Article(id=1320166242846101614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090162, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757865600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681759797, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681759797, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681759797, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681759797, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=34, endPage=43, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166244586737775, articleId=1320166242846101614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Characteristic Flavor Compounds and Quality Analysis of Ancient Tree Green Tea from Tongzi, Guizhou, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the characteristic flavor compounds and quality of ancient-tree green tea from Tongzi, Guizhou. This study analyzed 12 baked green-tea samples produced from individual arbor-type large-leaf ancient trees. Sensory evaluation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were employed to determine sensory quality, key physicochemical components and volatile aroma compounds, followed by hierarchical clustering and correlation analyses for comprehensive assessment. Results showed that all teas scored above 90 points in sensory evaluation, exhibiting typical "floral aroma and fresh mellow taste". Key quality indices revealed high amino-acid contents (up to 5.27%), phenol-to-amino ratios of 5.68~8.58, total catechins at 9.14%~15.68%, and low ratios of galloylated catechins tonon-galloylated catechins (1.22~2.54). GC-MS identified 24 key aroma compounds, linalool, methyl salicylate, jasmonate, α-farnesene and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate were the core contributors to the dominant floral-fruity aroma. Cluster analysis divided the 12 samples into two groups: Group Ⅰ (samples 6, 7, 8) featured high amino acids and a sweet-mellow profile, while Group Ⅱ was characterized by intense floral and fruity aromas. In conclusion, Tongzi ancient-tree green tea possesses outstanding quality, and its unique flavor profile is closely linked to specific volatile aroma constituents and their concentrations. This study provides a scientific basis for quality evaluation, resource utilization and product positioning of Tongzi ancient-tree green tea.

, authors=Yanxia WANG1, Xia FENG1, 2, Guokang HUANG1, Yadong FENG1, Qian CHEN1, Jinjie SHI1, Juan YANG3, Xiaozhen HUANG1, *, authorsList=Yanxia WANG, Xia FENG, Guokang HUANG, Yadong FENG, Qian CHEN, Jinjie SHI, Juan YANG, Xiaozhen HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaozhen HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166246218322041, articleId=1320166242846101614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=贵州桐梓古树绿茶特征风味物质分析及其品质评价, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究贵州桐梓古树绿茶的特征风味物质构成及其品质,本研究以12份乔木型大叶种桐梓古树茶树单株所制烘青绿茶为研究对象,采用感官审评、高效液相色谱(HPLC)及顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术分析其感官品质、主要理化成分和挥发性香气成分,并结合聚类分析与相关性分析进行综合评估。结果表明:所有茶样感官审评总分均高于90分,具有“花香、滋味鲜醇”的典型特征。主要品质成分分析显示,样品氨基酸含量较高,最高达到5.27%,酚氨比在5.68~8.58,儿茶素总量为9.14%~15.68%,酯型与非酯型儿茶素比值较低,仅1.22~2.54。GC-MS共鉴定出24种关键香气成分,其中芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、茉莉酮、α-法呢烯及2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯等是构成其主体花果香风格的核心物质。聚类分析将12份茶样分为两大类:第一类,6号、7号和8号以高氨基酸含量和清甜风味为主,第二类以高花香、果香强度为主要特征。综上,桐梓古树绿茶品质优异,其独特的风味特征与特定的挥发性香气成分组成及含量密切相关。本研究为桐梓古树绿茶的品质评价、资源利用与产品定位提供了科学依据。

, authors=汪艳霞1, 冯霞1, 2, 黄国康1, 冯娅东1, 陈倩1, 石瑾杰1, 杨娟3, 黄小贞1, *, authorsList=汪艳霞, 冯霞, 黄国康, 冯娅东, 陈倩, 石瑾杰, 杨娟, 黄小贞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄小贞, authorNote=

汪艳霞(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工过程质量和安全,E-mail:

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黄小贞(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:发育生物学和生物工程,E-mail:。
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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 1−22. https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024100208., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320167028967715161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y H, RAN W, HE C, et al. Effects of different tea tree varieties on the color, aroma, and taste of Chinese Enshi green tea[J]. 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language=CN, label=图1, caption=桐梓古树绿茶挥发性成分的总离子流图, figureFileSmall=x7NgDbitV4EmDlEjXoY63g==, figureFileBig=poWIVS/k8RnClUI8iLoRsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167020021264647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Percentages of compound categories among total volatiles in 12 Tongzi ancient tree green tea, figureFileSmall=kqhzgbo3ik1BthH5wtBQ9Q==, figureFileBig=rnD2FfurHAqcH/BKrdYTlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167020096762120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=CN, label=图2, caption=桐梓古树绿茶12个茶样各类化合物占总挥发物数目的百分比, figureFileSmall=kqhzgbo3ik1BthH5wtBQ9Q==, figureFileBig=rnD2FfurHAqcH/BKrdYTlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167020168065289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Cluster analysis of Tongzi ancient tree 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figureFileBig=qrJ+PRbPZ/WxEjbvXXAi4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167020449083661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Geographic information of Tongzi ancient tree green tea single-plant resources

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编号地理位置经度纬度海拔(m)
1箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
2箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
3箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
4箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
5箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
6凤凰村106°46′N28°30′24″1454.0
7凤凰村106°46′N28°30′24″1454.0
8凤凰村106°46′N28°30′24″1454.0
9茅坝坪106°46′N28°34′17″972.0
10茅坝坪106°46′N28°34′17″972.0
11茅坝坪106°46′N28°34′17″972.0
12大田村106°51′N28°34′43″1004.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320167020537164046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

桐梓古树绿茶单株资源地理信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号地理位置经度纬度海拔(m)
1箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
2箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
3箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
4箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
5箭头村106°48′N28°35′7″1140.2
6凤凰村106°46′N28°30′24″1454.0
7凤凰村106°46′N28°30′24″1454.0
8凤凰村106°46′N28°30′24″1454.0
9茅坝坪106°46′N28°34′17″972.0
10茅坝坪106°46′N28°34′17″972.0
11茅坝坪106°46′N28°34′17″972.0
12大田村106°51′N28°34′43″1004.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320167020608467215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory quality of Tongzi ancient tree green tea

