Article(id=1320880816427745577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760112000000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852127414, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852127414, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852127414, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852127414, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=478, endPage=484, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880816654237994, articleId=1320880816427745577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Exogenous NO Mediates Energy Metabolism and Affects the Storage Quality of Winter Jujube Fruits, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the aim of investigating the effects of nitric oxide (NO) treatment on the quality of postharvest winter jujube fruits, winter jujube fruits at the white-ripe stage were selected as experimental materials. The fruits were treated with 50 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) solution through vacuum infiltration (soaked for 5 min at 0.01 MPa and then for 10 min at atmospheric pressure), with distilled water treatment as the control. The fruits were stored in a storage room with a temperature of 20±1 ℃ and a relative humidity of 90% to 95%. The quality and energy metabolism-related indicators were regularly determined. The results showed that 50 μmol/L NO could significantly increase the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, cytochrome oxidase (CCO), citrate synthase (CS), aconitase (ACO), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) compared with control group (P<0.05). This treatment also maintained a higher adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, inhibited the increase in cell membrane permeability, and suppressed the progression of fruit coloration during storage. In conclusion, the treatment with 50 μmol/L NO solution can maintain a higher energy level and cell membrane integrity by regulating key enzymes of energy metabolism, and preserve the storage quality of winter jujube fruits. The research results can provide theoretical references for the application of postharvest storage quality of winter jujube.

, authors=Yaqing FAN, Xuan ZHU*, Yating ZHAO*, Xinqi ZHANG, Yingjie WU, Xuan ZHANG, authorsList=Yaqing FAN, Xuan ZHU, Yating ZHAO, Xinqi ZHANG, Yingjie WU, Xuan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuan ZHU, Yating ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880819435061557, articleId=1320880816427745577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=外源NO介导能量代谢影响冬枣果实贮藏品质, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)处理对采后冬枣果实品质的影响,选取白熟期冬枣果实,用50 μmol/L的硝普钠(NO供体)溶液进行减压渗透处理(0.01 MPa下浸泡5 min,常压下浸泡10 min),以蒸馏水处理作为对照。将果实放入温度为20±1 ℃、相对湿度保持在90%~95%的贮藏库中进行贮藏,定期测定品质及能量代谢相关指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,50 μmol/L NO处理显著提高果实中琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)、H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、细胞色素氧化酶(Cytochrome oxidase,CCO)、柠檬酸合酶(Citrate synthase,CS)、乌头酸酶(Aconitase,ACO)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(Isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶(Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,α-KGDH)的活性(P<0.05),维持了较高的三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)含量,抑制冬枣果实转色和细胞膜渗透率的上升,延缓了冬枣果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的下降。综上所述,50 μmol/L NO处理能够通过调节能量代谢关键酶,维持较高的能量水平和细胞膜的完整性,保持冬枣果实的贮藏品质。研究结果可为采后冬枣贮藏品质方面的应用提供理论参考。

, authors=范雅青, 朱璇*, 赵亚婷*, 张新祺, 吴颖颉, 张璇, authorsList=范雅青, 朱璇, 赵亚婷, 张新祺, 吴颖颉, 张璇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱璇, 赵亚婷, authorNote=

范雅青(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱璇(1971−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:。
赵亚婷(1989−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:。
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注:图中“*”表示相同贮藏时间下处理组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);图3~图5同。

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外源NO介导能量代谢影响冬枣果实贮藏品质
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范雅青 , 朱璇 * , 赵亚婷 * , 张新祺 , 吴颖颉 , 张璇
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(17): 478-484
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (17) : 478 -484
外源NO介导能量代谢影响冬枣果实贮藏品质
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范雅青 , 朱璇* , 赵亚婷* , 张新祺, 吴颖颉, 张璇
作者信息
  • 新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
通讯作者:
朱璇(1971−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:。
赵亚婷(1989−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

范雅青(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:

Exogenous NO Mediates Energy Metabolism and Affects the Storage Quality of Winter Jujube Fruits
Yaqing FAN , Xuan ZHU* , Yating ZHAO* , Xinqi ZHANG, Yingjie WU, Xuan ZHANG
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100051
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为探究一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)处理对采后冬枣果实品质的影响,选取白熟期冬枣果实,用50 μmol/L的硝普钠(NO供体)溶液进行减压渗透处理(0.01 MPa下浸泡5 min,常压下浸泡10 min),以蒸馏水处理作为对照。将果实放入温度为20±1 ℃、相对湿度保持在90%~95%的贮藏库中进行贮藏,定期测定品质及能量代谢相关指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,50 μmol/L NO处理显著提高果实中琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)、H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、细胞色素氧化酶(Cytochrome oxidase,CCO)、柠檬酸合酶(Citrate synthase,CS)、乌头酸酶(Aconitase,ACO)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(Isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶(Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,α-KGDH)的活性(P<0.05),维持了较高的三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)含量,抑制冬枣果实转色和细胞膜渗透率的上升,延缓了冬枣果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的下降。综上所述,50 μmol/L NO处理能够通过调节能量代谢关键酶,维持较高的能量水平和细胞膜的完整性,保持冬枣果实的贮藏品质。研究结果可为采后冬枣贮藏品质方面的应用提供理论参考。

冬枣  /  一氧化氮  /  能量代谢  /  贮藏品质

With the aim of investigating the effects of nitric oxide (NO) treatment on the quality of postharvest winter jujube fruits, winter jujube fruits at the white-ripe stage were selected as experimental materials. The fruits were treated with 50 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (NO donor) solution through vacuum infiltration (soaked for 5 min at 0.01 MPa and then for 10 min at atmospheric pressure), with distilled water treatment as the control. The fruits were stored in a storage room with a temperature of 20±1 ℃ and a relative humidity of 90% to 95%. The quality and energy metabolism-related indicators were regularly determined. The results showed that 50 μmol/L NO could significantly increase the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, cytochrome oxidase (CCO), citrate synthase (CS), aconitase (ACO), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) compared with control group (P<0.05). This treatment also maintained a higher adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, inhibited the increase in cell membrane permeability, and suppressed the progression of fruit coloration during storage. In conclusion, the treatment with 50 μmol/L NO solution can maintain a higher energy level and cell membrane integrity by regulating key enzymes of energy metabolism, and preserve the storage quality of winter jujube fruits. The research results can provide theoretical references for the application of postharvest storage quality of winter jujube.

