Article(id=1320880887206626150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090264, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758556800000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852144289, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852144289, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852144289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852144289, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=515, endPage=526, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880887445701479, articleId=1320880887206626150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=An Integrated Multi-technique Approach to Uncover the Anti-aging Material Basis and Mechanism of Shudi-Yu-Shanyao, a Formula from Medicinal and Edible Herbs, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To elucidate the material basis and mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of Shudi-Yu-Shanyao (SYS), a medicinal-food homologous formula. Methods: Potential SYS actives were screened by oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) criteria, integrating LC-MS, TCMSP retrieval, and literature mining. Network pharmacology was used to identify the core targets/pathways and to construct a component-target-pathway network. Anti-aging efficacy was then evaluated in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Morris water maze. HE stain, biochemical assays, and molecular analyses explored underlying mechanisms. Results: Forty-five active components and 149 core targets were identified. Targets were enriched in aging-related pathways (including cancer and Alzheimer’s disease pathways) and key signaling cascades such as AMPK, p53 and necroptosis. Network topology highlighted five putative key components, they were quercetin, methyl palmitoleate, swertiamarin, palatinose and manninotriose. In vivo, SYS effectively mitigated aging phenotypes and improved cognition: compared with the model group, the medium and high-dose groups showed 225% and 200% more platform crossings; 84.32% and 119.31% longer time in the target quadrant, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01). Renal function improved, with serum creatinine reduced by 10.39% (medium) and 8.45% (high), and blood urea nitrogen reduced by 4.91% (medium) and 3.40% (high) (P<0.0001). Antioxidant capacity increased (SOD activity, compared with the model group, up by 31.49% in serum and 25.26% in kidney), while MDA decreased (serum: 6.47±0.23 to 5.14±0.16 nmol/mg prot; kidney: 18.25±0.31 to 15.15±0.34 nmol/mg prot; P<0.05, P<0.01). SYS downregulated p53, p21, γH2AX, and Bax, while upregulated Bcl-2 in renal tissue (P<0.01). Conclusion: SYS delays aging, with quercetin and other components likely acting via multi-target mechanisms that attenuate DNA damage, enhance antioxidant defenses, modulate Bax/Bcl-2 mediated apoptosis, and suppress overactivation of the p53 pathway. These findings provide a scientific basis for SYS as a medicinal-food homologous anti-aging intervention.

, authors=Juan QI1, Kepei YANG2, Zhen LIU1, Jingwen MA1, Longlong ZHANG1, Fengxia ZHANG1, Xiuying PU1, *, authorsList=Juan QI, Kepei YANG, Zhen LIU, Jingwen MA, Longlong ZHANG, Fengxia ZHANG, Xiuying PU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuying PU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880891178632061, articleId=1320880887206626150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=多技术整合解析药食同源方熟地萸山药延缓衰老的物质基础与作用机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:本研究旨在探究药食同源方熟地萸山药(Shudi-Yu-Shanyao,SYS)的物质基础及延缓衰老的作用机制。方法:通过整合液相色谱-质谱技术(LC-MS)、TCMSP数据库检索及文献挖掘,基于口服生物利用度(OB)和类药性(DL)标准筛选得到SYS潜在活性成分;再利用网络药理学方法识别这些活性成分延缓衰老的核心作用靶点与关键通路,并构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络以系统预测其作用机制。为系统评价SYS延缓衰老功效及相关机制,本研究以D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠为研究对象,通过水迷宫实验初步评估SYS对小鼠认知功能的影响;并综合运用HE染色、生化技术及分子生物技术深入探究其分子机制。结果:通过网络药理学共筛选到45个SYS活性成分,预测到149个核心作用靶点,且显著富集于多个衰老相关通路,包括癌症及阿尔茨海默病相关通路、AMPK、p53和坏死性凋亡等关键信号通路。“成分-靶点-通路”网络拓扑分析筛选的槲皮素、棕榈油酸甲酯、獐牙菜苷、帕拉金糖及甘露三糖5个关键成分可能是介导SYS延缓衰老的关键活性成分。动物功效结果显示,SYS有效改善了模型小鼠的衰老状态;认知行为测试结果发现,与模型组相比,SYS处理组小鼠找寻平台的速度明显加快,记忆平台位置的能力也显著增强。具体表现在,中、高剂量SYS组小鼠穿越平台次数分别增加了225%和200%,目标象限停留时间百分比分别提高了84.32%和119.31%(P<0.05,P<0.01)。此外,肾功能结果显示,中、高剂量SYS显著降低了模型小鼠血清肌酐(CR)和尿素氮(BUN),且降幅分别达到10.39%、4.91%和8.45%、3.40%(P<0.0001)。同时,在SYS作用下,小鼠血清与组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力较模型组分别增强了31.49%和25.26%,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别从6.47±0.23、18.25±0.31 nmol/mg prot降低到5.14±0.16、15.15±0.34 nmol/mg prot(P<0.05,P<0.01)。SYS处理还使肾组织中p53、p21、γH2AX和Bax蛋白的表达呈现不同程度的下调,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达则显著上调(P<0.01)。结论:SYS中槲皮素等5个关键活性成分通过抑制p53衰老相关信号通路中关键蛋白的过度表达,调节Bax/Bcl-2凋亡平衡,增强机体抗氧化能力等多重机制,减轻DNA损伤,改善认知功能与肾功能,最终发挥延缓衰老的作用。该研究为药食同源方SYS的抗衰老机制提供了科学依据。

, authors=祁娟1, 杨克培2, 刘珍1, 马婧雯1, 张龙龙1, 张凤霞1, 蒲秀瑛1, *, authorsList=祁娟, 杨克培, 刘珍, 马婧雯, 张龙龙, 张凤霞, 蒲秀瑛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蒲秀瑛, authorNote=

祁娟(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:临床前分子药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
蒲秀瑛(1968−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:临床前分子药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:。
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Phytotherapy Research, 2023, 37(7): 2995−3008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881005230141807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881005238530416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, companyId=1320881005230141807, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881005246919025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, companyId=1320881005230141807, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881005322416498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881005330805107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, companyId=1320881005322416498, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Gansu Modern Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881005339193716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, companyId=1320881005322416498, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2甘肃省中药现代制药工程研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州 730030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881014415667620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion chromatogram in positive and negative ion modes of SYS, figureFileSmall=dLktcWfV4/lUyf4d+pepLw==, figureFileBig=3y6f1ba/6ijy4xYRTgsF0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016072417701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图1, caption=SYS的正、负离子模式下的总离子色谱