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编号外形汤色香气滋味叶底总分
评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分
1条索较紧细、绿润92黄绿明亮93清香带花香93鲜醇爽回甘94肥厚、匀整、黄绿润92.593
2条索较紧、绿润91绿明亮91.5清香带花香92醇厚回甘93肥厚、较匀整、较绿润91.591.95
3条索较紧、较匀整92黄绿明亮94清香花香浓郁持久94鲜醇爽回甘94肥厚、较匀整、绿润9293.3
4条索较紧、较绿润91黄绿明亮93.5清香花香浓郁较持久93.5醇厚回甘93.5肥厚、较匀整、较绿润9192.63
5条索较紧、较绿润91绿黄明亮93.5清香花香浓郁持久94醇厚回甘94肥厚、较匀整、较绿润91.592.95
6条索较紧、黄绿91黄绿明亮91.5清香略带
花香
92.5醇和回甘93肥厚、较匀整、黄绿润91.592.08
7条索较紧、较绿润90.5黄绿明亮92清香略带
花香
91.5醇和91.5肥厚、匀整、绿润9191.25
8条索较紧、深绿较润91绿明亮92清香略带
花香
91醇厚回甘92肥厚、匀整、绿润91.591.45
9条索较紧、较绿润91绿黄明亮92清香带花香92.5醇和91.5肥厚、较匀整、较绿润91.591.68
10条索较紧、较绿润91黄绿明亮92.5清香带花香92醇和91肥厚、较匀整、较绿润9191.4
11条索较紧、较绿润92黄绿明亮92清香带花香92醇和92肥厚、匀整、绿润9292
12条索较紧、黄绿较润92绿黄明亮93清香带花香93.5醇厚92.5肥厚、匀整、黄绿润9292.63
), ArticleFig(id=1320167020709130512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

桐梓古树绿茶感官品质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号外形汤色香气滋味叶底总分
评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分
1条索较紧细、绿润92黄绿明亮93清香带花香93鲜醇爽回甘94肥厚、匀整、黄绿润92.593
2条索较紧、绿润91绿明亮91.5清香带花香92醇厚回甘93肥厚、较匀整、较绿润91.591.95
3条索较紧、较匀整92黄绿明亮94清香花香浓郁持久94鲜醇爽回甘94肥厚、较匀整、绿润9293.3
4条索较紧、较绿润91黄绿明亮93.5清香花香浓郁较持久93.5醇厚回甘93.5肥厚、较匀整、较绿润9192.63
5条索较紧、较绿润91绿黄明亮93.5清香花香浓郁持久94醇厚回甘94肥厚、较匀整、较绿润91.592.95
6条索较紧、黄绿91黄绿明亮91.5清香略带
花香
92.5醇和回甘93肥厚、较匀整、黄绿润91.592.08
7条索较紧、较绿润90.5黄绿明亮92清香略带
花香
91.5醇和91.5肥厚、匀整、绿润9191.25
8条索较紧、深绿较润91绿明亮92清香略带
花香
91醇厚回甘92肥厚、匀整、绿润91.591.45
9条索较紧、较绿润91绿黄明亮92清香带花香92.5醇和91.5肥厚、较匀整、较绿润91.591.68
10条索较紧、较绿润91黄绿明亮92.5清香带花香92醇和91肥厚、较匀整、较绿润9191.4
11条索较紧、较绿润92黄绿明亮92清香带花香92醇和92肥厚、匀整、绿润9292
12条索较紧、黄绿较润92绿黄明亮93清香带花香93.5醇厚92.5肥厚、匀整、黄绿润9292.63
), ArticleFig(id=1320167020801405201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of main components of Tongzi ancient tree green tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号氨基酸含量(%)茶多酚含量(%)酚氨比咖啡碱含量(%)水浸出物
含量(%)
13.24±0.03a27.34±1.23c8.432.93±0.04c47.27±0.08b
23.47±0.04a22.90±1.57a6.592.58±0.07b42.92±0.28a
33.06±0.04a25.18±1.88b8.222.88±0.05c50.93±0.31c
43.08±0.06a23.30±1.12a7.562.68±0.04b49.25±0.13c
53.17±0.05a27.21±1.23c8.582.82±0.04c47.76±0.22b
64.39±0.07b26.92±1.24c6.133.28±0.04d51.77±0.28c
75.27±0.09c29.94±1.04d5.683.48±0.15d49.03±0.21c
84.45±0.10b32.35±1.80e7.263.10±0.09d47.49±0.24b
92.74±0.04a23.42±1.73a8.542.41±0.10b49.07±0.08c
103.27±0.08a27.72±1.82c7.983.26±0.10d51.53±0.11c
112.9±0.11a23.54±1.79b7.671.92±0.04a44.20±0.24a
124.89±0.04c28.31±1.34c5.783.26±0.07d42.78±0.18a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167020885291282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