winter jujube  /  nitric oxide  /  energy metabolism  /  storage quality
范雅青, 朱璇, 赵亚婷, 张新祺, 吴颖颉, 张璇. 外源NO介导能量代谢影响冬枣果实贮藏品质. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 478 -484 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100051
Yaqing FAN, Xuan ZHU, Yating ZHAO, Xinqi ZHANG, Yingjie WU, Xuan ZHANG. Exogenous NO Mediates Energy Metabolism and Affects the Storage Quality of Winter Jujube Fruits[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 478 -484 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100051
冬枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao)是鼠李科枣属植物[1],冬枣皮薄多汁,是我国特有的一种鲜食枣种[2]。冬枣具有较高的营养价值,作为一种保健食品深受消费者青睐[3]。但是冬枣果实存在采收期集中、采收量大、货架期短等问题,采收后,还容易出现脱水、皱缩、软化等品质劣变现象,严重降低了果实的食用品质和商品价值[1],限制了冬枣的市场供应[4]。因此,本研究旨在明确冬枣果实采后贮藏过程中的品质和能量代谢变化规律,对于深入探究冬枣果实采后贮藏技术具有重要的意义。
已有的研究结果显示,采后果蔬品质劣变主要与机体的组织能量不足有关,提高采后果蔬贮藏期间的能量供给可以有效减轻由于能量亏缺引发的胁迫,影响采后果蔬的贮藏品质[5]。当细胞三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)合成能力下降,果蔬组织因能量供应不足而出现功能紊乱和代谢失调,导致细胞膜结构被破坏、膜系统功能丧失,从而造成不可逆的细胞损伤,加速采后果蔬的衰老和品质劣变[6]。外源磷酸三钠处理采后苹果[7]和硫化氢处理的桃[8],均可使果实保持较高的ATP含量和能荷水平,抑制果实抗坏血酸、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量的下降,保持果实的贮藏品质。研究发现,硫化氢处理鲜切苹果在贮藏期间通过保持较高ATP含量,降低细胞膜通透性维持细胞膜的完整性,抑制果实的褐变[9]。张新宪等[10]研究发现1-MCP处理可以使油桃果实保持较高的ATP、二磷酸腺苷(Adenosine diphosphate,ADP)含量及能荷水平,降低桃果的呼吸强度,延缓可溶性固形物的下降,维持油桃的贮藏品质。这些结果说明,采后处理维持的能量稳态对于调控采后果实品质劣变具有重要作用。
一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)是一种生物活性小分子,能通过生物膜迅速扩散[11]。作为植物体内一种能够参与多种生理过程的关键信号分子[12],NO能够延缓果蔬组织的衰老进程,在调控采后果实品质和抗胁迫中发挥着重要作用[13]。NO对植物生理代谢过程的调节已引起学者的广泛关注。研究表明,外源NO处理莲雾,可以维持较高的H+-ATPase和Ca2+-ATPase活性,保持较高的能量水平,抑制果实硬度、可溶性固形物(Soluble solids content,SSC)和可滴定酸(Titratable acidity,TA)含量的上升,延缓果实絮状绵软组织的扩大[14]。Ren等[15]在桃果实上研究发现外源NO处理可以提高柠檬酸合酶(Citrate synthase,CS)、乌头酸酶(aconitase,ACO)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(Isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶(Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,α-KGDH)和ATP酶活性,使果实保持较高ATP含量,维持了果实贮藏期间的硬度,延缓了果实软化。综上,NO可以作为信使分子参与能量代谢,维持细胞膜的稳定性,调控果实采后贮藏品质[16]。
目前NO对果实采后贮藏的研究已取得显著进展,但外源NO的浓度、使用的方式和供体、果实的种类和成熟度等都会影响它的有益或有害的效应[12]。而关于冬枣采后能量代谢的报道较少,NO是否能通过调控能量代谢,保持冬枣果实贮藏品质未见相关研究。因此,本课题以NO减压渗透处理,探究NO通过能量代谢调控冬枣采后品质劣变的作用机理,以期为冬枣贮藏保鲜技术研究提供新思路与理论基础。
