Article(id=1320882586335957026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757001600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852549394, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852549394, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852549394, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852549394, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=462, endPage=471, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882586650529827, articleId=1320882586335957026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Exploring the Mechanism of a Chrysanthemum Compound Formula in Treating Hyperuricemia by Integrating Network Pharmacology with Experimental Validation, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated serum uric-acid levels. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of a chrysanthemum compound formula (CCF) on xanthine oxidase (XOD) in vitro and further elucidated its urate-lowering mechanisms. Methods: The in vitro XOD inhibitory activity of CCF was first validated. Network pharmacology was then employed to identify key therapeutic targets, active ingredients, and signaling pathways involved in CCF-mediated treatment of HUA. Key active constituents were subjected to molecular docking with XOD. In animal experiments, a HUA mouse model was established, and mice were orally administered CCF at three doses (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg). Serum uric acid (UA) and liver XOD activity were measured, along with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE). Renal levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were quantified by ELISA, and histopathological examination of kidney tissue was performed. Western blotting was used to analyze urate transporters and relevant signaling pathways. Results: CCF dose-dependently inhibited XOD activity in vitro. Network pharmacology indicated that CCF might exert therapeutic effects against HUA via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, β-sitosterol, and isorhamnetin were identified as the principal bioactive constituents; molecular docking confirmed their stable binding to XOD. In vivo, CCF significantly reduced serum UA levels in HUA mice (P<0.001) and alleviated renal inflammation. Western blot results showed down-regulation of the urate re-absorption transporters URAT1 and GLUT9, and up-regulation of the urate excretion transporters OAT1 and ABCG2 (P<0.001 or P<0.05), thereby promoting uric-acid excretion. In treated mice, IκBα expression increased, whereas the p-p65/p65 ratio decreased. Conclusion: CCF effectively reduces serum uric-acid levels and alleviates kidney damage, likely by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

, authors=Xingjian MENG1, Xiaoran YU1, Pei YIN1, Jian TONG1, Shuang LIU1, Qiannan WANG1, Feng GAO2, Yunfeng BI1, *, Heyu WANG1, *, authorsList=Xingjian MENG, Xiaoran YU, Pei YIN, Jian TONG, Shuang LIU, Qiannan WANG, Feng GAO, Yunfeng BI, Heyu WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yunfeng BI, Heyu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882590731587638, articleId=1320882586335957026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=结合网络药理学及实验验证探讨菊花复方治疗高尿酸血症的作用机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia,HUA)是一种以代谢过程中尿酸水平异常升高为特征的疾病。本研究探讨了菊花复方(Chrysanthemum compound formula,CCF)在体外对黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)的抑制作用,并进一步阐明了其降尿酸机制。方法:通过体外实验验证CCF对XOD抑制活性,采用网络药理学方法,研究CCF治疗HUA的关键靶点、活性成分及信号通路,并对关键活性成分与XOD进行分子对接。动物实验中,构建HUA小鼠模型,分别灌胃给予不同剂量(100、150、200 mg/kg)的CCF。测定小鼠血清中尿酸(Uric acid,UA)及肝脏中XOD水平,血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CRE)水平,采用ELISA检测肾脏组织中TNF-α和IL-1β水平,并进行肾脏组织病理学检查,另外通过WB检测尿酸转运蛋白及信号通路。结果:CCF能够在体外抑制XOD活性,网络药理学分析表明,CCF可能通过NF-κB信号通路有效治疗HUA。槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇和异鼠李素被确定为CCF中的关键活性成分,通过分子对接验证,这些成分能够与XOD稳定结合。通过体内小鼠实验表明CCF能够降低高尿酸血症小鼠的血清尿酸(P<0.001),缓解肾脏炎症,Western blot结果显示,小鼠体内尿酸转运蛋白URAT1、GLUT9下调,小鼠体内尿酸转运蛋白OAT1、ABCG2上调(P<0.001或P<0.05),促进尿酸排泄。给药组小鼠IκBα上调,p-p65/p65的比值下调。结论:CCF可能通过NF-κB信号通路降低尿酸水平并减轻肾脏损伤,从而有效治疗高尿酸血症。

, authors=孟星坚1, 于晓然1, 阴裴1, 佟健1, 刘双1, 王倩男1, 高峰2, 毕云枫1, *, 王和宇1, *, authorsList=孟星坚, 于晓然, 阴裴, 佟健, 刘双, 王倩男, 高峰, 毕云枫, 王和宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=毕云枫, 王和宇, authorNote=

孟星坚(1995−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:长白山新资源食品开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
毕云枫(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品酶学、功能性食品开发,E-mail:。
王和宇(1989−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能性食品成分分析、保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:。
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孟星坚(1995−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:长白山新资源食品开发,E-mail:

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Annual Review of Immunology, 2015, 33: 49−77., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882590958080055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882590966468664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, companyId=1320882590958080055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882590974857273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, companyId=1320882590958080055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,吉林长春 130018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882591050354746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882591058743355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, companyId=1320882591050354746, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882591067131964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, companyId=1320882591050354746, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2吉林农业科技学院中药学院,吉林吉林 132109)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882596586836084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of CCF on in vitro XOD inhibitory rate, figureFileSmall=NPdIQ6NrIT6jypH0mEnJCg==, figureFileBig=rAdvAdJkJ4c18uJh1QsYMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882596670722165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图1, caption=CCF对体外XOD抑制率的影响, figureFileSmall=NPdIQ6NrIT6jypH0mEnJCg==, figureFileBig=rAdvAdJkJ4c18uJh1QsYMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882596934963318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Venn diagram of CCF active compounds and HUA cross targets (A), protein interaction network of CCF active compounds (B), and medicinal plant-active ingredient-action target network (C), figureFileSmall=Mpf8GO9WUeJrEhDdPEkIKQ==, figureFileBig=BQW03+gLJPp/lKIVPm4xOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882597035626615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CCF活性化合物与HUA 共有靶点的维恩图(A)、CCF活性化合物的蛋白质相互作用网络(B)和药用植物-活性成分-作用靶点网络(C)

注:不同颜色圆形代表不同药材的活性成分,不同颜色六边形代表不同药材中相同的活性成分,绿色菱形代表靶点基因,紫色正方形为药材。

, figureFileSmall=Mpf8GO9WUeJrEhDdPEkIKQ==, figureFileBig=BQW03+gLJPp/lKIVPm4xOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882597165650040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Molecular interactions with XOD, figureFileSmall=21NQCWK25gL7ax+QF+AYUw==, figureFileBig=D1PcwnZije3R92738l4CjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882597266313337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图3, caption=XOD的分子相互作用

注:A:槲皮素,B:山奈酚,C:木犀草素,D:β-谷甾醇,E:异鼠李素。

, figureFileSmall=21NQCWK25gL7ax+QF+AYUw==, figureFileBig=D1PcwnZije3R92738l4CjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599011143802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=GO, KEGG pathway, and TRRUST enrichment analyses of hub genes, figureFileSmall=rWDjbn+nZ/JD7PuJGu6Ddw==, figureFileBig=qdfBDlfSDbWqroVjXLK7cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599099224187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图4, caption=关键基因进行的GO、KEGG通路和TRRUST富集分析

注:A:GO富集分析,B:KEGG关键通路网络,C:TRRUST富集分析。

, figureFileSmall=rWDjbn+nZ/JD7PuJGu6Ddw==, figureFileBig=qdfBDlfSDbWqroVjXLK7cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599208276092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Serum uric acid levels (A) and liver XOD activity levels (B) of each group of mice, figureFileSmall=+4QOCHK0Prx4hOPSrql7MA==, figureFileBig=YPdEp1KS3Zyl+CJnSh3WHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599300550781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组小鼠血清尿酸含量(A)和肝脏XOD活力(B)

注:与HUA组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与NC组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=+4QOCHK0Prx4hOPSrql7MA==, figureFileBig=YPdEp1KS3Zyl+CJnSh3WHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599409602686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of CCF on serum biochemical markers and inflammatory cytokine ELISA in the kidney, figureFileSmall=8p0tHp3GTNJuPpvOUpSLdA==, figureFileBig=DRCF5j/gt/pD8/d/9aR45w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599514460287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CCF对血清生化指标和肾脏中炎症细胞因子ELISA检测结果的影响

注:A:CRE,B:BUN,C:IL-1β,D:TNF-α;与HUA组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与NC组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=8p0tHp3GTNJuPpvOUpSLdA==, figureFileBig=DRCF5j/gt/pD8/d/9aR45w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599610929280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of CCF on kidney H&E staining, figureFileSmall=0Ve9MYV/rtuC8HC4RwbK8w==, figureFileBig=RvEtmKm0MOQ+pjRSA9J7/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599703203969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CCF对肾脏H&E染色的影响

注:比例尺=100 μm(红色箭头表示肾小管上皮细胞的水肿和变性;蓝色箭头表示管型;绿色箭头表示扩张和充血;黄色箭头表示淋巴细胞)。

, figureFileSmall=0Ve9MYV/rtuC8HC4RwbK8w==, figureFileBig=RvEtmKm0MOQ+pjRSA9J7/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599799672962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of CCF on protein expressions in the kidney, figureFileSmall=v0TADZfDbEUtIquMNPq/ag==, figureFileBig=FaIFbdA2ylPCQ4ANEU7lPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882599942279299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图8, caption=CCF 对肾脏中蛋白质表达的影响

注:与HUA组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与NC组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=v0TADZfDbEUtIquMNPq/ag==, figureFileBig=FaIFbdA2ylPCQ4ANEU7lPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882600017776772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of CCF on the expression of proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway, figureFileSmall=pP9wqWQZSPg3kOINk/v5gA==, figureFileBig=WMkck3B0VR2DfM+IXrwvmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882600105857157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=图9, caption=CCF对NF-κB信号通路中蛋白质表达的影响

