Article(id=1320166375042175031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090132, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757606400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681791314, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681791314, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681791314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681791314, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=25, endPage=33, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166375377719353, articleId=1320166375042175031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Influence of Tea Processing Methods on the Volatile Components of Green Tea, columnId=1320166375281250360, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editorsx, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The volatile composition of tea is a key determinant of its sensory quality, with processing methods significantly influencing the formation and retention of aroma compounds. This study investigated the impact of traditional manual versus mechanized processing on the aroma profile of green tea produced from fresh leaves sourced from Wugang City, Henan Province. Sensory evaluation, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis, differences in volatile components were systematically examined. Results indicated that both methods yielded tea samples with favorable sensory quality, with manually processed tea showing more uniform appearance and mechanically processed tea exhibiting brighter liquor color. Traditional manual processing was more effective in retaining key aroma compounds such as alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, while mechanized processing excelled in preserving esters, terpenes and offered higher process stability. ROAV-based analysis of key aroma components revealed higher levels of trans-2-nonen-1-ol and indole in mechanically processed tea, whereas geraniol, 2,3-butanedione, and geranyl acetone were more prominent in manually processed tea. These findings suggested that traditional processing yielded a richer diversity and concentration of aroma compounds, whereas mechanized processing ensured greater consistency in product quality. This study enhanced the theoretical understanding of tea processing and provided a foundation for optimizing green tea aroma quality by integrating the advantages of both manual and mechanized methods.

, authors=Yao XIA1, Junqi GUO1, Zilu JIA1, Yafei WANG1, Hui SU1, Qiongqiong ZHOU1, Xiaojun AN2, Shenying LI2, Renliang ZHAO1, *, authorsList=Yao XIA, Junqi GUO, Zilu JIA, Yafei WANG, Hui SU, Qiongqiong ZHOU, Xiaojun AN, Shenying LI, Renliang ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Renliang ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166376459849792, articleId=1320166375042175031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=制茶方式对绿茶挥发性成分的影响, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

茶叶的挥发性成分是决定其感官品质的核心因素,而不同的制茶方式对茶叶香气物质的形成与保留具有显著影响。本研究以河南省舞钢市茶鲜叶为原料,通过传统手工与机械化加工两种方式制备绿茶,分析其挥发性香气成分的差异;结合感官审评、顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)、相对气味活度值(ROAV)分析等方法,探讨制茶方式对绿茶香气品质的影响。研究发现,传统手工制茶和机械化加工所得茶样感官品质均较优,手工茶样外形更平整,机械加工茶样汤色更明亮;传统手工制茶在保留醇类、酮类、醛类等关键香气物质方面更具优势,而机械化加工在酯类、萜类方面及工艺稳定性表现突出,关键香气成分分析显示,反-2-壬烯-1-醇和吲哚的ROAV在机械加工茶样中较高,而香叶醇、2,3-丁二酮、香叶基丙酮等在手工茶样中含量更高。研究结果表明传统手工制作的茶叶香气化合物种类和数量多于机械化加工的,但机械化加工其品质稳定性要优于手工制茶,该研究进一步丰富了茶叶加工的基础理论体系,为后续通过工艺改良实现手工与机械化加工优势互补、精准调控绿茶香气品质奠定了重要基础。

, authors=夏瑶1, 郭俊齐1, 贾子璐1, 王亚菲1, 苏会1, 周琼琼1, 安晓军2, 李甚颖2, 赵仁亮1, *, authorsList=夏瑶, 郭俊齐, 贾子璐, 王亚菲, 苏会, 周琼琼, 安晓军, 李甚颖, 赵仁亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵仁亮, authorNote=

夏瑶(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵仁亮(1983−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:。
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Food Chemistry, 2019, 274: 130−136., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320167100484793310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HO C T, ZHENG X, LI S M. Tea aroma formation[J]. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2015, 4(1): 9−27., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320167084848427872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167084856816481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, companyId=1320167084848427872, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167084869399394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, companyId=1320167084848427872, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河南农业大学园艺学院,河南郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320167085263663971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167085272052580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, companyId=1320167085263663971, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Henan Qianbao Agricultural Planting Co., Ltd., Wugang 462541, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167085280441189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, companyId=1320167085263663971, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河南省千宝农业种植有限责任公司,河南舞钢 462541)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320167091605451677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Classification of volatile compounds in machine-processed and manually-processed wugang green tea, figureFileSmall=tKX3rAiIlAcFljqicNa2Xw==, figureFileBig=zpEUQm1L7zwGqyfX3vanog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167091672560542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=CN, label=图1, caption=机械加工和手工制作舞钢绿茶挥发性成分分类

注:图中#表示浓度占比差异显著(P<0.05);##表示浓度占比差异显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=tKX3rAiIlAcFljqicNa2Xw==, figureFileBig=zpEUQm1L7zwGqyfX3vanog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167093329310623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Score plots and validation model plot of PCA and PLS-DA for volatile compounds in machine-processed and manually-processed wugang green tea, figureFileSmall=RdqowYYfZ8G+Uvr2qSW2yw==, figureFileBig=6Pq6IDjOvOuksl8WD2NTbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167093417391008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=CN, label=图2, caption=机械加工和手工制作舞钢绿茶挥发性成分的PCA、PLS-DA得分图、验证模型图, figureFileSmall=RdqowYYfZ8G+Uvr2qSW2yw==, figureFileBig=6Pq6IDjOvOuksl8WD2NTbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167093488694177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Heatmap of key differential volatile compounds in machine-processed and manually-processed wugang green tea, figureFileSmall=ynmW8/AjERgX25pr7eaezA==, figureFileBig=J25rl8jvfNrFUQkSzwT9+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167093547414434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=CN, label=图3, caption=机械加工和手工制作舞钢绿茶中关键差异性挥发性成分热图, figureFileSmall=ynmW8/AjERgX25pr7eaezA==, figureFileBig=J25rl8jvfNrFUQkSzwT9+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167093627106211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation of machine-processed and manually-processed wugang green tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茶样外形(25%)汤色(10%)香气(25%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总分
评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语
A191欠扁平、直、尚光滑93黄绿、明亮93嫩香95鲜醇94嫩绿、匀齐93.2
A290欠扁平、不直、尚光滑91黄绿、尚明亮92清香95鲜醇91嫩绿、尚匀齐92.2
A391扁平、不直、尚光滑90黄绿、尚明亮93嫩香96鲜醇92嫩绿、尚匀齐93
B194扁平、直、光滑91浅黄、明亮93清香92鲜爽93鲜嫩、尚明亮92.75
B295扁平、直、光滑92黄绿、尚明亮96清香、带花香94鲜醇92嫩绿94.35
B391扁平、直、尚光滑88浅黄、尚明亮95嫩香、带花香89鲜爽略带糊味93嫩绿、尚明亮91.3
), ArticleFig(id=1320167093690020772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

