Article(id=1320883722358993074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760284800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852820243, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852820243, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852820243, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852820243, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=60, endPage=68, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883722547736755, articleId=1320883722358993074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Drying Methods on Drying Efficiency and Quality of Kiwifruit Slices, columnId=1320882056083653432, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors-, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Kiwifruit is highly valued for its nutritional content and distinctive flavor but is prone to rapid deterioration, necessitating efficient drying techniques that preserve product quality. In this study, Xuxiang kiwifruit slices were subjected to vacuum freeze-drying (FD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and multiphase microwave drying (MMD), and their drying behavior, color, shrinkage, texture, microstructure (Micro-CT), volatile compounds, and nutritional attributes (vitamin C, total phenolics, and total sugars) were systematically compared. FD required the longest drying time (2880 min) but effectively preserved porous microstructure and overall flavor, whereas MVD markedly reduced drying time to 39 min but caused localized overheating, resulting in severe color degradation (ΔE=24.96±4.36), structural collapse, and flavor imbalance. In contrast, MMD achieved a comparable drying time (165 min) through staged regulation of microwave power and vacuum conditions, while exhibiting the lowest color difference (ΔE=8.43±0.56), well-maintained texture and microstructure, the highest volatile profile similarity to fresh kiwifruit (0.81), and superior retention of vitamin C, total phenolics, and total sugars. Overall, multiphase microwave drying demonstrated the best comprehensive performance in balancing drying efficiency and quality preservation, highlighting its potential for high-quality kiwifruit processing.

, authors=Zhenbin LIU1, 2, Linghan KONG1, 2, Zilin CHANG1, 2, Jia LUO1, 2, Linlin LI3, Wenchao LIU3, Hongbo LI1, 2, Liangbin HU1, Dan XU1, Lu TIAN1, Lishan YAO1, Xiaolin ZHU1, Jiayi ZHANG1, Haizhen MO1, 2, *, authorsList=Zhenbin LIU, Linghan KONG, Zilin CHANG, Jia LUO, Linlin LI, Wenchao LIU, Hongbo LI, Liangbin HU, Dan XU, Lu TIAN, Lishan YAO, Xiaolin ZHU, Jiayi ZHANG, Haizhen MO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haizhen MO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883725651521734, articleId=1320883722358993074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=干燥方式对猕猴桃切片干燥效率与品质的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

猕猴桃因营养丰富、风味独特而备受青睐,但其极易腐败变质,需通过优化切片干燥方式来提高干燥效率并兼顾产品品质。本研究以徐香猕猴桃为原料,比较了真空冷冻干燥(FD)、微波真空干燥(MVD)和多相态微波干燥(MMD)三种干燥方式在干燥效率及产品品质方面的差异。分析了干燥曲线、颜色变化、收缩率、质构特性、微型计算机断层扫描(Micro-CT)扫描结果、挥发性风味成分以及营养指标(如维生素C、总酚和总糖含量)。结果表明,FD干燥时间最长(2880 min),但能够较好保持样品的多孔组织结构和整体风味特征;MVD干燥时间为39 min,但由于微波能量分布不均,易产生局部过热,导致综合色差显著增大(ΔE=24.96±4.36)、组织结构塌陷及风味组成失衡;相比之下,MMD通过分阶段调控微波功率与真空环境,将干燥时间缩短至约165 min,其色差值最低(ΔE=8.43±0.56),质构参数与微观结构保持良好。风味分析结果显示,MMD样品与新鲜猕猴桃的挥发性指纹相似度最高(0.81),明显高于FD和MVD,同时维生素C、总酚和总糖含量均处于较高水平,体现出在干燥效率与品质保持之间的最佳综合性能。综上所述,多相态微波干燥在提高干燥效率的同时能保持较好的品质,是猕猴桃果干加工的优选方法,并为果蔬加工技术的优化提供了参考。

, authors=刘振彬1, 2, 孔令涵1, 2, 常紫琳1, 2, 罗嘉1, 2, 李琳琳3, 刘文超3, 李红波1, 2, 胡梁斌1, 徐丹1, 田露1, 姚丽姗1, 朱晓琳1, 张珈祎1, 莫海珍1, 2, *, authorsList=刘振彬, 孔令涵, 常紫琳, 罗嘉, 李琳琳, 刘文超, 李红波, 胡梁斌, 徐丹, 田露, 姚丽姗, 朱晓琳, 张珈祎, 莫海珍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=莫海珍, authorNote=