桐梓古树绿茶主要品质成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号氨基酸含量(%)茶多酚含量(%)酚氨比咖啡碱含量(%)水浸出物
含量(%)
13.24±0.03a27.34±1.23c8.432.93±0.04c47.27±0.08b
23.47±0.04a22.90±1.57a6.592.58±0.07b42.92±0.28a
33.06±0.04a25.18±1.88b8.222.88±0.05c50.93±0.31c
43.08±0.06a23.30±1.12a7.562.68±0.04b49.25±0.13c
53.17±0.05a27.21±1.23c8.582.82±0.04c47.76±0.22b
64.39±0.07b26.92±1.24c6.133.28±0.04d51.77±0.28c
75.27±0.09c29.94±1.04d5.683.48±0.15d49.03±0.21c
84.45±0.10b32.35±1.80e7.263.10±0.09d47.49±0.24b
92.74±0.04a23.42±1.73a8.542.41±0.10b49.07±0.08c
103.27±0.08a27.72±1.82c7.983.26±0.10d51.53±0.11c
112.9±0.11a23.54±1.79b7.671.92±0.04a44.20±0.24a
124.89±0.04c28.31±1.34c5.783.26±0.07d42.78±0.18a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167020964983059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of components of catechins in Tongzi ancient tree green tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号非酯型儿茶素酯型儿茶素酯型儿茶素/非酯型儿茶素儿茶素总量
(%)
GC(%)EGC(%)C(%)EC(%)总量(%)EGCG(%)GCG(%)ECG(%)CG(%)总量(%)
11.08±0.0a0.82±0.02b1.21±0.01c0.66±0.0b3.776.99±0.04c0.04±0a1.13±0.03b0.01±0.01a8.172.1711.94
22.35±0.1b0.46±0.06a0.48±0.01a0.45±0.0a3.745.79±0.16b0.03±0a0.85±0.01a0.013±0a6.681.7910.42
32.21±0.0b0.88±0.02b0.87±0.01b0.70±0.0b4.666.85±0.10c0.05±0.02a1.03±0.02b0.008±0a7.941.712.60
42.41±0.1b0.74±0.00b0.89±0.04b0.63±0.0b4.676.69±0.18c0.05±0a0.93±0.02a0.003±0a7.671.6412.34
52.98±0.0c0.59±0.02a1.01±0.00c0.78±0.0b5.366.25±0.07c0.04±0a0.72±0a0.01±0.01a7.021.3112.38
61.09±0.0a0.47±0.00a0.53±0.01a1.05±0.0c3.146.49±0.11c0.40±0c1.04±0.01b0.04±0b7.972.5411.11
73.61±0.3d1.07±0.21c0.63±0.05a1.57±0.1d6.887.43±0.32d0.11±0.06b1.23±0.06b0.03±0b8.81.2815.68
82.48±0.0b0.98±0.04c0.54±0.02a1.30±0.0d5.306.56±0.14c0.08±0.08a1.23±0.04b0.02±0a7.891.4913.19
93.42±0.0d0.66±0.01a0.68±0.11a0.45±0.0a5.25.43±0.01b0.02±0a0.89±0a0.01±0a6.351.2211.56
102.05±0.0b0.38±0.02a1.01±0.01c1.05±0.0c4.495.87±0.08b0.03±0a0.02±0a0.004±0a5.921.3210.41
112.20±0.0b0.54±0.03a0.56±0.01a0.42±0.0a3.724.69±0.06a0.02±0a0.70±0.02a0.01±0a5.421.469.14
123.40±0.1d0.75±0.26b0.55±0.01a1.12±0.0d5.826.14±0.17b0.02±0a0.98±0.04b0.01±0a7.151.2312.97
), ArticleFig(id=1320167021036286228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

桐梓古树绿茶儿茶素组分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号非酯型儿茶素酯型儿茶素酯型儿茶素/非酯型儿茶素儿茶素总量
(%)
GC(%)EGC(%)C(%)EC(%)总量(%)EGCG(%)GCG(%)ECG(%)CG(%)总量(%)
11.08±0.0a0.82±0.02b1.21±0.01c0.66±0.0b3.776.99±0.04c0.04±0a1.13±0.03b0.01±0.01a8.172.1711.94
22.35±0.1b0.46±0.06a0.48±0.01a0.45±0.0a3.745.79±0.16b0.03±0a0.85±0.01a0.013±0a6.681.7910.42
32.21±0.0b0.88±0.02b0.87±0.01b0.70±0.0b4.666.85±0.10c0.05±0.02a1.03±0.02b0.008±0a7.941.712.60
42.41±0.1b0.74±0.00b0.89±0.04b0.63±0.0b4.676.69±0.18c0.05±0a0.93±0.02a0.003±0a7.671.6412.34
52.98±0.0c0.59±0.02a1.01±0.00c0.78±0.0b5.366.25±0.07c0.04±0a0.72±0a0.01±0.01a7.021.3112.38
61.09±0.0a0.47±0.00a0.53±0.01a1.05±0.0c3.146.49±0.11c0.40±0c1.04±0.01b0.04±0b7.972.5411.11
73.61±0.3d1.07±0.21c0.63±0.05a1.57±0.1d6.887.43±0.32d0.11±0.06b1.23±0.06b0.03±0b8.81.2815.68
82.48±0.0b0.98±0.04c0.54±0.02a1.30±0.0d5.306.56±0.14c0.08±0.08a1.23±0.04b0.02±0a7.891.4913.19
93.42±0.0d0.66±0.01a0.68±0.11a0.45±0.0a5.25.43±0.01b0.02±0a0.89±0a0.01±0a6.351.2211.56
102.05±0.0b0.38±0.02a1.01±0.01c1.05±0.0c4.495.87±0.08b0.03±0a0.02±0a0.004±0a5.921.3210.41
112.20±0.0b0.54±0.03a0.56±0.01a0.42±0.0a3.724.69±0.06a0.02±0a0.70±0.02a0.01±0a5.421.469.14
123.40±0.1d0.75±0.26b0.55±0.01a1.12±0.0d5.826.14±0.17b0.02±0a0.98±0.04b0.01±0a7.151.2312.97
), ArticleFig(id=1320167021103395093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Relative contents of characteristic volatile substances in Tongzi ancient tree green tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化学物名称1号2号3号4号5号6号7号8号9号10号11号12号
醇类相对含量(%)
1芳樟醇(甜花香)0.620.342.151.191.731.61.533.332.241.761.521.98
2橙花叔醇(玫瑰香)2.591.210.480.690.661.4200.361.210.471.160.45
3苯甲醇(芳香)0.340.942.761.21.730.411.710.720.280.780.210.99
4香叶醇(玫瑰香)0.270.541.270.180.250.090.514.610.570.270.430.12
5雪松醇(木质香)0.10000.112.130.341.750.190.1500.06
酯类相对含量(%)
1(Z)-2-甲基丙酸-3-己烯酯(果香)0.731.784.32.961.991.570.220.911.60.560.690.46
2水杨酸甲酯(清香)1.121.94.793.526.725.450.757.631.753.525.798.99
3己酸叶醇酯(果香)4.495.227.897.493.532.960.432.946.231.17.541.63
4胡萝卜籽酯(胡萝卜香)3.791.92.543.670002.083.371.912.43
5乙酸叶醇酯(青草香)0.511.210.620.290.240.510.3800.680.590.720.15
62-甲基丁酸己酯(玫瑰香)1.221.660.490.540.330.721.620.480.540.650.220.6
7顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯(果香)0.731.784.32.961.991.570.220.911.60.560.690.46
8乙酸糠酯(水果香)00.071.020.350.410.561.10.930.30.640.711.48
92-甲基戊酸甲酯(果香)1.632.352.341.611.620.490.680.591.551.180.890.38
102,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯(果香)1.420.980.220.60.9125.010.031.51.571.011.371.57
烯烃类相对含量(%)
1α-法呢烯(花香)11.878.573.256.44.364.243.535.066.895.764.846.08
2香叶烯(柠檬香)5.853.526.177.745.892.591.052.754.2910.194.174.86
37-表-反-水和倍半香桧烯水合物(香草香)1.551.21.441.521.050.650.660.80.931.961.371.11
4石竹烯(丁香)0.861.431.61.991.060.761.411.670.922.32.022.28
5雪松烯(木质香)0.310.320.190.320.050.661.001.690.460.480.360.24
6柠檬烯(柠檬香)0.311.010.160.140.060.112.1800.090.140.180.06
醛类相对含量(%)
1壬醛(花香)1.091.142.221.41.550.881.160.552.072.691.450.7
2苯甲醛(杏仁香)0.82.430.921.331.030.450.310.342.541.282.821.09
酮类相对含量(%)
1茉莉酮(茉莉花香)8.140.237.916.8815.590.160.762.097.478.0010.919.98
), ArticleFig(id=1320167021178892566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166242846101614, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

