Article(id=1320880221767708858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757001600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851985637, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851985637, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851985637, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851985637, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=181, endPage=193, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880222002589883, articleId=1320880221767708858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Ripening Quality of Lop Sheep Longissimus Dorsi, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the quality characteristics of postmortem mutton from the longissimus dorsi muscle of Lop sheep during ripening. Ultrasonic treatment was applied at 250 W and 22 kHz for 30 min at 4 ℃. The meat was then aged at 4 ℃ for up to 5 days, and quality parameters were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Analyses included total volatile base Nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable count, pH, color, water-holding capacity, texture profile, myofibrillar protein degradation, microstructure, and volatile flavor compounds. The results indicated that TVB-N values and total viable counts increased with prolonged aging time. pH increased after 1 day of aging, while shear force and hardness significantly decreased (P<0.05). The L* value reached its maximum on day 3. Cooking loss was significantly reduced after 3 days of aging (P<0.05). Ultrasonic treatment accelerated the pH increase, reduced cooking loss, and resulted in substantially lower TVB-N and shear force values compared to the untreated control after 3 days (P<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed gradual degradation of high-molecular-weight proteins and an increase in low-molecular-weight protein content, which contributed to improved tenderness. Transmission electron microscopy and Hematoxylin–Eosin staining showed that sarcomere length increased during aging, while muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area decreased. Ultrasonication significantly increased sarcomere length (P<0.05), increased muscle fiber density, and promoted structural loosening of the muscle tissue. A total of 82 volatile flavor compounds were identified at 0 and 3 days of aging. Key aroma compounds included hexadecanal, ethyl palmitate, nonanal, octadecanal, ethyl tetradecanoate, 2-undecenal, and tetradecanal. The aldehyde content increased significantly by day 3 in the ultrasonicated group, suggesting enhanced flavor development. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment improved the tenderness and overall quality of mutton, with optimal quality observed on the third day of aging.

, authors=Yang LIU1, Yanni MA1, Maimaitijiang JIEMILA1, Qian MA1, Na LI1, Habudulisaimaiti ZHULEDUZI2, Abulikemu BATUER1, *, authorsList=Yang LIU, Yanni MA, Maimaitijiang JIEMILA, Qian MA, Na LI, Habudulisaimaiti ZHULEDUZI, Abulikemu BATUER, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Abulikemu BATUER, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880225467085006, articleId=1320880221767708858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超声处理对罗布羊背最长肌成熟品质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究超声处理对宰后羊肉成熟过程中品质的影响,本研究以罗布羊背最长肌为研究对象,在超声功率250 W,频率22 kHz,时间30 min,温度4 ℃的条件下处理,探究分别在4 ℃条件成熟0、1、2、3、4、5 d的品质特性变化,分析挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Base Nitrogen,TVB-N)值、菌落总数、pH、色泽、保水性、质构特性、肌原纤维蛋白降解、微观结构以及挥发性风味等指标的变化规律。结果表明:随着成熟时间的延长,TVB-N值和菌落总数呈上升趋势;pH在成熟1 d后上升;剪切力、硬度在成熟1 d后显著降低(P<0.05);L*值在成熟第3 d时达到最大值;蒸煮损失在成熟3 d后显著降低(P<0.05)。超声处理后pH上升速率加快,蒸煮损失较低,TVB-N值和剪切力在成熟第3 d后显著低于冷藏组(P<0.05)。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)结果显示,在成熟期间,大分子蛋白逐渐降解,小分子蛋白含量升高,嫩度改善;透射电子显微镜和苏木精-伊红染色法(Hematoxylin-eosin staining)结果表明,羊肉在成熟期间肌节逐渐增长,肌纤维直径和面积减小;经超声处理后,肌节长度显著增长(P<0.05),肌纤维密度增大,肌肉组织逐渐松弛。在成熟0 d和3 d时共定性出82种挥发性风味物质,其中十六醛、十六酸乙酯、壬醛、十八醛、十四酸乙酯、2-十一烯醛和十四醛为羊肉中关键香气成分,且超声处理后在成熟3 d时醛类物质含量明显提升,可改善羊肉风味。综上所述,超声处理可以有效改善羊肉嫩度,提升羊肉品质,且在第3 d时,羊肉达到最佳成熟期,品质最佳。

, authors=刘阳1, 马艳妮1, 杰米拉·买买提江1, 马倩1, 李娜1, 朱勒都孜·哈布都里赛买提2, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木1, *, authorsList=刘阳, 马艳妮, 杰米拉·买买提江, 马倩, 李娜, 朱勒都孜·哈布都里赛买提, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=巴吐尔·阿不力克木, authorNote=

刘阳(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
巴吐尔·阿不力克木(1968−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工原理与技术,E-mail:。
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刘阳(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品加工,E-mail:

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刘阳(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品加工,E-mail:

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Food Science, 2015, 36(24): 131−136., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880225714548943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880225722937552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, companyId=1320880225714548943, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880225731326161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, companyId=1320880225714548943, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880225819406546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880225827795155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, companyId=1320880225819406546, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Tacheng Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Tacheng 834700, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880225840378068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, companyId=1320880225819406546, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2塔城地区农产品质量安全检验检测中心,新疆塔城 834700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880229795606786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of ultrasonic treatment on TVB-N of Lop mutton at postmortem maturation, figureFileSmall=7CmNpm647wmfEKyisgNK+g==, figureFileBig=f3s9qpah0JFJpRPWhqBvyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880229879492867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图1, caption=超声处理对宰后成熟期罗布羊肉TVB-N的影响