刘振彬(1990−),男,博士,研究方向:食品加工与保鲜,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
莫海珍(1972−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bF/k/WIlEdnDtGmpDLXNnQ==, magXml=ih2JSjFfDla9wIU+SNpO3A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=p7eUCE7Ayy0s/ojv4SBqSA==, pdfFileSize=6137454, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TpN8Sn15iDo7T9YZuFRy8g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/ve5rZTwV7zwRjVnisnufw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320883726142255313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhenbinliu@sust.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320883726217752788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, authorId=1320883726142255313, language=EN, stringName=Zhenbin LIU, firstName=Zhenbin, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2022, 123: 198−209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883725903179975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883725911568584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, companyId=1320883725903179975, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883725924151497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, companyId=1320883725903179975, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883725987066058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883725995454667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, companyId=1320883725987066058, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shaanxi Agricultural Products Processing Technology Research Institute, Xi'an 710021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883726008037580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, companyId=1320883725987066058, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2陕西农产品加工技术研究院,陕西西安 710021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883726066757837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883726075146446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, companyId=1320883726066757837, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883726083535055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, companyId=1320883726066757837, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3河南科技大学,河南洛阳 471000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320883734283399462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of multiphase microwave dryer, figureFileSmall=SK+HYApNDiL2lk6sifmFLg==, figureFileBig=TpN8Sn15iDo7T9YZuFRy8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734363091239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图1, caption=多相态微波干燥机原理图, figureFileSmall=SK+HYApNDiL2lk6sifmFLg==, figureFileBig=TpN8Sn15iDo7T9YZuFRy8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734547640616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Drying curves of kiwi fruit slices under different drying methods, figureFileSmall=f82Hu2CNL45fvwnvsfvH/A==, figureFileBig=RJPdWIMdQ61KxuTMWkHfjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734623138089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同干燥方式下猕猴桃切片的干燥曲线

注:(A)微波真空;(B)多相态微波;(C)真空冷冻。

, figureFileSmall=f82Hu2CNL45fvwnvsfvH/A==, figureFileBig=RJPdWIMdQ61KxuTMWkHfjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734686052650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Kiwi fruit slices under different drying methods, figureFileSmall=Azl+ARQF3SZvfDv57iYPAg==, figureFileBig=8RU7y+vXmYaMxeGw8S/bkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734765744427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同干燥方式下猕猴桃切片

注:(A)真空冷冻;(B)多相态微波;(C)微波真空。

, figureFileSmall=Azl+ARQF3SZvfDv57iYPAg==, figureFileBig=8RU7y+vXmYaMxeGw8S/bkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734832853292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of drying methods on the shrinkage ratio of dried kiwifruit, figureFileSmall=Gm3eU7GPWBiuvxRtBg795Q==, figureFileBig=sE06bsW2lwkRyR02S5dwEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734899962157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图4, caption=干燥方式对猕猴桃果干收缩率的影响

注:真空冷冻干燥(FD);多相态微波干燥(MMD);微波真空干燥(MVD);不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05),图5、图9同。

, figureFileSmall=Gm3eU7GPWBiuvxRtBg795Q==, figureFileBig=sE06bsW2lwkRyR02S5dwEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883734983848238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Texture characteristics of kiwi fruit dried under different drying methods, figureFileSmall=Gvg1v+qBSa49DcdKDkLtDw==, figureFileBig=ZcyP+c2sFXfoEAubt2rM2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735055151407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同干燥方式下猕猴桃果干的质构特性

注:(A)硬度;(B)弹性;(C)咀嚼性;真空冷冻干燥(FD);多相态微波干燥(MMD);微波真空干燥(MVD);新鲜猕猴桃样品(FS)。

, figureFileSmall=Gvg1v+qBSa49DcdKDkLtDw==, figureFileBig=ZcyP+c2sFXfoEAubt2rM2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735130648880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Micro-CT scanning results under different drying methods, figureFileSmall=IwfwHTKE18euKX5NbylCCg==, figureFileBig=d7tGhxapfov4pRdIoC0ptg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735201952049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同干燥方式下Micro-CT扫描结果

注:真空冷冻干燥(FD);多相态微波干燥(MMD);微波真空干燥(MVD);新鲜猕猴桃样品(FRESH)。

, figureFileSmall=IwfwHTKE18euKX5NbylCCg==, figureFileBig=d7tGhxapfov4pRdIoC0ptg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735277449522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Thermal maps of volatile compound content under different drying methods, figureFileSmall=usDC4Wjae34mgDw1rOtTyQ==, figureFileBig=O0i3N5sU36zL2MUMXh8oYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735348752691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同干燥方式下挥发性化合物含量热图

注:真空冷冻干燥(FD);多相态微波干燥(MMD);微波真空干燥(MVD);新鲜猕猴桃样品(FS)。

, figureFileSmall=usDC4Wjae34mgDw1rOtTyQ==, figureFileBig=O0i3N5sU36zL2MUMXh8oYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735415861556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Full spectrum cosine similarity of volatile compound content under different drying methods, figureFileSmall=3ItfmBD6ik0ci6z8t411ig==, figureFileBig=CbQOrUd/+7oIuBfhk/XRUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735478776117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同干燥方式下挥发性化合物含量全谱余弦相似度

注:真空冷冻干燥(FD);多相态微波干燥(MMD);微波真空干燥(MVD);新鲜猕猴桃样品(FS)。

, figureFileSmall=3ItfmBD6ik0ci6z8t411ig==, figureFileBig=CbQOrUd/+7oIuBfhk/XRUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735566856502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Nutritional quality indicators under different drying methods, figureFileSmall=w4pscTqEO2JqfzaiuqcCkg==, figureFileBig=XMpu9aLXZdJl0i+Z6Ib+/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735650742583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同干燥方式下营养品质指标