注:与HUA组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与NC组相比,#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=pP9wqWQZSPg3kOINk/v5gA==, figureFileBig=WMkck3B0VR2DfM+IXrwvmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882600214909062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Binding energy between active compounds in CCF and XOD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
活性化合物结合能(kcal/mol)
槲皮素−8.4
山奈酚−8.8
木犀草素−8.5
β−谷甾醇−8.4
异鼠李素−9.2
), ArticleFig(id=1320882600286212231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882586335957026, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CCF中活性化合物与XOD之间的结合能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
活性化合物结合能(kcal/mol)
槲皮素−8.4
山奈酚−8.8
木犀草素−8.5
β−谷甾醇−8.4
异鼠李素−9.2
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结合网络药理学及实验验证探讨菊花复方治疗高尿酸血症的作用机制
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孟星坚 1 , 于晓然 1 , 阴裴 1 , 佟健 1 , 刘双 1 , 王倩男 1 , 高峰 2 , 毕云枫 1, * , 王和宇 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(15): 462-471
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (15) : 462 -471
结合网络药理学及实验验证探讨菊花复方治疗高尿酸血症的作用机制
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孟星坚1 , 于晓然1, 阴裴1, 佟健1, 刘双1, 王倩男1, 高峰2, 毕云枫1, * , 王和宇1, *
作者信息
  • 1吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,吉林长春 130018
  • 2吉林农业科技学院中药学院,吉林吉林 132109
通讯作者:
毕云枫(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品酶学、功能性食品开发,E-mail:。
王和宇(1989−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能性食品成分分析、保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孟星坚(1995−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:长白山新资源食品开发,E-mail:

Exploring the Mechanism of a Chrysanthemum Compound Formula in Treating Hyperuricemia by Integrating Network Pharmacology with Experimental Validation
Xingjian MENG1 , Xiaoran YU1, Pei YIN1, Jian TONG1, Shuang LIU1, Qiannan WANG1, Feng GAO2, Yunfeng BI1, * , Heyu WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130018, China
  • 2College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090041
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目的:高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia,HUA)是一种以代谢过程中尿酸水平异常升高为特征的疾病。本研究探讨了菊花复方(Chrysanthemum compound formula,CCF)在体外对黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)的抑制作用,并进一步阐明了其降尿酸机制。方法:通过体外实验验证CCF对XOD抑制活性,采用网络药理学方法,研究CCF治疗HUA的关键靶点、活性成分及信号通路,并对关键活性成分与XOD进行分子对接。动物实验中,构建HUA小鼠模型,分别灌胃给予不同剂量(100、150、200 mg/kg)的CCF。测定小鼠血清中尿酸(Uric acid,UA)及肝脏中XOD水平,血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CRE)水平,采用ELISA检测肾脏组织中TNF-α和IL-1β水平,并进行肾脏组织病理学检查,另外通过WB检测尿酸转运蛋白及信号通路。结果:CCF能够在体外抑制XOD活性,网络药理学分析表明,CCF可能通过NF-κB信号通路有效治疗HUA。槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇和异鼠李素被确定为CCF中的关键活性成分,通过分子对接验证,这些成分能够与XOD稳定结合。通过体内小鼠实验表明CCF能够降低高尿酸血症小鼠的血清尿酸(P<0.001),缓解肾脏炎症,Western blot结果显示,小鼠体内尿酸转运蛋白URAT1、GLUT9下调,小鼠体内尿酸转运蛋白OAT1、ABCG2上调(P<0.001或P<0.05),促进尿酸排泄。给药组小鼠IκBα上调,p-p65/p65的比值下调。结论:CCF可能通过NF-κB信号通路降低尿酸水平并减轻肾脏损伤,从而有效治疗高尿酸血症。

菊花  /  高尿酸血症  /  分子对接  /  网络药理学  /  NF-κB通路

Objective: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally elevated serum uric-acid levels. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of a chrysanthemum compound formula (CCF) on xanthine oxidase (XOD) in vitro and further elucidated its urate-lowering mechanisms. Methods: The in vitro XOD inhibitory activity of CCF was first validated. Network pharmacology was then employed to identify key therapeutic targets, active ingredients, and signaling pathways involved in CCF-mediated treatment of HUA. Key active constituents were subjected to molecular docking with XOD. In animal experiments, a HUA mouse model was established, and mice were orally administered CCF at three doses (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg). Serum uric acid (UA) and liver XOD activity were measured, along with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE). Renal levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were quantified by ELISA, and histopathological examination of kidney tissue was performed. Western blotting was used to analyze urate transporters and relevant signaling pathways. Results: CCF dose-dependently inhibited XOD activity in vitro. Network pharmacology indicated that CCF might exert therapeutic effects against HUA via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, β-sitosterol, and isorhamnetin were identified as the principal bioactive constituents; molecular docking confirmed their stable binding to XOD. In vivo, CCF significantly reduced serum UA levels in HUA mice (P<0.001) and alleviated renal inflammation. Western blot results showed down-regulation of the urate re-absorption transporters URAT1 and GLUT9, and up-regulation of the urate excretion transporters OAT1 and ABCG2 (P<0.001 or P<0.05), thereby promoting uric-acid excretion. In treated mice, IκBα expression increased, whereas the p-p65/p65 ratio decreased. Conclusion: CCF effectively reduces serum uric-acid levels and alleviates kidney damage, likely by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