注:(A)正离子模式下的总离子色谱,(B)负离子模式下的总离子色谱;图中所标注的为SYS组分中含量排名前10的化合物。

, figureFileSmall=dLktcWfV4/lUyf4d+pepLw==, figureFileBig=3y6f1ba/6ijy4xYRTgsF0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016210829734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chemical component analysis of SYS, figureFileSmall=B59KQuDIHrMRCaN4SbYXuQ==, figureFileBig=1e7WuDl3B18FKMZ5Uv8EmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016303104424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SYS的化学成分分析

注:(A) SYS成分分类含量分布图,(B)SYS成分含量排名前10(TOP10)分布图;Neokestose-新斯科糖;Shanzhiside methyl ester-山栀苷甲酯;Morroniside-莫诺苷;Manninotriose-甘露三糖;5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-5-羟甲基糠醛;Luciferin-荧光素;Cornuside-山茱萸苷I;Oxoglutaric acid-氧戊二酸;Swerosid-獐牙菜苷;Palatinose-帕拉金糖。

, figureFileSmall=B59KQuDIHrMRCaN4SbYXuQ==, figureFileBig=1e7WuDl3B18FKMZ5Uv8EmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016391184809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Analysis of potential therapeutic targets of SYS, figureFileSmall=iAMAkPzY8Pq/IDvpidruCg==, figureFileBig=XpSvEuwZuHJjgznNe/qktw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016462487978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SYS的核心作用靶点分析

注:(A)SYS与疾病靶点Venn图,(B)SYS核心靶点PPI网络图;图A中紫色为药物靶点数,黄色为疾病靶点数。

, figureFileSmall=iAMAkPzY8Pq/IDvpidruCg==, figureFileBig=XpSvEuwZuHJjgznNe/qktw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016533791147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of core targets of SYS, figureFileSmall=4Ejr8nVQafrCqGNGINpegA==, figureFileBig=RcB3uWqdSF9MyUo9/eh+mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016605094316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SYS核心靶点的功能与通路富集分析

注:(A)GO注释富集分析直方图;(B)KEGG通路富集分析气泡图。

, figureFileSmall=4Ejr8nVQafrCqGNGINpegA==, figureFileBig=RcB3uWqdSF9MyUo9/eh+mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016688980397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Drug-ingredient-target-pathway network, figureFileSmall=R37ywO76CYBVHZjCQgsB3Q==, figureFileBig=FL+FuEsRyGO1yKmy8LPJQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016756089262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图5, caption=药物-成分-靶点-通路网络

注:深蓝色节点表示活性成分;浅蓝色节点表示作用靶点;绿色节点表示信号通路。

, figureFileSmall=R37ywO76CYBVHZjCQgsB3Q==, figureFileBig=FL+FuEsRyGO1yKmy8LPJQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016835781039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of SYS on body weight of mice (n=10), figureFileSmall=HLx6Fv48DcG7bPfkSxi9TA==, figureFileBig=JE2ZStksrLJOVhc9pBaLkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881016907084209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SYS对小鼠体质量的影响(n=10)

注:与对照组比较,****P<0.0001;与模型组比较,#P<0.05、##P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=HLx6Fv48DcG7bPfkSxi9TA==, figureFileBig=JE2ZStksrLJOVhc9pBaLkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017003553202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Representative swimming path trajectory of mice in each group, figureFileSmall=CjqqZuzlOfd0u2PZ0ryutw==, figureFileBig=iQyrMn9IPp6SuLTZI4TnXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017079050675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组小鼠游泳代表性游泳路径轨迹图

注:(A)定位导航轨迹图,(B)空间探索轨迹图;第一象限:右上方,第二象限(目标象限):左上方,第三象限:左下方,第四象限:右下方。

, figureFileSmall=CjqqZuzlOfd0u2PZ0ryutw==, figureFileBig=iQyrMn9IPp6SuLTZI4TnXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017146159540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of SYS on serum CR, BUN, UA content and pathological morphology of renal tissue in aging mice (200×), figureFileSmall=I5R+UcjAJPpYS/lVx9gS4w==, figureFileBig=MIx7QNh+c4H4hR1iXwCZLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017221657013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图8, caption=SYS对衰老小鼠血清CR、BUN、UA含量及肾组织病理形态的影响(200×)

注:与对照组比较,****P<0.0001;与模型组比较,#P<0.05、###P<0.001、####P<0.0001。图D中红色箭头表示肾小囊轻度扩张,黄色箭头表示肾间质炎症细胞浸润,黑色箭头表示肾小管上皮细胞脱落。

, figureFileSmall=I5R+UcjAJPpYS/lVx9gS4w==, figureFileBig=MIx7QNh+c4H4hR1iXwCZLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017292960182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of SYS on serum and kidney tissue SOD activity and MDA content of aged mice, figureFileSmall=KgtEtrQu8/ei38sYBh8HmA==, figureFileBig=bEwslXYp1DWgjHAwuhIq3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017385234871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图9, caption=SYS对衰老小鼠血清及组织SOD活力、MDA含量的影响

注:与对照组比较,***P<0.001、****P<0.0001;与模型组比较,#P<0.05、##P<0.01、###P<0.001、####P<0.0001。

, figureFileSmall=KgtEtrQu8/ei38sYBh8HmA==, figureFileBig=bEwslXYp1DWgjHAwuhIq3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017460732344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of SYS on the expression of the p53 signaling pathway and apoptosis-related proteins, figureFileSmall=OPU2M6kJXiY4IssZ+xB1Ig==, figureFileBig=w+oXgZE8BbuQyQ5MsWgCPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017540424121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=图10, caption=SYS 对p53信号通路及凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

注:(A)蛋白表达条带图,(B)p53蛋白的表达,(C)p21蛋白的表达,(D)Bax蛋白的表达,(E)Bcl-2蛋白的表达,(F)γH2AX蛋白的表达;与对照组比较,****P<0.0001;与模型组比较,##P<0.01、####P<0.0001。