注:(A)维生素C含量;(B)总酚含量;(C)总糖含量;真空冷冻干燥(FD);多相态微波干燥(MMD);微波真空干燥(MVD);新鲜猕猴桃样品(FS)。

, figureFileSmall=w4pscTqEO2JqfzaiuqcCkg==, figureFileBig=XMpu9aLXZdJl0i+Z6Ib+/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883735734628664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of different drying methods on the color of kiwifruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理L*a*b*△E
鲜样49.72±1.20c1.07±1.41a20.66±5.98b−
真空冷冻82.42±0.48a−0.1±0.27a23.68±1.40a33.37±1.31a
多相态微波47.43±1.19d−5.65±1.19b23.33±2.14b8.43±0.56c
微波真空70.14±0.71b−6.24±1.27b31.6±4.02a24.96±4.36b
), ArticleFig(id=1320883735835291961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883722358993074, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同干燥方式对猕猴桃果干色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理L*a*b*△E
鲜样49.72±1.20c1.07±1.41a20.66±5.98b−
真空冷冻82.42±0.48a−0.1±0.27a23.68±1.40a33.37±1.31a
多相态微波47.43±1.19d−5.65±1.19b23.33±2.14b8.43±0.56c
微波真空70.14±0.71b−6.24±1.27b31.6±4.02a24.96±4.36b
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干燥方式对猕猴桃切片干燥效率与品质的影响
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刘振彬 1, 2 , 孔令涵 1, 2 , 常紫琳 1, 2 , 罗嘉 1, 2 , 李琳琳 3 , 刘文超 3 , 李红波 1, 2 , 胡梁斌 1 , 徐丹 1 , 田露 1 , 姚丽姗 1 , 朱晓琳 1 , 张珈祎 1 , 莫海珍 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(13): 60-68
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (13) : 60 -68
干燥方式对猕猴桃切片干燥效率与品质的影响
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刘振彬1, 2 , 孔令涵1, 2, 常紫琳1, 2, 罗嘉1, 2, 李琳琳3, 刘文超3, 李红波1, 2, 胡梁斌1, 徐丹1, 田露1, 姚丽姗1, 朱晓琳1, 张珈祎1, 莫海珍1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021
  • 2陕西农产品加工技术研究院,陕西西安 710021
  • 3河南科技大学,河南洛阳 471000
通讯作者:
莫海珍(1972−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘振彬(1990−),男,博士,研究方向:食品加工与保鲜,E-mail:

Effect of Drying Methods on Drying Efficiency and Quality of Kiwifruit Slices
Zhenbin LIU1, 2 , Linghan KONG1, 2, Zilin CHANG1, 2, Jia LUO1, 2, Linlin LI3, Wenchao LIU3, Hongbo LI1, 2, Liangbin HU1, Dan XU1, Lu TIAN1, Lishan YAO1, Xiaolin ZHU1, Jiayi ZHANG1, Haizhen MO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
  • 2Shaanxi Agricultural Products Processing Technology Research Institute, Xi'an 710021, China
  • 3Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100058
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猕猴桃因营养丰富、风味独特而备受青睐,但其极易腐败变质,需通过优化切片干燥方式来提高干燥效率并兼顾产品品质。本研究以徐香猕猴桃为原料,比较了真空冷冻干燥(FD)、微波真空干燥(MVD)和多相态微波干燥(MMD)三种干燥方式在干燥效率及产品品质方面的差异。分析了干燥曲线、颜色变化、收缩率、质构特性、微型计算机断层扫描(Micro-CT)扫描结果、挥发性风味成分以及营养指标(如维生素C、总酚和总糖含量)。结果表明,FD干燥时间最长(2880 min),但能够较好保持样品的多孔组织结构和整体风味特征;MVD干燥时间为39 min,但由于微波能量分布不均,易产生局部过热,导致综合色差显著增大(ΔE=24.96±4.36)、组织结构塌陷及风味组成失衡;相比之下,MMD通过分阶段调控微波功率与真空环境,将干燥时间缩短至约165 min,其色差值最低(ΔE=8.43±0.56),质构参数与微观结构保持良好。风味分析结果显示,MMD样品与新鲜猕猴桃的挥发性指纹相似度最高(0.81),明显高于FD和MVD,同时维生素C、总酚和总糖含量均处于较高水平,体现出在干燥效率与品质保持之间的最佳综合性能。综上所述,多相态微波干燥在提高干燥效率的同时能保持较好的品质,是猕猴桃果干加工的优选方法,并为果蔬加工技术的优化提供了参考。

猕猴桃  /  多相态微波干燥  /  品质保持  /  风味化合物  /  营养成分

Kiwifruit is highly valued for its nutritional content and distinctive flavor but is prone to rapid deterioration, necessitating efficient drying techniques that preserve product quality. In this study, Xuxiang kiwifruit slices were subjected to vacuum freeze-drying (FD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), and multiphase microwave drying (MMD), and their drying behavior, color, shrinkage, texture, microstructure (Micro-CT), volatile compounds, and nutritional attributes (vitamin C, total phenolics, and total sugars) were systematically compared. FD required the longest drying time (2880 min) but effectively preserved porous microstructure and overall flavor, whereas MVD markedly reduced drying time to 39 min but caused localized overheating, resulting in severe color degradation (ΔE=24.96±4.36), structural collapse, and flavor imbalance. In contrast, MMD achieved a comparable drying time (165 min) through staged regulation of microwave power and vacuum conditions, while exhibiting the lowest color difference (ΔE=8.43±0.56), well-maintained texture and microstructure, the highest volatile profile similarity to fresh kiwifruit (0.81), and superior retention of vitamin C, total phenolics, and total sugars. Overall, multiphase microwave drying demonstrated the best comprehensive performance in balancing drying efficiency and quality preservation, highlighting its potential for high-quality kiwifruit processing.

