Article(id=1320882005005415302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100073, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760284800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852410793, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852410793, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852410793, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852410793, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=11, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882005189964679, articleId=1320882005005415302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Zizyphus Jujube Bud Tea Extract and Its Anti-aging Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To preliminarily investigate the antioxidant activity of ethanol and water extracts from Zizyphus jujube bud tea and their anti-aging effects on Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: Using Zizyphus jujube bud tea as raw material, this study determined the total flavonoid and total phenol contents, as well as in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts with different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%) and water extracts at different temperatures (50, 75, 100 ℃). The optimal ethanol extract and water extract were selected to evaluate their anti-aging effects on Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: The 50% ethanol extract and 100 ℃ water extract exhibited optimal activity, with total flavonoid contents of 266.15 and 177.61 mg/g, respectively, and total phenol contents of 399.07 and 278.65 mg/g, respectively. Both extracts maintained high levels of free radical scavenging capacity, total reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Additionally, both extracts extended the lifespan of C. elegans (by 20.83% and 8.33%, respectively, P<0.05), enhanced survival rates under stress conditions (anti-ultraviolet radiation, anti-high-temperature heat damage, anti-hydrogen peroxide oxidation, P<0.05), and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in C. elegans while reducing contents of superoxide anion (O2−·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05). Notably, there were distinct differences between the two extracts. The 50% ethanol extract had a superior effect compared to the 100 ℃ water extract in enhancing CAT activity, reducing MDA content, and prolonging the natural lifespan of nematodes (P<0.05). The 100 ℃ water extract, by contrast, exhibited better performance in increasing SOD activity (P<0.05), decreasing the levels of O2−· and H2O2 (P<0.05), and improving the nematodes' tolerance to adverse environments (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both ethanol and water extracts of Zizyphus jujube bud tea exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant activity and can delay the aging of Caenorhabditis elegans.