桐梓古树绿茶特征挥发性物质相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化学物名称1号2号3号4号5号6号7号8号9号10号11号12号
醇类相对含量(%)
1芳樟醇(甜花香)0.620.342.151.191.731.61.533.332.241.761.521.98
2橙花叔醇(玫瑰香)2.591.210.480.690.661.4200.361.210.471.160.45
3苯甲醇(芳香)0.340.942.761.21.730.411.710.720.280.780.210.99
4香叶醇(玫瑰香)0.270.541.270.180.250.090.514.610.570.270.430.12
5雪松醇(木质香)0.10000.112.130.341.750.190.1500.06
酯类相对含量(%)
1(Z)-2-甲基丙酸-3-己烯酯(果香)0.731.784.32.961.991.570.220.911.60.560.690.46
2水杨酸甲酯(清香)1.121.94.793.526.725.450.757.631.753.525.798.99
3己酸叶醇酯(果香)4.495.227.897.493.532.960.432.946.231.17.541.63
4胡萝卜籽酯(胡萝卜香)3.791.92.543.670002.083.371.912.43
5乙酸叶醇酯(青草香)0.511.210.620.290.240.510.3800.680.590.720.15
62-甲基丁酸己酯(玫瑰香)1.221.660.490.540.330.721.620.480.540.650.220.6
7顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯(果香)0.731.784.32.961.991.570.220.911.60.560.690.46
8乙酸糠酯(水果香)00.071.020.350.410.561.10.930.30.640.711.48
92-甲基戊酸甲酯(果香)1.632.352.341.611.620.490.680.591.551.180.890.38
102,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯(果香)1.420.980.220.60.9125.010.031.51.571.011.371.57
烯烃类相对含量(%)
1α-法呢烯(花香)11.878.573.256.44.364.243.535.066.895.764.846.08
2香叶烯(柠檬香)5.853.526.177.745.892.591.052.754.2910.194.174.86
37-表-反-水和倍半香桧烯水合物(香草香)1.551.21.441.521.050.650.660.80.931.961.371.11
4石竹烯(丁香)0.861.431.61.991.060.761.411.670.922.32.022.28
5雪松烯(木质香)0.310.320.190.320.050.661.001.690.460.480.360.24
6柠檬烯(柠檬香)0.311.010.160.140.060.112.1800.090.140.180.06
醛类相对含量(%)
1壬醛(花香)1.091.142.221.41.550.881.160.552.072.691.450.7
2苯甲醛(杏仁香)0.82.430.921.331.030.450.310.342.541.282.821.09
酮类相对含量(%)
1茉莉酮(茉莉花香)8.140.237.916.8815.590.160.762.097.478.0010.919.98
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贵州桐梓古树绿茶特征风味物质分析及其品质评价
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汪艳霞 1 , 冯霞 1, 2 , 黄国康 1 , 冯娅东 1 , 陈倩 1 , 石瑾杰 1 , 杨娟 3 , 黄小贞 1, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(11): 34-43
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (11) : 34 -43
贵州桐梓古树绿茶特征风味物质分析及其品质评价
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汪艳霞1 , 冯霞1, 2, 黄国康1, 冯娅东1, 陈倩1, 石瑾杰1, 杨娟3, 黄小贞1, *
作者信息
  • 1贵州大学茶学院,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 2黔南民族职业技术学院,贵州都匀 558000
  • 3重庆市农业科学院茶叶研究所,重庆 402160
通讯作者:
黄小贞(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:发育生物学和生物工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

汪艳霞(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工过程质量和安全,E-mail:

Characteristic Flavor Compounds and Quality Analysis of Ancient Tree Green Tea from Tongzi, Guizhou
Yanxia WANG1 , Xia FENG1, 2, Guokang HUANG1, Yadong FENG1, Qian CHEN1, Jinjie SHI1, Juan YANG3, Xiaozhen HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2Qiannan Polytechnic for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
  • 3Tea Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090162
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为探究贵州桐梓古树绿茶的特征风味物质构成及其品质,本研究以12份乔木型大叶种桐梓古树茶树单株所制烘青绿茶为研究对象,采用感官审评、高效液相色谱(HPLC)及顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术分析其感官品质、主要理化成分和挥发性香气成分,并结合聚类分析与相关性分析进行综合评估。结果表明:所有茶样感官审评总分均高于90分,具有“花香、滋味鲜醇”的典型特征。主要品质成分分析显示,样品氨基酸含量较高,最高达到5.27%,酚氨比在5.68~8.58,儿茶素总量为9.14%~15.68%,酯型与非酯型儿茶素比值较低,仅1.22~2.54。GC-MS共鉴定出24种关键香气成分,其中芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、茉莉酮、α-法呢烯及2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯等是构成其主体花果香风格的核心物质。聚类分析将12份茶样分为两大类:第一类,6号、7号和8号以高氨基酸含量和清甜风味为主,第二类以高花香、果香强度为主要特征。综上,桐梓古树绿茶品质优异,其独特的风味特征与特定的挥发性香气成分组成及含量密切相关。本研究为桐梓古树绿茶的品质评价、资源利用与产品定位提供了科学依据。

