7±1.2 mg/100 g FW | 227.7±5.0 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 12.5±1.4 mg/100 g FW | 4.1±1.4 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 211.08±8.36 mg GAE/100 g DW | 96.37±6.24 mg RE/100 g DW | − | [27] |
| Imamuraaki | 未成熟果实 | 614.9±16.7 mg/100 g FW | 241.1±22.3 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 51.1±5.0 mg/100 g FW | 10.2±0.4 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Manpung | 未成熟果实 | 570.1±31.6 mg/100 g FW | 239.5±21.0 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 36.4±2.1 mg/100 g FW | 9.7±0.7 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Niitaka | 成熟果实 | 145.2±7.3 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 189.60±3.92 mg GAE/100 g DW | 78.81±5.31 mg RE/100 g DW | − | [27] |
| 未成熟果实 | 723.6±0.7 mg/100 g FW | 217.9±12.1 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 22.0±1.3 mg/100 g FW | 6.4±1.0 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Wonhwang | 未成熟果实 | 939.5±34.8 mg/100 g FW | 182.5±4.7 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 100.5±4.2 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 20.1±1.4 mg/100 g FW | 6.1±1.1 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 6.89±0.17 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| 云和雪梨 | 成熟果实 | 1.35 mg/g FW | 0.46 mg/g FW | − | [50] |
| 丰水梨 | 成熟果肉 | − | 39.5 μg/100 g | 6.5 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 147.3 μg/g | 297.4 μg/g FW | [49] |
| KS | 带皮成熟果肉 | 51.2~55.3 mg TAE/100 g FW | − | − | [60] |
| 24份样本 | 叶片 | 5.07~51.50 mg/g | − | − | [54] |
| 西方梨 | Pyrus communis 西洋梨 | Abate Fetal | 成熟果实 | 81.0±2.2 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Ahmetova | 成熟果肉 | 7.79±1.50 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 253.87±62.27 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Budaljača | 成熟果肉 | 81.50±14.88 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 1066.28±62.27 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Carmen | 成熟果实 | 330.33±7.35 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| Cascade | 成熟果实 | 8.90±0.56 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Conference | 成熟果实 | 14.27±0.23 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Deveci | 成熟果实 | 1690.57±225.89 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| | Dolokrahan | 成熟果肉 | 52.48±15.89 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 787.8±74.02 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Etrusca | 成熟果实 | 338.23±8.29 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| Hambarka | 成熟果肉 | 32.87±22.71 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 489.2±368.2 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Jules d’Airolles | 成熟果实 | 60.6±2.1 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Kačmorka | 成熟果肉 | 26.07±1.15 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 409±47.9 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Krakača | 成熟果肉 | 50.57±21.1 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 1029±460.6 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Ljeskovača | 成熟果肉 | 37.18±11.71 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 551.8±310.73 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Margarite | 成熟果实 | 2337.31±392.59 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| Mellaçi | 成熟果实 | 2428.22±885.09 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| Mellaki | 成熟果实 | 2366.95±248.70 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| Président Drouard | 成熟果肉 | 19.69±11.23 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 381.8±166.54 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Radana | 成熟果肉 | 234.2±65.5 mg/100 g DW | 4.1±1.5 mg/100 g DW | 201.4±77.1 μg/g DW | [5] |