注:小写字母不同表示同一处理组不同成熟时间差异显著(P<0.05),大写字母不同表示同一成熟时间不同处理组之间差异显著(P<0.05);图2~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=7CmNpm647wmfEKyisgNK+g==, figureFileBig=f3s9qpah0JFJpRPWhqBvyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230085013764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of ultrasonic treatment on total bacterial count of Lop mutton at postmortem maturation, figureFileSmall=tyTxdk6r3bHc6z0XWQY0Sg==, figureFileBig=G66nlVmMLkmVfbIRgD8WKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230160511237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图2, caption=超声处理对宰后成熟期罗布羊肉菌落总数的影响, figureFileSmall=tyTxdk6r3bHc6z0XWQY0Sg==, figureFileBig=G66nlVmMLkmVfbIRgD8WKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230219231494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of ultrasonic treatment on pH of Lop mutton at postmortem maturation, figureFileSmall=ptVo4eBZO/iaYJcjZaZW5g==, figureFileBig=xZM9GgAzkukES1D4AnomAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230319894791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图3, caption=超声处理对宰后成熟期罗布羊肉pH的影响, figureFileSmall=ptVo4eBZO/iaYJcjZaZW5g==, figureFileBig=xZM9GgAzkukES1D4AnomAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230387003656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of ultrasonic treatment on cooking loss of Lop mutton at postmortem maturation, figureFileSmall=QNq09JNBkbBlfLqClD0vDw==, figureFileBig=Ij22Mmevu1Ys9Wto1TnIMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230458306825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图4, caption=超声处理对宰后成熟期罗布羊肉蒸煮损失的影响, figureFileSmall=QNq09JNBkbBlfLqClD0vDw==, figureFileBig=Ij22Mmevu1Ys9Wto1TnIMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230533804298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SDS-PAGE profiles of myofibrillar proteins from Lop mutton during postmortem aging, figureFileSmall=QDkC5/V8dTPo7uhUZZaBcg==, figureFileBig=CV+WMGZDPuLnSTKdQ+uvrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230600913163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图5, caption=超声处理宰后成熟期罗布羊肉肌原纤维蛋白SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳图谱, figureFileSmall=QDkC5/V8dTPo7uhUZZaBcg==, figureFileBig=CV+WMGZDPuLnSTKdQ+uvrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230688993548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Ultrastructural images of Lop mutton myofibrils at post-mortem maturity after ultrasonic treatment (longitudinal section, 4000×), figureFileSmall=3oDFBX10u5aMpgngUYgZyA==, figureFileBig=rkqS+59OvTKe3rwF71YtTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230768685325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图6, caption=超声处理宰后成熟期罗布羊肉肌原纤维超微结构图(纵切,4000倍)

注:A为CK组;B为US组;图6A和图6B从左到右依次为成熟0~5 d。

, figureFileSmall=3oDFBX10u5aMpgngUYgZyA==, figureFileBig=rkqS+59OvTKe3rwF71YtTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230844182798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Microstructure diagrams of myofibrils of Lop mutton at postmortem maturity after ultrasonic treatment (cross-section, 200×), figureFileSmall=eI8Y7gH8yI7/FDcKaoAIcQ==, figureFileBig=+L8deO+LrVsetRh8Lk+Uwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880230953234703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图7, caption=超声处理宰后成熟期罗布羊肉肌原纤维微观结构图(横切,200×)

注:A为CK组;B为US组;图7A和图7B从左到右依次为成熟0~5 d。

, figureFileSmall=eI8Y7gH8yI7/FDcKaoAIcQ==, figureFileBig=+L8deO+LrVsetRh8Lk+Uwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880231062286608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Volatile flavor compounds in Lop mutton, figureFileSmall=TbaIEIIdyF80KnlnQP1PHg==, figureFileBig=rTgPqF0WuucJymPM7lUXyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880231146172689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图8, caption=罗布羊肉挥发性风味物质, figureFileSmall=TbaIEIIdyF80KnlnQP1PHg==, figureFileBig=rTgPqF0WuucJymPM7lUXyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880231213281554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Multivariate statistical analysis of volatile compounds in Lop mutton during postmortem aging, figureFileSmall=V3+czFDJdPRIahPsTL0VNA==, figureFileBig=dFnIRc6Nlz2CgkzEWnCGvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880231288779027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=图9, caption=宰后成熟过程中罗布羊肉挥发性物质多元统计分析

注:A为挥发性风味物质得分图;B为置换检验图;C为VIP图;D为聚类热图。

, figureFileSmall=V3+czFDJdPRIahPsTL0VNA==, figureFileBig=dFnIRc6Nlz2CgkzEWnCGvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880231393636628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the color of Lop mutton at postmortem maturity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
色值组别成熟时间(d)
012345
L*CK32.53±1.76Ac32.85±2.40Ac34.56±2.28Bbc38.53±0.46Ba36.94±0.58Bab35.01±2.65Abc
US32.33±1.91Ac33.86±0.78Ac37.53±0.81Ab40.53±0.99Aa40.47±1.30Aa36.81±1.20Ab
a*CK18.76±1.08Aa17.15±0.89Bbc17.34±0.83Ab16.90±0.65Abc17.00±1.13Abc15.81±0.74Ac
US19.35±1.85Aa18.29±0.35Aab17.21±0.41Abc17.14±1.31Abc17.08±0.46Abc16.53±0.49Ac
b*CK18.67±0.49Ab18.90±1.83Ab20.10±1.50Aab20.19±1.15Aab21.32±1.06Aa21.70±1.55Aa
US16.26±0.98Bc18.35±1.22Ab20.17±1.38Aa20.81±0.63Aa21.47±1.22Aa21.63±0.77Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880231473328405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