, authors=Weibing LI1, 2, 3, Haixia YANG1, 2, 3, Feng WANG1, 2, 3, *, Qingzhen YANG1, 2, 3, Yingjian QI1, 2, 3, authorsList=Weibing LI, Haixia YANG, Feng WANG, Qingzhen YANG, Yingjian QI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Feng WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882006536336276, articleId=1320882005005415302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=酸枣芽茶提取物体外抗氧化活性及对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗衰老作用, columnId=1320881740915261775, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏—茶饮品全产业链生产关键技术研究与应用(客座主编:尹军峰、张建勇、许勇泉、崔宏春), runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:为了初步探究酸枣芽茶乙醇和水提取物的抗氧化活性及对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老的作用。方法:本研究以酸枣芽茶为原料,测定不同浓度的乙醇(25%、50%、75%)提取物和不同温度(50、75、100 ℃)水提取物的总黄酮、总酚含量、体外抗氧化活性,筛选最优乙醇提取物和水提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老作用的影响。结果:50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物活性最优,总黄酮含量分别为266.15、177.61 mg/g,总酚含量分别为399.07、278.65 mg/g,能保持较高的自由基清除水平以及总还原能力和总抗氧化能力(P<0.05);两种提取物均可延长线虫最长寿命(分别延长20.83%、8.33%,P<0.05)、提高抗逆环境存活率(抗紫外线辐射、抗高温热损伤、抗双氧水氧化,P<0.05),且能提升线虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性,降低超氧阴离子(O2‒·)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)等的含量(P<0.05)。但二者存在差异,50%乙醇提取物比100 ℃水提取物在提高线虫体内CAT活性,降低MDA的含量,延长线虫自然寿命(P<0.05)方面的效果更优;而100 ℃水提取物则在提高线虫体内SOD活性(P<0.05),降低线虫体内O2−·和H2O2含量(P<0.05)和提升线虫抗逆环境能力(P<0.05)方面表现更好。结论:酸枣芽茶乙醇和水提取物均有较好的体外抗氧化活性及延缓秀丽隐杆线虫衰老的作用。

, authors=李伟炳1, 2, 3, 杨海霞1, 2, 3, 王锋1, 2, 3, *, 杨青珍1, 2, 3, 齐英舰1, 2, 3, authorsList=李伟炳, 杨海霞, 王锋, 杨青珍, 齐英舰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王锋, authorNote=

李伟炳(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王锋(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
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注:不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2~图3、图5~图6同。

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注:A. 正常饲养环境;B. 紫外线辐射损伤;C. 高温热损伤;D. 双氧水氧化损伤;同一时间不同曲线上的不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Statistical analysis of lifespan and stress resistance assay data of Caenorhabditis elegans

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标分组实验线虫数(条)平均寿命中位寿命最长寿命
寿命50%乙醇提取组3022.40±0.30a d21.5±3.14a d29±0.91a d
100 ℃水提取组3019.57±0.11b d20.5±1.57b d26±0.91b d
对照组3018.47±0.11c d19±1.57c d24±0.91c d
抗紫外线辐射损伤50%乙醇提取组30170.00±2.40a h156±1.57a h204±0.91a h
100 ℃水提取组30152.00±2.40b h177±1.81b h228±0.91b h
对照组30128.00±1.57c h135±1.57c h192±0.91c h
抗高温热损伤50%乙醇提取组3010.82±0.30a h10.56±2.40a h16±0.91a h
100 ℃水提取组309.65±0.11b h12.33±1.57b h17±0.91b h
对照组308.74±0.111c h9.86±1.57c h15±0.91c h
抗双氧水氧化损伤50%乙醇提取组30138.60±0.30a min146.4±3.27a min192±0.91a min
100 ℃水提取组30129.57±0.11b min156±1.57b min228±0.91b min
对照组30118.47±0.11c min123.0±2.40c min180±0.91c min
), ArticleFig(id=1320882013398217688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882005005415302, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

秀丽隐杆线虫寿命及抗逆环境实验数据统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标分组实验线虫数(条)平均寿命中位寿命最长寿命
寿命50%乙醇提取组3022.40±0.30a d21.5±3.14a d29±0.91a d