桐梓古茶树  /  绿茶  /  风味  /  品质分析  /  香气成分

To investigate the characteristic flavor compounds and quality of ancient-tree green tea from Tongzi, Guizhou. This study analyzed 12 baked green-tea samples produced from individual arbor-type large-leaf ancient trees. Sensory evaluation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were employed to determine sensory quality, key physicochemical components and volatile aroma compounds, followed by hierarchical clustering and correlation analyses for comprehensive assessment. Results showed that all teas scored above 90 points in sensory evaluation, exhibiting typical "floral aroma and fresh mellow taste". Key quality indices revealed high amino-acid contents (up to 5.27%), phenol-to-amino ratios of 5.68~8.58, total catechins at 9.14%~15.68%, and low ratios of galloylated catechins tonon-galloylated catechins (1.22~2.54). GC-MS identified 24 key aroma compounds, linalool, methyl salicylate, jasmonate, α-farnesene and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate were the core contributors to the dominant floral-fruity aroma. Cluster analysis divided the 12 samples into two groups: Group Ⅰ (samples 6, 7, 8) featured high amino acids and a sweet-mellow profile, while Group Ⅱ was characterized by intense floral and fruity aromas. In conclusion, Tongzi ancient-tree green tea possesses outstanding quality, and its unique flavor profile is closely linked to specific volatile aroma constituents and their concentrations. This study provides a scientific basis for quality evaluation, resource utilization and product positioning of Tongzi ancient-tree green tea.