机械和手工制作舞钢绿茶感官审评

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茶样外形(25%)汤色(10%)香气(25%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总分
评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语评分评语
A191欠扁平、直、尚光滑93黄绿、明亮93嫩香95鲜醇94嫩绿、匀齐93.2
A290欠扁平、不直、尚光滑91黄绿、尚明亮92清香95鲜醇91嫩绿、尚匀齐92.2
A391扁平、不直、尚光滑90黄绿、尚明亮93嫩香96鲜醇92嫩绿、尚匀齐93
B194扁平、直、光滑91浅黄、明亮93清香92鲜爽93鲜嫩、尚明亮92.75
B295扁平、直、光滑92黄绿、尚明亮96清香、带花香94鲜醇92嫩绿94.35
B391扁平、直、尚光滑88浅黄、尚明亮95嫩香、带花香89鲜爽略带糊味93嫩绿、尚明亮91.3
), ArticleFig(id=1320167093778101157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Volatile components and relative content of wugang green tea by mechanical and handmade methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别化合物名称保留指数相对含量(%)香气特征
A1A2A3B1B2B3
醇类2-甲基-1-丙醇1.9113.4603.9133.6094.1504.3304.258醇甜香
醇类3-戊醇2.3630.2060.2820.2490.0740.0950.049温和的醇香
醇类1-戊醇3.020.2080.1910.2010.1600.1410.146醇香与果香
醇类1-己醇4.2290.0900.0720.0820.2090.2440.185淡淡的果香和醇香
醇类2-乙基-1-己醇7.3750.2110.2350.1600.0420.0380.053微弱果香和醇香
醇类苯甲醇7.5320.1530.1330.1390.0680.1790.160花香和醇香
醇类苯乙醇9.9390.5910.4180.3260.4880.4780.674玫瑰花香
醇类1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇10.0040.2190.2100.2820.0330.0290.096微弱的花香和醇香
醇类α,4-二甲基环己烷甲醇14.2070.1900.1330.1330.1370.1370.111微弱的醇香
醇类1-癸醇16.0860.0880.0380.0360.1700.1630.174果香和醇香
醇类1-十二醇25.1730.4250.4050.2900.0650.1360.140淡淡的醇香
醇类柏木醇30.8810.0360.0360.1250.0400.0400.047松木香
醇类1-十六醇35.92411.50410.90710.2997.5137.7317.526淡淡的醇香
醇类反-2-己烯-1-醇4.1470.0400.0390.0550.0420.0280.030草香与花香
醇类3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇9.651.1041.0171.0221.1961.0010.895花香和木香
醇类芳樟醇9.3981.0941.0171.0221.1961.2721.287优雅的花香
醇类4-萜品醇12.1390.0970.0960.0830.2080.2230.231松针和清凉的香气
醇类α-松油醇12.6260.2470.2040.2110.1530.1380.131花香和松木香
醇类香叶醇15.2893.1913.0422.5645.6815.4696.669玫瑰花香
酯类γ-壬内酯20.1030.0840.0760.0500.1720.1690.192奶香和甜香
酯类5-癸内酯26.2970.1320.1270.1240.1200.1170.183奶香和甜香
酯类二氢猕猴桃内酯27.5960.1510.1520.1490.2170.2020.276甜香和果香
酯类(Z)-7-癸烯-5-内酯27.2540.1580.1480.1250.2160.2210.342水果和甜香
酯类乙酸甲酯1.3833.4603.1973.3254.1504.3304.277水果香味
酯类2-乙酰基丁内酯4.8770.0120.0070.0070.0050.0040.005有奶香、焦糖香
酯类丙酸异戊酯5.9620.2080.1920.2220.0760.0880.101水果香气
酯类己酸乙酯6.6370.2830.3290.2810.0000.0000.000水果香
酯类苯甲酸甲酯9.2340.2340.2540.1660.0930.0630.078水果香和花香
酯类甲酸辛酯9.8740.6980.6250.6780.4710.4050.362水果香
酯类顺-3-己烯醇丁酸酯12.5440.1950.1790.2240.3040.2720.295水果和青草香
酯类乙酸苯乙酯15.3750.0280.0330.0230.0330.0320.048花香和甜香
酯类2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯19.1441.5361.3031.1940.3870.3540.120水果香和花香
酯类邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯19.1880.0470.0270.0490.0320.0480.049甜香和花香
酯类己酸己酯21.1110.4000.6840.5131.1921.2211.112水果香,类似梨
酯类反-2-己烯醇己酸酯21.70920.44619.58422.63715.38514.91314.739葡萄香气
酯类2-(甲氨基)苯甲酸甲酯22.2480.0130.0040.0080.1410.1550.143甜香和花香
酯类十一酸乙酯26.1980.0110.0140.0120.0880.0830.057水果香
酯类顺-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯29.4680.3310.5380.3790.5930.6110.650水果和花香
酯类茉莉酸甲酯32.0610.6910.7070.6780.8160.9850.915茉莉花香
酯类顺-3-己烯醇水杨酸酯33.0020.3460.3780.2810.4140.3990.426水果和清新的草本香
酯类苯甲酸苄酯34.3590.0450.0670.0420.0870.0880.135花香和果香
醛类异丁醛1.5053.4603.9133.7525.1225.0085.196果香和草香
醛类2-甲基丁醛2.1570.1760.3200.2670.3040.2800.432强烈的果香
醛类对甲基苯甲醛8.760.0420.0370.0230.1420.1920.122甜香和杏仁香
醛类藏红花醛13.1270.0520.0450.0420.0370.0360.039花香和甜香
醛类2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-甲醛15.2460.0170.0150.0160.0190.0180.021果香和花香
醛类3-甲基-2-丁烯醛3.2240.0200.0350.0340.0280.0260.023果香和辛香
醛类柠檬醛16.0860.1770.1680.1540.5380.5440.636强烈的柠檬香
醛类反-柠檬醛15.950.0590.1680.1540.7780.5440.636清新的柠檬香气
酮类2,3-丁二酮1.7333.4603.9133.8945.1225.0085.196奶油、甜香的气息,提升香气的丰富度和醇厚感
酮类2,2,6-三甲基环己酮7.5320.2320.2040.1710.0570.0610.054木香和果香
酮类苯乙酮8.340.0670.1110.0770.2130.1510.220甜香和果香
酮类3,3,5-三甲基环己酮8.5770.1090.0910.0920.0540.0510.040木香和果香
酮类4'-羟基苯乙酮24.3260.0740.0970.0300.1480.1370.145甜香和果香
酮类2-十三烷酮26.3470.0350.0260.0280.0190.0220.031微弱的果香和酮香
酮类覆盆子酮27.8561.1171.0821.1531.7661.7771.586覆盆子的水果香
酮类6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6.3230.6300.6750.7100.3710.2960.218果香和辛香
酮类(E)-3-辛烯-2-酮7.4530.0830.0470.1290.2090.2800.288果香和酮香
酮类2-壬烯-4-酮10.2030.0860.0830.0700.2780.2080.209果香和酮香
酮类2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮10.8940.6630.6230.5050.6110.4960.637木香和果香
酮类β-大马士酮21.2091.6291.8421.8440.1320.1370.117浓郁的花香和甜香
酮类α-紫罗兰酮23.0220.0730.0520.0360.0730.0580.085紫罗兰般的花香
酮类香叶基丙酮24.2340.5990.4440.3181.0491.1761.193微弱的花香和果香
酮类β-紫罗兰酮25.8020.1160.1480.1670.8560.8560.901雅的花香
萜类α-蒎烯5.3370.9280.5270.4760.3980.6240.442松木香
萜类月桂烯6.4330.4170.3990.3040.4440.4420.305清新的花香和柑橘香
萜类3-蒈烯6.8990.4440.4240.4780.6270.6330.713松木香
萜类α-萜品烯7.0450.0140.0100.0090.0110.0110.034松针般香气
萜类罗勒烯7.5580.5280.5370.5390.0690.0910.099花香和草香
萜类萜品烯9.0420.1030.1000.0970.1290.1070.127松针和柑橘香
萜类γ-萜品8.1950.3790.4550.4120.0660.0650.086松针和柠檬香
其他类2,5-二甲基吡嗪4.980.0000.0000.0000.1250.1410.137烤香、坚果香
其他类2,6-二甲基吡嗪4.980.0100.0080.0060.0160.0180.028烤香和坚果香气
其他类2(5H)-呋喃酮4.9970.1950.1750.1820.0400.0270.011甜香、焦糖香
其他类2-戊基呋喃6.4780.0750.1630.0920.0850.0800.092焦糖、坚果香
其他类2-乙酰基吡咯8.310.2350.2240.2230.0210.0220.101烤香和坚果香
其他类6,7-二氢-5-甲基-5H-环戊并(c)吡喃11.0750.0630.1400.0970.0470.0440.060甜香
其他类吲哚17.11716.86817.04716.53213.20512.88313.072
其他类苯乙烯4.5890.0660.1390.0940.0470.0460.032甜香和橡胶
其他类顺式茴芹脑16.6870.2690.2240.1790.5500.5900.592香辛料香气
其他类(E)-2-甲基-3,5-庚二烯9.5240.0890.1340.0460.0720.0720.064清新的草香和淡淡的果香
), ArticleFig(id=1320167093857792934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