超声处理对宰后成熟期罗布羊肉色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
色值组别成熟时间(d)
012345
L*CK32.53±1.76Ac32.85±2.40Ac34.56±2.28Bbc38.53±0.46Ba36.94±0.58Bab35.01±2.65Abc
US32.33±1.91Ac33.86±0.78Ac37.53±0.81Ab40.53±0.99Aa40.47±1.30Aa36.81±1.20Ab
a*CK18.76±1.08Aa17.15±0.89Bbc17.34±0.83Ab16.90±0.65Abc17.00±1.13Abc15.81±0.74Ac
US19.35±1.85Aa18.29±0.35Aab17.21±0.41Abc17.14±1.31Abc17.08±0.46Abc16.53±0.49Ac
b*CK18.67±0.49Ab18.90±1.83Ab20.10±1.50Aab20.19±1.15Aab21.32±1.06Aa21.70±1.55Aa
US16.26±0.98Bc18.35±1.22Ab20.17±1.38Aa20.81±0.63Aa21.47±1.22Aa21.63±0.77Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880231548825878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the texture characteristics of Lop mutton at postmortem maturity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质构特性组别成熟时间(d)
012345
剪切力CK55.29±3.91Ab69.05±4.12Aa50.45±1.87Ab40.44±4.47Ac35.57±3.71Ac35.26±2.81Ac
US56.94±3.88Aa61.42±2.02Ba46.10±3.34Bb31.54±2.97Bc28.98±2.32Bc29.19±2.85Bc
硬度(g)CK436.86±16.79Ab595.14±18.76Aa462.18±30.40Ab396.22±25.03Ac324.27±26.46Ad295.35±25.86Ad
US414.11±12.93Bb509.64±38.44Ba434.44±7.83Ab355.88±21.44Bc305.99±20.87Ad285.35±19.12Ad
弹性CK0.99±0.01Aa0.96±0.03Aab0.97±0.01Aab0.96±0.03Aab0.94±0.07Aab0.92±0.01Ab
US0.97±0.01Aab0.96±0.01Aab0.97±0.01Aa0.96±0.01Aab0.92±0.06Abc0.89±0.06Ac
内聚性CK0.73±0.04Aa0.69±0.11Aab0.64±0.11Abcd0.58±0.03Acd0.56±0.05Ad0.57±0.06Ad
US0.60±0.04Ba0.58±0.06Aab0.56±0.14Aab0.58±0.12Aab0.58±0.07Aab0.48±0.02Bb
咀嚼性(g)CK282.68±6.67Ab334.17±14.79Aa234.79±36.44Abc217.94±41.81Ac208.91±45.14Ac224.27±29.04Ac
US221.81±25.59Bb276.44±42.59Ba230.52±35.61Aab199.28±28.48Ab184.20±37.49Ab131.48±27.15Bc
恢复力CK0.43±0.11Aa0.38±0.04Aab0.33±0.07Aab0.33±0.03Ab0.31±0.04Ab0.31±0.06Ab
US0.34±0.04Aa0.33±0.08Aa0.31±0.10Aab0.28±0.08Aab0.28±0.07Aab0.19±0.05Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1320880231620129047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