Tongzi ancient tea tree  /  green tea  /  flavor  /  quality analysis  /  aroma compounds
汪艳霞, 冯霞, 黄国康, 冯娅东, 陈倩, 石瑾杰, 杨娟, 黄小贞. 贵州桐梓古树绿茶特征风味物质分析及其品质评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090162
Yanxia WANG, Xia FENG, Guokang HUANG, Yadong FENG, Qian CHEN, Jinjie SHI, Juan YANG, Xiaozhen HUANG. Characteristic Flavor Compounds and Quality Analysis of Ancient Tree Green Tea from Tongzi, Guizhou[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 34 -43 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090162
古茶树作为重要的农业文化遗产和特色茶资源,因其长期自然选择及生态适应性,积累了丰富的次生代谢产物,赋予茶叶独特的风味与健康属性[1−2]。贵州桐梓县地处北纬28°的武陵山区,拥有得天独厚的高海拔云雾环境,其古茶树群落树龄多逾百年,叶片肥厚、内含物质丰富,是地方特色茶产业的重要载体[3]。目前对古茶树的研究多集中于其遗传多样性分析[4−7]或基本品质研究分析[8−10],关键风味物质的组成及品质的系统解析,可为古茶树种质资源的特征分析和保存、产品的开发与发展奠定基础。从产业需求看,随着消费者对茶叶风味个性化与健康属性的追求,古树茶的市场溢价显著,但缺乏科学的质量评价体系。因此,通过现代分析技术明确贵州桐梓古树绿茶的特征风味物质,建立基于化学组学的品质评价方法,可为工艺优化与产品分级提供理论依据。
茶叶风味是挥发性香气与非挥发性呈味物质的协同作用结果。传统感官评价易受主观影响,而GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱联用)[11−12]及代谢组学[13−15]等技术的结合,可有效量化和鉴定关键风味成分。绿茶特征风味研究方面主要集中于名优绿茶风味特征或绿茶新工艺应用等方面。如基于HS-SPME-GC-MS,张一昊等[16]比较分析临沧普洱生茶与传统绿茶香气差异,发现普洱生茶较其他绿茶具有更丰富的香气层次与醇厚的特征,主要归因于其关键香气成分种类、含量及香气活性值更高,其中α-松油醇(木质香)、辛烯-3-醇(果甜香)、β-紫罗兰酮(花香)和二氢猕猴桃内酯(草本清香)可能是构成二者香气差异的核心物质[16];翁丽萍等[17]采用HS-SPME/GC-MS对不同区域西湖龙井茶的香气物质进行分析与比较,发现茶样分为四大区域,区域分组贡献较大的物质中芳樟醇、柠檬烯、香叶烯、γ-萜品烯的含量存在极显著差异,4-松油醇、苯乙醛、2-丁基-1-辛醇、癸醛、α-松油醇、(E)-β-法尼烯、Z-己酸-3-己烯酯的含量存在显著差异。可见HS-SPME-GC-MS等技术已较为成熟地应用于茶叶风味物质鉴定。
古树茶的风味独特性可能源于其高含量的萜烯类、芳香族衍生物及氨基酸(如茶氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸),这些物质受树龄、生态环境及加工工艺共同调控[18−19]。目前乔木型大叶种茶树由于其多酚类物质含量较高以制作红茶类较多,绿茶多在云南制作生普类绿茶,较少应用于烘青类绿茶。本研究以贵州桐梓县乔木型大叶种古树茶鲜叶为原料制作烘青绿茶,结合HS-SPME/GC-MS(顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱)和HPLC(高效液相色谱)技术,系统鉴定其挥发性香气与非挥发性滋味物质,分析确定其关键风味成分。进一步采用化学计量学建立风味物质与感官评分的量化关联模型,最终构建贵州桐梓古树绿茶品质评价体系,为古树茶资源开发利用提供科学依据。
2025年4月,于贵州省遵义市桐梓县,分别采摘箭头村的箭头1号、箭头2号、箭头5号、箭头6号、箭头7号,凤凰村的金凤凰1号、金凤凰2号、金凤凰3号,茅坝坪的1号、2号、3号,大田村的大田1号等12个树龄在100年以上的乔木型古茶树单株资源一芽二叶鲜叶,分别编号1~12号。各采摘点地理信息如表1所示。
57328-U萃取头(50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS) 美国 Supelco 公司;7890B-7000D气相色谱-质谱联用仪、DB-5MS 色谱柱(30 mm×0.25 mm,0.25 μm) 安捷伦科技中国有限公司;20 AD高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)、UV-2550紫外-可见分光光度计 日本岛津公司。
将采摘的鲜叶(水分含量在75.15%~77.99%)在摊青槽中摊晾3 h,用热风杀青(温度250 ℃左右,时间2~3 min),揉捻40 min,解块,用无风电热烘焙干燥至茶叶含水率5%~6%。
感官审评参照GB/T 23776-2018《茶叶感官审评方法和评分标准》[20]。其中外形25%、汤色10%、香气25%、滋味30%和叶底10%。根据标准,按外形、汤色、香气、滋味和叶底“五因子”,采用百分制,评分标准及审评术语按绿茶品质评语与各因子评分标准进行。审评员7人,都经过严格的评茶培训并取得高级评茶员以上证书,审评得分为7人评分的平均值,由主评综合7人结果给出最后评语。
水浸出物含量:参照GB/T 8305-2013《茶水浸出物测定》测定[21]。游离氨基酸含量:参照GB/T 8314-2013《茶游离氨基酸总量测定》中茚三酮比色法测定[22]。茶多酚含量:参照GB/T 8313-2018《茶叶中茶多酚和儿茶素类含量的检测方法》中福林酚试剂法测定[23]。咖啡碱含量:参照GB/T 8312-2013《茶咖啡碱测定》测定[24]。
儿茶素含量[25−26]:取适量茶粉,在70 ℃水浴条件下用70%甲醇提取10 min,3500 r·min−1离心后过0.45 μm滤膜,待测。色谱仪:LC-1200;色谱柱(Agelatechnologies,TC-C18柱),流动相:A相:0.1%甲酸水溶液,B相:含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液;梯度洗脱条件:0~1 min(85% A),1~2 min(80% A),2~8 min(80% A),8~15 min(75% A),15~23 min(75% A),23~25 min(85% A),25~30 min(85% A),流速 0.8 mL·min−1;进样量5 μL;紫外检测波长:280 nm;柱温:35 ℃。
顶空固相微萃取法:量取20 mL沸水(去离子水)倒入60 mL顶空瓶,称取4 g茶粉样品及3 g氯化钾倒入顶空瓶,再加入20 mL沸腾去离子水,立即封盖并放入60 ℃集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器中(480 r/min),待稳定6 min后,将固相微萃取头插入顶空瓶中吸附50 min,最后,将挥发性化合物在250 ℃下解吸5 min,以进行下一步分析。每个样品重复3次。