, figureFileSmall=OPU2M6kJXiY4IssZ+xB1Ig==, figureFileBig=w+oXgZE8BbuQyQ5MsWgCPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881017628504506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Identification results of the top 10 compounds in SYS components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称分子式保留时间
(min)
理论
(m/z)
实际
(m/z)
质量误差
(ppm)
新科斯糖C18H32O160.69543.1322543.1319−0.57
山栀苷甲酯C17H26O113.93451.1457451.14590.41
莫诺苷C17H26O113.93429.1368429.1363−0.99
甘露三糖C18H32O160.69549.1672549.1672−0.02
5-羟甲基糠醛C6H6O32.33127.039127.03911.38
荧光素C11H8N2O3S25.53281.0049281.0048−0.56
山茱萸苷IC24H30O144.94565.1528565.1524−0.7
氧戊二酸C5H6O50.77191.0199191.0193−3.2
獐牙菜苷C16H22O94.31359.1337359.1334−0.75
帕拉金糖C12H22O110.7387.1144387.1144−0.17
), ArticleFig(id=1320881017699807675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SYS 组分中含量排名前10化合物鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称分子式保留时间
(min)
理论
(m/z)
实际
(m/z)
质量误差
(ppm)
新科斯糖C18H32O160.69543.1322543.1319−0.57
山栀苷甲酯C17H26O113.93451.1457451.14590.41
莫诺苷C17H26O113.93429.1368429.1363−0.99
甘露三糖C18H32O160.69549.1672549.1672−0.02
5-羟甲基糠醛C6H6O32.33127.039127.03911.38
荧光素C11H8N2O3S25.53281.0049281.0048−0.56
山茱萸苷IC24H30O144.94565.1528565.1524−0.7
氧戊二酸C5H6O50.77191.0199191.0193−3.2
獐牙菜苷C16H22O94.31359.1337359.1334−0.75
帕拉金糖C12H22O110.7387.1144387.1144−0.17
), ArticleFig(id=1320881017771110844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Information on the active ingredients of SYS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号成分名称编号成分名称
SDH1Sitosterol(谷甾醇)SY3Kadsurenone(海风藤酮)
SDH2Stigmasterol(豆甾醇)SY4Hancinone C(汉黄芩酮C)
SDH3EIC(甘草苷)SY524-Methylcholest-5-enyl-3belta-O-glucopyranoside_qt(24-甲基胆-5-烯-3β-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷)
SDH4Methyl (2E,4E)-hexadeca-2,4-dienoate((2E,4E)-十六碳-2,4-二烯酸甲酯)SY6Campesterol(菜油甾醇)
SDH5Methylpalmitoleate(棕榈油酸甲酯)SY7Isofucosterol(异岩藻甾醇)
SDH6Rehmaglutin B(地黄苷B)SY8Dioscoreside C_qt(薯蓣皂苷C)
SDH7Catalpol(梓醇)SY9Diosgenin(薯蓣皂苷元)
SDH8Leonuride(益母草苷)SY10Isorhamnetin(异鼠李素)
SDH9Rehmannioside A(地黄苷A)SY11Cholesterol(胆固醇)
SZY1Mandenol(扁桃醇)LC1Neokestose(新斯科糖)
SZY2Ethyl linolenate(亚麻酸乙酯)LC2Shanzhiside methyl ester(山栀苷甲酯)
SZY3Poriferast-5-en-3beta-ol(多孔甾-5-烯-3β-醇)LC3Morroniside(莫诺苷)
SZY4Diop(地黄普A)LC4Manninotriose(甘露三糖)
SZY5Ethyl oleate (NF)(油酸乙酯(NF))LC55-Hydroxymethylfurfura(5-羟甲基糠醛)
SZY6Leucanthoside(白花苷)LC6Luciferin(荧光素)
SZY7Beta-sitosterol(β-谷甾醇)LC7Cornuside(山茱萸苷)
SZY82,6,10,14,18-Pentamethylicosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaene(2,6,10,14,18-五甲基二十碳-2,6,10,14,18-五烯)LC8Oxoglutaric acid(氧戊二酸)
SZY9Cornudentanone(山茱萸酮)LC9Swerosid(獐牙菜苷)
SZY10Hydroxygenkwanin(羟基芫花素)LC10Palatinose(帕拉金糖)
SZY11Telocinobufagin(远华蟾蜍精)BC1Rhmannioside D(地黄苷D)
SZY12Tetrahydroalstonine(四氢鸡骨常山碱)BC2Quercetin(槲皮素)
SY1Piperlonguminine(胡椒长林宁碱)BC3Heriguard(绿原酸)
SY2(-)-Taxifolin((-)-花旗松素)
), ArticleFig(id=1320881017842414013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SYS活性成分信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号成分名称编号成分名称
SDH1Sitosterol(谷甾醇)SY3Kadsurenone(海风藤酮)
SDH2Stigmasterol(豆甾醇)SY4Hancinone C(汉黄芩酮C)
SDH3EIC(甘草苷)SY524-Methylcholest-5-enyl-3belta-O-glucopyranoside_qt(24-甲基胆-5-烯-3β-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷)
SDH4Methyl (2E,4E)-hexadeca-2,4-dienoate((2E,4E)-十六碳-2,4-二烯酸甲酯)SY6Campesterol(菜油甾醇)
SDH5Methylpalmitoleate(棕榈油酸甲酯)SY7Isofucosterol(异岩藻甾醇)
SDH6Rehmaglutin B(地黄苷B)SY8Dioscoreside C_qt(薯蓣皂苷C)
SDH7Catalpol(梓醇)SY9Diosgenin(薯蓣皂苷元)
SDH8Leonuride(益母草苷)SY10Isorhamnetin(异鼠李素)
SDH9Rehmannioside A(地黄苷A)SY11Cholesterol(胆固醇)
SZY1Mandenol(扁桃醇)LC1Neokestose(新斯科糖)
SZY2Ethyl linolenate(亚麻酸乙酯)LC2Shanzhiside methyl ester(山栀苷甲酯)
SZY3Poriferast-5-en-3beta-ol(多孔甾-5-烯-3β-醇)LC3Morroniside(莫诺苷)
SZY4Diop(地黄普A)LC4Manninotriose(甘露三糖)
SZY5Ethyl oleate (NF)(油酸乙酯(NF))LC55-Hydroxymethylfurfura(5-羟甲基糠醛)
SZY6Leucanthoside(白花苷)LC6Luciferin(荧光素)
SZY7Beta-sitosterol(β-谷甾醇)LC7Cornuside(山茱萸苷)
SZY82,6,10,14,18-Pentamethylicosa-2,6,10,14,18-pentaene(2,6,10,14,18-五甲基二十碳-2,6,10,14,18-五烯)LC8Oxoglutaric acid(氧戊二酸)
SZY9Cornudentanone(山茱萸酮)LC9Swerosid(獐牙菜苷)
SZY10Hydroxygenkwanin(羟基芫花素)LC10Palatinose(帕拉金糖)
SZY11Telocinobufagin(远华蟾蜍精)BC1Rhmannioside D(地黄苷D)
SZY12Tetrahydroalstonine(四氢鸡骨常山碱)BC2Quercetin(槲皮素)
SY1Piperlonguminine(胡椒长林宁碱)BC3Heriguard(绿原酸)
SY2(-)-Taxifolin((-)-花旗松素)
), ArticleFig(id=1320881017922105790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of the number of times of platform crossing and the percentage of residence time in the target quadrant in the spatial exploration experiment of mice in each group (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别穿越平台次数目标象限停留时间百分比(%)
Control3.5±0.2945.38±2.80
Model1±0.41**17.92±3.40**
Res2.75±0.25#34.92±2.83#
LS2±0.4026.74±4.79
MS3.25±0.5##33.03±2.01#
HS3±0.40#39.30±2.31##
), ArticleFig(id=1320881017993408959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880887206626150, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组小鼠空间探索试验中目标象限内穿越平台次数、停留时间百分比比较(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别穿越平台次数目标象限停留时间百分比(%)
Control3.5±0.2945.38±2.80
Model1±0.41**17.92±3.40**
Res2.75±0.25#34.92±2.83#
LS2±0.4026.74±4.79
MS3.25±0.5##33.03±2.01#
HS3±0.40#39.30±2.31##
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多技术整合解析药食同源方熟地萸山药延缓衰老的物质基础与作用机制
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祁娟 1 , 杨克培 2 , 刘珍 1 , 马婧雯 1 , 张龙龙 1 , 张凤霞 1 , 蒲秀瑛 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(17): 515-526
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (17) : 515 -526
多技术整合解析药食同源方熟地萸山药延缓衰老的物质基础与作用机制
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祁娟1 , 杨克培2, 刘珍1, 马婧雯1, 张龙龙1, 张凤霞1, 蒲秀瑛1, *
作者信息
  • 1兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050
  • 2甘肃省中药现代制药工程研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州 730030
通讯作者:
蒲秀瑛(1968−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:临床前分子药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