kiwifruit  /  multiphase microwave drying  /  quality retention  /  flavor compounds  /  nutritional components
刘振彬, 孔令涵, 常紫琳, 罗嘉, 李琳琳, 刘文超, 李红波, 胡梁斌, 徐丹, 田露, 姚丽姗, 朱晓琳, 张珈祎, 莫海珍. 干燥方式对猕猴桃切片干燥效率与品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 60 -68 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100058
Zhenbin LIU, Linghan KONG, Zilin CHANG, Jia LUO, Linlin LI, Wenchao LIU, Hongbo LI, Liangbin HU, Dan XU, Lu TIAN, Lishan YAO, Xiaolin ZHU, Jiayi ZHANG, Haizhen MO. Effect of Drying Methods on Drying Efficiency and Quality of Kiwifruit Slices[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 60 -68 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100058
猕猴桃作为一种富含维生素C、膳食纤维和多种矿物质的水果,由于其独特的风味和丰富的营养价值而深受消费者喜爱[1]。随着现代消费者对便捷、健康食品的需求增加,猕猴桃果干逐渐成为市场上重要的干制水果产品之一[2]。然而,尽管猕猴桃果干具有较长的保存期和便捷的食用方式,传统的干燥方法却常常面临着干燥效率低、品质损失大的问题,尤其是在色泽、质地、挥发性风味物质的保留方面[3]。为了克服这些缺点,探索出一种既能高效完成干燥过程,又能最大限度保持猕猴桃原有风味和营养成分的技术成为当今食品加工领域的研究重点。
近年来,猕猴桃果干干燥技术的研究主要围绕在提高干燥效率与保持产品品质之间寻找平衡,但现有技术仍存在明显不足。真空冷冻干燥(FD)虽然能在低温真空条件下以升华方式温和去除水分,较好地保持猕猴桃的营养成分和挥发性风味物质,但干燥周期长、能耗高,难以满足工业化生产需求[4]。微波真空干燥(MVD)可通过微波快速加热显著缩短干燥时间,提高生产效率,但其快速升温过程易造成热敏和挥发性风味物质的破坏,影响果干的香气、色泽和质构[5]。为解决FD与MVD在品质保持与效率提升之间的矛盾,多相态微波干燥(MMD)技术作为一种新兴手段逐渐受到关注。该技术通过在初期采用低温升华保护细胞结构、减少风味损失,随后利用微波加热快速蒸发水分,从根本上实现了干燥效率与品质保持的兼顾[6]。MMD技术的核心优势在于,水分迁移更均匀、风味与营养保留率更高,同时避免了长时间干燥导致的品质劣变[7]。因此,在猕猴桃果干加工中系统比较FD、MVD与MMD三种方式的品质差异及其作用机理,不仅具有重要的研究意义,也为构建高品质、高效率的创新型猕猴桃切片干燥技术体系提供了现实必要性和理论价值[8]。
本研究旨在通过比较不同干燥方式(包括FD、MMD、MVD)对猕猴桃果干品质的影响,重点评估多相态微波干燥技术在色泽、质构、收缩率、挥发性风味物质以及关键成分的保留等方面的优势。希望通过这项研究,能够为猕猴桃果干加工提供更加高效、环保的技术方案,进一步推动多相态微波干燥技术在果品加工领域的应用与发展。
徐香猕猴桃 河南省大张超市;柠檬酸溶液 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;VC检测试剂盒、总糖含量检测试剂盒、总酚含量检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
多相态微波干燥机 实验室自研;GIPP4000真空冷冻干燥机 上海吉普电子科技有限公司;JBL-300微波真空干燥机 南京金百利微波设备有限公司;TA.XT Plus物性测试仪 英国Stable Micro Systems公司;Agilent 7890B气相色谱-质谱联用仪 深圳市华誉检测有限公司;Agilent HP-5MS毛细管柱 安捷伦科技有限公司;CR-400手持色差仪 柯尼卡美能达(中国)投资有限公司;NanoVoxel-1000高分辨率台式Micro-CT 天津三英精密仪器股份有限公司。
选择肉质坚实、大小均一,成熟度一致,无机械损伤、病虫害的新鲜徐香猕猴桃为原料。将挑选后清洗干净的猕猴桃沥干去皮,切成厚度为5~7 mm的薄片,使用1%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡0.5 h进行护色,护色后洗净沥干水分备用[9]。