chrysanthemum  /  hyperuricemia  /  molecular docking  /  network pharmacology  /  NF-κB pathway
孟星坚, 于晓然, 阴裴, 佟健, 刘双, 王倩男, 高峰, 毕云枫, 王和宇. 结合网络药理学及实验验证探讨菊花复方治疗高尿酸血症的作用机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 462 -471 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090041
Xingjian MENG, Xiaoran YU, Pei YIN, Jian TONG, Shuang LIU, Qiannan WANG, Feng GAO, Yunfeng BI, Heyu WANG. Exploring the Mechanism of a Chrysanthemum Compound Formula in Treating Hyperuricemia by Integrating Network Pharmacology with Experimental Validation[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 462 -471 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090041
高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia,HUA)是一种以尿酸代谢紊乱为特征的代谢性疾病,与心血管疾病(Cardiovascular disease,CVD)、慢性肾脏疾病(Chronic kidney disease,CKD)和代谢综合征密切相关[1-2]。现有的研究表明,高水平的尿酸可能通过增加氧化应激负担来增加非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的风险[3]。目前,高尿酸血症已成为严重的公共卫生问题,其患病率也在逐步上升[4]。
黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)是尿酸(Uric acid,UA)代谢途径中的关键酶,已成为UA药物开发的靶点。一些抗高尿酸血症药物通过抑制XOD活性来减少UA的产生,包括别嘌呤醇、非布司他[5-6]和托吡酯。这些药物可能会产生一些不良后果,如多发性关节炎、耐药、过敏和肝功能障碍[7]。血清尿酸浓度的升高会使机体长期处于炎症状态,并伴随着核因子-κB(Nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)炎症小体信号通路的激活,从而引起肾脏组织的病理损伤[8]。抗炎药对治疗高尿酸血症肾病(Hyperuricemic nephropathy,HN)有影响[9],长期使用糖皮质激素会导致感染等不良事件的风险增加[10]。非甾体抗炎药是痛风发作的一种非常常见的治疗方法,但不适用于患有肾损伤(Renal insufficiency,RI)和许多合并症的老年人患者[11]。因此,通过抑制XOD活性、增加尿酸的排泄及改善肾脏炎症可能是预防和减轻HUA的一种更安全、更有效、有前景的治疗策略。
在中国具有悠久历史的“药食同源”(Medicinal food homology,MFH)物质,是指兼具营养价值与药用功效的天然物质,这类物质在保障安全性前提下,对多种疾病的预防与辅助治疗具有积极作用[12−13]。本研究前期通过测定XOD抑制率,从近百种MFH中筛选出了具有潜在抗高尿酸血症作用的药材,并将其配伍为菊花复配方(Chrysanthemum compound formula,CCF),包括菊花、玉米须、金银花、蒲公英和桑叶。菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)中主要成分为黄酮类化合物、酚酸、萜烯和类固醇及多糖,具有抗炎、抗氧、抗高血压作用[14];玉米须(Stigma maydis)含有多种生物活性成分如十字纤维、多糖、黄酮类化合物、有机酸、皂苷、生物碱和其他化学物质[15],具有降糖、利尿和肾保护活性[16];金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)含有多种化学物质包括黄酮类、环烯醚萜、洛甘宁、苏白苷、皂苷,在肝保护、降血脂和抗痛风方面具有潜力[17−18];蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)具有的活性成分大多为酚酸和黄酮,包括绿原酸、槲皮素、木犀草素、原儿茶酸己糖苷、咖啡酸、咖啡酸衍生物等[19],具有肝胆保护和抗氧化能力[20];桑叶(Morus alba L.)主要成分为黄酮及酚酸[21],具有肾-肝保护、降血糖和脂质调节特性[22−23]。
网络药理学能够从中药固有的“多靶点、系统调控”的角度出发,分析疾病的发病机制,是研究中药可靠而有效的途径[24]。由于CCF活性成分众多,需要研究其多组分协同作用的机制,本研究借助网络药理学初步预测活性化合物及其疾病靶点,并推测影响的生物过程及参与的信号通路,并运用分子对接验证预测活性化合物结果、构建别嘌呤醇和次黄嘌呤诱导的高尿酸血症模型小鼠验证相关通路,进一步验证网络药理学结果,探讨CCF治疗HUA的可能作用机制。