祁娟(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:临床前分子药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:

An Integrated Multi-technique Approach to Uncover the Anti-aging Material Basis and Mechanism of Shudi-Yu-Shanyao, a Formula from Medicinal and Edible Herbs
Juan QI1 , Kepei YANG2, Zhen LIU1, Jingwen MA1, Longlong ZHANG1, Fengxia ZHANG1, Xiuying PU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
  • 2Gansu Modern Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090264
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目的:本研究旨在探究药食同源方熟地萸山药(Shudi-Yu-Shanyao,SYS)的物质基础及延缓衰老的作用机制。方法:通过整合液相色谱-质谱技术(LC-MS)、TCMSP数据库检索及文献挖掘,基于口服生物利用度(OB)和类药性(DL)标准筛选得到SYS潜在活性成分;再利用网络药理学方法识别这些活性成分延缓衰老的核心作用靶点与关键通路,并构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络以系统预测其作用机制。为系统评价SYS延缓衰老功效及相关机制,本研究以D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠为研究对象,通过水迷宫实验初步评估SYS对小鼠认知功能的影响;并综合运用HE染色、生化技术及分子生物技术深入探究其分子机制。结果:通过网络药理学共筛选到45个SYS活性成分,预测到149个核心作用靶点,且显著富集于多个衰老相关通路,包括癌症及阿尔茨海默病相关通路、AMPK、p53和坏死性凋亡等关键信号通路。“成分-靶点-通路”网络拓扑分析筛选的槲皮素、棕榈油酸甲酯、獐牙菜苷、帕拉金糖及甘露三糖5个关键成分可能是介导SYS延缓衰老的关键活性成分。动物功效结果显示,SYS有效改善了模型小鼠的衰老状态;认知行为测试结果发现,与模型组相比,SYS处理组小鼠找寻平台的速度明显加快,记忆平台位置的能力也显著增强。具体表现在,中、高剂量SYS组小鼠穿越平台次数分别增加了225%和200%,目标象限停留时间百分比分别提高了84.32%和119.31%(P<0.05,P<0.01)。此外,肾功能结果显示,中、高剂量SYS显著降低了模型小鼠血清肌酐(CR)和尿素氮(BUN),且降幅分别达到10.39%、4.91%和8.45%、3.40%(P<0.0001)。同时,在SYS作用下,小鼠血清与组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力较模型组分别增强了31.49%和25.26%,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别从6.47±0.23、18.25±0.31 nmol/mg prot降低到5.14±0.16、15.15±0.34 nmol/mg prot(P<0.05,P<0.01)。SYS处理还使肾组织中p53、p21、γH2AX和Bax蛋白的表达呈现不同程度的下调,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达则显著上调(P<0.01)。结论:SYS中槲皮素等5个关键活性成分通过抑制p53衰老相关信号通路中关键蛋白的过度表达,调节Bax/Bcl-2凋亡平衡,增强机体抗氧化能力等多重机制,减轻DNA损伤,改善认知功能与肾功能,最终发挥延缓衰老的作用。该研究为药食同源方SYS的抗衰老机制提供了科学依据。