超声处理对宰后成熟期罗布羊肉质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质构特性组别成熟时间(d)
012345
剪切力CK55.29±3.91Ab69.05±4.12Aa50.45±1.87Ab40.44±4.47Ac35.57±3.71Ac35.26±2.81Ac
US56.94±3.88Aa61.42±2.02Ba46.10±3.34Bb31.54±2.97Bc28.98±2.32Bc29.19±2.85Bc
硬度(g)CK436.86±16.79Ab595.14±18.76Aa462.18±30.40Ab396.22±25.03Ac324.27±26.46Ad295.35±25.86Ad
US414.11±12.93Bb509.64±38.44Ba434.44±7.83Ab355.88±21.44Bc305.99±20.87Ad285.35±19.12Ad
弹性CK0.99±0.01Aa0.96±0.03Aab0.97±0.01Aab0.96±0.03Aab0.94±0.07Aab0.92±0.01Ab
US0.97±0.01Aab0.96±0.01Aab0.97±0.01Aa0.96±0.01Aab0.92±0.06Abc0.89±0.06Ac
内聚性CK0.73±0.04Aa0.69±0.11Aab0.64±0.11Abcd0.58±0.03Acd0.56±0.05Ad0.57±0.06Ad
US0.60±0.04Ba0.58±0.06Aab0.56±0.14Aab0.58±0.12Aab0.58±0.07Aab0.48±0.02Bb
咀嚼性(g)CK282.68±6.67Ab334.17±14.79Aa234.79±36.44Abc217.94±41.81Ac208.91±45.14Ac224.27±29.04Ac
US221.81±25.59Bb276.44±42.59Ba230.52±35.61Aab199.28±28.48Ab184.20±37.49Ab131.48±27.15Bc
恢复力CK0.43±0.11Aa0.38±0.04Aab0.33±0.07Aab0.33±0.03Ab0.31±0.04Ab0.31±0.06Ab
US0.34±0.04Aa0.33±0.08Aa0.31±0.10Aab0.28±0.08Aab0.28±0.07Aab0.19±0.05Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1320880231704015128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in myofibrils properties of Lop mutton at post-mortem maturation after ultrasonic treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别成熟时间(d)
012345
肌节长度(μm)CK1.54±0.03Ad1.40±0.04Be1.62±0.04Bc1.70±0.04Bb1.72±0.03Bb1.76±0.05Ba
US1.51±0.03Bf1.42±0.03Ae1.71±0.05Ad1.84±0.05Ac1.90±0.08Ab1.95±0.04Aa
肌纤维直径(μm)CK48.62±3.12Aa47.76±3.14Aab47.37±1.89Aabc46.71±1.55Abc46.44±1.38Abc45.78±1.88Ac
US48.46±3.40Aa47.29±2.90Aab46.43±3.22Aab46.15±2.70Ab45.63±2.48Ab45.13±2.37Aba
肌纤维面积(μm2)CK1576.00±219.99Aa1479.35±364.58Aa1391.11±221.09Aab1194.72±184.39Abc1085.49±331.89Ac817.49±81.41Ad
US1509.73±304.80Aa1347.80±296.41Aab1189.70±196.40Bbc1025.30±188.73Bc1009.20±187.81Ac781.59±124.29Ad
肌纤维密度 (纤维数/mm2)CK521.53±27.31Ad563.25±24.89Ad628.82±26.94Bc694.38±11.25Bb733.12±17.89Bab759.95±27.20Ba
US524.51±26.19Ae587.10±26.20Ad683.95±20.48Ac728.65±16.12Abc773.36±16.12Ab825.51±29.08Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880231766929689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