| 成熟果皮 | 917.6±181.7 mg/100 g DW | 306.3±09.2 mg/100 g DW | 3460.5±1255.9 μg/g DW | [5] |
| 叶片 | 5326.7±844.0 mg/100 g DW | 2178.6±503.7 mg/100 g DW | 3104.4±312.3 μg/g DW | [5] |
| 种子 | 978.5±329.9 mg/100 g DW | 16.0±4.8 mg/100 g DW | 736.2±139.4 μg/g DW | [5] |
| Sarajka | 成熟果肉 | 33.65±16.38 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 477.55±310.73 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Santa Maria | 成熟果实 | 408.23±9.21 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| Takiša | 成熟果肉 | 26.77±3.48 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 302.77±103.5 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Tosca | 成熟果肉 | 37.2 μg/100 g FW | − | 5.6 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| Williams | 成熟果实 | 41.1~56.1 mg TAE/100 g FW | − | − | [64] |
| 成熟果实 | 58.4~64.5 mg TAE/100 g FW | − | − | [65] |
| 成熟果实 | 353.72±9.65 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| 红茄梨 | 成熟果肉 | − | 26.3 μg/g FW | 8.7 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 711.7 μg/g FW | 193.0 μg/g FW | [49] |
| 野生梨 | Pyrus eleagnifolia | Pall | 成熟果实 | 42.79~119.14 mg GAE/100 g FW | − | − | [66] |
| 叶片 | 20.497±0.055 mg GAE/g DW | 36.520±1.833 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 枝条 | 20.903±0.025 mg GAE/g DW | 47.020±1.652 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 未成熟果实 | 5.240±0.035 mg GAE/g DW | 2.120±0.173 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| Pyrus amygdaliformis | Vill | 叶片 | 19.683±0.015 mg GAE/g DW | 39.320±0.173 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 枝条 | 14.497±0.025 mg GAE/g DW | 21.120±0.520 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 未成熟果实 | 4.717±0.012 mg GAE/g DW | 4.920±0.300 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| Pyrus anatolica | Browicz | 叶片 | 20.497±0.055 mg GAE/g DW | 36.520±1.833 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 枝条 | 20.903±0.025 mg GAE/g DW | 47.020±1.652 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 未成熟果实 | 5.240±0.035 mg GAE/g DW | 2.120±0.173 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
), ArticleFig(id=1320881443069345865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
54种主要梨品种中总酚含量、总黄酮含量和总三萜含量
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 大类 | 梨的种名 | 种植名 | 部位/生长阶段 | 总多酚含量 | 总黄酮含量 | 总三萜含量 | 参考文献 |
|---|
| 东方梨 | Pyrus ussuriensis 秋子梨 | Maxim | 1年生茎 | 81.1±6.77 mg TAE/g DW | 0.52±0.09 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 2年生茎 | 94.7±20.9 mg TAE/g DW | 1.05±0.04 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 叶片 | 76.5±13.3 TAE/g DW | 6.72±0.73 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| var. ovoidea Rehder | 1年生茎 | 60.7±3.29 TAE/g DW | 0.45±0.22 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 2年生茎 | 82.9±11.3 TAE/g DW | 0.78±0.06 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 叶片 | 79.6±9.08 TAE/g DW | 13.5±0.82 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| 未成熟果实 | 41.5±2.14 TAE/g DW | 0.30±0.12 mg QE/g DW | − | [15] |
| Ingye | 成熟果实 | 120.6±4.0 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Cheong | 成熟果实 | 161.2±2.5 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Jianba | 成熟果皮 | 1112.4 mg/kg FW | 795.9 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 182.3 mg/kg FW | 39.5 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Nanguo/南果梨 | 成熟果皮 | 1248.0 mg/kg FW | 912.4 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 129.0 mg/kg FW | 6.9 mg/kg FW、76.6 μg/100 g FW | 178.1 μg/100 g FW | [49,56] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 259.0 μg/g FW | 274.6 μg/g FW | [49] |