机械和手工制作舞钢绿茶挥发性成分及相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别化合物名称保留指数相对含量(%)香气特征
A1A2A3B1B2B3
醇类2-甲基-1-丙醇1.9113.4603.9133.6094.1504.3304.258醇甜香
醇类3-戊醇2.3630.2060.2820.2490.0740.0950.049温和的醇香
醇类1-戊醇3.020.2080.1910.2010.1600.1410.146醇香与果香
醇类1-己醇4.2290.0900.0720.0820.2090.2440.185淡淡的果香和醇香
醇类2-乙基-1-己醇7.3750.2110.2350.1600.0420.0380.053微弱果香和醇香
醇类苯甲醇7.5320.1530.1330.1390.0680.1790.160花香和醇香
醇类苯乙醇9.9390.5910.4180.3260.4880.4780.674玫瑰花香
醇类1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇10.0040.2190.2100.2820.0330.0290.096微弱的花香和醇香
醇类α,4-二甲基环己烷甲醇14.2070.1900.1330.1330.1370.1370.111微弱的醇香
醇类1-癸醇16.0860.0880.0380.0360.1700.1630.174果香和醇香
醇类1-十二醇25.1730.4250.4050.2900.0650.1360.140淡淡的醇香
醇类柏木醇30.8810.0360.0360.1250.0400.0400.047松木香
醇类1-十六醇35.92411.50410.90710.2997.5137.7317.526淡淡的醇香
醇类反-2-己烯-1-醇4.1470.0400.0390.0550.0420.0280.030草香与花香
醇类3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇9.651.1041.0171.0221.1961.0010.895花香和木香
醇类芳樟醇9.3981.0941.0171.0221.1961.2721.287优雅的花香
醇类4-萜品醇12.1390.0970.0960.0830.2080.2230.231松针和清凉的香气
醇类α-松油醇12.6260.2470.2040.2110.1530.1380.131花香和松木香
醇类香叶醇15.2893.1913.0422.5645.6815.4696.669玫瑰花香
酯类γ-壬内酯20.1030.0840.0760.0500.1720.1690.192奶香和甜香
酯类5-癸内酯26.2970.1320.1270.1240.1200.1170.183奶香和甜香
酯类二氢猕猴桃内酯27.5960.1510.1520.1490.2170.2020.276甜香和果香
酯类(Z)-7-癸烯-5-内酯27.2540.1580.1480.1250.2160.2210.342水果和甜香
酯类乙酸甲酯1.3833.4603.1973.3254.1504.3304.277水果香味
酯类2-乙酰基丁内酯4.8770.0120.0070.0070.0050.0040.005有奶香、焦糖香
酯类丙酸异戊酯5.9620.2080.1920.2220.0760.0880.101水果香气
酯类己酸乙酯6.6370.2830.3290.2810.0000.0000.000水果香
酯类苯甲酸甲酯9.2340.2340.2540.1660.0930.0630.078水果香和花香
酯类甲酸辛酯9.8740.6980.6250.6780.4710.4050.362水果香
酯类顺-3-己烯醇丁酸酯12.5440.1950.1790.2240.3040.2720.295水果和青草香
酯类乙酸苯乙酯15.3750.0280.0330.0230.0330.0320.048花香和甜香
酯类2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯19.1441.5361.3031.1940.3870.3540.120水果香和花香
酯类邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯19.1880.0470.0270.0490.0320.0480.049甜香和花香
酯类己酸己酯21.1110.4000.6840.5131.1921.2211.112水果香,类似梨
酯类反-2-己烯醇己酸酯21.70920.44619.58422.63715.38514.91314.739葡萄香气
酯类2-(甲氨基)苯甲酸甲酯22.2480.0130.0040.0080.1410.1550.143甜香和花香
酯类十一酸乙酯26.1980.0110.0140.0120.0880.0830.057水果香
酯类顺-3-己烯醇苯甲酸酯29.4680.3310.5380.3790.5930.6110.650水果和花香
酯类茉莉酸甲酯32.0610.6910.7070.6780.8160.9850.915茉莉花香
酯类顺-3-己烯醇水杨酸酯33.0020.3460.3780.2810.4140.3990.426水果和清新的草本香
酯类苯甲酸苄酯34.3590.0450.0670.0420.0870.0880.135花香和果香
醛类异丁醛1.5053.4603.9133.7525.1225.0085.196果香和草香
醛类2-甲基丁醛2.1570.1760.3200.2670.3040.2800.432强烈的果香
醛类对甲基苯甲醛8.760.0420.0370.0230.1420.1920.122甜香和杏仁香
醛类藏红花醛13.1270.0520.0450.0420.0370.0360.039花香和甜香
醛类2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-甲醛15.2460.0170.0150.0160.0190.0180.021果香和花香
醛类3-甲基-2-丁烯醛3.2240.0200.0350.0340.0280.0260.023果香和辛香
醛类柠檬醛16.0860.1770.1680.1540.5380.5440.636强烈的柠檬香
醛类反-柠檬醛15.950.0590.1680.1540.7780.5440.636清新的柠檬香气
酮类2,3-丁二酮1.7333.4603.9133.8945.1225.0085.196奶油、甜香的气息,提升香气的丰富度和醇厚感
酮类2,2,6-三甲基环己酮7.5320.2320.2040.1710.0570.0610.054木香和果香
酮类苯乙酮8.340.0670.1110.0770.2130.1510.220甜香和果香
酮类3,3,5-三甲基环己酮8.5770.1090.0910.0920.0540.0510.040木香和果香
酮类4'-羟基苯乙酮24.3260.0740.0970.0300.1480.1370.145甜香和果香
酮类2-十三烷酮26.3470.0350.0260.0280.0190.0220.031微弱的果香和酮香
酮类覆盆子酮27.8561.1171.0821.1531.7661.7771.586覆盆子的水果香
酮类6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮6.3230.6300.6750.7100.3710.2960.218果香和辛香
酮类(E)-3-辛烯-2-酮7.4530.0830.0470.1290.2090.2800.288果香和酮香
酮类2-壬烯-4-酮10.2030.0860.0830.0700.2780.2080.209果香和酮香
酮类2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮10.8940.6630.6230.5050.6110.4960.637木香和果香
酮类β-大马士酮21.2091.6291.8421.8440.1320.1370.117浓郁的花香和甜香
酮类α-紫罗兰酮23.0220.0730.0520.0360.0730.0580.085紫罗兰般的花香
酮类香叶基丙酮24.2340.5990.4440.3181.0491.1761.193微弱的花香和果香
酮类β-紫罗兰酮25.8020.1160.1480.1670.8560.8560.901雅的花香
萜类α-蒎烯5.3370.9280.5270.4760.3980.6240.442松木香
萜类月桂烯6.4330.4170.3990.3040.4440.4420.305清新的花香和柑橘香
萜类3-蒈烯6.8990.4440.4240.4780.6270.6330.713松木香
萜类α-萜品烯7.0450.0140.0100.0090.0110.0110.034松针般香气
萜类罗勒烯7.5580.5280.5370.5390.0690.0910.099花香和草香
萜类萜品烯9.0420.1030.1000.0970.1290.1070.127松针和柑橘香
萜类γ-萜品8.1950.3790.4550.4120.0660.0650.086松针和柠檬香
其他类2,5-二甲基吡嗪4.980.0000.0000.0000.1250.1410.137烤香、坚果香
其他类2,6-二甲基吡嗪4.980.0100.0080.0060.0160.0180.028烤香和坚果香气
其他类2(5H)-呋喃酮4.9970.1950.1750.1820.0400.0270.011甜香、焦糖香
其他类2-戊基呋喃6.4780.0750.1630.0920.0850.0800.092焦糖、坚果香
其他类2-乙酰基吡咯8.310.2350.2240.2230.0210.0220.101烤香和坚果香
其他类6,7-二氢-5-甲基-5H-环戊并(c)吡喃11.0750.0630.1400.0970.0470.0440.060甜香
其他类吲哚17.11716.86817.04716.53213.20512.88313.072
其他类苯乙烯4.5890.0660.1390.0940.0470.0460.032甜香和橡胶
其他类顺式茴芹脑16.6870.2690.2240.1790.5500.5900.592香辛料香气
其他类(E)-2-甲基-3,5-庚二烯9.5240.0890.1340.0460.0720.0720.064清新的草香和淡淡的果香
), ArticleFig(id=1320167093941679015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Relative odor activity value (ROAV) and aroma characteristics of volatile compounds in machine-processed and manually-processed wugang green tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称阀值(μg/mL)香气描述ROAV
A1A2A3B1B2B3
反-2-壬烯-1-醇0.13草香与花香6137.806843.836468.194578.194313.274749.01
1-丁醇1.85醇香和微弱水果香39658.4924382.2421456.7636673.5426735.8334262.42
香叶醇7.5玫瑰花香2149.291969.242384.342727.072459.782461.87
乙酸甲酯47水果香味233.86427.13122.96324.89147.72258.16
β-紫罗兰酮7雅的花香337.52411.13441.93457.79446.64397.23
香叶基丙酮0.06微弱的花香和果香31731.8830563.1031863.6653961.6777031.9556833.84
覆盆子酮0.01覆盆子的水果香1099122.652007510.32577921.351526990.91694283.451213371.47
2-甲基-1-丙醇7.5醇甜香1465.502676.68770.562035.99925.711617.83
反-柠檬醛0.04清新的柠檬香气4723.1232768.4859512.7379602.1180865.6463241.77
吲哚0.011甜美花香4871613.044651538.024880164.154275308.534095197.463901319.57
1-十六醇1.1淡淡的醇香1500.7224772.4730506.0023556.2722978.9522195.92
异丁醛0.001果香和草香10991226.4820075103.205779213.5315269909.086942834.5412133714.75
2,3-丁二酮0.006奶油、甜香的气息1831871.083345850.53963202.262544984.851157139.092022285.79
1-戊醇150.2油脂3.073.241.713.474.053.89
2-甲基丁醛84.3青香6.637.316.9911.7311.1517.39
2-壬烯-4-酮0.02瓜果香13.6428.8818.6945.1634.8630.92
), ArticleFig(id=1320167094025565096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