多相态微波干燥(MMD):过程涉及到固体、液体和气相中的质量、热量和动量的传递。整个干燥过程由压力控制,使脱水机制从升华转变为蒸发(图1)。猕猴桃果片预冻8 h(−20 ℃),冷阱温度设置为−35 ℃。干燥室压力设置为升华压力(150 Pa)用于微波冷冻干燥,允许材料中的一部分水分从冰升华为水蒸气。当内部温度达到−3 ℃时,将压力调节到蒸发水分的工作压力(3 kPa)。剩下的冰晶将融化成水,并继续蒸发。将两侧的微波功率设置为110 W(0.4 W/g),当相邻两次称量(间隔30 min)质量变化小于1%,判定猕猴桃果干达到干燥终点[7]。
真空冷冻干燥(FD):猕猴桃果片预冻(−20 ℃)8 h,然后在冷冻干燥机中干燥。分两个阶段:阶段1在−25 ℃,100 Pa真空下保持8 h;阶段2在20 ℃和50 Pa真空下保持16 h,当相邻两次称量(间隔30 min)质量变化小于1%,判定猕猴桃达到干燥终点。
微波真空干燥(MVD):猕猴桃果片在微波干燥机中在55 ℃,300 W微波功率,−0.097 MPa真空条件下,当相邻两次称量(间隔30 min)质量变化小于1%,判定猕猴桃果干达到干燥终点。
采用烘箱干燥法测定猕猴桃果干干燥过程中水分含量[10]。样品放入105 ℃电热烘箱中,每60 min监测一次重量,直到记录到恒定的重量。在此基础上绘制了干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线(DR,g/h)。平行测定8次。
$\rm MC=\frac{M_t-M_d}{M_d}$
$ \mathrm{DR}=\frac{{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{t}}-{\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{t}+\text{Δt}}}{\text{Δt}} $
式中,MC为猕猴桃切片的含水量;Mt为样品在干燥时间t时的样品质量;Md为样品烘干至恒重时的质量;Wt和Wt+Δt是指水分含量(g/g D.B.)分别在干燥时间t和t+Δt时。
采用CR-400手持色差仪测定样品和校正白板的色泽,记录L*、a*和b*值,并计算ΔE值[11],计算公式如下:
$ \Delta E=\sqrt{{\left({L}^{\text{*}}-{L}^{0}\right)}^{2}+{\left({a}^{\text{*}}-{a}^{0}\right)}^{2}+{\left({b}^{\text{*}}-{b}^{0}\right)}^{2}} $
式中,L0、a0和b0表示新鲜猕猴桃果干颜色值,分别对应于亮度、红色(红/绿)和黄色(黄/蓝)。同样,L*、a*和b*表示不同干燥方法下猕猴桃果干颜色值。ΔE表示果干和新鲜猕猴桃果片在不同干燥条件下的色差。
对干燥前后的猕猴桃果干测定了收缩率。每个样品都测量五次,结果取平均值。计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{Sr}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{L}}_{0}-{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{t}}}{{\mathrm{L}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,Lt代表干燥后猕猴桃果干的直径(mm),L0代表干燥前猕猴桃果干的直径(mm)。
使用物性测试仪对果干硬度、韧性和咀嚼性进行测定,测试探头为P/2探头,触发力5.0 g,测试前速度1.0 mm/s,测试速度1.0 mm/s,测试后速度10.0 mm/s。每个样品选取3个测定位点,每个处理选取6个平行。
干燥后将样品切成1 cm3的小块,并使用高分辨率透射成像Micro-CT系统进行计算机三维断层扫描[6]。扫描参数通过NanoVoxelScan软件配置,电压设置为35000 V,电流设置为150 μA,曝光时间设置为1 s,图像平均设置为10帧。源到探测器距离(SDD)固定为0.2373 m。进行快速DR扫描以捕获无样品的二维背景图像,该图像随后用于校正扫描样品的灰度值。将样品放置在设备的样品台上,源到物体距离(SOD)调整为0.0860 m,图像像素尺寸为30.83 μm。确定旋转中心后图像平均减少到2帧,帧采集率设置为720帧/s。使用之前捕获的背景去除伪影,在校正后的CT图像中,样品密度较低的区域灰度值较低,而高密度区域灰度值较高。将CT扫描数据导入VoxelstudioRecon软件,将二维断层图像重建为三维立方体模型。重建参数(包括探测器水平偏移和偏转角)会自动调整。窗口宽度设置为1.2,重建尺寸配置为1100×1100×1100体素,从而得到样品的三维图像。