超声处理宰后成熟期罗布羊肉肌原纤维特性的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别成熟时间(d)
012345
肌节长度(μm)CK1.54±0.03Ad1.40±0.04Be1.62±0.04Bc1.70±0.04Bb1.72±0.03Bb1.76±0.05Ba
US1.51±0.03Bf1.42±0.03Ae1.71±0.05Ad1.84±0.05Ac1.90±0.08Ab1.95±0.04Aa
肌纤维直径(μm)CK48.62±3.12Aa47.76±3.14Aab47.37±1.89Aabc46.71±1.55Abc46.44±1.38Abc45.78±1.88Ac
US48.46±3.40Aa47.29±2.90Aab46.43±3.22Aab46.15±2.70Ab45.63±2.48Ab45.13±2.37Aba
肌纤维面积(μm2)CK1576.00±219.99Aa1479.35±364.58Aa1391.11±221.09Aab1194.72±184.39Abc1085.49±331.89Ac817.49±81.41Ad
US1509.73±304.80Aa1347.80±296.41Aab1189.70±196.40Bbc1025.30±188.73Bc1009.20±187.81Ac781.59±124.29Ad
肌纤维密度 (纤维数/mm2)CK521.53±27.31Ad563.25±24.89Ad628.82±26.94Bc694.38±11.25Bb733.12±17.89Bab759.95±27.20Ba
US524.51±26.19Ae587.10±26.20Ad683.95±20.48Ac728.65±16.12Abc773.36±16.12Ab825.51±29.08Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1320880231846621466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Volatile flavor compounds in Lop mutton meat during post-slaughter aging (μg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)香气成分分子式CASLB-CKLB-US
0 d3 d0 d3 d
17.7932庚醛C7H14O111-71-72.02±0.732.84±0.765.39±1.812.08±0.90
29.5326苯甲醛C7H6O100-52-77.72±1.858.63±3.338.30±3.2612.44±4.45
310.8615辛醛C8H16O124-13-010.58±1.4311.19±3.8612.42±3.4113.53±2.05
412.1093苯乙醛C8H8O122-78-1Nd0.47±0.18Nd0.40±0.13
513.9514壬醛C9H18O124-19-636.38±3.0943.85±15.6737.10±10.1752.32±17.10
615.5936反式-2-壬烯醛C9H16O18829-56-61.93±0.12Nd2.25±0.531.03±0.24
716.9225癸醛C10H20O112-31-24.95±0.864.69±2.804.29±2.9610.09±2.92
818.4945反式-2-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-34.34±0.481.89±0.621.85±0.271.07±0.06
919.7387十一醛C11H22O112-44-71.64±0.221.40±0.711.77±0.482.17±0.48
1019.9927反式-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-84-5NdNdNd0.58±0.05
1121.23872-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-67.95±0.943.74±1.28NdNd
1222.4001十二醛C12H24O112-54-93.47±0.522.39±1.07NdNd
1324.9120十三醛C13H26O10486-19-84.30±0.482.29±1.113.61±1.403.40±1.56
1427.2943十四醛C14H28O124-25-411.57±1.835.60±2.808.02±3.194.77±3.12
1529.5577十五醛C15H30O2765-11-923.37±3.3711.21±7.2015.91±6.4811.61±4.70
1631.7221十六醛C16H32O629-80-1143.52±29.9497.84±77.84119.43±59.75165.98±22.39
1733.009613-甲基-十四醛C15H30O75853-51-95.24±0.290.71±0.235.06±2.55Nd
1833.7497十七醛C17H34O1000376-70-09.68±1.875.77±4.689.36±4.3811.26±4.07
1935.7052十八醛C18H36O638-66-428.12±7.6320.27±16.7325.59±13.6323.11±12.59
205.1157丁酸乙酯C6H12O2105-54-4Nd0.74±0.21Nd0.93±0.00
218.14624-羟基丁酸内酯C4H6O296-48-0NdNdNd0.53±0.09
2210.2945正己酸乙烯酯C8H14O23050-69-9NdNd0.83±0.35Nd
2313.7822庚酸乙酯C9H18O2106-30-92.52±0.621.92±0.422.22±0.472.01±0.36
2416.6885辛酸乙酯C10H20O2106-32-116.60±2.2312.63±4.488.00±3.1114.31±2.46
2519.4471壬酸乙酯C11H22O2123-29-518.31±2.718.50±2.878.78±4.619.98±0.28
2620.86963-苯丙酸乙酯C11H14O22021-28-50.92±0.150.56±0.140.76±0.270.63±0.09
2721.7267二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸甲酯C6H13NS2686-07-724.64±1.4736.08±12.8864.13±18.9938.29±14.47
2822.0599癸酸乙酯C12H24O2110-38-315.20±1.8112.76±5.4511.04±2.9919.32±7.46
2926.8838月桂酸乙酯C14H28O2106-33-24.95±0.604.97±2.733.98±2.016.16±2.13
3031.2432十四酸乙酯C16H32O2124-06-123.12±2.8414.43±4.358.22±1.1014.35±6.49