机械加工和手工制作舞钢绿茶挥发性化合物的ROAV及香气特征分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称阀值(μg/mL)香气描述ROAV
A1A2A3B1B2B3
反-2-壬烯-1-醇0.13草香与花香6137.806843.836468.194578.194313.274749.01
1-丁醇1.85醇香和微弱水果香39658.4924382.2421456.7636673.5426735.8334262.42
香叶醇7.5玫瑰花香2149.291969.242384.342727.072459.782461.87
乙酸甲酯47水果香味233.86427.13122.96324.89147.72258.16
β-紫罗兰酮7雅的花香337.52411.13441.93457.79446.64397.23
香叶基丙酮0.06微弱的花香和果香31731.8830563.1031863.6653961.6777031.9556833.84
覆盆子酮0.01覆盆子的水果香1099122.652007510.32577921.351526990.91694283.451213371.47
2-甲基-1-丙醇7.5醇甜香1465.502676.68770.562035.99925.711617.83
反-柠檬醛0.04清新的柠檬香气4723.1232768.4859512.7379602.1180865.6463241.77
吲哚0.011甜美花香4871613.044651538.024880164.154275308.534095197.463901319.57
1-十六醇1.1淡淡的醇香1500.7224772.4730506.0023556.2722978.9522195.92
异丁醛0.001果香和草香10991226.4820075103.205779213.5315269909.086942834.5412133714.75
2,3-丁二酮0.006奶油、甜香的气息1831871.083345850.53963202.262544984.851157139.092022285.79
1-戊醇150.2油脂3.073.241.713.474.053.89
2-甲基丁醛84.3青香6.637.316.9911.7311.1517.39
2-壬烯-4-酮0.02瓜果香13.6428.8818.6945.1634.8630.92
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制茶方式对绿茶挥发性成分的影响
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夏瑶 1 , 郭俊齐 1 , 贾子璐 1 , 王亚菲 1 , 苏会 1 , 周琼琼 1 , 安晓军 2 , 李甚颖 2 , 赵仁亮 1, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(11): 25-33
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (11) : 25 -33
制茶方式对绿茶挥发性成分的影响
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firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zrenliang@henan.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320167089655100305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, authorId=1320167089575408527, language=EN, stringName=Renliang ZHAO, firstName=Renliang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320167089877398418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166375042175031, authorId=1320167089575408527, language=CN, stringName=赵仁亮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, 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夏瑶1 , 郭俊齐1, 贾子璐1, 王亚菲1, 苏会1, 周琼琼1, 安晓军2, 李甚颖2, 赵仁亮1, *
作者信息
  • 1河南农业大学园艺学院,河南郑州 450002
  • 2河南省千宝农业种植有限责任公司,河南舞钢 462541
通讯作者:
赵仁亮(1983−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