熟地萸山药  /  药食同源  /  延缓衰老  /  衰老小鼠  /  LC-MS  /  网络药理学

Objective: To elucidate the material basis and mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of Shudi-Yu-Shanyao (SYS), a medicinal-food homologous formula. Methods: Potential SYS actives were screened by oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL) criteria, integrating LC-MS, TCMSP retrieval, and literature mining. Network pharmacology was used to identify the core targets/pathways and to construct a component-target-pathway network. Anti-aging efficacy was then evaluated in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Morris water maze. HE stain, biochemical assays, and molecular analyses explored underlying mechanisms. Results: Forty-five active components and 149 core targets were identified. Targets were enriched in aging-related pathways (including cancer and Alzheimer’s disease pathways) and key signaling cascades such as AMPK, p53 and necroptosis. Network topology highlighted five putative key components, they were quercetin, methyl palmitoleate, swertiamarin, palatinose and manninotriose. In vivo, SYS effectively mitigated aging phenotypes and improved cognition: compared with the model group, the medium and high-dose groups showed 225% and 200% more platform crossings; 84.32% and 119.31% longer time in the target quadrant, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01). Renal function improved, with serum creatinine reduced by 10.39% (medium) and 8.45% (high), and blood urea nitrogen reduced by 4.91% (medium) and 3.40% (high) (P<0.0001). Antioxidant capacity increased (SOD activity, compared with the model group, up by 31.49% in serum and 25.26% in kidney), while MDA decreased (serum: 6.47±0.23 to 5.14±0.16 nmol/mg prot; kidney: 18.25±0.31 to 15.15±0.34 nmol/mg prot; P<0.05, P<0.01). SYS downregulated p53, p21, γH2AX, and Bax, while upregulated Bcl-2 in renal tissue (P<0.01). Conclusion: SYS delays aging, with quercetin and other components likely acting via multi-target mechanisms that attenuate DNA damage, enhance antioxidant defenses, modulate Bax/Bcl-2 mediated apoptosis, and suppress overactivation of the p53 pathway. These findings provide a scientific basis for SYS as a medicinal-food homologous anti-aging intervention.