冬枣 于2024年9月21日采收,新疆维吾尔自治区图木舒克市白熟期的冬枣。采摘后,立即运回新疆农业大学20±1 ℃常温库进行处理。由于新疆冬枣采收期集中、采收量大,加之受冷藏设施数量的限制,采后进入冷库前,以及在销售、消费环节,常常会经历一个短期的常温贮藏阶段,但却是果实品质发生急剧变化的关键时期。本研究选择20±1 ℃作为贮藏温度,旨在研究NO在常温条件下对冬枣采后贮藏效果的影响,以期更全面揭示外源NO处理在果蔬品质劣变阶段所起的保鲜作用及其生理机制。挑选出无机械伤害、病虫害侵害且大小均匀、成熟度一致(果实硬度为13.80±0.60 N,可溶性固形物17.70%~19.30%)的冬枣作为后续实验的材料;硝普钠 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;75%酒精 江苏英科医疗制品有限公司;0.9%氯化钠 西安京双鹤药业有限公司;琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)活性检测、α-KGDH活性检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;ATP含量检测、ADP含量检测、单磷酸腺苷(Adenosine monophosphate,AMP)含量检测、细胞色素氧化酶(Cytochrome oxidase,CCO)活性检测、Ca2+-ATPase活性检测、H+-ATPase活性检测、CS活性检测、ACO活性检测、IDH活性检测试剂盒 上海依赫生物科技有限公司。
5810 R高速冷冻离心机 艾本德(上海)实验室科技有限公司;5810 R紫外分光光度计 青岛聚创世纪环保科技有限公司;HB-III循环水式多用真空泵 郑州长城科工贸有限公司;YG-4硬度计 浙江艾德堡仪器公司;PAL-BX ACID F5型糖酸度计 ATAGO(爱拓)中国分公司;A11高速粉碎研磨机 精艺兴业科技有限公司;HH-4恒温水浴锅 江苏常州金坛良友仪器有限公司;DNM-9602酶标仪 北京普朗欣仪器有限公司。
根据预实验的研究结果,将冬枣果实随机分为两组处理,采用50 μmol/L硝普钠(NO供体)溶液进行减压渗透处理,将冬枣果实浸入到装有溶液的真空干燥器中,在0.01 MPa条件下保持5 min,然后放入空气,让果实在常压条件下继续浸泡10 min,取出自然晾干。在相同条件下,以蒸馏水减压渗透处理用作对照。每个处理设置3组重复,处理结束后,将冬枣果实转入20±1 ℃,相对湿度90%~95%的条件下贮藏20 d,在0、4、8、12、16、20 d测定品质指标并取样,将果实经液氮冷冻处理后,于−80 ℃冰箱保存备用。
随机选取每个处理组中的15个冬枣果实。用GY-4型果实硬度计测定硬度。去除赤道两侧的果皮后,通过硬度计测定硬度,每个样品选取两个点进行测定,结果取其平均值并用N表示。
参考曹建康等[17]的方法稍作修改。取8片冬枣果肉圆片放入试管中,加入20 mL蒸馏水后用电导率仪测定其电导率,记为P1(μs/cm)。将试管摇匀静置30 min后测定其电导率,记为P2(μs/cm)。然后将试管进行15 min沸水浴,待冷却到室温后再次测定其电导率,记为P3(μs/cm),重复3次。细胞膜渗透率计算公式为:
$ \text {细胞膜渗透率}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{P} 2-\mathrm{P} 1}{\mathrm{P} 3-\mathrm{P} 2} \times 100 $
用PAL-BX ACID F5型糖酸度计测定冬枣果实SSC和TA含量,重复三次取其平均值。结果以%表示。
使用双抗体一步夹心法ELISA试剂盒,测定ATP、ADP、AMP含量。称取1.4 g冬枣果肉组织加入2 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液混匀,1000×g离心20 min后取上清液待测,按说明书操作步骤依次加入试剂,在450 nm波长测定样品OD值,计算样品浓度。结果以nmol/g表示。能荷(EC)计算公式为:
$ \text{EC}=\frac{\text{ATP+0.5ADP}}{\text{ATP+ADP+AMP}} $
使用ELISA试剂盒进行测定。称取1.4 g冬枣果肉组织加入2 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液混匀,1000×g离心20 min后取上清液待测,按说明书操作步骤依次加入试剂,在450 nm波长测定样品OD值,计算样品活性,结果以U/g表示。
采用试剂盒测定SDH活性。称取0.2 g冬枣果肉组织并加入1 mL试剂一和10 μL试剂二利用匀浆器确保混合物均匀分布。在设定的4 ℃条件下,11000×g离心10 min,提取上清液。在600 nm波长下记录120 s的初始吸光度值A1,在此基础上进行精确的反应持续1 min,之后再记录同样时长的吸光度值A2。依据公式∆A=A1−A2,可以得出相关的计算结果。
采用ELISA试剂盒测定,结果以U/g表示。
采用ELISA试剂盒测定CS、ACO、IDH活性,称取1.4 g冬枣果肉组织加入2 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液混匀,1000×g离心20 min后取上清液待测,按说明书操作步骤依次加入试剂,在450 nm波长测定样品OD值,计算样品活性,结果以U/g表示。
α-KGDH活性采用试剂盒测定,称取0.2 g冬枣果肉组织,加入1 mL试剂一和10 μL试剂二混匀,4 ℃ 11000×g离心10 min,取上清液待测,依次加入试剂反应,在340 nm处测定样品OD值,计算样品活性,结果以U/g表示。
所有实验均进行三次重复测定,数据用均值±标准差表示。分别使用Origin 2022和SPSS26.0软件进行绘制图和统计学分析。图中*表示在同一贮藏时间不同组别之间统计学分析结果具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