夏瑶(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:

Influence of Tea Processing Methods on the Volatile Components of Green Tea
Yao XIA1 , Junqi GUO1, Zilu JIA1, Yafei WANG1, Hui SU1, Qiongqiong ZHOU1, Xiaojun AN2, Shenying LI2, Renliang ZHAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 2Henan Qianbao Agricultural Planting Co., Ltd., Wugang 462541, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090132
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茶叶的挥发性成分是决定其感官品质的核心因素,而不同的制茶方式对茶叶香气物质的形成与保留具有显著影响。本研究以河南省舞钢市茶鲜叶为原料,通过传统手工与机械化加工两种方式制备绿茶,分析其挥发性香气成分的差异;结合感官审评、顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)、相对气味活度值(ROAV)分析等方法,探讨制茶方式对绿茶香气品质的影响。研究发现,传统手工制茶和机械化加工所得茶样感官品质均较优,手工茶样外形更平整,机械加工茶样汤色更明亮;传统手工制茶在保留醇类、酮类、醛类等关键香气物质方面更具优势,而机械化加工在酯类、萜类方面及工艺稳定性表现突出,关键香气成分分析显示,反-2-壬烯-1-醇和吲哚的ROAV在机械加工茶样中较高,而香叶醇、2,3-丁二酮、香叶基丙酮等在手工茶样中含量更高。研究结果表明传统手工制作的茶叶香气化合物种类和数量多于机械化加工的,但机械化加工其品质稳定性要优于手工制茶,该研究进一步丰富了茶叶加工的基础理论体系,为后续通过工艺改良实现手工与机械化加工优势互补、精准调控绿茶香气品质奠定了重要基础。

绿茶  /  手工制茶  /  机械化加工  /  顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPMS-GC-MS)  /  挥发性成分

The volatile composition of tea is a key determinant of its sensory quality, with processing methods significantly influencing the formation and retention of aroma compounds. This study investigated the impact of traditional manual versus mechanized processing on the aroma profile of green tea produced from fresh leaves sourced from Wugang City, Henan Province. Sensory evaluation, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis, differences in volatile components were systematically examined. Results indicated that both methods yielded tea samples with favorable sensory quality, with manually processed tea showing more uniform appearance and mechanically processed tea exhibiting brighter liquor color. Traditional manual processing was more effective in retaining key aroma compounds such as alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, while mechanized processing excelled in preserving esters, terpenes and offered higher process stability. ROAV-based analysis of key aroma components revealed higher levels of trans-2-nonen-1-ol and indole in mechanically processed tea, whereas geraniol, 2,3-butanedione, and geranyl acetone were more prominent in manually processed tea. These findings suggested that traditional processing yielded a richer diversity and concentration of aroma compounds, whereas mechanized processing ensured greater consistency in product quality. This study enhanced the theoretical understanding of tea processing and provided a foundation for optimizing green tea aroma quality by integrating the advantages of both manual and mechanized methods.