菊花、玉米须、金银花、蒲公英、桑叶 长春中医药大学附属医院;别嘌呤醇(Allopurinol,ALL)、氧嗪酸钾(Potassium oxonate,PO)、次黄嘌呤(Hypoxanthine,HX)、黄嘌呤、XOD 上海元业生物技术有限公司;0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC-Na) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;UA试剂盒、XOD试剂盒、尿素氮(BUN)试剂盒、血清肌酐(CRE)试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)检测试剂盒 上海酶联生物技术有限公司;NF-κB、磷酸化核因子κB(p-NF-κB)、核因子κB抑制蛋白α(IκBα)、抑制性κB激酶β(IKKβ)、磷酸化抑制性κB激酶β(p-IKKβ)、OAT1、ABCG2、URAT1抗体 AFFINITY公司;GLUT9抗体 ABCAM公司;雄性KM/6小鼠(SPF,18~22 g) 购自北京华富康生物科技有限公司(实验动物生产合格许可证编号:SCXK(京)2024-0003)。
HH-1恒温水浴锅 镇江净信仪器公司;RT-6100酶标仪 Rayto生命科学股份有限公司;Eclipse Ni-U 生物显微镜 日本Nikon精机有限公司;SCG-W2000化学发光成像仪、SVE-2垂直电泳仪、SVT-2转印电泳仪 武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司;D3024R台式高速冷冻离心机 大龙兴创实验仪器(北京)股份公司;FD-1B冷冻干燥机 南通天翎仪器有限公司。
准备干燥的菊花、玉米丝、金银花、蒲公英和桑叶各20 g,将混合物按1:15(干燥药材:水)的比例稀释,提取液在100 ℃水浴中保持3 h。过滤完成后,将滤液浓缩至约250 mL,然后将其冷冻真空干燥。
本文对测定XOD抑制率的方法作了一些修改[25]。反应体系为pH7.5的磷酸缓冲液(120 μL),XOD溶液(30 μL,0.1 U/mL)和50 μL不同浓度的CCF或别嘌呤醇溶液,37 ℃,15 min孵育反应混合液。在反应混合物中加入黄嘌呤溶液(60 μL,0.5 mmol/L),在25 ℃下启动反应20 min,空白对照、样品对照组和别嘌呤醇阳性对照同时进行。每个样品重复3次。XOD活性通过使用酶标仪在295 nm波长下测定吸光度值计算。抑制率计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{I}({\text{%}})=\frac{(\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B})-(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{D})}{\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{B}}\times 100 $
式中:I表示抑制率,%;A:包含XOD的空白组;B:不包含XOD的空白对照组;C:包含XOD的样品组;D:不包含XOD的样品对照组。
通过TCMSP(https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php)数据库,预测菊花、玉米丝、金银花、蒲公英和桑叶的有效成分(口服功效(Oral Bioavailability,OB)≥30%,药物相似度(Drug-Likeness,DL)≥0.18)及活性成分基因靶点。将化合物和预测靶点输入到Cytoscape 3.9.1软件中,构建草药-成分-靶点网络。
在OMIM(https://omim.org/)和GeneCards(https://www.Genecards.org/)数据库中以“Hyperuricemia”为关键词收集HUA靶点。删除2个数据库中的重复项以获得最终的HUA靶点。
将药物和疾病靶基因导入Venny平台,获得共同靶基因。然后将这些共同靶基因导入STRING数据库(https://string-db.org),选择的生物体为“Homo sapiens”,置信度设为0.4,为中等置信度。根据度值,将下载的tsv文件导入Cytoscape 3.7.1软件进行绘图,最终得到核心目标点图。
为了验证网络药理学筛选结果,选取XOD和度值前5位的化合物进行分子对接。在PDB中找到XOD(3BDJ)蛋白结构(https://www.rcsb.org),并下载其三维结构PDB格式文件。使用Pymol软件去除水和配体。从PubChem数据库中下载化合物的SDF文件,并转换为mol2格式。使用AutoDock Tools 1.5.6软件,运行AutoDock Vina,将XOD与化合物进行组合,并使用Pymol软件对对接结果进行可视化分析。
将CCF和HUA共同基因导入DAVID(https://davidbioinformatics.nih.gov/)数据库,获取基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)富集分析的数据信息,以及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)的数据信息。根据P值筛选排名前20的KEGG通路,并根据基因数量选取排名前10的GO,在Bioinformation ATLAS网站(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)上绘制图形。
将CCF和HUA共同基因导入TRRUST(https://www.grnpedia.org/trrust/)数据库,查询基因的关键调控因子,在Bioinformation ATLAS网站(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)上绘制图形。