| Jingbai | 成熟果皮 | 1734.0 mg/kg FW | 1122.7 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 28.5 mg/kg FW | 2.3 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 10.34±0.23 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Huagai | 成熟果皮 | 636.2 mg/kg FW | 483.0 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 73.4 mg/kg FW | 7.7 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Daxiangshui | 成熟果皮 | 363.0 mg/kg FW | 206.8 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 51.0 mg/kg FW | 4.6 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Anli | 成熟果皮 | 1209.9 mg/kg FW | 960.7 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 102.6 mg/kg FW | 13.3 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Hongxiao | 成熟果皮 | 736.0 mg/kg FW | 572.6 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 72.7 mg/kg FW | 7.4 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Xiaoxiangshui | 成熟果皮 | 971.1 mg/kg FW | 672.8 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 114.5 mg/kg FW | 14.9 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| Balixiang | 成熟果皮 | 548.2 mg/kg FW | 333.4 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 成熟果肉 | 122.4 mg/kg FW | 12.1 mg/kg FW | − | [56] |
| 40份样本 | 叶片 | 4.53~53.65 mg/g | − | − | [54] |
| Pyrus bretschneideri 白梨 | Laiyangchili | 成熟果实 | 113.3±3.2 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Yali | 成熟果实 | 122.1±2.6 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 10.03±0.01 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| 库尔勒香梨 | 未成熟果皮 | 21.32 mg/g DW | 18.52 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 成熟果皮 | 9.96 mg/g DW | 8.86 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 未成熟果肉 | 2.39 mg/g DW | 7.43 mg/g DW、266.9 μg/g FW | 227.5 μg/g FW | [49,58] |
| 成熟果肉 | 0.12 mg/g DW | 1.05 mg/g DW、23.8 μg/100 g FW | 15.7 μg/100 g FW | [49,58] |
| 未成熟石细胞区果肉 | 3.01 mg/g DW | 7.93 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 成熟石细胞区果肉 | 0.37 mg/g DW | 1.67 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 未成熟果核 | 27.41 mg/g DW | 45.99 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 成熟果核 | 4.08 mg/g DW | 3.48 mg/g DW | − | [58] |
| 砀山酥 | 成熟果肉 | − | 0.5 μg/g FW | 22.8 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 63.5 μg/g FW | 305.7 μg/g FW | [49] |
| 26份样本 | 叶片 | 8.08~41.21 mg/g | − | − | [54] |
| Pyrus pyrifolia 砂梨 | Chuhwang | 未成熟果实 | 971.4±4.8 mg/100 g FW | 279.0±8.7 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 110.0±2.4 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 38.7±2.3 mg/100 g FW | 11.3±0.3 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Hanareum | 成熟果实 | 135.2±5.6 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Hwangkeum | 未成熟果实 | 976.4±1.9 mg/100 g FW | 368.9±47.6 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 41.9±4.3 mg/100 g FW | 7.8±0.5 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 6.38±0.19 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Hwasan | 未成熟果实 | 626.7±1.2 mg/100 g FW | 227.7±5.0 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 12.5±1.4 mg/100 g FW | 4.1±1.4 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 211.08±8.36 mg GAE/100 g DW | 96.37±6.24 mg RE/100 g DW | − | [27] |
| Imamuraaki | 未成熟果实 | 614.9±16.7 mg/100 g FW | 241.1±22.3 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 51.1±5.0 mg/100 g FW | 10.2±0.4 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Manpung | 未成熟果实 | 570.1±31.6 mg/100 g FW | 239.5±21.0 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 36.4±2.1 mg/100 g FW | 9.7±0.7 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Niitaka | 成熟果实 | 145.2±7.3 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 189.60±3.92 mg GAE/100 g DW | 78.81±5.31 mg RE/100 g DW | − | [27] |