green tea  /  traditional manual processing  /  mechanical processing  /  headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)  /  volatile components
夏瑶, 郭俊齐, 贾子璐, 王亚菲, 苏会, 周琼琼, 安晓军, 李甚颖, 赵仁亮. 制茶方式对绿茶挥发性成分的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090132
Yao XIA, Junqi GUO, Zilu JIA, Yafei WANG, Hui SU, Qiongqiong ZHOU, Xiaojun AN, Shenying LI, Renliang ZHAO. Influence of Tea Processing Methods on the Volatile Components of Green Tea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 25 -33 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090132
绿茶通过摊放、杀青、揉捻及干燥一系列复杂的步骤加工而成,这些步骤共同作用,赋予绿茶独特的色泽、香气和口感,在我国六大茶类中产量和销量均居于首位[1]。香气是评价品质的核心指标之一[2],香气成分的组成与含量直接影响消费者对绿茶的喜好程度和市场价值。手工制茶是茶叶制作的传统形式,是与茶叶机械化生产相对应的一个概念,其强调的是茶叶制作的过程全靠手工加工,利用炒茶师傅的技术和经验把茶鲜叶经过一系列工序加工制作成成品茶的过程[3]。手工制茶不仅是茶叶加工的一种工艺形式,也是茶文化传承和表现的载体。这种制茶方式能够灵活控制工艺参数,在一定程度上使茶叶形成独特的香气和风味。然而,手工制茶效率较低,受人为因素影响较大,难以满足大规模生产的需求。
随着科技的发展,机械化加工逐渐成为茶叶生产的主流方式[4]。它生产效率高,能连续规模化作业,短时间处理大量鲜叶以满足市场需求;标准化参数设定保障了产品质量稳定,还因设备使用食品级材料且易清洁,卫生条件良好,同时减少人工依赖,降低劳动力成本。但是,机械化加工过程中的高温、高压等条件可能会改变茶叶香气前体物质的降解路径,进而影响香气成分的生成,导致茶叶香气品质与传统手工制茶有所差异。
目前已知能够从茶叶当中提取得到的香气物质多达700多种,主要包括醇、酚、酸、醛、酯和杂环类化合物[5−7]。茶叶品质除与不同产地[8]及茶树品种[9]等因素有关外,与加工工艺密切相关。李文萃等[10]研究表明,不同炒干条件下夏季日照绿茶品质差异明显。张锦程等[11]研究表明,不同工艺组藤茶的挥发性香气物质较对照组均有一定程度的提升,且出现了独有的特征香气,采用绿茶加工技术制作的藤茶出现了萜品油烯、柠檬醛两种具有柠檬清香的挥发性成分。刘珍珍等[12]研究表明,汉中绿茶加工过程中,青香化合物经摊青后含量显著增加后于杀青和干燥工序显著下降,花香化合物经摊青后含量增加后于杀青和干燥工序后下降,坚果香化合物则随摊青、杀青和干燥工序呈现显著增加趋势。刘蔚蓝等[13]研究发现手工所制晴隆扁形绿茶感官品质较不稳定,其中2个茶样感官审评总分低于90.00分,未达到名优绿茶的品质等级。机械所制晴隆扁形绿茶感官品质较为稳定,均达到名优绿茶品质要求。喻俊等[14]研究发现半机械加工工艺感官审评得分最高,其结合了全机械加工工艺的外形优势和全手工加工工艺的香气和滋味的优势,从而提高了都匀毛尖茶品质。本研究选取传统手工制茶与机械化加工制作的舞钢绿茶,对其挥发性香气成分进行分析,旨在揭示不同加工方式影响茶叶香气形成,为优化舞钢绿茶的加工工艺提供科学依据,提升舞钢绿茶的品质和市场竞争力。
实验所用的舞钢绿茶鲜叶 采自河南省舞钢市当地茶园,采摘标准为一芽二叶初展。选择生长状况良好、无病虫害的茶树鲜叶,采摘后立即运回工厂进行加工处理,采摘时间为2024年4月8日;正构烷烃标准品(C7~C35) O2si Smart Solutions公司;氯化钠 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;癸酸乙酯标准品(>98.0%) 梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司;正己烷 色谱纯,德国Merck公司;2-庚酮 色谱纯,美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。
8890-5977B气相色谱-质谱联用仪、65 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头 美国Agilent公司;MS105DU电子天平 美国METTLER TOLEDO公司;MM400球磨仪 德国Retsch公司;SP200-2T多通道加热型磁力搅拌器 杭州米欧仪器有限公司;HP-5MS UI气相色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) 安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司。
机械制茶方式通过摊放-杀青-回潮-理条-压片-干燥工序制作,传统手工制茶方式采用扁形茶的青锅和辉锅制作工艺,机械制茶工艺及参数:杀青时间共计2~3 min,分五区梯度变温杀青,一区480 ℃,二区430 ℃,三区360 ℃,四区300 ℃,五区280 ℃;然后分级回潮3~5 h,期间翻动一次;接着理条共计15 min,首先220 ℃,5~7 min,接着180 ℃,8~10 min;再次回潮3~5 h;干燥分两次进行,首先85 ℃,30 min,接着把温度升高到110 ℃,10 min,一共就是40 min;中间摊凉2 h,第二次干燥时80 ℃,40 min。传统手工制茶工艺及参数:第一阶段共计15 min:杀青240 ℃,5 min;理条200 ℃,5 min;做型180 ℃,5 min;第二阶段回潮:4~8 h;第三阶段共计40 min:辉锅100 ℃,5 min;80 ℃,30 min;110 ℃,5 min。最终制备具有典型绿茶风味特征的舞钢绿茶机械和手工样品各3份,机械加工所制绿茶命名为A1、A2、A3,手工制作的绿茶命名为B1、B2、B3。
准确称取茶样3 g用150 mL沸水冲泡4 min,由7名审评专家按照GB/T 23776-2018《茶叶感官审评方法》中绿茶的审评方法进行评审[15],取平均分。茶样的最终感官审评成绩满分为100分,其中外形占25%,汤色占10%,香气占25%,滋味占30%,叶底占10%。