Shudi-Yu-Shanyao  /  medicine food homology  /  anti-aging  /  aging mouse  /  LC-MS  /  network pharmacology
祁娟, 杨克培, 刘珍, 马婧雯, 张龙龙, 张凤霞, 蒲秀瑛. 多技术整合解析药食同源方熟地萸山药延缓衰老的物质基础与作用机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 515 -526 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090264
Juan QI, Kepei YANG, Zhen LIU, Jingwen MA, Longlong ZHANG, Fengxia ZHANG, Xiuying PU. An Integrated Multi-technique Approach to Uncover the Anti-aging Material Basis and Mechanism of Shudi-Yu-Shanyao, a Formula from Medicinal and Edible Herbs[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 515 -526 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090264
随着全球人口老龄化趋势加剧,衰老及相关功能衰退的防治已成为生命科学领域的重大挑战[1]。衰老(Aging)作为复杂且贯穿生命始终的生物学过程,会伴随机体多系统生理功能退行性下降,显著增加认知障碍、肾功能减退等年龄相关疾病风险[2−3]。目前,以雷帕霉素、二甲双胍等为代表的合成药物虽在临床前研究中展现出良好的延缓衰老潜力。然而,长期应用容易引发免疫抑制、胃肠道反应等不良反应,限制了其应用前景[4−5]。现代药理研究发现,许多药食同源植物通过调节氧化应激、抑制炎症反应、调控细胞凋亡发挥延缓衰老的作用,呈现出多靶点、多通路和安全性高等优势,在抗衰老领域中展现出巨大的应用潜力[6−10]。在此背景下,系统挖掘具有延缓衰老作用的药食同源植物具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。
熟地黄(由地黄炮制而成)、山药及山茱萸,其原料来源均为我国传统的药食同源植物,是经典名方“六味地黄丸”的核心组方,且各味植物都呈现出延缓衰老的功效[11−14],然而,三者配伍是否产生协同增效作用,其延缓衰老的物质基础及分子机制缺乏系统的科学阐释[15−17]。鉴于此,本研究以熟地萸山药(Shudi-Yu-Shanyao,SYS)为研究对象,揭示其延缓衰老的物质基础及作用机制。该方是在“君臣佐使”与“三阴同补”中医理论的指导下,将熟地黄、山茱萸和山药按照一定比例,配伍组成熟地萸山药方。方中,熟地黄为君,滋肾填精,固生命之本;山茱萸与山药为臣,补肝固涩、健脾益胃。三者配伍,体现了调和先天与后天的中医法则,也为该药食同源组方的配伍以及探索其抗衰老潜力提供了理论依据[14]。
本研究在研发SYS药食同源功能性食品的同时,将中医“补肾抗衰”理论与现代研究技术相结合,通过网络药理学、动物实验验证及分子生物学技术的整合,科学解析SYS的物质基础及协同延缓衰老机制,构建从整体行为到信号通路的多层次评价体系。这一研究策略不仅有助于推动药食同源产品的研发从“经验筛选”向“理论指导下的系统验证”转变,也为开发针对人口老龄化的天然延缓衰老的功能性食品策略提供科学范式与实践依据。
KM种小鼠(SPF级,雌雄各半,体重20±5 g,n=60) 中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所,许可证编号:SYXK(甘)2019-0001。动物实验均符合动物伦理要求,伦理审批号:2024-002;熟地萸山药(SYS) 由甘肃省高校中藏药筛选评价及深加工重点实验室自制(通过水提结合冷冻干燥技术获得SYS),其相对于浸膏的得率为76.73%,总糖含量为70.13%(苯酚-硫酸法);D-半乳糖、白藜芦醇(Res) 阿拉丁试剂公司;4%多聚甲醛通用型组织固定液、ECL化学发光底物试剂盒 兰杰柯科技有限公司;肌酐(CR)测定试剂盒、尿素氮(BUN)测试盒、尿酸(UA)测试盒、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒 江苏碧云天;兔抗鼠GAPDH单克隆抗体、兔单克隆抗体p53、p21、γH2AX、Bcl-2、Bax Abcam Company公司。
ACQUITY UPLC I-Class HF型高效液相色谱仪、ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3型(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱、ACQUity UPLC PDA检测器 美国Waters公司;Thermo-Obritrap-QE型高分辨液相色谱质谱联用仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司;Flyde-A型Morris水迷宫 广州飞迪生物科技有限公司;CEBO-6型组织研磨仪 常州乐天实验器材公司;TGL16F型高速冷冻离心机 长沙英泰仪器有限公司;Elx808型酶标仪 美国Biotek公司;DYY-6D型电泳仪、WD-9405F型水平脱色摇床 北京六一生物科技有限公司;BioSpectrum410型凝胶成像系统 美国Bio-Rad公司。
称取熟地萸山药100 mg,加入甲醇-水溶液(V:V=3:1,含内标L-2-氯苯丙氨酸,2 μg/mL)1 mL,涡旋振荡1 min,匀质机研磨均质(60 Hz,2 min),超声提取60 min,离心(4 ℃,12000 r/min,10 min),使用0.22 μm的有机相针孔过滤器过滤后,取上层清液上机分析。
色谱柱:ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(1.8 μm,100 mm×2.1 mm);流动相:0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B);流动相流速:0.35 mL/min;柱温:45 ℃;进样量:5 μL;梯度洗脱程序:0~2 min,5%B;2~4 min,5%~30%B;4~8 min,30%~50%B;8~10 min,50%~80%B;10~14 min,80%~100%B;14~15 min,维持100%B;15.1 min恢复至5%B,平衡至16 min。离子源:电喷雾离子源(ESI);扫描方式:正负离子切换;检测方式:Full MS;分辨率:70000(full mass),7500(dd~MS);扫描范围:100~1200 m/z;喷雾电压:+3800 V(正离子),–3000 V(负离子);毛细管温度:320 ℃;辅助气加热温度:350 ℃;归一化碰撞能量(NCE)阶梯:10、20和40 eV[18−19]。
以“熟地黄”“山茱萸”“山药”为关键词,在中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP,https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php),以口服生物利用度(OB)≥30%,类药性(DL)≥0.18为条件进行检索,获取SYS活性成分。鉴于该数据库固有的局限性、植物提取方法的差异以及LC-MS检测技术基质效应的干扰,本研究在数据库预测成分的基础上,将LC-MS检测结果中含量排名前10的成分与熟地黄、山茱萸、山药中抗氧化关键性成分地黄苷D(Rhmannioside D)、槲皮素(Quercetin)及绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid)[11,20−22]额外补充到后续的网络构建与分析中,以增强预测网络的全面性和可靠性,也使后续“成分-靶点-通路”网络更能反映真实的药理作用基础。合并上述结果,导入PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)进行结构查询,获得SMILES号再导入Swiss Target Prediction(http://swisstargetprediction.ch/)数据库中,得到SYS的潜在作用靶点。
在GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/)和OMIM数据库(https://www.omim.org)中,以“aging”和“senescence”为检索词,检索并去重后收集衰老相关靶点,将其与成分作用靶点映射取交集[23],获得 SYS 延缓衰老的潜在作用靶点。
在String平台(https://cn.string-db.org/),设定物种为 “Homo sapiens”,置信度为0.9,删除游离节点,获取潜在作用靶点的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(Protein-Protein Interaction Networks,PPI)数据。将所得文件导入Cytoscape 3.7.2软件中构建PPI网络,利用内置插件CytoNCA分析网络中节点的介数中心性(BC)、接近中心性(CC)及度值(DC),进而找到核心靶点[24]。