气相色谱-质谱条件:色谱条件:DB-5MS色谱柱(30 mm×0.25 mm,0.25 μm),升温程序:起始柱温40 ℃,以7 ℃/min升到100 ℃,保持1 min,再以5 ℃/min升到170 ℃,保持1 min,以5 ℃/min升到230 ℃,保持1 min,最后以9 ℃/min升到260 ℃,保持0 min。进样体积1 μL,载气为氦气,流速2.25 mL/min,进样口温度为250 ℃,不分流进样,平均线速度36.262 cm/sec。质谱条件:电子轰击(electron impact,EI)离子源,离子源温度230 ℃,溶剂延迟3.75 min,扫描范围(MS1):40~400 u。
定性定量分析:通过固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法获得每个样品的色谱图,记录香气组分的峰面积、保留指数(retention index,RI)、出峰时间、相似度(syn)、相对分子质量和CAS号,由GC-MS分析得到的质谱图经NIST W8N08L标准谱库的检索,并结合相关文献核对确定各化学成分,根据峰面积归一法得到各香气成分的相对含量。
采用Office Excel 2010软件对香气数据进行整理、统计,采用SPSS 20.0软件对理化成分及感官审评结果进行方差分析。采用SIMCA-14.1软件进行层次聚类分析(HCA)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)及其置换检验,并基于变量投影重要性值(variables important in the projection,VIP)>1.0、P<0.05筛选差异香气成分,采用TBtools软件进行香气成分可视化聚类分析[27]。
分别对12个桐梓古树绿茶茶样进行感官品质分析,结果如表2所示。
由表2可知,贵州桐梓12个古茶树单株所制绿茶在感官品质上整体品质优异,总分均在90分以上。外形上,评分介于90.5~92分之间,各茶样均表现出条索紧结度和色泽的润度,其中1号、3号、11号和12号茶样外形评分较高,均为92分。汤色方面,各茶样评分在91.5~94分之间,3号样品的汤色评分最高,为94分。香气方面,各茶样评分均较高,在91~94分,且12个茶样均带有花香,其中3号和5号茶样香气评分最高,均为94分。滋味上,各茶样评分也较高,在91~94分之间,其中,1号、3号和5号样品滋味“鲜醇爽、回甘”且评分高达94分,说明了其滋味的鲜爽度和协调性,其余多数样品表现为醇厚回甘,滋味浓郁度和持续性较好。叶底均表现优异,各茶样均有肥厚、匀整、绿润的特点,反映了古树茶鲜叶原料的质地。综合来看,桐梓古树绿茶感官品质较高,以带有特殊“花香”香气特征和“鲜醇、回甘”的滋味特点构成了其独特的感官品质风格。
分别对桐梓古树绿茶的游离氨基酸含量、茶多酚含量、咖啡碱含量及水浸出物含量等主要品质成分进行测定分析,结果如表3所示。
水浸出物含量是茶汤厚度和物质丰富度的重要指标。由表3可知,桐梓古树绿茶12个样品,水浸出物含量均较高,均达到40%以上,其中最低的是12号,水浸出物含量为42.78%,3号、6号和10号,都达到50%以上。说明桐梓古树绿茶都有较高的茶汤浓度和物质丰富度。氨基酸是构成茶汤滋味和色泽的重要成分。氨基酸含量是衡量绿茶鲜爽味的关键指标之一,对茶叶滋味品质有显著影响。由表3可知,12个桐梓古树绿茶样品的氨基酸含量在2.74%~5.27%,整体均表现出较高的氨基酸积累水平,其中7号样品最高,达到5.27%;6、7、8、12号样品也均高于4.0%,9号样品最低,为2.74%,与牛淼等[2]同为4月采摘的易武古茶树氨基酸含量水平较为相当。在茶叶中,茶多酚的含量尤为丰富,是茶叶汤色和口感的决定性因素,对绿茶的品质具有重要影响。然而,当茶多酚在茶汤中的含量过高时,主要表现出的苦涩口感可能会对茶汤的整体品质造成负面影响,导致口感质量下降。由表3可知,8号样本的茶多酚含量最高为32.35%,而其他样本含量皆在25%~30%。特别地,2号和9号样本的茶多酚含量相对较低为22.9%、23.42%。酚氨比,指茶多酚与氨基酸的含量比值,可以作为茶叶适制性的重要指标,一般来说酚氨比<8适制绿茶,酚氨比在8~15,红、绿茶兼制。由表3可知,12个桐梓古树绿茶样酚氨比差异较大,分别在5.68~8.58,12个样品中仅有1、3、5和9四个样品酚氨比略高于8,显示出整体酚氨比相对较低,是取样的12个样品适合制作绿茶的重要佐证。咖啡碱是茶汤苦味口感的重要呈现物质,还可与氨基酸、茶黄素缔合形成具有鲜爽味的滋味物质[28]。由表3可知,12个桐梓古树绿茶样咖啡碱含量均较低,其中咖啡碱含量较高的6号、7号、8号、10号、12号茶样咖啡碱含量高于3%;而1号、2号、3号、4号、5号、9号样本的咖啡碱含量在2%~3%;11号样本的咖啡碱含量最低,仅1.92%。
茶叶中含有丰富的酯型和非酯型儿茶素,是茶叶主要成分,主要由儿茶素(C)、表儿茶素(EC)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)以及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)组成。其中ECG、EGCG是主要的酯型儿茶素,EGC、EC和C是主要非酯型儿茶素[29]。酯型儿茶素有较强的苦涩味和收敛性且具有抗氧化、防癌抗癌、降血脂、除胆固醇、抑制细菌病毒、抗糖尿病等保健药用功效[28−29],是茶汤苦涩味的重要来源物质,亦是影响茶叶品质好坏的重要指标之一;非酯型儿茶素的苦涩味和收敛性较弱,回味清爽。因此分析不同茶叶品种(系)儿茶素类型和含量至关重要[30]。对桐梓古树绿茶的儿茶素组成及含量进行比较分析,结果如表4所示。
由表4可知,桐梓古树绿茶12个茶样的儿茶素总量在9.14%~15.68%;其中非酯型儿茶素在儿茶素中占比均较小且差异显著(P<0.05),以GC和EC为主;酯型儿茶素含量占比最大,各样品均以EGCG含量最高,其次为ECG、GCG,CG。12个茶样的酯型儿茶素与非酯型儿茶素的比值均较低,在1.22~2.54之间,且差异显著(P<0.05),其中除1号和6号茶样酯型儿茶素与非酯型儿茶素的比值>2,其他茶样都在1.5左右。
不同香气成分在12个桐梓古树绿茶中存在不同程度的差异,GC-MS色谱图如图1所示,分析鉴定发现,12个桐梓古树绿茶茶样中共鉴定出332种挥发性物质,包括醇类53种、酯类79种、酮类25种、烯烃类22种、醛类14种、有机酸类16种、萜类30种、其他化合物93种(图2)。从化合物的数量占比看,醇类占比15.96%、酯类占比23.80%、萜类占比9.04%、酮类占比7.53%,这四种化合物数量最多。
采用面积归一法得到不同桐梓古树绿茶各香气组分的相对含量,其中相对含量>1%的有24种,共5类,其中醇类有5种,酯类有10种,烯烃类有6种,酮类有1种,醛类有2种,如表5所示。这些相对含量较高的香气成分在茶中主要贡献玫瑰香、茉莉香、木兰香、紫罗兰香等花香,杏仁香、橙香、柠檬香等果香,以及木香、清香等特征香气类型[30−33]。
由表5可知,5种特征性醇类挥发性物质中,芳樟醇在12个桐梓古树绿茶样本中均被检出,相对含量介于0.34%~3.33%,尤其在8号、3号和9号中含量较高,分别达到3.33%、2.15%和2.24%。香叶醇和橙花叔醇虽同属玫瑰香型花香型物质,但分布不同,香叶醇在样本8中含量最高,达4.61%,其次是3号1.27%,其他样品中含量均<1%。而橙花叔醇则在样本1中含量最高,达2.59%,在7号中未检出。苯甲醇在不同样本间波动较大,3号中含量最高,达2.76%,11号最低,仅0.21%。木质香的雪松醇多数样本中含量较低,多低于1%,仅6号达2.13%。