采用HS-SPME对样品进行前处理[16]。准确称取300 mg茶样放置于20 mL的顶空萃取瓶中,分别加入1 g NaCl、10 μL 50 mg/mL癸酸乙酯溶液、5 mL 纯水,放入磁力转子加盖摇匀。随后置于加热型磁力搅拌器中在400 r·min−1搅拌条件下80 ℃下水浴20 min,然后将老化过的固相微萃取头放入顶空萃取瓶中同样条件下进行吸附,时长为30 min,将提取吸附过样品的固相微萃取头插入仪器进样口,250 ℃条件下解吸附3 min。
解吸附参数条件:将吸附过茶叶气味的固相微萃取头置于进样口中,进样口温度设置250 ℃,解吸附保持3 min,从而释放香气提取物至GC-MS系统中。
GC条件:进样口和传输线温度设置为250 ℃;载气使用高纯度氦气(纯度≥99.99%);采用不分流的进样方式,柱流量为1.2 mL·min−1。程序升温:40 ℃(3.5 min),以10 ℃·min−1升至100 ℃,以7 ℃·min−1升至180 ℃,以25 ℃·min−1升至280 ℃,保持7 min。
MS条件:EI模式下工作,离子源温度为230 ℃,四极杆温度为150 ℃,电压为70 eV。质谱仪使用离子扫描模式(Ion scanning mode,SIM),GC-MS下机数据使用MassHunter MS定量分析软件进行处理[17]。采用正构烷烃标准品(C7~C35)测定各个化合物的保留指数(RI),使用NIST谱库检索程序对挥发性化合物的质谱图数据进行搜索匹配,质谱比对结果结合RI以确定各色谱峰所对应的挥发性化合物结构。
采用相对定量法对挥发性成分进行定量,按下式计算:
$ \rm C=\frac{A _{ {i} }} {{A} _{ \mathrm{总}}} \times 100 $
式中:C为任一组分的相对含量,%;Ai为任一组分的色谱峰面积;A总为所有组分的总色谱峰面积。
ROAV计算公式如下:
$\rm {C} _{ {i} } =\frac{C _{ {is} } {\times A} _{ {i} } }{{A} _{ {is} } }$
$\rm{ROAV} _{ {i} } =\frac{C _{ {i} }} {{OT} _{ {i} }} $
式中:ROAVi为任一组分的香气活度值;Ci为任一组分的质量浓度,μg/L;Cis为内标的质量浓度,μg/L;Ai为任一组分的色谱峰面积;Ais为内标的色谱峰面积;OTi为任一组分在水中的香气阈值,μg/L。香气阈值来源于书本Compilations of odour threshoid values in air,water and other media (Edition 2011)。
采用Excel2016软件预处理试验数据,采用SPSS27.0进行香气成分的单因素方差分析,采用Graphpad prism9.5统计差异并作图,采用Origin 2024作热图。
对机械和手工制作的舞钢绿茶进行感官审评,结果如表1所示,两类茶样的感官表现均较优,总分都超过90分,在外形上手工制作的绿茶更扁平、直,香气上的评分也较高,具有清花香,但在汤色上手工制作的绿茶较机械加工所得的绿茶略差,机械加工的绿茶汤色更明亮。以外形、汤色、香气、滋味(权重最高)、叶底为维度,结果显示两类茶样感官品质均较优(总分超91),其中手工茶样(如B2)总分更高(最高94.35),外形更“扁平直”、香气带花香,机械类茶样外形稍欠规整,但两类茶样的香气(清香/嫩香)与滋味(鲜爽/鲜醇)均是突出优势,结合总分发现机械制作的绿茶评分接近相对稳定,而手工制作的绿茶总分差异明显,存在波动。
挥发性代谢物在决定茶叶口感和香气特征中起着关键作用[18],采用HS-SPME-GC-MS方法对机械加工和手工制作的绿茶中的挥发性成分进行分析,最终从不同工艺制作绿茶中共鉴定出81种挥发性成分(表2),根据官能团的性质可分为6类,包括酯类(22种)、醇类(19种)、醛类(8种)、萜类(7种)、酮类(15种)和其他类(10种)。从表2可知,酯类(22)化合物数量最多,其次是醇类(19)、酮类(15),这三类化合物含量在机械加工和手工制作茶的挥发性物质占比分别为84%、80%,各类化合物占总挥发物浓度的百分比见图1。
由于化学结构的差异,各化合物在GC-MS谱图中的峰响应强度差别迥异,因此具有不同官能团结构的化合物峰面积往往不具有可比性。然而,具有相同官能团的化合物的化学性质较为类似,其含量往往与峰面积呈正比[19],可以反映出不同制作工艺中各类别化合物的大致分布情况。如图1所示,机械加工、手工制作的舞钢绿茶中相对浓度最高的化合物种类相同,化合物数量最多的酯类中反-2-己烯醇己酸酯含量最高,乙酸甲酯、2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯等分别具有玫瑰香气、青柠檬香气,为绿茶香气贡献了果香和花香[20]。数量次之的醇类、酮类及其它类相对含量高的化合物分别是1-十六醇、2,3-丁二酮、吲哚。醇类中2-甲基-1-丙醇具有清香,是构成绿茶清香的关键成分,芳樟醇及其氧化物具有百合花或玉兰花香气,增加了绿茶的花香韵味[21],香叶醇则具有玫瑰香气,使绿茶香气更为丰富。酮类中α-紫罗兰酮、β-紫罗兰酮具有紫罗兰香,对绿茶香气影响较大[22]。结合图1,可发现手工加工和机械制作的绿茶在醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类以及其他类化合物含量占比上都存在差异,手工制作绿茶中,醇类香气化合物占比达41.53%,较机械加工绿茶的36.25%高出5.28%;酮类化合物占比亦高于机械加工绿茶1.65%。而在酯类及其他类香气化合物的占比上,机械加工绿茶则分别较手工制作绿茶高出5.02%与3.75%。
作为一种无监督的区分方法,PCA采用降维原理将多个指标转换为有限数量的综合指标,这些综合指标被称为主成分(PC)。在本研究中,基于手工制作和机械加工绿茶挥发性成分的峰面积,对不同方式制作绿茶中鉴定出的82种挥发性成分进行多元统计分析。由PCA得分图(图2)可知,机械加工和手工制作的样本在一定程度上有分离趋势,但并非完全分离,说明这两个组别的绿茶的挥发性成分含量水平存在差异。为了确定不同加工方式的绿茶中关键差异性成分,采用了监督的PLS-DA方法来评估不同加工工艺下的绿茶样品的挥发性化合物。上述PCA和PLS-DA表明,挥发性化合物受不同加工工艺影响较大。通过200次数据分组随机打乱验证,R2反映模型解释力、Q2体现预测力,原始模型R2、Q2较高,置换后二者迅速下降,Q2回归线斜率为正值但远低于原始值,说明模型无过拟合风险,能有效区分分组且具预测能力,可用于后续差异分析,夯实了模型可靠性。通常PLS-DA中变量投影重要性(Variable importance in projection, VIP)大于1的化合物可作为区分不同组别的关键香气成分,通过上述PLS-DA,从81种挥发性成分中共筛选出区分不同制作方式绿茶的16种关键差异性成分(VIP>1),使用单向方差和VIP(P<0.05,VIP>1)标准,筛选出了16个关键的差异代谢物,结果表明共有覆盆子酮等16种成分在手工制作和机械加工两组样品之间存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。