将核心靶点输入DAVID(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)数据库中,选择物种为“H.sapiens”,进行GO功能和KEGG 信号通路的富集分析。通过微生信平台(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)对显著富集的条目(P-value<0.05),分别采用柱状图(GO)和气泡图(KEGG)进行可视化展示。
利用Cytoscape 3.7.2 软件,构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络,通过软件的“Analyse Network”功能对网络进行拓扑分析,根据 Degree值排名筛选SYS延缓衰老的关键成分。
60只KM种小鼠适应性喂养7 d后,被随机分为6组(n=10):对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、白藜芦醇(Res)、熟地萸山药低剂量组(LS)、熟地萸山药中剂量组(MS)和熟地萸山药高剂量组(HS)。除对照组外,其余各组小鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老小鼠模型[25−26]。SYS剂量设置依据是根据课题组前期熟地萸山药的急性毒性试验结果的最大耐受量(27 g/kg)的1/10确定的高剂量,1/20为低剂量,因此,熟地萸山药低、中、高剂量分别设置为1.35、2.21和2.7 g/kg/d进行灌胃治疗。白藜芦醇组小鼠按100 mg/kg/d剂量进行灌胃[27]。对照组和模型组小鼠每日灌胃等体积的纯化水,1次/d,连续42 d,期间进行水迷宫实验。42 d后,小鼠禁食不禁水24 h,分别采集血液和肾组织进行后续检测。
在实验过程中,每日观察记录各组小鼠的体质量、行为变化、精神状态及毛发等变化。
给药干预3周后,采用Morris水迷宫实验评估SYS对衰老小鼠学习能力和记忆能力的影响。实验周期共7 d,包括前6 d的定位导航训练和第7 d的空间探索实验[26]。
在定位导航训练中,每只小鼠每天接受3轮训练,将小鼠从平台所在象限的对角象限放入水中,记录其找到平台所需的时间和找到隐藏平台所经过的路径,若小鼠在60 s内未能找到平台,则将其引导至平台,并在平台上停留10 s,以形成空间记忆。
第7 d进行空间探索实验,撤去水中平台后,将小鼠从任一入水点放入水中,允许其自由探索60 s,记录小鼠在平台所在象限停留时间的百分比及穿越原平台位置的次数,以此作为评价其空间记忆保持能力的指标。
小鼠摘眼球取血后,在4 ℃下以3500 r/min 离心15 min获得血清。按照试剂盒说明书,检测血清中CR、BUN及UA的含量。钝性分离肾脏,剪取部分肾组织用4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,切成5 μm薄片,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,在光学显微镜下观察。
按照1.2.3.4同法获得血清与肾组织,肾组织样本裂解匀浆后,低温下离心(4000 r/min,15 min)取上清;按照试剂盒说明书步骤,检测血清与肾组织中SOD活性与MDA含量。
称取肾组织样本,裂解匀浆,12000 r/min离心10 min,收集蛋白上清液。采用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定样品蛋白浓度。经SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分离后,转印至PVDF膜,室温封闭1 h,用一抗(p53、p21、Bax、Bcl-2、γH2AX)及GAPDH,于4 ℃ 环境下孵育过夜。次日用TBST洗膜,二抗孵育,洗膜三次,显影,并通过化学发光成像系统可视化,利用 Image J软件进行灰度值分析。
LC-MS采集的数据通过Progenesis QI V3.0(Nonlinear,Dynamics,Newcastle,UK)软件初步整理,用LutMet1.0中药数据库、LuMet-animal标准品库及Herb公共数据库进行检索比对鉴定化合物。数据分析及绘图使用Graphpad Prism(9.5)软件,组间差异性分析利用软件内置Two-way ANOVA功能,所有数据以平均值±SEM表示,P<0.05时认为差异具有统计学意义。
基于LC-MS技术的高分辨率、高精度的质谱数据,结合创新中药组学平台(LUOMICSTMCM)及标准物质数据库(LuMet-TCM),对SYS中化学成分进行系统鉴定,以确保鉴定结果的全面性与准确性。最终共鉴定出11类化学成分,包括萜类、黄酮类、酚类、糖及糖苷类生物活性成分(图1,图2A)。其中含量最高的前十个化合物依次为:新科斯糖(23.41%)、山栀苷甲酯(21.85%)、莫诺苷(19.53%)、甘露三糖(9.89%)、5-羟甲基糠醛(6.18%)、荧光素(4.85%)、山茱萸苷Ⅰ(4.12%)、氧戊二酸(3.89%)、獐牙菜苷(3.26%)及帕拉金糖(3.03%)(图2B,表1)。其中,莫诺苷、山栀苷甲酯、5-羟甲基糠醛均已被证实具有抗氧化应激,延缓衰老等作用[28−29]。该结果为进一步探讨SYS的生物活性及其潜在应用提供了重要的物质基础。
通过LC-MS检测及TCMSP数据库检索,确定了45个SYS的化学成分,见表2。继而,利用SwissTargetPrediction数据库预测到603个成分靶点,再与GeneCard和OMIM数据库检索到的4882个衰老靶点取交集,得到386个潜在作用靶点,绘制韦恩图,如图3A所示。
如图3B所示,以大于BC、CC和DC 中位数(分别是226.6596,0.244275和5)作为阈值对潜在作用靶点进行筛选,筛选出149个核心靶点,包括非受体酪氨酸激酶(SRC)、磷酸肌醇3激酶调节亚基1(PI3KR1)、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)、热休克蛋白90α家族A类成员1(HSP90AA1)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)等。
针对上述149个核心靶点,共富集到378个生物过程(BP)条目、61个细胞组分(CC)条目和107个分子功能(MF)条目。其中,富集显著性排名前10的条目(图4A)表明,核心靶点主要参与细胞对氮化合物的反应、系统过程的调节及蛋白质磷酸化等生物过程;主要定位于受体复合物、膜筏、突触膜、神经元细胞体等结构;并且表现出蛋白激酶活性、蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性等分子功能。这些结果提示核心靶点可能通过调控蛋白激酶介导的信号转导网络,在细胞应激响应与程序性死亡调控中发挥关键作用。KEGG共识别到228条显著富集的通路,选择P值最小的前20条,通过气泡图对其进行可视化展示(图4B)。这些通路主要涉及癌症和阿尔茨海默病信号通路、AMPK、p53及坏死性凋亡等与衰老相关的多种信号通路。
综上,SYS可能通过作用于SRC、PI3K、STAT3等核心靶点,调控AMPK /p53等信号通路,从而发挥延缓衰老的作用。p53信号通路的激活与Bax/Bcl-2介导的凋亡平衡是调控衰老进程的两个关键环节[30]。因此,为从分子层面验证SYS的延缓衰老作用,本研究后续将采用Western Blot方法对p53/p21及Bax/Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平进行验证,以解析SYS延缓衰老的作用机制。
为系统阐明SYS活性成分、靶点和通路之间的相互关系,本研究运用 Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建“成分-靶点-通路” 相互作用的可视化网络,该网络包含216个节点和881条边(图5)。通过拓扑分析,筛选出排名前5的关键活性成分,包括槲皮素、棕榈油酸甲酯、獐牙菜苷、帕拉金糖及甘露三糖,从系统层面揭示出SYS多成分、多靶点和多通路协同发挥延缓衰老的作用特点。
正常对照组小鼠行动敏捷,精神状态较好,毛发光亮,D-半乳糖诱导后小鼠行动迟缓,精神不佳,毛发暗淡,出现嗜睡。与模型组相比,不同剂量的SYS及Res干预后,小鼠精神状态、毛发、活动等情况均出现不同程度地改善。另外,如图6所示,各组间小鼠初始体质量无显著差异,造模及给药干预后,各组小鼠体质量发生变化。其中,D-半乳糖诱导后,小鼠终末体质量显著降低(42 d,P<0.0001);Res及中、高剂量SYS组小鼠的终末体质量呈现出显著升高的趋势(P<0.01,P<0.05)。该结果表明,SYS干预有效改善了D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠的一般生理状态,并显著缓解了其体质量的下降。