根据Tian等[12]方法略作修改,使用固相微萃取对样品中的挥发性化合物进行萃取。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用系统。色谱柱为Agilent HP-5MS毛细管柱(30 m×250 μm×0.25 μm,5%苯基-甲基聚硅氧烷固定相)。色谱条件:进样口温度为250 ℃,采用不分流进样模式,进样后1 min开启分流出口,吹扫流量设定为5 mL/min。进样压力为7.07 psi,总流速9 mL/min,隔垫吹扫流量为3 mL/min。柱温初始温度40 ℃,保持5 min;以5 ℃/min升至70 ℃,保持2 min;再以5 ℃/min升至150 ℃;最后以25 ℃/min升至230 ℃,保持7.8 min。总运行时间为40 min。色谱柱流速为1 mL/min(恒定流速模式),平衡时间为0.25 min。传输线温度设置为200 ℃。质谱条件:质谱离子源温度为230 ℃,四极杆温度为150 ℃。采集方式为全扫描(Full Scan),质量扫描范围为m/z 20~500。电离模式为电子轰击电离(EI),电子倍增器电压为相对模式,实际电压值为1624 V。溶剂延迟设置为0 min。
为比较不同干燥方式下猕猴桃果干挥发性成分与新鲜样品的整体接近程度,本研究采用全谱余弦相似度(Cosine Similarity)进行定量评价[13]。将各处理组与新鲜样品的GC–MS检出化合物名称取并集,建立统一的化合物列表。随后,以各化合物在样品中的峰面积构建高维向量,缺失值以0填充。余弦相似度的计算公式为:
$\mathrm{Cosine}~\mathrm{Similarity}(\mathrm{A},\mathrm{B})=\frac{\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{n}}\,{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{i}}\times {\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{i}}}{\sqrt{\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{n}}\,\mathrm{A}_{\mathrm{i}}^{2}}\times \sqrt{\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{n}}\,\mathrm{B}_{\mathrm{i}}^{2}}} $
式中,Ai与Bi分别表示样品A与B在第i个化合物上的峰面积。数值越大表明两组样品在整体挥发物指纹上越接近(0~1)。
猕猴桃果干的总糖、总酚和VC含量均采用索莱宝试剂盒进行测定。取约0.1 g猕猴桃果干样品,按照试剂盒说明书进行提取和显色反应处理。各指标均通过比色法测定样品提取液的吸光度值,并结合相应标准曲线计算其含量。
使用SPSS26(IBM)进行数据分析,结果为三次重复的平均值±标准差。经方差分析和邓肯检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在Origin(2021)中绘制图片,并在R(4.4.3)中进行热图分析。
研究干燥曲线有助于了解不同干燥技术的作用机制及其对干燥效率的影响规律,并评估效率。不同干燥方式下猕猴桃切片干燥曲线如图2。FD通过冻结和升华移除水分,由于升华形成多孔结构,产品质地更疏松酥脆、复水性更好,表现为水分下降缓慢,干燥时间最长(2880 min),但是FD能最大限度保留猕猴桃切片的原始颜色、香气与营养成分,并避免高温造成的褐变、氧化和结构破坏,使产品在口感、外观和复水性上都更接近新鲜果,整体品质更稳定、更优良[14]。相比之下,MMD结合了真空冷冻干燥与微波加热内部快速加热、促进水分高效迁移和保持结构稳定,从而显著提升干燥速度并改善干燥品质的优势,通过冷冻过程固定物料结构和成分,然后利用微波加速冰晶升华以及后续蒸发。相比较于传统的热风干燥(30 h)[15]或是脉冲真空干燥(7.2 h)[16],MMD时间为165 min,大幅缩短了干燥时间。MMD的水分变化曲线与MVD的水分变化曲线相似[7],共同展现出微波干燥水分降低先慢后快的规律。而MVD在39 min时完成干燥,这与Tian等[17]结果相似。MMD方法结合了真空冷冻和微波的优势,减少了微波对物料的损伤。MMD显示出其在干燥效率上的优势,并且冷冻特性还减少了微波干燥带来的过热问题。因此MMD能够结合微波和冷冻干燥的优点,是一种兼顾效率与产品质量的理想干燥方式。
猕猴桃果干的质量特性是衡量其加工方式和最终产品品质的重要依据(图3)。颜色的均匀性和适宜的质地紧实度体现了干燥工艺的控制效果[18]。表1展示了不同干燥方式下的猕猴桃果干颜色特征,其中鲜样的a*值为最大,与鲜样相比,各干燥处理样品的L*、a*、b*值均发生不同程度变化,表明干燥过程对猕猴桃果干色泽具有显著影响。从综合色差ΔE值来看,不同干燥方式对猕猴桃果干颜色的影响程度存在明显差异,其中,FD样品的ΔE值最高,与其他组相比差异显著(P<0.05);MMD样品的ΔE值最低,其色泽最接近鲜样。真空冷冻干燥过程中,样品经历冻结及升华脱水阶段,在低温、低氧及较长干燥时间条件下,猕猴桃果干中的叶绿素及维生素C等抗氧化物质可能发生不同程度的降解以及糖分结晶,导致绿色色素含量降低[19],从而使产品颜色变浅、偏白(图3A),表现为较大的ΔE值。MVD样品的ΔE次之,尤其是在干燥温度较高或干燥时间较长时,色素降解更为明显[20](图3C)。此外由于真空冷冻干燥过程中的低温、低氧和低水分环境,酶促褐变通常受到显著抑制,因此真空冷冻干燥能最大限度保留的原始形状特性与色泽[21]。真空微波干燥的高温会显著触发非酶促褐变和局部过热,并且果干皱缩明显,导致表面硬化和局部过热现象[22]。而MMD由于低温冷冻升华前期抑制了褐变,从而拥有较低的ΔE值,并且样貌优于真空微波干燥。