100 ℃水提取组3019.57±0.11b d20.5±1.57b d26±0.91b d
对照组3018.47±0.11c d19±1.57c d24±0.91c d
抗紫外线辐射损伤50%乙醇提取组30170.00±2.40a h156±1.57a h204±0.91a h
100 ℃水提取组30152.00±2.40b h177±1.81b h228±0.91b h
对照组30128.00±1.57c h135±1.57c h192±0.91c h
抗高温热损伤50%乙醇提取组3010.82±0.30a h10.56±2.40a h16±0.91a h
100 ℃水提取组309.65±0.11b h12.33±1.57b h17±0.91b h
对照组308.74±0.111c h9.86±1.57c h15±0.91c h
抗双氧水氧化损伤50%乙醇提取组30138.60±0.30a min146.4±3.27a min192±0.91a min
100 ℃水提取组30129.57±0.11b min156±1.57b min228±0.91b min
对照组30118.47±0.11c min123.0±2.40c min180±0.91c min
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酸枣芽茶提取物体外抗氧化活性及对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗衰老作用
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李伟炳 1, 2, 3 , 杨海霞 1, 2, 3 , 王锋 1, 2, 3, * , 杨青珍 1, 2, 3 , 齐英舰 1, 2, 3
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏—茶饮品全产业链生产关键技术研究与应用(客座主编:尹军峰、张建勇、许勇泉、崔宏春) 2026,47(16): 1-11
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏—茶饮品全产业链生产关键技术研究与应用(客座主编:尹军峰、张建勇、许勇泉、崔宏春) 2026 , 47 (16) : 1 -11
酸枣芽茶提取物体外抗氧化活性及对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗衰老作用
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李伟炳1, 2, 3 , 杨海霞1, 2, 3, 王锋1, 2, 3, * , 杨青珍1, 2, 3, 齐英舰1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山西太谷 030801
  • 2运城学院生命科学系,山西运城 044000
  • 3运城学院特色果品品质调控与应用实验室,山西运城 044000
通讯作者:
王锋(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李伟炳(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Zizyphus Jujube Bud Tea Extract and Its Anti-aging Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans
Weibing LI1, 2, 3 , Haixia YANG1, 2, 3, Feng WANG1, 2, 3, * , Qingzhen YANG1, 2, 3, Yingjian QI1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
  • 2Life Science Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China
  • 3Characteristic Fruit Quality Control and Application Laboratory, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100073
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目的:为了初步探究酸枣芽茶乙醇和水提取物的抗氧化活性及对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老的作用。方法:本研究以酸枣芽茶为原料,测定不同浓度的乙醇(25%、50%、75%)提取物和不同温度(50、75、100 ℃)水提取物的总黄酮、总酚含量、体外抗氧化活性,筛选最优乙醇提取物和水提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老作用的影响。结果:50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物活性最优,总黄酮含量分别为266.15、177.61 mg/g,总酚含量分别为399.07、278.65 mg/g,能保持较高的自由基清除水平以及总还原能力和总抗氧化能力(P<0.05);两种提取物均可延长线虫最长寿命(分别延长20.83%、8.33%,P<0.05)、提高抗逆环境存活率(抗紫外线辐射、抗高温热损伤、抗双氧水氧化,P<0.05),且能提升线虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性,降低超氧阴离子(O2‒·)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)等的含量(P<0.05)。但二者存在差异,50%乙醇提取物比100 ℃水提取物在提高线虫体内CAT活性,降低MDA的含量,延长线虫自然寿命(P<0.05)方面的效果更优;而100 ℃水提取物则在提高线虫体内SOD活性(P<0.05),降低线虫体内O2−·和H2O2含量(P<0.05)和提升线虫抗逆环境能力(P<0.05)方面表现更好。结论:酸枣芽茶乙醇和水提取物均有较好的体外抗氧化活性及延缓秀丽隐杆线虫衰老的作用。

酸枣芽茶  /  提取方式  /  抗氧化  /  秀丽隐杆线虫  /  抗衰老