10种特征性酯类挥发性物质中表现为果香的特征成分较多,分别有(Z)-2-甲基丙酸-3-己烯酯、己酸叶醇酯、顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯、乙酸糠酯、2-甲基戊酸甲酯和2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯,其中己酸叶醇酯在各样本中含量均较高,除在7号中含量仅0.43%,其余样本中均超过1%,在3号、4号和11号中甚至超过7%。水杨酸甲酯含量也普遍较高,尤其在12号、8号和5号样本中表现突出,分别达8.99%、7.63%和6.72%。乙酸叶醇酯(青草香)与水杨酸甲酯(清香)虽同属清香型物质,但分布特征不同,乙酸叶醇酯仅在2号样本中含量较高,为1.21%。胡萝卜籽酯(胡萝卜香)在6号、7号和8号中未检,而其他样本中含量总体均较高,均超过1%,最高在1号中,达到3.79%。酯类物质中,2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯在6号、7号和8号中含量都较高,均超过10%。
6种烯烃类挥发性物质中,α-法呢烯在12个样本中含量均较高,尤其在1号和2号样本中分别达到11.87%和8.57%。香叶烯在12个样本中含量也均较高,在10号样本中含量最高,为10.19%,4号样本次之,为7.74%,在7号和8号样本中含量较低,也达到1.05%和2.75%。石竹烯整体含量介于0.76%~2.30%之间,在10号、12号和11号样本中含量较高,分别为2.30%、2.28%和2.02%。具有木质和香草特征的烯烃类物质整体含量偏低,雪松烯(木质香)在8号和7号样本中含量较高,分别为1.69%和1.00%,而在其他样本中多低于0.5%。7-表-反-水和倍半香桧烯水合物普遍分布于1%~2%之间,在10号样本中含量最高,为1.96%,在6号样本中最低,仅0.65%,表明其存在较广泛但强度不高。柠檬烯在多数样本中含量均低于0.5%,仅在7号样本中显著偏高,达2.18%,且其在8号样本中未检出。
醛类挥发性物质中,壬醛和苯甲醛相对含量较高,其中壬醛相对含量介于0.55%~2.69%,在10号样本中含量最高,达到2.69%;苯甲醛在11号样本中含量最高,为2.82%,在2号茶样中也达到2.43%。酮类挥发性物质中,茉莉酮的含量差异最为显著,其相对含量在0.16%~19.98%,其中,5号、11号和12号样本中茉莉酮含量均超过10%,分别达到15.59%,10.9%和19.98%。然而,在6号与7号中,茉莉酮含量极低,仅0.16%和0.76%。
茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱等主要内含成分和特征香气成分都是构成茶叶主要风味的主要物质。基于主要品质成分和特征香气成分对研究的12个桐梓古树绿茶单株茶样进行聚类分析,结果如图3和图4所示。
由图3和图4可知,12个桐梓古树绿茶茶样主要分为2类,其中采自凤凰村的6号、7号和8号始终在一类,这类氨基酸含量最高,鲜爽滋味显著,以2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯为突出的香气成分,其香气以清甜香气为主,略带花香,另一类中,较为突出的是特征香气成分,由图4可知,3号、4号、10号、5号、12号、1号、9号、2号具有香气的挥发性物质相对含量较多的集中在图的上端,包含了茉莉酮、水杨酸甲酯、己酸叶醇酯、α-法呢烯、香叶烯等挥发性物质。其中茉莉酮具有花香和甘甜风味;水杨酸甲酯具有冬青油般的清香;己酸叶醇酯具有苹果和梨的香气;α-法呢烯具有十分浓烈的花香;香叶烯具有清淡的香气。
本研究系统评价了贵州桐梓县12个古茶树单株绿茶的品质特征,结果表明桐梓古树绿茶整体品质优异,感官审评总分均在90分以上,呈现出“花香明显、滋味鲜醇”的独特风格。生化成分分析显示,12个古茶树单株绿茶样品水浸出物含量均较高,都超过40%,同时都含有丰富的游离氨基酸,最高达到5.27%,以及多数<8的适中的酚氨比,这些共同构成了茶汤浓醇、鲜爽、苦涩感低的物质基础。儿茶素分析进一步显示,12个古茶树单株绿茶酯型与非酯型儿茶素比值均较低,仅在1.22~2.54之间,表明其潜在的苦涩味较轻,这与感官审评中“醇厚回甘”的滋味描述相吻合。香气成分鉴定出24种关键挥发性物质,芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、茉莉酮、α-法呢烯及2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯等是构成其花果香风格的核心成分。聚类分析将12份茶样分为两类,分别以6、7、8号高氨基酸清甜型和高花香果香型为主要特征,揭示了不同单株资源在风味类型上的分化。
茶叶的风味是品种、环境、树龄及加工工艺共同作用的结果。本研究中桐梓古树绿茶普遍表现出高氨基酸和适宜酚氨比的特征,这可能与其树龄及特殊的生长环境密切相关。古茶树根系发达,能够吸收更深层土壤的养分,且长期适应高海拔、多云雾的生态条件,可能有利于氮代谢和鲜味氨基酸的积累。此外,研究还发现部分样品表现出异于其他样品的独特特征:同一区域、海拔最高的凤凰村的6号、7号、8号以高氨基酸含量和含量较高及贡献了特征的果香的2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯,可能对桐梓古树绿茶独特的甜香风味有重要贡献,尤其是7号的氨基酸含量显著高于其他样品;在香气构成方面,桐梓古树绿茶的关键香气成分与许多优质绿茶有共同之处,如芳樟醇、香叶醇、苯甲醇等醇类物质共同塑造了其典型的花果香韵[34],而5号、11号和12号则在茉莉酮等花香成分上表现突出,表现出明显的花香,这些特征成分的具体来源及形成机制有待深入探究。与霍华珍等[35]对广西本地群体种选育品系的研究及Li等[36]研究的不同品种的茶树制作绿茶相比,均证实了品种(系)对绿茶香气成分组成的关键影响,但桐梓古树绿茶在香气类型上似乎更集中于花果香,这可能与树种、地域环境及加工工艺的差异有关。这些内含成分与香气组成的差异反映了古茶树群体内丰富的遗传多样性,为后续的优良单株选育提供了物质基础。
然而本研究仍存在一定局限。首先,样品均采自同一时期的同一嫩度标准,未能探究不同采摘季节或嫩度对风味的影响。其次,虽然鉴定了大量挥发性成分,但仅基于相对含量进行分析,未能结合香气阈值计算香气活性值,以更精确地评估各类成分对整体香气的实际贡献。此外,滋味形成的机理复杂,本研究虽分析了主要生化成分与感官得分的关联,但未能进一步解析关键呈味氨基酸的组成及其贡献度。综上,贵州桐梓古树绿茶品质优异,风味独特,其品质特征的形成是古茶树特异种质资源与特定生态环境协同作用的结果。未来研究可结合代谢组学、转录组学等技术,深入解析其风味物质合成的分子机制;同时,可系统研究栽培管理措施(如修剪、施肥)及加工工艺参数优化对其品质的调控作用,以推动这一特色资源的科学保护与高效利用。桐梓古茶树资源具有较高的遗传多样性和品质潜力,可在保护原有生态环境的基础上,进行科学选育与推广,避免过度开采,实现资源的可持续利用。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090162
  • 接收时间:2025-09-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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    1贵州大学茶学院,贵州贵阳 550025
    2黔南民族职业技术学院,贵州都匀 558000
    3重庆市农业科学院茶叶研究所,重庆 402160

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黄小贞(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:发育生物学和生物工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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