如图7、表3所示,定位导航训练结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠进入目标象限后找寻平台的路径和时间更长;而在空间探索阶段,模型小鼠穿越平台的次数及在目标象限的停留时间明显减少,分别减少了71.43%和60.51%(P<0.01),提示模型小鼠的空间学习与记忆能力显著下降,即认知功能受损,表明小鼠衰老模型建立成功。与模型组相比,经中、高剂量SYS及Res干预后,小鼠找到隐藏平台的游泳路径更为直接,且在目标象限(原来平台所在的象限)停留的时间和穿越平台次数显著增加,即小鼠空间探索能力得到显著改善。其中,中、高剂量SYS组小鼠穿越平台次数分别增加225%和200%,目标象限停留时间百分比分别提高84.32%和119.31%(P<0.05,P<0.01)。基于上述行为学结果,可以得出结论:SYS显著改善了衰老小鼠认知功能的下降。
为评估SYS对衰老小鼠肾脏的影响,检测了血清肾功能标志物并进行了肾脏病理组织学观察,其结果显示,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠血清CR和BUN水平显著升高(P<0.0001),分别达79.39±1.07 μmol/L、8.15±0.04 mmol/L,但UA无显著变化。经中、高剂量SYS干预后,CR分别较模型组降低10.39%和8.45%,BUN降低4.91%和3.40%,其改善效果与Res组接近(见图8A~C)。HE染色结果显示(图8D),模型组小鼠出现肾小囊轻度扩张、肾小管上皮细胞脱落、排列稀疏,间质炎症细胞浸润;而SYS各剂量组均能不同程度地改善上述病变,表现为肾小球结构更完整、肾小管排列紧密、炎症浸润减轻,其中以中、高剂量SYS的恢复效果最为显著。
氧化应激是驱动衰老的核心机制之一。为探究SYS是否通过缓解氧化应激以延缓衰老,检测了衰老小鼠血清及肾脏组织中反映氧化损伤与抗氧化能力的关键指标。如图9所示,与模型组相比,中、高剂量SYS及Res干预均能显著降低MDA含量(P<0.05)并提升SOD活性(P<0.01)。其中,中剂量SYS使血清及肾组织中的MDA含量分别从6.47±0.23、18.25±0.31 nmol/mg prot降低到5.14±0.16、15.15±0.34 nmol/mg prot;同时,使SOD活性分别提升了31.49%和25.26%;但低剂量SYS效果不显著,提示SYS具有剂量依赖的抗氧化作用。以上结果提示,SYS可通过增强机体抗氧化能力,减轻氧化损伤,进而发挥其延缓衰老的作用。
基于网络药理学分析结果,本研究对p53信号通路中关键蛋白及凋亡蛋白进行了验证。结果如图10所示,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠肾组织中p53、p21、γH2AX及Bax蛋白表达均被显著上调(P<0.0001),上调幅度分别达273.19%、369.77%、465.26%、325.12%,而Bcl-2表达水平则被下调63.57%(P<0.0001),这一结果证实了衰老小鼠出现了严重的DNA损伤反应(p53/p21通路上调与γH2AX增高)和凋亡失衡(Bax/Bcl-2比率升高)。经SYS及Res干预后,上述指标均得到显著逆转(P<0.01,P<0.0001)。其中,中剂量的效果尤为突出,能显著回调所有关键蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。该结果从分子层面证实,SYS通过抑制p53通路的过度激活与调节Bax/Bcl-2凋亡平衡,是其减轻衰老相关肾组织损伤的重要机制。
衰老是一个伴随多器官系统性衰退的复杂生物学过程。本研究系统探讨了药食同源方SYS延缓衰老的物质基础与作用机制。在物质基础研究中,通过LC-MS技术检测出SYS中实际存在的、含量排名前10的化合物(新科斯糖、山栀苷甲酯、莫诺苷、甘露三糖、5-羟甲基糠醛等);通过TCMSP数据库筛选出32个具有良好药代动力学特性的潜在活性分子;同时,基于文献报道,补充了熟地黄、山茱萸及山药中具有3种抗氧化、抗衰老作用的关键成分(地黄苷D、槲皮素及绿原酸),基于以上结果,本研究创新性地整合了来自三种不同来源的共45个SYS潜在活性成分,为后续靶点的预测提供了更为全面的物质基础。
对网络药理学预测到149个核心靶点(SRC、PI3KR1、STAT3、HSP90AA1、EGFR等)进行GO功能分析发现,分布于受体复合物、膜筏、突触膜等细胞结构的上述靶点,通过行使蛋白激酶和蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性,进而调控细胞对氮化合物的反应、系统过程调控及蛋白磷酸化等关键生物过程。KEGG通路富集显示其核心靶点显著富集于癌症、阿尔茨海默病相关通路、AMPK、坏死性凋亡、p53等与衰老密切相关的信号通路。PPI网络拓扑分析筛选出槲皮素、棕榈油酸甲酯、獐牙菜苷、帕拉金糖及甘露三糖5种关键成分,系统预测出SYS多成分、多靶点、多通路发挥延缓衰老的功能特点。
p53作为细胞应激反应的核心枢纽,其持续性激活被公认为是诱导细胞衰老的关键驱动力[31−32],SRC、STAT3和EGFR均为p53蛋白已知的上游调控因子[33−35],提示SYS发挥延缓衰老作用可能与调控p53信号通路密切相关。另外,SYS的核心靶点显著富集于癌症及阿尔茨海默病相关通路,揭示了SYS延缓衰老的潜在机制可能与调控年龄相关疾病的生物过程有关,如p53信号通路与细胞凋亡。这提示,SYS在延缓机体衰老的同时,可能对预防或缓解年龄相关疾病也具有潜在价值。这些发现为深入探索药食同源方SYS作为一种抗衰老功能性食品的应用前景,奠定了前期的科学基础。
在衰老研究中,D-半乳糖可引发机体氧化应激反应和导致线粒体功能受损,常被用作诱导剂模拟并加速机体的衰老进程[26]。本研究成功利用D-半乳糖诱导的小鼠出现皮肤松弛、食欲下降和行为认知障碍的等衰老表型。行为学研究结果发现,经SYS干预后,衰老小鼠在Morris水迷宫实验中的定位导航与空间探索能力得到显著提升,表明SYS通过减轻D-半乳糖诱导的认知功能损伤,有效改善其学习和记忆能力。
其次,D-半乳糖诱导后,小鼠血清和肾组织SOD活力降低,MDA含量升高,表明机体氧化平衡被打破,该结果与Sies[36]观点高度吻合。经过SYS的干预,SOD活性明显提升,MDA含量显著降低,即SYS增强了机体的抗氧化能力,减轻衰老所致的肾组织的氧化损伤。与此同时,在SYS的干预下,衰老小鼠的肾功能标志物CR和BUN也在向正常水平下降,呈现出不同程度的恢复,其效果与Res组接近;另外,SYS作用后的肾组织结构明显改善,表现为肾小球结构更完整、肾小管排列紧密、炎症浸润减轻,表明SYS具有延缓机体衰老,改善衰老所致肾损伤的功效。
最后,Western Blot实验结果表明,与模型组相比,SYS能够显著下调衰老小鼠肾组织中p53及其关键下游因子p21的蛋白表达。表明,SYS可能通过抑制p53/p21通路的过度激活,从而延缓细胞衰老进程,进一步验证了网络药理学的预测结果。此外,凋亡调控失衡也是衰老的重要特征之一,Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比值是衡量细胞凋亡的关键指标。而DNA损伤标志物γH2AX的表达水平同样与细胞凋亡密切相关,其表达上调提示DNA损伤加剧[37−40],因此,衰老进程中也会伴随DNA损伤累积与凋亡调控紊乱。本研究结果显示,SYS在调控p53信号通路的同时,亦显著降低了γH2AX及Bax的表达,并上调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,表明其可能通过协同减轻DNA损伤与平衡细胞凋亡,多维度发挥延缓衰老的作用。
本研究遵循“物质基础-靶点预测-体内验证”的研究思路,初步阐明了药食同源方SYS通过“多成分-多靶点-多通路”协同作用延缓衰老的机制。结果表明,SYS能够调控p53信号通路,协同减轻DNA损伤与平衡细胞凋亡,从而在整体层面发挥抗衰老效应,为SYS作为药食同源方剂在抗衰老领域的开发应用提供了科学依据。同时,本研究也存在一定局限性:基于网络药理学方法预测所得的部分核心靶点及相关通路,在SYS延缓衰老中的具体作用尚未完全验证,其调控机制尚需通过更深入的分子生物学实验、多组学分析等手段进一步明确。未来可围绕上述方向深入探索,系统阐明SYS抗衰老作用的科学内涵。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090264
  • 接收时间:2025-09-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-23
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    1兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州 730050
    2甘肃省中药现代制药工程研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州 730030

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蒲秀瑛(1968−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:临床前分子药理与毒理学研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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