Objective: To preliminarily investigate the antioxidant activity of ethanol and water extracts from Zizyphus jujube bud tea and their anti-aging effects on Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods: Using Zizyphus jujube bud tea as raw material, this study determined the total flavonoid and total phenol contents, as well as in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts with different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%) and water extracts at different temperatures (50, 75, 100 ℃). The optimal ethanol extract and water extract were selected to evaluate their anti-aging effects on Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: The 50% ethanol extract and 100 ℃ water extract exhibited optimal activity, with total flavonoid contents of 266.15 and 177.61 mg/g, respectively, and total phenol contents of 399.07 and 278.65 mg/g, respectively. Both extracts maintained high levels of free radical scavenging capacity, total reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Additionally, both extracts extended the lifespan of C. elegans (by 20.83% and 8.33%, respectively, P<0.05), enhanced survival rates under stress conditions (anti-ultraviolet radiation, anti-high-temperature heat damage, anti-hydrogen peroxide oxidation, P<0.05), and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in C. elegans while reducing contents of superoxide anion (O2−·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05). Notably, there were distinct differences between the two extracts. The 50% ethanol extract had a superior effect compared to the 100 ℃ water extract in enhancing CAT activity, reducing MDA content, and prolonging the natural lifespan of nematodes (P<0.05). The 100 ℃ water extract, by contrast, exhibited better performance in increasing SOD activity (P<0.05), decreasing the levels of O2−· and H2O2 (P<0.05), and improving the nematodes' tolerance to adverse environments (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both ethanol and water extracts of Zizyphus jujube bud tea exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant activity and can delay the aging of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Zizyphus jujube bud tea  /  extraction method  /  antioxidant activity  /  Caenorhabditis elegans  /  anti-aging
李伟炳, 杨海霞, 王锋, 杨青珍, 齐英舰. 酸枣芽茶提取物体外抗氧化活性及对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗衰老作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100073
Weibing LI, Haixia YANG, Feng WANG, Qingzhen YANG, Yingjian QI. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Zizyphus Jujube Bud Tea Extract and Its Anti-aging Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100073
生物衰老是一个不可逆转且机理复杂的退行性过程,随年龄的增长而发生变化,其特征表现为机体基本生理功能下降以及组织器官退化等[1]。与衰老有关的研究表明,当机体氧化还原状态达不到平衡时,其活性氧和活性氮超过机体的抗氧化能力,使细胞及组织受到损伤,从而加快机体衰老甚至产生退行性疾病[2]。因此,提高机体抗氧化能力能够有效延缓衰老的进程,植物作为天然的抗氧化剂,其提取物对研究抗氧化功能食品具有重要的科研价值。
酸枣属(Ziziphus)植物因富含黄酮、酚类等活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗衰老潜力,成为近年来的研究热点[3]。国内外关于酸枣属植物的营养物质和活性功能的研究已取得一定进展:WANG等[4]研究发现酸枣叶的总黄酮、总酚含量及抗氧化活性显著优于酸枣树花、茎、果实及种子;张琰等[5]通过对DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除率的比较,发现酸枣叶乙醇提取物有较强的清除氧化自由基的能力;杨观兰等[6]研究发现南酸枣叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基具有较强的清除作用,对Fe3+具有较好的还原能力。
秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)具有易于实验室培养、生命周期短的显著优势,其衰老表型(如自然寿命、抗逆环境能力)直观易观测,且基因与人类高度保守,是抗衰老研究领域广泛认可的模式生物,可有效用于验证天然产物或化合物的抗衰老活性[7−8]。SUN等[9]以秀丽隐杆线虫模型研究酸枣叶提取物的抗衰老作用,发现酸枣叶提取物可以提高线虫抗氧化应激能力,提高线虫体内抗氧化酶活性,降低丙二醛的含量,延长线虫寿命。
酸枣芽茶是以酸枣树初春嫩芽为原料,经炒制、杀青制成的药食同源饮品。酸枣芽茶活性物质主要通过热水提取出来,主要以水溶性活性物质为主,开发利用单一,而对酸枣芽茶的其他有机溶剂提取方式的活性成分及功能的研究和开发利用较少。
鉴于此,本研究以酸枣芽茶为材料,测定不同浓度乙醇(25%、50%、75%)提取物和不同温度(50、75、100 ℃)水提取物中总黄酮及总酚含量、体外抗氧化活性和对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老的影响,为酸枣芽茶从传统饮品向抗衰老功能食品开发利用提供理论依据,助力挖掘酸枣芽茶的经济价值与市场潜力。
酸枣芽茶 山西省汾阳市田村提供,采摘初春四月的酸枣嫩芽,经过手工炒制及杀青后制得酸枣芽茶;1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、L-蛋氨酸、氮蓝四唑、核黄素、胆固醇、5-氟-2'-脱氧尿苷(5-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyuridine,FUDR)、硫酸钛、α-萘胺、冰乙酸、钼酸铵、硫酸镁、对氨基苯磺酸、硫代巴比妥酸 上海源叶科技有限公司;无水乙醇、过氧化氢、浓硫酸、浓盐酸、浓氨水、丙酮、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠 洛阳市化学试剂厂;2,2-连氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐、福林酚、DL-二硫苏糖醇 合肥博美生物科技有限公司;亚硝酸钠、硝酸铝、氢氧化钠、三氯乙酸、碳酸钠、没食子酸、氯化钙、次氯酸钠、氯化钠 天津市大茂化学试剂厂;蛋白胨、胰蛋白胨、酵母浸粉、琼脂粉 北京奥博星生物技术有限公司;铁氰化钾、三氯化铁、盐酸羟胺 天津市瑞金特化学品有限公司;以上试剂均为分析纯;尿嘧啶缺陷型大肠杆菌OP50、N2野生型秀丽隐杆线虫 天津科技大学食品添加剂与营养调控研究室。
L5型紫外可见分光光度计 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;BM122128型实体显微镜 上海光学仪器厂;BM1000型光学显微镜 南京江南永新光学有限公司;SPX-100B-Z型生化培养箱 上海博讯实业有限公司设备厂;BSC-1100 II A2-L型生物安全柜 济南鑫贝西生物技术有限公司;BXYC-LX2200型立式智能精密摇床 上海博讯医疗生物仪器股份有限公司设备厂;UPR-II-20L型优普系列超纯水机 四川优普超纯科技有限公司。
参考WANG等[10]的方法稍作修改,称取3份酸枣芽茶,每份10 g,按1:20的比例,分别置于200 mL 25%、50%和75%乙醇溶液中,40 ℃水浴48 h;再次称取相同质量的酸枣芽茶取三份,分别置于200 mL 50、75 ℃水浴和100 ℃沸水浴中30 min。水浴结束后,使用布氏漏斗过滤酸枣芽茶溶液,通过旋转蒸发去除醇提物中的乙醇。将酸枣芽茶溶液速冻,经真空冷冻干燥制成粉末。
参考刘展眉等[11]的方法稍作修改,以芦丁为标曲,得标准曲线方程为Y=0.2003X−0.028(R2=0.9994)(X为mg/mL)。取酸枣芽茶提取物粉末0.2 g溶于2 mL的70%乙醇中,取0.05 mL酸枣芽茶提取物,根据标准曲线的制作要求加入试剂,结合标准曲线分别计算醇提物和水提物总黄酮的含量,单位为mg/g,每个样品平行测定3次。总黄酮含量的计算公式为:
$\rm 总黄酮含量(mg/g)=\frac{{C}\times V_t\times V}{m\times V_S} $
式中:C为由标准曲线算出待测液样品总黄酮的浓度,mg/mL;Vt为样品定容总体积,mL;V为样品提取液总体积,mL;m为样品取样质量,g;VS为显色时吸取的待测液的体积,mL。
参考王凯慧[12]的方法稍作修改,以没食子酸为标曲,得标准曲线方程为Y=0.6492X+0.1391(R2=0.9996)。取酸枣芽茶提取物粉末0.2 g溶于2 mL的蒸馏水中,取0.01 mL酸枣芽茶提取物,根据标准曲线的制作要求加入试剂,结合标准曲线分别计算醇提物和水提物总酚的含量,单位为mg/g,每个样品平行测定3次。总酚含量的计算公式为:
$\rm 总酚含量(mg/g)=\frac{{C}\times V_t\times V}{m\times V_S} $
式中:C为由标准曲线算出待测液样品总酚的浓度,mg/mL;Vt为样品定容总体积,mL;V为样品提取液总体积,mL;m为样品取样质量,g;VS为显色时吸取的待测液的体积,mL。
参考JO等[13]的方法稍作改动,取浓度为0.03125、0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.5、1.0 mg/mL的醇提物和水提物溶液各1 mL于离心管中,加入1 mL DPPH溶液,摇匀后避光反应30 min,在540 nm处测定吸光值,每个样品平行测定3次,维生素C(Vitamin C,VC)为阳性对照。DPPH自由基清除率计算公式为:
$\rm DPPH自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{Ai-A\text{j}}{Ac}\right)\times 100 $
式中:Ai为样品与DPPH溶液反应的吸光值;Aj为用无水乙醇替代DPPH溶液的对照组吸光值;Ac为用无水乙醇与DPPH溶液混合的空白组吸光值。
参考RUMPF等[14]的方法略作改动,取浓度为0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/mL的醇提物和水提物溶液各80 μL于离心管中,加入1.5 mL ABTS溶液,摇匀后避光反应10 min,在734 nm处测定吸光值,每个样品平行测定3次,VC为阳性对照。ABTS阳离子自由基清除率公式为:
$\rm ABTS阳离子自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{A}_{1}}{{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A1为样品与ABTS溶液反应的吸光值;A0为用无水乙醇与ABTS溶液混合的空白组吸光值。
参考黄瑜等[15]的方法略作修改,采用铁氰化钾还原法,取浓度1.0 mg/mL的醇提物、水提物、1.0 mg/mL的VC(阳性对照)及蒸馏水(空白)各0.5 mL于试管中,加入1.25 mL的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.01 mol/L,pH7.2~7.4)和2.5 mL质量分数1%的铁氰化钾,混匀后置于50 ℃水浴20 min,冷却后加入2.5 mL质量分数10%的三氯乙酸终止反应,将试管放入离心机中3000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液1.25 mL,加入0.25 mL质量分数10%的三氯化铁及1.25 mL蒸馏水并混匀。在700 nm处测定吸光值,每个样品平行测定3次。总还原能力百分率计算公式为:
$\rm 总还原能力百分率(\text{%})= \left(\frac{{A}_{1}-{A}_{0}}{{A}_{V_C}-{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A1为样品的吸光值;A0为空白(蒸馏水)的吸光值;$\rm {A}_{V_C} $为VC阳性对照的吸光值。
参考BILAL等[16]的方法略作修改,采用磷钼酸法,取浓度为1.0 mg/mL的醇提物、水提物、1.0 mg/mL的VC(阳性对照)及蒸馏水(空白)各0.5 mL于试管中,依次加入1.0 mL 0.6 mol/L的稀硫酸,1.5 mL 28 mmol/L磷酸钠缓冲液,1.5 mL 4 mmol/L钼酸铵,避光环境中90 ℃水浴90 min,流水冷却。在695 nm处测定吸光值,每个样品平行测定3次。总抗氧化能力百分率计算公式为式(6):
$\rm 总抗氧化能力百分率(\text{%}) =\left(\frac{{A}_{1}-{A}_{0}}{{A}_{V_C}-{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A1为样品的吸光值;A0为空白(蒸馏水)的吸光值;$\rm {A}_{V_C} $为VC阳性对照的吸光值。
参考张余威等[17]的方法略作修改,配制500 mL线虫生长的培养基(nematode growth medium,NGM),取大肠杆菌OP50菌液划线培养后,挑取单菌落在37 ℃,220 r/min条件培养12 h至其对数生长期(OD595 nm=1.00),将菌液涂布至NGM培养基表面使其长出薄薄的一层菌苔,转移线虫至菌苔中,20 ℃恒温培养48 h。
参考梁前程等[18]的方法稍作修改,以5 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液与5%次氯酸钠溶液按1:2的体积比混合配制裂解液,取适量无菌水将平板内的虫卵及线虫冲洗至离心管中,加入裂解液,涡旋并离心,用无菌水反复冲洗沉淀3次,将虫卵转移至NGM平板中,20 ℃恒温条件下培养2 d后虫卵发育成L4期的线虫,即可完成同期化。
参考吉宗慧等[19]及黎梓玉等[20]的方法稍作改动,在正式实验前,乙醇提取物和水提取物分别取0.25、0.5、1.0 mg/mL三个浓度梯度进行线虫给药预实验,结果显示两种提取物1.0 mg/mL浓度组线虫的运动能力及自然寿命均高于0.25、0.5 mg/mL浓度组,其活性效果更优。基于此,选择1.0 mg/mL醇提物和水提物为最终干预浓度进行线虫给药实验。正式实验时,乙醇提取物和水提取物分别取终浓度1.0 mg/mL加入到NGM培养基以及大肠杆菌OP50(OD595 nm=1.00)中,以不加样品的大肠杆菌OP50作为对照组,同时加入除菌后的终浓度为200 μmol/L的FUDR抑制线虫的繁殖,用于线虫寿命及抗逆环境的测定,线虫体内抗氧化测定则不加入FUDR,以保证获取大量的线虫,测定线虫体内SOD、CAT活性及O2−·、H2O2、MDA的含量。
参考HUI等[21]的方法稍作修改,同步培养L4时期的线虫,分别挑取30条至乙醇提取组和水提取组的NGM平板中,置于20 ℃生化培养箱中进行培养并记为第1 d,每天记录线虫存活与死亡的数量并挑出死亡的线虫,直至最后一条线虫死亡为止,实验重复3次。
参考LIN等[8]的方法稍作修改,给药培养5 d后,将线虫转移至生物安全柜中,紫外灯照射1 h后,每12 h记录一次线虫的死亡数量并挑出死亡的线虫,直至存活率为20%。参考ZHANG等[22]的方法稍作修改,给药培养5 d后,将线虫的培养温度由20 ℃升高至30 ℃,预热1 h,转移至35 ℃条件下,每1 h记录一次线虫的死亡数量并挑出死亡的线虫,直至存活率为20%。参考赵小萌等[23]的方法稍作修改,给药培养7 d后,将线虫转移至含有终浓度为0.01 mol/L双氧水的NGM平板中,每20 min记录一次线虫的死亡数量并挑出死亡的线虫,直至存活率为20%,以上实验重复3次。
将线虫分别转移至乙醇提取组、水提取组和对照组NGM平板中,20 ℃恒温培养5 d,将线虫冲洗至离心管中并记录其质量,研磨、离心,取上清液备用。参考LIN等[24]的方法测定SOD,以每分钟每克线虫的反应体系对氮蓝四唑光化还原的抑制为50%为一个活性单位(U/g)表示。参考DU等[25]的方法测定CAT,以每克线虫每分钟吸光值减少0.01为1个酶活性单位(U/g)。参考LEI等[26]的方法,测定每克线虫中的O2‒·含量,结果单位以μg/g表示。参考LIN等[27]的方法,测定每克线虫中的H2O2含量,结果单位以μmol/g表示。参考FAROOQ等[28]的方法,测定每克线虫中的MDA含量,结果单位以nmol/g表示,以上实验重复3次。
每组重复进行3次,数据用平均值±标准误($ \overline{\text{x}} $±SE)表示。用Excel 2019及Origin 2021软件作图,用SPSS 27.0软件进行单因素方差分析和Duncan's多重比较,差异显著水平为P<0.05。
如图1A、图1B所示,在总黄酮含量测定中,50%乙醇提取物总黄酮含量为266.15 mg/g,比25%、75%乙醇提取物分别高出46.69%与18.79%(P<0.05);100 ℃水提取物总黄酮含量为177.61 mg/g,比50、75 ℃水提取物分别高出219.79%与55.46%(P<0.05)。如图1C、图1D所示,在总酚含量测定中,50%乙醇提取物总酚含量为399.07 mg/g,比25%、75%乙醇提取物分别高出28.48%与20.35%(P<0.05);100 ℃水提取物总酚含量为278.65 mg/g,比50、75 ℃水提取物分别高出75.19%与31.05%(P<0.05)。这可能是由于黄酮类物质为中等极性化合物,依据相似相溶原理,50%乙醇的极性与酸枣芽茶中黄酮类物质的极性匹配度最优,故溶出量最高,总酚中包含黄酮类、酚酸类的复合物,其极性特征与黄酮类物质相近,因此溶剂提取条件对总酚含量的影响规律与总黄酮相似[29];100 ℃高温通过增强植物细胞破壁效果,提升黄酮类与酚类物质的溶解度,显著提高了总黄酮和总酚溶出量,因此总黄酮与总酚含量高于50 ℃与75 ℃提取组。