冬枣的果皮颜色一般经过白熟期、半红期以及全红期,采后颜色的变化更是衡量果实后熟衰老和氧化程度的关键指标之一[18]。由图1可知,冬枣采后,果实外观光滑,颜色整体呈黄绿色调。贮藏前期,果皮颜色由绿转黄,随着贮藏时间的延长,对照组果皮上点红变为片红,第12 d对照组果皮红变面积已占整个枣果面积的70%以上,在同一贮藏时间点上,外源NO处理组果实红变程度均低于对照组,结果表明外源NO处理可以延缓果皮红变速率。
硬度、SSC、TA是反映果蔬贮藏品质的关键指标[19]。由图2A所示,随着贮藏时间的延长,冬枣果实硬度均呈下降趋势,整个贮藏期间NO处理的冬枣果实硬度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在贮藏第16 d和20 d时NO处理组硬度分别是对照组的1.24倍、1.09倍(P<0.05)。结果表明NO处理可延缓冬枣果实硬度的下降。
如图2B所示,贮藏期间各组冬枣果实的细胞膜渗透率呈上升趋势,整个贮藏期内对照组均显著高于NO处理组(P<0.05),第16 d和20 d时,NO处理组分别比对照组低31.26%、20.28%(P<0.05)。结果表明NO处理有效延缓冬枣果实细胞膜渗透率的上升。
如图2C所示,NO处理组和对照组均在第8 d时含量达到最大值,贮藏结束时,NO处理组可溶性固形物含量比对照组高6.94%(P<0.05)。结果表明NO处理可以有效维持冬枣果实贮藏期间可溶性固形物含量。
可滴定酸对果实品质同样重要,由图2D可知,冬枣果实可滴定酸含量呈现下降趋势,但NO处理组的数值始终高于对照组。在贮藏期16 d时,NO处理组TA含量是对照组的1.33倍(P<0.05),结果表明,NO处理能够有效延缓采后冬枣可滴定酸含量的下降。
从图3A中可以看出,随着冬枣贮藏时间变长,NO处理组和对照组果实中ATP含量均有降低的趋势。结果表明,在贮藏第8、12和16 d,NO处理组果实的ATP含量较对照组分别提高了8.46%、10.33%和9.70%(P<0.05)。说明NO处理能有效维持较高的ATP水平。
从图3B中可以看出,从贮藏第0 d至12 d,无论是对照组还是NO处理组,冬枣果实中的ADP含量均呈下降趋势。贮藏第8 d和第12 d,NO处理组的果实相较于对照组分别升高了6.01%和7.963%(P<0.05),由此可以看出,NO处理能维持较高的ADP水平。
图3C显示,冬枣果实AMP的含量逐渐上升,在贮藏的第8 d和第16 d,对照组的果实相较于NO处理组分别上升了9.59%和4.80%(P<0.05),这就说明NO处理能在一定程度上控制AMP含量的增加。
图3D显示,两组冬枣果实的EC值均随贮藏时间下降,但NO处理组下降幅度较为平缓。整个贮藏期,对照组的EC值下降了35.97%,而NO处理组的EC值下降了29.51%。4~20 d两组处理之间的EC活性相差较大,差异显著(P<0.05),因此,NO处理能够延缓冬枣果实贮藏期间能荷水平的下降。
如图4A所示,在贮藏期间,无论是对照组还是处理组,冬枣果实中的H+-ATPase活性均呈现下降的趋势。然而,处理组中的H+-ATPase活性在整个贮藏周期中始终保持高于对照组。与对照组相比,处理组的H+-ATPase活性有显著差异(P<0.05)。在储藏的第4 d,处理组的H+-ATPase活性是对照组的1.14倍(P<0.05);第8 d,这一数值为对照组的1.08倍(P<0.05);第16 d,其活性也是对照组的1.08倍(P<0.05)。
图4B是冬枣果实Ca2+-ATPase活性在贮藏过程中的变化趋势。两组贮藏前期Ca2+-ATPase活性有短暂的上升,随后开始下降。在16 d时,NO处理组Ca2+-ATPase活性是对照组的1.46倍(P<0.05)。第20 d时,NO处理组比对照组高73.66%(P<0.05),说明NO处理能够有效增加冬枣果实贮藏期间Ca2+-ATPase活性。
如图4C所示,在贮藏期间SDH活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。在贮藏第8 d,NO处理组果实的SDH活性为77.91 U/g,比同一时期的对照组果实SDH活性高了22.11%(P<0.05)。从第8 d开始,SDH活性随贮藏时间逐渐下降,虽然NO处理组活性也有下降,但下降幅度小于对照组,在第12 d,NO处理组的果实相较于对照组升高了27.99%(P<0.05)。表明NO处理能够有效地维持SDH活性。
如图4D所示,CCO活性总体呈现下降趋势。4~20 d对照组与NO处理组的CCO活性存在显著差异:NO处理组分别是对照组的1.17倍、1.08倍、1.10倍、1.05倍、1.18倍(P<0.05),表明NO能够有效地延缓CCO活性的下降。
由图5A可知,随着贮藏时间延长,CS酶活先升后降,且NO处理组的酶活始终高于对照组。第12 d时,NO处理组酶活性为181.25 U/g,是对照组的1.21倍(P<0.05)。贮藏结束时NO处理组是对照组的1.18倍(P<0.05)。
图5B是冬枣果实在贮藏期间IDH酶活性的变化。两组在贮藏初期均出现短暂上升,随后逐步下降。整个贮藏过程中,NO处理组的酶活性始终明显高于对照组。在8 d时,NO处理组IDH活性是对照组的1.33倍(P<0.05)。12 d时,NO处理组IDH活性比对照组高43.78%(P<0.05)。
由图5C可知,除第16 d外,NO处理组ACO活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。第8、12、20 d时,NO处理组酶活性分别是对照组的1.18倍、1.10倍、1.14倍(P<0.05)。