猕猴桃果干在干燥过程中发生的收缩行为可反映其内部组织结构的变化程度。一般而言,较低的收缩率表明细胞壁及孔隙结构保持较好,而较高的收缩率则意味着组织塌陷和结构破坏较为严重[23]。如图4所示,不同干燥方式处理后猕猴桃果干的收缩率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,FD样品的收缩率最低,表明该方法对果干组织结构的保持效果最佳;多相态微波干燥样品的收缩率处于中等水平,其收缩程度显著低于微波真空干燥样品(P<0.05),但高于真空冷冻干燥样品;MVD干燥样品的收缩率最高,显示其对组织结构破坏最为明显。真空冷冻干燥过程中,样品在冻结状态下完成水分升华,能够有效维持细胞壁完整性和孔隙网络结构,从而显著降低干燥收缩。这一结果与Ando等[24]的研究结论一致。MMD结合了前期冷冻阶段对组织结构的保护作用以及后期微波干燥的快速脱水特性,在一定程度上抑制了组织塌陷,使果干在保持较低收缩率的同时提高了干燥效率[6]。相比之下,MVD过程中,虽然真空环境降低了水分沸点,但微波加热易引起局部快速升温和不均匀传热,导致组织内部应力集中,细胞结构发生塌陷,孔隙网络遭到破坏,从而表现出较高的收缩率[25]。
干燥后猕猴桃果干的质构特性是评估其品质、口感和消费者体验的重要依据。通过系统的质构分析和感官评价,可以有效指导工艺优化和产品开发,提升市场竞争力[15,26]。图5A展示了猕猴桃果干的硬度因干燥方式的差异而显著不同(P<0.05),其中MMD后猕猴桃果干的硬度较高,细胞结构紧凑,这增强了贮藏和运输过程中的物理稳定性[27]。而MVD后硬度最低,结合实际干燥后形貌,认为微波干燥中造成的局部过热导致糖分加热后与果胶、纤维素等细胞壁成分相互作用,促进细胞壁多糖的溶解和降解[28],尤其在高温时更为明显。这会导致细胞壁结构松散质地变软[29]。在弹性分析方面(图5B),FD方法的弹性最高,显著高于所有干燥方法(P<0.05),表明细胞壁结构完整对弹性具有重要作用[30]。而鲜样与微波真空干燥方法的弹性结果相似。图5C表明多相态微波干燥方法的猕猴桃果干咀嚼性表现优于其他方法(P<0.05),MMD能更好地控制水分梯度,避免中心与边缘水分差异过大,减少因局部过度干燥导致的脆硬或塌陷,从而提升整体咀嚼性。因此MMD在猕猴桃果干质构特性上表现出优势,咀嚼性最高,弹性适中,结构均匀,综合品质优于其他干燥方法。
对干燥后的猕猴桃果干进行Micro-CT扫描,可无损获取其内部三维微观结构和密度分布,从而观察孔隙率、孔径大小、组织收缩和塌陷等变化[31]。这些数据可用于评估不同干燥工艺对组织的影响并为果干的质地、口感及加工参数优化提供科学依据[32]。从图6的Micro-CT成像结果可以看出,不同干燥方式对猕猴桃内部微观结构的影响显著。新鲜样品(FRESH)组织完整、结构致密,几乎没有明显孔隙。FD样品内部多为细小而均匀的孔隙,细胞轮廓依然较为清晰,说明该方法能较好保持组织结构。相比之下MVD样品中出现了大量较大孔隙和蜂窝状结构,细胞间隙显著扩大,伴随局部塌陷和断裂,这是因为在真空条件下微波加热会使内部水分快速汽化并形成蒸汽驱动的孔隙扩展[33]。而MMD的样品展示出较为均匀的空隙结构,这也和上述质构特征咀嚼性结果一致。总体而言,FD干燥有利于维持细胞结构的完整性,而MMD与MVD则更易产生疏松多孔的质构,这种结构差异不仅影响干燥过程中的传质效率,也会直接关系到最终果干的质地、复水性能和感官品质。
不同干燥方式对猕猴桃果干挥发性化合物的影响揭示了干燥工艺对猕猴桃果干风味和品质如图7。根据GC-MS数据分析,不同干燥方式对猕猴桃果干中的挥发性化合物具有显著影响。与新鲜样品相比,MMD表现出卓越的风味保真度,其挥发性谱图与新鲜样品最为接近,如庚醛(heptanal)、E-2-庚烯醛(E-2-Heptenal)等在MMD中保持较高水平,这一结果与Domin等[34]关于猕猴桃果干冷冻干燥在低温升华过程中较好保护芳香物质的结果一致,表明其低温真空脱水机制能有效抑制热敏性芳香物质的挥发与分解,最大限度地锁住了猕猴桃果干的原始清香[19]。然而,两种涉及微波的干燥方式则引发了更为复杂的化学变化:MVD 主要导致了以 2-己烯醛为代表的醛类等脂肪酸氧化衍生化合物的剧烈增长;相比之下,另一种由脂肪酸氧化衍生的醇类化合物(如1-辛烯-3-醇)则在MMD处理中表现出显著更高的丰度,这与Ping等[35]关于猕猴桃果干微波真空干燥中细胞结构快速破裂、易触发氧化反应的结论一致,原因可能是微波效应在快速破坏细胞结构的同时,强烈激活了脂质氧化途径[36],虽保留了部分萜烯[37−38],但最终形成了以强烈青草味和蘑菇味为主导的、与新鲜风味迥异的化合物谱系。以新鲜猕猴桃为基准构建并比较四组样品的全谱余弦相似度,MMD与新鲜猕猴桃的相似度最高(81%),表明多相态微波干燥最接近新鲜样品的整体挥发指纹。