已有研究报道通过50%乙醇洗脱酸枣叶中的黄酮和多酚,能够有效去除活性氧自由基[30],本研究采用不同溶剂提取的酸枣芽茶提取物测定清除自由基的能力。DPPH自由基的清除率如图2A、图2B所示,50%乙醇提取物IC50为0.698 mg/mL,显著优于25%乙醇提取物(P<0.05),但与75%乙醇提取物差异不显著;100 ℃水提取物IC50值为0.450 mg/mL,显著优于50、75 ℃水提取物(P<0.05)。ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率如图2C、图2D所示,50%乙醇提取物IC50为0.827 mg/mL,显著优于25%、75%乙醇提取物(P<0.05);100 ℃水提取物的IC50值为0.889 mg/mL,显著优于50、75 ℃水提取物(P<0.05)。50%乙醇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力最优,黄酮类是DPPH自由基清除的核心组分,而50%乙醇提取物中总黄酮含量高于25%、75%乙醇提取物,为其强清除能力提供了物质基础[6];100 ℃水提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力最优,推测是高温条件下选择性富集了高浓度、高活性的水溶性黄酮苷类组分,这些物质能够高效清除DPPH自由基[31];50%乙醇提取物对ABTS阳离子自由基的清除能力最优,50%乙醇提取物的总酚含量(399.07 mg/g)在乙醇体系中最高,因此表现出较强的ABTS阳离子自由基清除活性;100 ℃高温能深度破坏酸枣芽茶的细胞壁结构,不仅加速游离酚类物质溶出,还能释放出结合在纤维素、木质素等基质上的聚合酚,这类成分对ABTS阳离子自由基具有更强的捕获能力[32]。
总还原能力结果显示(图3A、图3B),25%乙醇提取物总还原能力百分率为20.37%,显著优于50%、75%乙醇提取物(P<0.05);100 ℃水提取物总还原能力百分率为21.58%,显著优于50、75 ℃水提取物(P<0.05)。25%乙醇提取物的总还原能力最优,推测是由于25%乙醇更易富集酸枣芽茶中低极性还原性酚类单体,此类成分的电子转移能力较强,是总还原能力的核心贡献组分[33];而100 ℃水提取物的强还原能力,则与高温促进黄酮苷、酚酸类物质溶出有关,这些物质提高了提取物的还原能力,这与杨观兰等[6]研究南酸枣叶黄酮总还原能力的结果相一致。总抗氧化能力结果显示(图3C、图3D),50%乙醇提取物总抗氧化能力百分率为20.49%,显著优于25%、75%乙醇提取物(P<0.05);100 ℃水提取物总抗氧化能力百分率为15.37%,显著优于50、75 ℃水提取物(P<0.05)。50%乙醇提取物的总抗氧化能力最优,与其总黄酮、总酚含量最高有直接关联,黄酮与酚类组分可通过清除自由基提升抗氧化能力,100 ℃水提取物的总抗氧化能力最优,则是因为高温下溶出的黄酮与酚酸形成了多组分抗氧化网络[34],进一步增强了活性效能。
综上结果可知,不同浓度的乙醇(25%、50%、75%)提取物中,50%乙醇提取物的总黄酮、总酚含量、DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力最好;一方面,不同温度(50、75、100 ℃)水提取物中,100 ℃水提取物的总黄酮、总酚含量、DPPH自由基,ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力、总还原能力及总抗氧化能力最好。另一方面,50%乙醇提取物比100 ℃水提取物的总黄酮、总酚含量高,ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力强。因此,本研究以50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物,以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型,进一步探讨酸枣芽茶提取物的抗衰老作用。
氧化应激能够损伤细胞,影响代谢平衡,破坏组织功能,加速机体的衰老[35]。线虫的寿命测定是研究线虫体内抗氧化的一项直观指标,由图4A、表1所示,自给药第1 d起至线虫全部死亡,50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物给药组线虫最长寿命分别为29 d与26 d,比对照组寿命24 d分别延长20.83%、8.33%(P<0.05)。平均寿命分别为22.40、19.57 d,比对照组18.47 d分别提高21.28%、5.96%(P<0.05),中位寿命分别为21.5、20.5 d,比对照组19 d分别提高13.16%、7.89%。
紫外线辐射能够使生物体内产生过量的自由基,对体内组织造成损伤从而减少寿命[36]。如图4B所示,在紫外线照射后84至192 h内,对照组线虫存活率持续下降,并于192 h时降至17.78%。相比之下,50%乙醇提取物组和100 ℃水提取物组在同一时间范围内的线虫存活率均显著高于对照组,平均存活率分别较对照组提高25.52%和51.28%(P<0.05)。此外,对照组线虫的最大存活时间为192 h,50%乙醇提取物组和100 ℃水提取物组线虫的最大存活时间分别延长至204 h 和228 h。
线虫的最适生长温度为20至25 ℃,在35 ℃高温条件下线虫体内会产生过量的活性氧,其生理代谢也会紊乱,加剧线虫的死亡[37]。如图4C所示,在35 ℃高温胁迫条件下,对照组线虫存活率随时间显著下降(P<0.05),并于15 h时降至16.67%。在8~15 h内,100 ℃水提取物给药组线虫存活率显著高于对照组,平均存活率较对照组提高43.65%(P<0.05)。对照组线虫的最大存活时间为15 h,而100 ℃水提取物给药组线虫的最大存活时间延长至17 h。在8~9 h内,50%乙醇提取物给药组线虫存活率为70.56%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其平均存活率较对照组提高14.42%。