| 未成熟果实 | 723.6±0.7 mg/100 g FW | 217.9±12.1 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 22.0±1.3 mg/100 g FW | 6.4±1.0 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| Wonhwang | 未成熟果实 | 939.5±34.8 mg/100 g FW | 182.5±4.7 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 100.5±4.2 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| 成熟果实 | 20.1±1.4 mg/100 g FW | 6.1±1.1 mg/100 g FW | − | [59] |
| 成熟果实 | 6.89±0.17 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| 云和雪梨 | 成熟果实 | 1.35 mg/g FW | 0.46 mg/g FW | − | [50] |
| 丰水梨 | 成熟果肉 | − | 39.5 μg/100 g | 6.5 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 147.3 μg/g | 297.4 μg/g FW | [49] |
| KS | 带皮成熟果肉 | 51.2~55.3 mg TAE/100 g FW | − | − | [60] |
| 24份样本 | 叶片 | 5.07~51.50 mg/g | − | − | [54] |
| 西方梨 | Pyrus communis 西洋梨 | Abate Fetal | 成熟果实 | 81.0±2.2 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Ahmetova | 成熟果肉 | 7.79±1.50 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 253.87±62.27 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Budaljača | 成熟果肉 | 81.50±14.88 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 1066.28±62.27 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Carmen | 成熟果实 | 330.33±7.35 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| Cascade | 成熟果实 | 8.90±0.56 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Conference | 成熟果实 | 14.27±0.23 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [57] |
| Deveci | 成熟果实 | 1690.57±225.89 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| | Dolokrahan | 成熟果肉 | 52.48±15.89 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 787.8±74.02 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Etrusca | 成熟果实 | 338.23±8.29 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| Hambarka | 成熟果肉 | 32.87±22.71 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 489.2±368.2 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Jules d’Airolles | 成熟果实 | 60.6±2.1 mg/100 g DW | − | − | [56] |
| Kačmorka | 成熟果肉 | 26.07±1.15 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 409±47.9 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Krakača | 成熟果肉 | 50.57±21.1 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 1029±460.6 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Ljeskovača | 成熟果肉 | 37.18±11.71 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 551.8±310.73 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Margarite | 成熟果实 | 2337.31±392.59 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| Mellaçi | 成熟果实 | 2428.22±885.09 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| Mellaki | 成熟果实 | 2366.95±248.70 mg GAE/kg DW | − | − | [63] |
| Président Drouard | 成熟果肉 | 19.69±11.23 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 381.8±166.54 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Radana | 成熟果肉 | 234.2±65.5 mg/100 g DW | 4.1±1.5 mg/100 g DW | 201.4±77.1 μg/g DW | [5] |
| 成熟果皮 | 917.6±181.7 mg/100 g DW | 306.3±09.2 mg/100 g DW | 3460.5±1255.9 μg/g DW | [5] |
| 叶片 | 5326.7±844.0 mg/100 g DW | 2178.6±503.7 mg/100 g DW | 3104.4±312.3 μg/g DW | [5] |
| 种子 | 978.5±329.9 mg/100 g DW | 16.0±4.8 mg/100 g DW | 736.2±139.4 μg/g DW | [5] |
| Sarajka | 成熟果肉 | 33.65±16.38 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 477.55±310.73 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Santa Maria | 成熟果实 | 408.23±9.21 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| Takiša | 成熟果肉 | 26.77±3.48 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| 成熟果皮 | 302.77±103.5 mg/kg FW | − | − | [61] |