3133.2707十五酸乙酯C17H34O241114-00-53.31±0.422.20±0.542.62±0.841.27±0.28
3234.6375邻苯二甲酸二丁酯C16H22O484-74-2NdNd1.93±0.47Nd
3334.80859-十六碳烯酸乙酯C18H34O254546-22-44.97±1.362.99±1.09Nd1.81±1.42
3435.2119十六酸乙酯C18H36O2628-97-776.80±12.0449.20±17.8330.77±3.1742.73±17.68
3538.3774反油酸乙酯C20H38O26114-18-711.49±1.538.69±4.986.37±3.526.14±2.60
3638.8366十八酸乙酯C20H40O2111-61-54.61±0.743.78±2.102.33±0.652.51±1.33
3719.5191十三烷C13H28629-50-5NdNd1.00±0.421.05±0.35
3824.1499十四烷C14H30629-54-93.45±0.472.13±0.653.48±2.184.09±0.80
3923.71102,6,10-三甲基十三烷C16H343891-99-4NdNdNd2.98±0.74
4024.6378十五烷C15H32629-62-9NdNd3.08±1.194.64±1.97
4126.9864十六烷C16H34544-76-32.86±0.472.63±0.743.91±1.426.26±2.25
4229.2175十七烷C17H36629-78-73.56±0.543.69±1.654.63±1.065.22±1.49
4329.34892,6,10,14-四甲基十五烷C19H401921-70-6Nd2.14±1.19Nd2.29±0.59
4431.3440十八烷C18H38593-45-3Nd2.57±1.234.18±1.253.35±1.28
4531.3476十九烷C19H40629-92-52.70±0.50NdNdNd
4631.55472,6,10,14-四甲基十六烷C20H42638-36-81.97±0.333.82±1.908.77±3.394.14±1.72
4712.9593正辛醇C8H18O111-87-52.25±1.404.55±1.764.31±0.826.65±1.10
4813.38972-苯异丙醇C9H12O617-94-7NdNdNd0.52±0.16
4917.33672-苯氧基乙醇C8H10O2122-99-6NdNdNd1.69±0.44
5028.6287环十二醇C12H24O1724-39-6NdNd1.69±0.67Nd
5128.8556反-2-十二烯-1-醇C12H24O69064-37-5Nd0.68±0.43NdNd
5231.09913,7,11-三甲基-1-十二醇C15H32O6750-34-11.47±0.201.10±0.561.64±0.881.07±0.56
5333.177014-甲基-8-十六烯-1-醇C17H34O30689-78-26.84±1.524.66±3.915.39±3.93Nd
5434.07201-十六烷醇C16H34O36653-82-40.70±0.21NdNdNd
5515.9863辛酸C8H16O2124-07-2NdNdNd3.44±0.74
5618.7232壬酸C9H18O2112-05-04.31±0.913.08±1.554.03±0.933.85±0.92
5721.3396癸酸C10H20O2334-48-53.53±0.505.09±1.974.13±1.459.82±4.05
5826.1311月桂酸C12H24O2143-07-71.32±0.302.66±0.862.57±1.114.57±2.23
5930.5427十四酸C14H28O2544-63-86.06±2.865.02±1.683.62±0.767.67±2.44
6034.5780棕榈酸C16H32O21957-10-310.18±6.6513.34±8.024.39±0.9014.18±9.09
617.0532苯乙烯C8H8100-42-5NdNd0.96±0.301.06±0.30
6211.6269环己烯C10H161461-27-4NdNd4.82±1.24Nd
6311.6322右旋萜二烯C10H165989-27-52.21±1.183.67±1.50Nd8.75±3.02
6412.5632萜品烯C10H1699-85-41.61±0.192.98±0.21Nd2.02±0.66
6522.7674三甲基亚甲基双环十一碳烯C15H24118-65-01.17±0.19NdNdNd
6632.3020(E)-3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯C20H4014237-73-12.22±0.435.96±3.0517.88±8.736.98±3.45
6710.3916甲基庚烯酮C8H14O110-93-0Nd0.82±0.211.11±0.190.82±0.28
6812.7955苯乙酮C10H20O98-86-2Nd0.39±0.09NdNd
6916.55892-癸酮C10H20O693-54-9Nd0.70±0.290.80±0.28Nd
7019.06533-十一酮C11H22O2216-87-71.05±0.16NdNdNd
7123.5148香叶基丙酮C13H22O689-67-82.34±0.532.78±0.36Nd3.52±0.87
726.6246乙基苯C8H10100-41-4Nd0.38±0.070.61±0.160.38±0.05
737.0640对二甲苯C8H10106-42-3NdNd1.76±1.12Nd
7411.5044邻异丙基甲苯C10H14527-84-412.89±1.3014.83±0.6413.13±1.5314.02±1.67
7516.2564甘菊蓝C10H8275-51-4NdNd2.02±0.67Nd
7617.17652,3-二氢噻吩C4H6S1120-59-8Nd5.72±1.859.70±3.66Nd
7719.3408百里香酚C10H14O89-83-8Nd2.37±0.72Nd3.22±0.55
7819.6542N,N-二丁基甲酰胺C9H19NO761-65-92.23±0.176.07±2.636.69±2.458.11±3.06
7921.9626烟酰胺C6H6N2O98-92-03.81±1.291.83±0.73Nd4.35±0.93
8029.70001,2-环氧十六烷C16H32O7320-37-81.12±0.081.06±0.56NdNd
8132.61711,2-环氧十八烷C18H36O7390-81-06.47±1.03NdNd3.92±2.53
8233.4886十六烷基二甲基叔胺C18H39N112-69-6NdNdNd7.67±4.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320880231938896155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