实验前对小鼠进行驯化1周。饲养环境21~24 ℃,湿度50%,明暗循环12 h,饲喂标准日粮,自由取水。实验动物经吉林农业大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会批准(伦理审查受理号:20231016002)。适应喂养7 d后,将小鼠随机分为6组,每组6只小鼠:对照组(NC)、HUA模型组(HUA)、别嘌呤醇组(ALL)、CCF低剂量组(SL)、CCF中剂量组(SM)、CCF高剂量组(SH)。NC组以0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)灌胃作为平行对照,其余5组以300 mg/kg PO和300 mg/kg HX灌胃建立HUA小鼠模型[26],连续造模7 d。参考LEE等[27]和WANG等[28]的给药剂量,及避免给药剂量过大,确定本实验阳性组及CCF治疗组给药剂量:5 mg/kg ALL,100 mg/kg SL,150 mg/kg SM,200 mg/kg SH,阳性组及CCF治疗组小鼠分别灌胃0.5% CMC-Na溶解的ALL和CCF,HUA组和NC组小鼠灌胃等量的0.5% CMC-Na,干预持续21 d。在最后一次治疗后2 h从后眦静脉抽血,采集的血样凝固1 h,然后3500 r/min离心10 min,分离血清。从小鼠身上摘取肾脏和肝脏组织。然后用生理盐水彻底冲洗,用滤纸轻轻拍干。随后,将左肾固定在4%多聚甲醛溶液中,血清样本、右肾和肝脏保存在−80 ℃。
切取肝肾组织,加入10倍体积的生理盐水。将所得液浆在4 ℃下混合,然后在2500 r/min下离心10 min。检测试剂盒用于检测血清尿酸水平,肝脏XOD活力,血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CRE)水平及肾脏TNF-α、IL-1β水平。
将固定在4%多聚甲醛溶液中的肾组织用一系列不同浓度的乙醇溶液脱水。然后将它们包埋在石蜡块中。随后制备5 μm厚的切片,依次用苏木精和伊红溶液对切片进行H&E染色[26]。在Nikon生物显微镜下进行观察,放大倍数为20×,提供100 μm比例尺。
用预冷磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤肾组织后,加入十倍体积的蛋白裂解缓冲液,用磨珠研磨,在冰上裂解,得到总蛋白溶液。用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒检测蛋白浓度。制胶机组装完成后,加入制备好的10%十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶。固化后,开始电泳。将聚偏氟乙烯膜用乙醇活化后,慢慢粘在凝胶上,然后依次粘上转移滤纸和转移海绵。用5 mL、5%脱脂牛奶阻断液将膜阻断30 min,用一抗和二抗孵育,用TBST洗脱。膜与电化学发光试剂反应后,在化学发光成像仪中曝光显影[26]。使用ImageJ对每个条带进行分析。
所有数据均以均数±标准差(SD)表示。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA)并作图,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
XOD是控制嘌呤核苷酸在体内最终代谢为UA的酶[29]。如图1所示,对CCF和ALL体外XOD抑制率进行检测,结果显示二者均对XOD呈现浓度依赖性抑制。此结果证实CCF能有效抑制XOD活性,其作用机制可能与降低酶与底物的结合能力有关,从而为调控尿酸代谢提供潜在途径。
从TCMSP数据库中共获得43种主要活性化合物,其中菊花17种,玉米须10种,金银花12种,蒲公英11种,桑叶6种,共有242个CCF主要活性化合物靶点基因。此外,本研究通过GeneCards和OMIM基因数据库收集到906个高尿酸血症靶基因(图2A)。
为探讨CCF在高尿酸血症中的作用机制,将CCF靶点与高尿酸血症靶点结合,按Degree值排序。交叉目标PPI网络可视化如图2B所示,该网络由65个节点和857条边组成。获得的前5位靶点包括肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、甘油醛磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDA)、白蛋白(ALB)、肿瘤蛋白P53(TP53)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β),提示它们可能是CCF在治疗HUA中发挥重要作用的靶点。为了探索CCF治疗HUA中靶基因与活性成分之间的更多联系,构建一个药用植物-成分-靶点网络(图2C)。根据Degree值对活性成分进行排序,排名前五的分别是槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇和异鼠李素。CCF中不同药材具有不同的多靶点作用活性成分,也存在一些共同的能协同作用于靶基因的活性成分。
XOD是形成尿酸的关键酶。因此,选择关键靶点数量最多的前5个化合物与XOD分子进行对接研究。槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇、异鼠李素与XOD分子的对接分数均小于−8 kcal/mol(表1)。如图3所示,其中槲皮素可与AGR60及LEU216形成氢键;山奈酚与LEU404和ILE264形成氢键;木犀草素与VAL259及LYS249形成氢键;β-谷甾醇可与ALA301和SER347形成氢键;而异鼠李素则与AGR60及HIS82形成氢键,通过强疏水相互作用促进最佳对接。综上所述,这五种化合物可以稳定地与XOD结合,并可能在CCF改善HUA的过程中发挥重要作用。