双氧水具有强氧化性和腐蚀性,线虫暴露于双氧水环境中会引发强氧化应激,对线虫造成氧化损伤。如图4D所示,在双氧水处理条件下,对照组线虫存活率随时间显著下降,并于180 min时降至22.22%。在72至180 min内,50%乙醇提取物组和100 ℃水提取物组线虫的存活率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),平均存活率分别较对照组提高27.00%和31.42%(P<0.05)。此外,对照组线虫的最大存活时间为180 min,而50%乙醇提取物组和100 ℃水提取物组线虫的最大存活时间分别延长至204和228 min。孙艳等[38]研究酸枣属植物提取物的抗氧化作用,其通过优化工艺获得酸枣叶黄酮,以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型,发现黄酮能够提高线虫在逆环境下的抵抗能力并延长寿命,本研究中酸枣芽茶提取物提高线虫抗逆环境效果与这一结果相一致。
SOD是一种抗氧化防御酶,通过清除生物体内的O2‒·,保护细胞免受氧化损伤[39]。由图5A可知,线虫通过酸枣芽茶提取物给药后,其体内的SOD活性显著高于对照组,与对照组相比,50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物给药组分别提高了43.49%和91.29%,且均达到差异水平(P<0.05)。
CAT是一种含金属抗氧化酶,能够催化H2O2分解为水和氧气,保护细胞免受活性氧损伤[40]。如图5B所示,线虫在酸枣芽茶提取物给药后体内CAT活性较对照组有显著提升(P<0.05),50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物给药组较对照组分别提高了29.61%和20.53%,且具有显著差异水平(P<0.05)。这可能由于50%乙醇提取物与100 ℃水提取物的总黄酮含量较高,其中的黄酮类组分可通过提供电子辅助SOD清除O2‒·,间接增强SOD的酶促反应效率[41];50%乙醇提取物与100 ℃水提取物的总酚含量较高,其中的酚酸组分可与CAT的活性中心结合,增强其催化过氧化氢分解的能力[42]。
生物体在逆环境中会产生O2‒·,经过一系列反应生成活性氧,对生物体细胞产生氧化损伤[43]。由图6A可知,线虫通过酸枣芽茶两种提取物给药后其体内的O2‒·含量明显下降,与对照组相比较,50%乙醇和100 ℃水提取物给药组O2‒·含量分别降低9.81%与23.32%,且具有显著差异(P<0.05)。过量的H2O2能够在线虫体内产生大量的自由基,导致线虫的细胞结构及其功能发生氧化损伤,破坏细胞的新陈代谢[44]。如图6B所示,经过给药后线虫体内的H2O2含量显著低于对照组,与对照组比较,50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物给药组比对照组H2O2含量分别降低了14.58%和31.91%,且均达到差异水平(P<0.05)。MDA是膜脂过氧化后的产物,可以改变生物体内的核酸与蛋白质,使其丧失生物功能[45]。如图6C所示,给药组线虫体内MDA含量显著低于对照组,与对照组进行比较,50%乙醇提取物和100 ℃水提取物给药组较对照组分别降低72.17%和53.42%,且具有显著差异水平(P<0.05)。50%乙醇提取物与100 ℃水提取物含有黄酮类化合物,可激活内源性SOD等抗氧化酶系统,加速O2−·的歧化分解,两种提取物还含有酚酸物质并且能够激活CAT的活性,加快H2O2的分解,同时两种提取物中的酚类物质可通过酚羟基提供氢原子,中和脂质过氧化链式反应中的关键自由基,阻断MDA前体形成[46]。以上结果表明,酸枣芽茶两种提取物能够降低线虫体内O2−·、H2O2和MDA等氧化分子的含量,对线虫具有抗氧化保护作用,这与孙艳等[38]研究酸枣叶黄酮可有效降低秀丽隐杆线虫体内MDA的含量,进而减轻氧化损伤并发挥保护作用的研究结果一致。
综合线虫实验发现,50%乙醇提取物与100 ℃水提取物都可以通过提高SOD、CAT抗氧化酶的活性(图5),降低体内O2−·、H2O2和MDA的含量(图6),进而显著延长线虫寿命(图4、表1)。50%乙醇提取物比100 ℃水提取物在提高线虫体内CAT活性(图5B),降低MDA的含量(图6C),延长线虫自然寿命的效果更优(图4A);而100 ℃水提取物则在激活线虫体内SOD活性(图5A)、清除O2-·和H2O2和提升线虫抗逆环境能力方面表现更好(图6A、图6B)。
本实验通过测定不同提取条件(乙醇浓度梯度、水温梯度)下酸枣芽茶提取物的总黄酮、总酚的含量、体外抗氧化活性及对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老的作用,结果表明:在乙醇提取体系中,50%乙醇提取物的总黄酮和总酚含量最高,对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基的清除能力及总抗氧化能力最优;在水提取体系中,100 ℃水提取物的总黄酮和总酚含量显著高于中低温组,对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率、总还原能力及总抗氧化能力表现最优。50%乙醇提取物与100 ℃水提取物均能显著提升线虫体内SOD、CAT活性,降低O2‒·、H2O2及MDA含量,同时显著延长秀丽隐杆线虫自然寿命,提高线虫在紫外线、35 ℃高温、双氧水胁迫下的存活率,由此可见,酸枣芽茶两种提取物均具备较强的体外、体内抗氧化能力及延缓线虫衰老的作用。50%乙醇提取物主要通过提高线虫体内CAT活性,降低线虫体内MDA的含量,延长线虫自然寿命效果更优;而100 ℃水提取物则通过激活SOD活性、清除O2−·和H2O2提升线虫抗逆环境能力方面表现更好。
本研究为酸枣芽茶在抗衰老功能食品开发与利用中提供理论和数据支持。后续还需进一步探讨酸枣芽茶提取物延缓衰老的分子通路及作用机理。

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2026年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100073
  • 接收时间:2025-10-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13
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    1山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山西太谷 030801
    2运城学院生命科学系,山西运城 044000
    3运城学院特色果品品质调控与应用实验室,山西运城 044000

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王锋(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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