为直观清晰呈现样本中化学物质的含量分布差异,绘制此热图,先对各物质数据归一化处理[23],再按规则将数据与颜色映射关联(图3)。从右侧的颜色标尺能够明确看到,蓝色所代表的化合物含量处于较高水平,其数值可高达15.14;而白色对应的化合物含量则较低,数值能低至−5.24。观察热图,发现这些化学物质的含量分布呈现出较为鲜明的特征,依据颜色的差异,大致可以区分出不同含量水平的类别。其中反-2-己烯醇己酸酯、吲哚、1-十六醇等化学物质,在热图中呈现出深蓝色,这清晰地表明它们在样本中的含量显著高于平均值。而像反-柠檬醛、β-紫罗兰酮等化学物质,其颜色偏浅,呈现白色调,也就意味着它们在样本中的含量是低于平均值的。在机械加工(A组)与手工制作(B组)绿茶的对比中,反-2-己烯醇己酸酯、吲哚、1-十六醇等化合物在机械加工组相对富集(颜色偏深),1-丁醇、香叶醇、2,3-丁二酮等在手工组含量表现更突出(部分区域颜色有差异)。这些差异化合物可作为区分两种制作工艺绿茶的潜在标志,这些化合物以酯类和酮类居多,主要呈现清新瓜果和甜香花香等优良气味特征。
茶叶中挥发性成分复杂多样,不同化合物的气味阈值与香气特征差异显著,对机械加工和手工制作的舞钢绿茶贡献程度也有所不同。为精准剖析关键挥发性成分对两种制作方式绿茶香气的具体贡献,运用ROAV测定法进行深入分析。ROAV测定法作为食品关键香气活性成分的主流分析手段之一,可准确评估单一香气成分对整体香气的作用[24]。通常,ROAV大于1时,该化合物对整体样本具备香气贡献,且ROAV越高,香气贡献程度越大[25]。
如表3所示,在上述16种香气成分中,ROAV>1000的化合物有11种,其中异丁醛的ROVA最大,它的香气主要呈现出甜香、果香的特点,类似天然的樱桃等香气,香气较为浓郁且持久[25]。接着是具有清香气味的吲哚,其次是覆盆子酮,它呈现出覆盆子果香,这种香气带有清新、甜美的特质,同时还伴有水果香甜味,甜香柔和不腻,与果香相辅相成,丰富了整体香气层次。而后依次为具有奶油、甜香的气息的2,3-丁二酮等,推断这些物质对舞钢绿茶香气品质具有关键性贡献作用。此外100≤ROAV≤1000的有2种,分别是具有水果香的乙酸甲酯[26],具有花香紫罗兰香的β–紫罗兰酮。1≤ROAV≤100的有3种,分别为2-甲基丁醛、2-壬烯-4-酮、1-戊醇。这些化合物可能共同决定了舞钢绿茶的香气品质特征。不同化合物因其ROAV表现,在茶叶香气品质形成中扮演着不同角色,共同塑造了茶叶独特的香气特征。香叶焦磷酸糖苷前体在芳樟醇合成酶和香叶醇合成酶的作用下分别水解释放芳樟醇和香叶醇,芳樟醇和香叶醇是凤凰单丛茶的重要香气成分[27]。β-紫罗兰酮带有特殊的紫罗兰花香,是β-胡萝卜素在绿茶加工过程中热裂解或红茶发酵过程中通过酶促氧化降解得到的[28],有研究表明该物质是绿茶、红茶的关键呈香成分。对比相关研究发现,反式-β-紫罗兰酮和己醛等也曾被鉴定为不同工艺绿茶、安吉白茶和英德红茶中的关键香气活性成分[29]。此外,β-紫罗兰酮和壬醛等还被认为是区分不同凌云白毫绿茶的关键差异香气化合物[30]。在16种关键香气成分里,异丁醛的香气活度最高,是舞钢绿茶香气的核心贡献者,呈现甜香、果香与樱桃香,且香气持久;覆盆子酮、芳樟醇等物质则分别赋予茶叶果香、花香等特征,共同奠定茶叶香气基底。对比手工制作绿茶和机械加工绿茶,发现反-2-壬烯-1-醇、吲哚的ROVA在机械加工中会高于手工制作的绿茶,而香叶醇、2,3-丁二酮、香叶基丙酮等在手工制作的绿茶中更高。
为了确定不同加工方式对绿茶香气成分的影响,对手工制作和机械加工制成的舞钢绿茶样本进行感官审评并对其中的挥发性成分和特征香气成分进行系统的研究。首先按照GB/T 23776—2018 《茶叶感官审评方法》对六个样本进行审评,采用HS-SPME-GC-MS分析技术,从两种方式制作的绿茶中共鉴定出81种挥发性成分,探明了不同加工方式绿茶的香气物质基础。继而通过多元统计分析方法,从中选出吲哚、1-丁醇等16种香气成分是不同制作工艺的绿茶中的关键差异性成分(P<0.05)。随后经ROAV分析,最终确定16种关键香气活性成分对于区分不同制茶方式的舞钢绿茶具有重要作用,表现为手工制作组中香叶醇、2,3-丁二酮、香叶基丙酮等多数化合物的ROAV高于机械加工组,这表明手工组样本中这些香气成分对整体香气的贡献程度更大,两组茶叶香气因这些化合物ROAV差异,呈现出不同的香气风格和品质特征。这些成分可作为不同制茶方式舞钢绿茶鉴别的潜在化学标记物,实验结果可为不同加工方式的舞钢绿茶的判别、绿茶风味品质的定向加工和调控提供理论依据。
从感官审评结果来看,传统手工制茶和机械化加工所得茶样感官品质均较优,手工茶样外形更平整,机械加工茶样汤色更明亮,传统手工制茶在保留醛类、醇类、酮类化合物等关键香气物质方面更具优势,而机械化加工在酯类、其他类化合物方面及工艺稳定性表现突出,手工和机械加工各有特色,在香气组成和关键呈香物质上有差别,可以互相借鉴,从而优化制茶工艺、提升绿茶品质、丰富绿茶加工理论,促进茶产业的进一步发展。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090132
  • 接收时间:2025-09-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-12
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    1河南农业大学园艺学院,河南郑州 450002
    2河南省千宝农业种植有限责任公司,河南舞钢 462541

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赵仁亮(1983−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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