为了进一步阐明CCF治疗HUA的潜在机制,对65个潜在靶点进行了GO富集分析和KEGG富集分析。共有355个生物过程(Biological processes,BP)项、39个细胞组成(Cellular components,CC)项和56个分子功能(Molecular functions,MF)项显著富集(P<0.05)。根据基因数量选择BP、CC和MF的前10项(图4A)。确定的主要BP包括炎症反应、转录调节、凋亡过程、信号转导和细胞对脂多糖的反应。炎症反应与促炎细胞因子的产生密切相关。主要的CC包括细胞质、胞浆、细胞核、核质、细胞外空间。细胞外空间是炎症介质和信号分子发挥作用的地方。此外,主要的MF是蛋白质结合、DNA结合、酶结合、蛋白质同二聚化活性和大分子复合物结合。本研究通过KEGG通路富集分析鉴定出184条通路(P<0.05),根据P值筛选排名前20的KEGG通路,如图4B所示。结果表明,这些靶点主要富集于与代谢性疾病(如脂质代谢和动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病)、炎症通路(NF-κB通路、p53信号通路、IL-17信号通路)以及与肝脏相关的通路(丙型肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、乙型肝炎)。GO和KEGG分析都突出了NF-κB是炎症通路中最富集的蛋白。此外,在人工注释的转录调控网络数据库(Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence-based Text mining,TRRUST)富集分析中发现,交集基因受到NF-κB在内的许多转录因子的调控,见图4C。结合PPI网络、GO和KEGG富集分析,推测NF-κB通路可能是CCF治疗HUA的潜在通路,因此本文选择NF-κB通路进行进一步验证。
由图5A可知,HUA组的UA水平极显著高于NC组(P<0.001),说明HUA模型建立成功。与HUA组相比,SL、SM和SH的UA水平极显著降低(P<0.001),表明CCF缓解了HUA。在小鼠肝脏XOD活力的测定中(图5B),与HUA组相比,SL、SM和SH组XOD活力分别降低了44.4%、49.5%和37.6%,表明CCF能够抑制XOD活力,进而缓解HUA。
如图6A、图6B所示,与NC组相比,HUA组CRE和BUN水平极显著升高(P<0.001)。与HUA组相比,SL、SM和SH的BUN和CRE水平均极显著降低(P<0.001)。如图6C、图6D所示,HUA组IL-1β和TNF-α水平极显著高于NC组(P<0.001),表明HUA增加了肾组织中炎症因子的水平。然而,不同剂量CCF处理HUA小鼠时,IL-1β和TNF-α水平不同程度降低(P<0.05,P<0.001),提示CCF可能减少炎症细胞因子的分泌,改善肾损伤。
为了研究CCF对高尿酸血症小鼠肾组织的影响,采用H&E染色法观察肾组织。对照小鼠肾组织肾小球和肾小管结构正常,无炎症现象(图7)。与NC组相比,HUA组肾脏出现严重形态学病变,包括肾小管上皮细胞胞浆疏松,中度水肿变性,排列不规则,肾管腔内肾小管上皮细胞部分脱离,部分肾小管可见管型,肾间质血管扩张充血,肾间质可见分散的炎性细胞浸润。与HUA组相比,CCF组和ALL组的症状有所改善。因此,分析表明,CCF治疗成功地减轻了高尿酸血症小鼠肾脏的病理改变。
一般情况下,通过增加具有尿酸排泄功能的ATP结合盒输出蛋白2(ATP-binding cassette transporter,ABCG2)、有机阴离子转运蛋白1(Organic anion transporter 1,OAT1)和减少具有尿酸重吸收功能的蛋白葡萄糖转运蛋白9(Glucose transporter 9,GLUT9)、尿酸阴离子转运蛋白1(Urate transporter 1,URAT1),加速UA的排泄[30−32]。因此,本文进一步检测了URAT1、GLUT9、OAT1和ABCG2的蛋白表达。与NC组比较,HUA组小鼠肾组织中URAT1和GLUT9水平极显著升高,OAT1和ABCG2水平极显著降低(图8)(P<0.001)。与HUA组相比,ALL和CCF干预降低了URAT1和GLUT9的蛋白表达水平,同时逆转了OAT1和ABCG2蛋白表达的下调。上述结果表明,CCF通过调节肾脏尿酸转运蛋白的表达来降低UA水平。
基于网络药理学结果和小鼠炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的测定,提示CCF可能通过NF-κB信号通路改善HUA。因此,在CCF对HUA的影响研究中,本文选择NF-κB信号通路进行验证。采用Western blot检测p-NF-κB p65、NF-κB p65、IκBα、IKKβ和p-IKKβ蛋白水平(图9)。在NF-κB信号通路中,比例p-NF-κB/NF-κB代表NF-κB的活化程度,结果显示,HUA组p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值极显著高于NC组(P<0.001)。SL剂量组小鼠、SM剂量组小鼠、SH剂量组小鼠经过CCF的治疗,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65比值均极显著降低(P<0.001)。与HUA组相比,CCF剂量组逆转了IκBα的下调。CCF剂量组小鼠,p-IKKβ/IKKβ比值不同程度降低(P<0.05,P<0.001)。上述结果表明,CCF可能通过调节NF-κB信号通路,降低炎症因子的表达,改善肾脏炎症。
已有研究表明,HUA可诱导肝脏脂肪堆积[33]、心肌病和内皮功能障碍[34−35]。杜仲叶中的环烯醚萜和黄酮类化合物通过PI3K-AKT通路[36]改善HUA、肾损伤和炎症。铁皮石斛六方秘方调节HUA大鼠尿酸转运相关转运蛋白,抑制LPS/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,减少相关炎症因子的分泌[37]。
当内源性和外源性嘌呤核苷酸在肝脏分解代谢时,黄嘌呤氧化还原酶分解次黄嘌呤,产生不可逆的产物黄嘌呤和尿酸,这是由于进化过程中缺乏嘌呤酶[38]。体外研究表明,CCF对XOD的抑制有剂量依赖效应。并且通过体内小鼠实验表明,CCF干预显著抑制HUA小鼠肝脏XOD水平,同时降低UA水平。这表明CCF可能通过抑制XOD活力来改善HUA。