宰后成熟过程罗布羊肉挥发性风味成分(μg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)香气成分分子式CASLB-CKLB-US
0 d3 d0 d3 d
17.7932庚醛C7H14O111-71-72.02±0.732.84±0.765.39±1.812.08±0.90
29.5326苯甲醛C7H6O100-52-77.72±1.858.63±3.338.30±3.2612.44±4.45
310.8615辛醛C8H16O124-13-010.58±1.4311.19±3.8612.42±3.4113.53±2.05
412.1093苯乙醛C8H8O122-78-1Nd0.47±0.18Nd0.40±0.13
513.9514壬醛C9H18O124-19-636.38±3.0943.85±15.6737.10±10.1752.32±17.10
615.5936反式-2-壬烯醛C9H16O18829-56-61.93±0.12Nd2.25±0.531.03±0.24
716.9225癸醛C10H20O112-31-24.95±0.864.69±2.804.29±2.9610.09±2.92
818.4945反式-2-癸烯醛C10H18O3913-81-34.34±0.481.89±0.621.85±0.271.07±0.06
919.7387十一醛C11H22O112-44-71.64±0.221.40±0.711.77±0.482.17±0.48
1019.9927反式-2,4-癸二烯醛C10H16O25152-84-5NdNdNd0.58±0.05
1121.23872-十一烯醛C11H20O2463-77-67.95±0.943.74±1.28NdNd
1222.4001十二醛C12H24O112-54-93.47±0.522.39±1.07NdNd
1324.9120十三醛C13H26O10486-19-84.30±0.482.29±1.113.61±1.403.40±1.56
1427.2943十四醛C14H28O124-25-411.57±1.835.60±2.808.02±3.194.77±3.12
1529.5577十五醛C15H30O2765-11-923.37±3.3711.21±7.2015.91±6.4811.61±4.70
1631.7221十六醛C16H32O629-80-1143.52±29.9497.84±77.84119.43±59.75165.98±22.39
1733.009613-甲基-十四醛C15H30O75853-51-95.24±0.290.71±0.235.06±2.55Nd
1833.7497十七醛C17H34O1000376-70-09.68±1.875.77±4.689.36±4.3811.26±4.07
1935.7052十八醛C18H36O638-66-428.12±7.6320.27±16.7325.59±13.6323.11±12.59
205.1157丁酸乙酯C6H12O2105-54-4Nd0.74±0.21Nd0.93±0.00
218.14624-羟基丁酸内酯C4H6O296-48-0NdNdNd0.53±0.09
2210.2945正己酸乙烯酯C8H14O23050-69-9NdNd0.83±0.35Nd
2313.7822庚酸乙酯C9H18O2106-30-92.52±0.621.92±0.422.22±0.472.01±0.36
2416.6885辛酸乙酯C10H20O2106-32-116.60±2.2312.63±4.488.00±3.1114.31±2.46
2519.4471壬酸乙酯C11H22O2123-29-518.31±2.718.50±2.878.78±4.619.98±0.28
2620.86963-苯丙酸乙酯C11H14O22021-28-50.92±0.150.56±0.140.76±0.270.63±0.09
2721.7267二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸甲酯C6H13NS2686-07-724.64±1.4736.08±12.8864.13±18.9938.29±14.47
2822.0599癸酸乙酯C12H24O2110-38-315.20±1.8112.76±5.4511.04±2.9919.32±7.46
2926.8838月桂酸乙酯C14H28O2106-33-24.95±0.604.97±2.733.98±2.016.16±2.13
3031.2432十四酸乙酯C16H32O2124-06-123.12±2.8414.43±4.358.22±1.1014.35±6.49
3133.2707十五酸乙酯C17H34O241114-00-53.31±0.422.20±0.542.62±0.841.27±0.28
3234.6375邻苯二甲酸二丁酯C16H22O484-74-2NdNd1.93±0.47Nd
3334.80859-十六碳烯酸乙酯C18H34O254546-22-44.97±1.362.99±1.09Nd1.81±1.42
3435.2119十六酸乙酯C18H36O2628-97-776.80±12.0449.20±17.8330.77±3.1742.73±17.68
3538.3774反油酸乙酯C20H38O26114-18-711.49±1.538.69±4.986.37±3.526.14±2.60
3638.8366十八酸乙酯C20H40O2111-61-54.61±0.743.78±2.102.33±0.652.51±1.33
3719.5191十三烷C13H28629-50-5NdNd1.00±0.421.05±0.35
3824.1499十四烷C14H30629-54-93.45±0.472.13±0.653.48±2.184.09±0.80
3923.71102,6,10-三甲基十三烷C16H343891-99-4NdNdNd2.98±0.74
4024.6378十五烷C15H32629-62-9NdNd3.08±1.194.64±1.97
4126.9864十六烷C16H34544-76-32.86±0.472.63±0.743.91±1.426.26±2.25
4229.2175十七烷C17H36629-78-73.56±0.543.69±1.654.63±1.065.22±1.49
4329.34892,6,10,14-四甲基十五烷C19H401921-70-6Nd2.14±1.19Nd2.29±0.59
4431.3440十八烷C18H38593-45-3Nd2.57±1.234.18±1.253.35±1.28
4531.3476十九烷C19H40629-92-52.70±0.50NdNdNd
4631.55472,6,10,14-四甲基十六烷C20H42638-36-81.97±0.333.82±1.908.77±3.394.14±1.72
4712.9593正辛醇C8H18O111-87-52.25±1.404.55±1.764.31±0.826.65±1.10
4813.38972-苯异丙醇C9H12O617-94-7NdNdNd0.52±0.16
4917.33672-苯氧基乙醇C8H10O2122-99-6NdNdNd1.69±0.44
5028.6287环十二醇C12H24O1724-39-6NdNd1.69±0.67Nd
5128.8556反-2-十二烯-1-醇C12H24O69064-37-5Nd0.68±0.43NdNd
5231.09913,7,11-三甲基-1-十二醇C15H32O6750-34-11.47±0.201.10±0.561.64±0.881.07±0.56
5333.177014-甲基-8-十六烯-1-醇C17H34O30689-78-26.84±1.524.66±3.915.39±3.93Nd
5434.07201-十六烷醇C16H34O36653-82-40.70±0.21NdNdNd
5515.9863辛酸C8H16O2124-07-2NdNdNd3.44±0.74
5618.7232壬酸C9H18O2112-05-04.31±0.913.08±1.554.03±0.933.85±0.92
5721.3396癸酸C10H20O2334-48-53.53±0.505.09±1.974.13±1.459.82±4.05
5826.1311月桂酸C12H24O2143-07-71.32±0.302.66±0.862.57±1.114.57±2.23
5930.5427十四酸C14H28O2544-63-86.06±2.865.02±1.683.62±0.767.67±2.44
6034.5780棕榈酸C16H32O21957-10-310.18±6.6513.34±8.024.39±0.9014.18±9.09
617.0532苯乙烯C8H8100-42-5NdNd0.96±0.301.06±0.30
6211.6269环己烯C10H161461-27-4NdNd4.82±1.24Nd
6311.6322右旋萜二烯C10H165989-27-52.21±1.183.67±1.50Nd8.75±3.02
6412.5632萜品烯C10H1699-85-41.61±0.192.98±0.21Nd2.02±0.66
6522.7674三甲基亚甲基双环十一碳烯C15H24118-65-01.17±0.19NdNdNd
6632.3020(E)-3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯C20H4014237-73-12.22±0.435.96±3.0517.88±8.736.98±3.45
6710.3916甲基庚烯酮C8H14O110-93-0Nd0.82±0.211.11±0.190.82±0.28
6812.7955苯乙酮C10H20O98-86-2Nd0.39±0.09NdNd
6916.55892-癸酮C10H20O693-54-9Nd0.70±0.290.80±0.28Nd
7019.06533-十一酮C11H22O2216-87-71.05±0.16NdNdNd
7123.5148香叶基丙酮C13H22O689-67-82.34±0.532.78±0.36Nd3.52±0.87
726.6246乙基苯C8H10100-41-4Nd0.38±0.070.61±0.160.38±0.05
737.0640对二甲苯C8H10106-42-3NdNd1.76±1.12Nd
7411.5044邻异丙基甲苯C10H14527-84-412.89±1.3014.83±0.6413.13±1.5314.02±1.67
7516.2564甘菊蓝C10H8275-51-4NdNd2.02±0.67Nd
7617.17652,3-二氢噻吩C4H6S1120-59-8Nd5.72±1.859.70±3.66Nd
7719.3408百里香酚C10H14O89-83-8Nd2.37±0.72Nd3.22±0.55
7819.6542N,N-二丁基甲酰胺C9H19NO761-65-92.23±0.176.07±2.636.69±2.458.11±3.06
7921.9626烟酰胺C6H6N2O98-92-03.81±1.291.83±0.73Nd4.35±0.93
8029.70001,2-环氧十六烷C16H32O7320-37-81.12±0.081.06±0.56NdNd
8132.61711,2-环氧十八烷C18H36O7390-81-06.47±1.03NdNd3.92±2.53
8233.4886十六烷基二甲基叔胺C18H39N112-69-6NdNdNd7.67±4.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320880232031170844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