图5D是冬枣果实α-KGDH活性贮藏过程中的变化趋势。贮藏前期α-KGDH活性先上升,16 d后开始下降。在8 d时,NO处理组α-KGDH活性是对照组的1.29倍(P<0.05)。第20 d时,NO处理组比对照组高15.91%(P<0.05),说明NO处理能够有效增强冬枣果实贮藏期间α-KGDH活性。
采后果蔬作为代谢活跃的生物体,具有快速衰老的特性,并且随着衰老的进行,营养物质发生降解,从而导致果蔬品质劣变[19]。色泽、硬度、SSC、TA是影响果实贮藏期间品质的重要指标,在一定程度上影响消费者的购买欲望[20]。本研究结果表明,与对照组相比,50 μmol/L的NO处理显著抑制了冬枣果实转色和细胞膜渗透率的上升,延缓了冬枣果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的下降;有效延缓果实品质劣变,延长了贮藏期。这与外源NO对香蕉[21]、库尔勒香梨[22]等果实的采后品质的研究结果一致。
细胞内的能量状态是控制果实成熟、衰老和生理紊乱的关键因素,果实细胞膜对维持其正常代谢发挥重要作用[23]。能源枯竭与细胞膜损伤和氧化应激密切相关[24]。研究证实,能量供应不足或能量生产效率下降会触发膜结构完整性的破坏,并导致采后果实的快速衰老和品质劣变[25]。ATP是生物体中最重要的高能磷酸盐化合物[26]。ATP含量和能量状态的变化与植物膜的完整性密切相关,较低的ATP水平会导致脂质过氧化,细胞膜透性增加,加速代谢紊乱[27]。CCO、H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、SDH、CS、ACO、IDH、α-KGDH是能量代谢的关键酶[28],较高的SDH和CCO活性能够保证三羧酸循环顺利进行,在能量代谢中起着至关重要的作用[29]。CS是细胞内多种代谢途径的关键限速酶,可以生产大量ATP[30]。CS催化草酰乙酸与乙酰辅酶A结合生成柠檬酸,而ACO和IDH可逆催化柠檬酸转化为异柠檬酸,并进一步生成α-KGDH,将α-酮戊二酸氧化脱羧生成琥珀酰辅酶A和还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸,琥珀酰辅酶A作为TCA反应中磷酸化的底物,转移高能磷酸基团至ADP生成大量ATP[31]。H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase通过将ATP分解为ADP提供能量[32]。较高的H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase活性有利于维持逆境胁迫下细胞膜结构的完整性[33]。本研究结果可知,外源NO处理显著提升了CCO、H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、SDH、CS、ACO、IDH、α-KGDH等相关酶活性,这有助于促进能量物质合成反应的正常进行[34],保持较高的ATP含量和能荷水平的积累,有利于保持细胞膜的稳定性,显著延长冬枣果实的贮藏期。卢晓婷[35]在黄瓜上采用NO处理也有效控制ATP含量和能荷维持在较高水平,提高能量代谢酶CCO活性,保持了黄瓜品质。任圆圆[36]在桃果实上也发现NO处理促进TCA循环以增强能量代谢,保持了桃果实品质。外源NO处理采后苹果[37]增强CCO、SDH和ATP酶的活性,保持较高ATP含量,降低细胞膜通透性维持细胞膜的完整性,以上实验结果与本实验结果一致。综上,采后果蔬贮藏中维持较高的能量状态,有利于保持细胞膜的完整性,保证果蔬正常生理代谢,延缓果实衰老和品质劣变。
本实验结果表明,50 μmol/L的外源NO处理可以提高SDH、CCO、H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、CS、ACO、IDH及α-KGDH的活性,贮藏结束其酶活性分别是对照组的1.15倍、1.18倍、1.07倍、1.74倍、1.18倍、1.14倍、1.12倍、1.16倍(P<0.05),维持了较高的ATP含量和能量水平,抑制细胞膜渗透率的上升,有效延缓果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的下降,保持冬枣果实的贮藏品质。本研究可为外源NO处理在采后果蔬保鲜的应用上提供思路和参考。但关于外源NO处理调控能量代谢以提升其品质的分子机制尚未深入研究;未来研究将采用转录组学、代谢组学等组学技术,进一步揭示外源NO处理维持冬枣果实品质的分子机制。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025100051
  • 接收时间:2025-10-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-11
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    新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

通讯作者:

朱璇(1971−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:。
赵亚婷(1989−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:果蔬贮藏及物流工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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