通过网络药理学科学分析发现槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、β-谷甾醇和异鼠李素可能是CCF缓解高尿酸血症的关键活性成分。异鼠李素被称为3'-O-甲基槲皮素,它是一种黄酮醇,经过O-甲基化,是槲皮素在哺乳动物体内发现的代谢物之一。异鼠李素通过直接抑制肝脏中XOD的活性来抑制UA的产生,导致高尿酸血症模型小鼠血浆和肝脏尿酸水平显著降低[39]。槲皮素是日常饮食中含量最多的类黄酮之一,能够可逆抑制XOD,促进尿酸排泄,保护肾脏[40−41]。山奈酚是一种在水果和蔬菜中发现的类黄酮,通过抑制NF-κB的活化和ERK-1/2、p38和JNK[42]的磷酸化,保护肝脏和肾脏。β-谷甾醇抑制XOD的活性及调节尿酸转运蛋白的表达,对高尿酸血症肾病具有明确肾保护作用[43]。木犀草素和木犀草素-4-O-葡萄糖苷通过减少尿酸转运蛋白和抑制XOD活性,增强UA排泄来改善HUA。此外,木犀草素和木犀草素-4-O-葡萄糖苷通过降低IL-1β和TNF-α水平改善炎症症状[44]。这些物质具有抑制体内XOD活性和治疗HUA的潜力。通过分子对接,这些物质可以很好地与XOD结合,进一步说明槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、谷甾醇、异鼠李素在CCF改善HUA过程中的重要作用。
肾脏是UA清除的主要途径,在调节UA稳态中起关键作用。经肾小球滤过后,10%的UA通过尿液排出体外,其余部分由近端小管重新吸收。在近端小管中,UA的转运不是单向的,而是双向的,包括重吸收和分泌[45]。在近端小管中,负责UA重吸收的主要蛋白是URAT1和GLUT9,其中GLUT9是基侧膜分泌UA的主要蛋白。尿酸的分泌由位于近端小管上皮细胞顶膜的ABCG2和位于基底侧膜的OAT1介导,OAT1将UA从间质转运到细胞[46]。综上所述,UA在近端小管的重吸收或分泌主要依赖于转运蛋白[47]。在本研究中,URAT1和GLUT9在HUA模型小鼠肾脏中显著上调。相反,CCF逆转了这些异常趋势。此外,CCF也逆转了OAT1和ABCG2的下调,总的来说,CCF可能通过调节尿酸转运蛋白来抑制UA的增加。
大量研究表明,炎症在HUA的过程中存在,并已成为其关键特征[48−49]。单钠尿酸盐(Monosodium urate,MSU)和血清UA均可导致肾脏炎症性损伤,肾功能受损是HUA的主要原因之一[50],MSU在肾脏引起的免疫细胞失调可能刺激HUA的发生及其并发症,血清UA通过刺激驻留的巨噬细胞募集循环免疫细胞,在损伤部位诱导炎症反应[51]。在实验模型中,中度高尿酸血症已被证明与肾小管损伤和巨噬细胞浸润的表现以及炎症介质表达增加有关,可通过治疗炎症反应,从而减轻HUA相关的组织损伤,并伴随血清尿酸浓度的下降[52]。NF-κB通路在调节促炎细胞因子的产生、白细胞募集、细胞存活等方面发挥着重要作用,其中NF-κB转录因子是NF-κB通路的重要组成部分,可诱导多种过程中靶基因的表达。UA上调NF-κB信号通路,IKKβ可通过激活NF-κB二聚体,诱导免疫细胞激活IκBα的磷酸化,随后向细胞核释放活性NF-κB,导致TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等促炎因子的释放,最终导致肾脏损害[8,11,51,53−55]。研究发现,CCF降低了CRE、BUN和炎症因子水平,肾脏组织病理学检查也显示CCF减轻了炎症细胞浸润。本研究通过体内实验证实了网络药理学的结果。与模型组比较,药物干预后IκBα上调,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65下调,炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β均不同程度下调。CCF可能通过调节NF-κB通路下调炎症因子,从而改善HUA相关的组织损伤及降低UA含量。
综上所述,研究结果表明,CCF可以通过抑制XOD,调节GLUT9、URAT1、OAT1和ABCG2转运蛋白,以及通过NF-κB途径下调炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β,从而提高肾脏UA排泄,改善高尿酸血症。本研究通过网络药理学、分子对接和小鼠实验为CCF治疗药物的开发提供理论基础。此外,本研究在探索CCF对高尿酸血症的保护机制方面取得了初步进展,成功验证了NF-κB信号通路的作用。这一发现为HUA提供了一个潜在的治疗靶点,并为HUA的治疗策略的发展提供了帮助。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090041
  • 接收时间:2025-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05
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    1吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院,吉林长春 130018
    2吉林农业科技学院中药学院,吉林吉林 132109

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毕云枫(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品酶学、功能性食品开发,E-mail:。
王和宇(1989−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能性食品成分分析、保健食品研究与开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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