其次从关键风味簇看,以hexanal,hexanol和hexen统摄的C6绿色叶片类挥发物(GLVs)在新鲜猕猴桃中占比为5.77%,MMD方法提升到18.93%,显示适度强化清新或青草气味的特征,而MVD的GLVs占比高达78.96%,谱图被少数C6组分占据,导致风味结构明显失衡;核心标志物己醛在新鲜猕猴桃、真空冷冻干燥、微波真空干燥、多相态微波干燥中的峰面积占比分别为2.37%,5.94%,4.16%和8.95%。MMD的己醛虽被强化,但仍配合较高比例的醇与烯烃同类物;相较之下,MVD的GLVs过度集中,易带来单一、生青的感官偏向。从谱图集中度与多样性衡量,前十化合物覆盖率在所有样品中分别为52.78%,63.16%,85.55%和55.67%,MVD的头部集中度最高,提示风味层次被压扁;而MMD的集中度仅55.67%,兼顾了主导性与多样性。
综合比较结果(图8)可以看出,MMD在保持新鲜样品风味方面表现最佳:其与新鲜样品相似度最高,关键C6类化合物增强(GLVs 18.93%,己醛8.95%),既强化青草气息又避免失衡;同时物种数丰富、层次完整,且硅氧烷背景最低、芳香烃结构更接近新鲜样品,相较之下微波真空干燥风味过于单一。整体而言,MMD是最佳的干燥工艺,兼具风味保持与品质优势。
不同干燥方式对猕猴桃果干的营养品质表现出显著影响(图9)。在维生素C方面,MMD样品的含量最高,显著高于真空冷冻干燥和鲜样(P<0.05),因此说明MMD能够在较低温度以及较短时间的条件下,有效抑制氧化反应[39],从而减少维生素C的降解;而微波真空干燥则因可能存在局部过热和较强氧化作用[40],使维生素C保存效果不理想。总酚含量方面,新鲜猕猴桃果片最低(在猕猴桃鲜样中含量为1.5 mg/g),经干燥处理后均有显著升高(P<0.05),其中微波真空与多相态微波处理的样品含量在猕猴桃果干物质中均超过5 mg/g,这可能归因于微波作用下细胞结构的快速破裂和结合态酚类物质的释放[41],同时较短的干燥周期降低了酚类化合物的降解风险。总糖含量的变化也表现出类似规律,MMD处理的样品含量最高,显著高于FD和MVD处理(P<0.05),这一方面源于水分的快速蒸发导致糖分浓缩,另一方面也可能与微波能量促进部分多糖向可溶性小分子糖转化有关[42−43]。综合来看,MMD在维生素C、总酚及总糖三方面均表现最优,既能最大程度保留营养成分,又能通过结构破坏与转化作用提高活性物质水平;FD在保持总糖含量上具有一定优势,但总酚含量保留有限;MVD则在总酚含量上接近最佳,但维生素C和总糖表现一般。由此可见,MMD不仅兼顾营养保持与成分富集,而且在加工效率上更具优势。
本研究通过对FD、MVD及MMD工艺下猕猴桃果干的干燥特性、色差、组织结构、质构参数、挥发性风味物质及营养成分等进行系统比较与分析的基础上表明,MMD在兼顾干燥效率与产品品质方面具有显著综合优势:一方面,相较于干燥时间较长但品质较优的FD以及虽具高效率却容易导致局部过热、色泽劣变和组织塌陷的MVD,MMD通过优化能量分布与传递过程,有效降低了收缩率和结构破坏程度,使果干在色泽、质构及挥发性风味特征上更接近新鲜样品,并在维生素C、总酚和总糖等关键营养指标上表现更为优越;另一方面,该结果与已有关于微波干燥存在风味单一化和营养损失的研究形成对比,从而为MMD在果品干燥机理层面(如组织结构保持、风味成分迁移与转化规律、能量作用模式等)的进一步阐释提供了新的实证支撑,丰富了多相态微波干燥技术在果品干制领域的基础研究,为构建兼顾效率与品质的干燥过程调控理论提供参考,为猕猴桃果干加工工艺优化及相关果蔬产品的绿色高效干制提供了可行技术方法,对推动多相态微波干燥技术在果蔬深加工产业中的推广应用具有重要指导意义。但同时,本研究仍存在一定局限性,例如多相态切换策略、功率动态调控与品质响应之间的定量关系尚未系统揭示,不同品种果蔬及规模化生产条件下的能耗与经济性评价亦有待深入探讨;未来可在工艺参数精细化优化、设备结构与控制模式改进、多品类适用性验证以及产业化应用评估等方向展开进一步研究,以全面发挥多相态微波干燥技术在果蔬干制领域的潜在优势。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100058
  • 接收时间:2025-10-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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    1陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西西安 710021
    2陕西农产品加工技术研究院,陕西西安 710021
    3河南科技大学,河南洛阳 471000

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莫海珍(1972−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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