| Tosca | 成熟果肉 | 37.2 μg/100 g FW | − | 5.6 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| Williams | 成熟果实 | 41.1~56.1 mg TAE/100 g FW | − | − | [64] |
| 成熟果实 | 58.4~64.5 mg TAE/100 g FW | − | − | [65] |
| 成熟果实 | 353.72±9.65 mg/100 g FW | − | − | [62] |
| 红茄梨 | 成熟果肉 | − | 26.3 μg/g FW | 8.7 μg/100 g FW | [49] |
| 未成熟果肉 | − | 711.7 μg/g FW | 193.0 μg/g FW | [49] |
| 野生梨 | Pyrus eleagnifolia | Pall | 成熟果实 | 42.79~119.14 mg GAE/100 g FW | − | − | [66] |
| 叶片 | 20.497±0.055 mg GAE/g DW | 36.520±1.833 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 枝条 | 20.903±0.025 mg GAE/g DW | 47.020±1.652 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 未成熟果实 | 5.240±0.035 mg GAE/g DW | 2.120±0.173 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| Pyrus amygdaliformis | Vill | 叶片 | 19.683±0.015 mg GAE/g DW | 39.320±0.173 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 枝条 | 14.497±0.025 mg GAE/g DW | 21.120±0.520 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 未成熟果实 | 4.717±0.012 mg GAE/g DW | 4.920±0.300 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| Pyrus anatolica | Browicz | 叶片 | 20.497±0.055 mg GAE/g DW | 36.520±1.833 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 枝条 | 20.903±0.025 mg GAE/g DW | 47.020±1.652 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
| 未成熟果实 | 5.240±0.035 mg GAE/g DW | 2.120±0.173 mg CAE/g DW | − | [67] |
), ArticleFig(id=1320881443174203466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparative analysis of extraction methods
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 提取方法 | 核心优势 | 主要局限性 | 适用场景 | 适宜提取的活性物质 | 推荐原料来源 | 工业应用潜力 |
|---|
| 溶剂提取法 | 操作简单、成本低 | 耗时、溶剂消耗大、效率低 | 实验室初步探索、对热不敏感成分 | 酚类、黄酮类、三萜类、梨多糖 | 果皮、梨渣、叶片、果肉 | 高,但存在环保问题 |
| NADES | 绿色环保,可设计性强 | 粘度较高,后续纯化步骤可能较复杂,成本 较高 | 对特定极性的成分,追求“天然”“环保”标签的 产品 | 黄酮类、多酚 | 叶片、果渣、果肉 | 中,是当前研究热点,但标准化不足 |
| UAE | 效率高,时间短,温度可控 | 规模放大时能量分布 不均 | 对细胞壁结构完整的原料(如皮、渣) | 花青素、熊果苷、多酚、黄酮、梨 多糖 | 果皮、梨幼果、果肉、果核、梨渣 | 中高,已有中试设备 |
| PLE | 速度快、溶剂用量少、自动化程度高、重复性好 | 设备初期投资大;高温高压条件可能降解热敏性成分;对操作人员要求高 | 需要快速、高效获取目标成分的场景,尤其适合中试及小型工业化生产 | 三萜类、熊果苷 | 叶片、梨果 | 高,易于进行标准化流程控制,符合现代化生产对效率和环保的要求,是潜力巨大的升级技术 |
| MAE | 加热迅速、热效率高、选择性好,可大幅缩短提取时间 | 存在局部过热风险,可能导致成分变性;对极性溶剂依赖性强;放大时均匀加热是挑战 | 对热稳定性好的成分进行快速提取,实验室及中小规模应用 | 酚类、黄酮类 | 果肉 | 中,在特定成分的提取上优势明显,但大规模应用中的控温和均匀性问题限制了其潜力 |
| EAE | 条件温和、特异性强、绿色安全,能有效破坏植物细胞壁 | 酶成本高昂、反应时间较长、酶活易受环境(pH、温度)影响、后分离可能较复杂 | 用于处理细胞壁结构致密的原料,或与其他方法(如UAE,MAE)联用以提高效率 | 酚类、黄酮类、三萜类、梨多糖 | 果皮、梨渣、叶片、果肉 | 低,高昂的成本是主要限制因素;目前更适用于高附加值产品(如医药中间体)的生产,或作为其他提取法的预处理辅助手段 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320881443266478155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881185799132110, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
提取方法综合对比分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 提取方法 | 核心优势 | 主要局限性 | 适用场景 | 适宜提取的活性物质 | 推荐原料来源 | 工业应用潜力 |
|---|
| 溶剂提取法 | 操作简单、成本低 | 耗时、溶剂消耗大、效率低 | 实验室初步探索、对热不敏感成分 | 酚类、黄酮类、三萜类、梨多糖 | 果皮、梨渣、叶片、果肉 | 高,但存在环保问题 |
| NADES | 绿色环保,可设计性强 | 粘度较高,后续纯化步骤可能较复杂,成本 较高 | 对特定极性的成分,追求“天然”“环保”标签的 产品 | 黄酮类、多酚 | 叶片、果渣、果肉 | 中,是当前研究热点,但标准化不足 |
| UAE | 效率高,时间短,温度可控 | 规模放大时能量分布 不均 | 对细胞壁结构完整的原料(如皮、渣) | 花青素、熊果苷、多酚、黄酮、梨 多糖 | 果皮、梨幼果、果肉、果核、梨渣 | 中高,已有中试设备 |
| PLE | 速度快、溶剂用量少、自动化程度高、重复性好 | 设备初期投资大;高温高压条件可能降解热敏性成分;对操作人员要求高 | 需要快速、高效获取目标成分的场景,尤其适合中试及小型工业化生产 | 三萜类、熊果苷 | 叶片、梨果 | 高,易于进行标准化流程控制,符合现代化生产对效率和环保的要求,是潜力巨大的升级技术 |
| MAE | 加热迅速、热效率高、选择性好,可大幅缩短提取时间 | 存在局部过热风险,可能导致成分变性;对极性溶剂依赖性强;放大时均匀加热是挑战 | 对热稳定性好的成分进行快速提取,实验室及中小规模应用 | 酚类、黄酮类 | 果肉 | 中,在特定成分的提取上优势明显,但大规模应用中的控温和均匀性问题限制了其潜力 |
| EAE | 条件温和、特异性强、绿色安全,能有效破坏植物细胞壁 | 酶成本高昂、反应时间较长、酶活易受环境(pH、温度)影响、后分离可能较复杂 | 用于处理细胞壁结构致密的原料,或与其他方法(如UAE,MAE)联用以提高效率 | 酚类、黄酮类、三萜类、梨多糖 | 果皮、梨渣、叶片、果肉 | 低,高昂的成本是主要限制因素;目前更适用于高附加值产品(如医药中间体)的生产,或作为其他提取法的预处理辅助手段 |
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