ROAV of volatile flavor compounds in Lop mutton

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号CAS香气成分VIP值阈值(μg/kg)[48]ROAV香气描述[48−51]
0 d CK0 d US3 d CK3 d US
1629-80-1十六醛3.720.91100100100100花香、蜡香、青草香
2628-97-7十六酸乙酯2.47143.501.934.021.60−
3686-07-7二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸甲酯2.35−−−−−果香
4124-19-6壬醛1.76123.8530.4050.1327.40酸味
52765-11-9十五醛1.55430.350.290.260.14脂肪味、花香或甜味
6638-66-4十八醛1.52117.8119.2118.5812.66脂肪香味
714237-73-13,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯1.51−−−−−奶油坚果气味
8124-06-1十四酸乙酯1.375.52.691.333.091.37青草香、脂肪味
91957-10-3棕榈酸1.34103000.0010.00040.0010.001脂肪味
10123-29-5壬酸乙酯1.298500.010.010.010.01−
111120-59-82,3-二氢噻吩1.27−−−−−−
12112-69-6十六烷基二甲基叔胺1.22−−−−−蜡香、脂肪味
135989-27-5右旋萜二烯1.17100.15−0.510.52柑橘香
14110-38-3癸酸乙酯1.16510.190.200.280.20脂肪味、果香
1575853-51-913-甲基-十四醛1.16−−−−−−
167390-81-01,2-环氧十八烷1.15−−−−−烃味
172463-77-62-十一烯醛1.120.786.55Nd5.54Nd青草香、腊香、脂肪香
18124-25-4十四醛1.110.5513.4611.5810.924.39青草味
191000376-70-0十七醛1.08−−−−−特殊的芳香气味
20106-32-1辛酸乙酯1.0612.870.830.611.130.62果香味
2130689-78-214-甲基-8-十六烯-1-醇1.03−−−−−−
22334-48-5癸酸1.021200.020.030.050.04烃味
), ArticleFig(id=1320880232115056925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880221767708858, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

罗布羊挥发性风味物质的ROAV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号CAS香气成分VIP值阈值(μg/kg)[48]ROAV香气描述[48−51]
0 d CK0 d US3 d CK3 d US
1629-80-1十六醛3.720.91100100100100花香、蜡香、青草香
2628-97-7十六酸乙酯2.47143.501.934.021.60−
3686-07-7二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸甲酯2.35−−−−−果香
4124-19-6壬醛1.76123.8530.4050.1327.40酸味
52765-11-9十五醛1.55430.350.290.260.14脂肪味、花香或甜味
6638-66-4十八醛1.52117.8119.2118.5812.66脂肪香味
714237-73-13,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯1.51−−−−−奶油坚果气味
8124-06-1十四酸乙酯1.375.52.691.333.091.37青草香、脂肪味
91957-10-3棕榈酸1.34103000.0010.00040.0010.001脂肪味
10123-29-5壬酸乙酯1.298500.010.010.010.01−
111120-59-82,3-二氢噻吩1.27−−−−−−
12112-69-6十六烷基二甲基叔胺1.22−−−−−蜡香、脂肪味
135989-27-5右旋萜二烯1.17100.15−0.510.52柑橘香
14110-38-3癸酸乙酯1.16510.190.200.280.20脂肪味、果香
1575853-51-913-甲基-十四醛1.16−−−−−−
167390-81-01,2-环氧十八烷1.15−−−−−烃味
172463-77-62-十一烯醛1.120.786.55Nd5.54Nd青草香、腊香、脂肪香
18124-25-4十四醛1.110.5513.4611.5810.924.39青草味
191000376-70-0十七醛1.08−−−−−特殊的芳香气味
20106-32-1辛酸乙酯1.0612.870.830.611.130.62果香味
2130689-78-214-甲基-8-十六烯-1-醇1.03−−−−−−
22334-48-5癸酸1.021200.020.030.050.04烃味
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超声处理对罗布羊背最长肌成熟品质的影响
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刘阳 1 , 马艳妮 1 , 杰米拉·买买提江 1 , 马倩 1 , 李娜 1 , 朱勒都孜·哈布都里赛买提 2 , 巴吐尔·阿不力克木 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(15): 181-193
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (15) : 181 -193
超声处理对罗布羊背最长肌成熟品质的影响
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刘阳1 , 马艳妮1, 杰米拉·买买提江1, 马倩1, 李娜1, 朱勒都孜·哈布都里赛买提2, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木1, *
作者信息
  • 1新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2塔城地区农产品质量安全检验检测中心,新疆塔城 834700
通讯作者:
巴吐尔·阿不力克木(1968−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工原理与技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘阳(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:肉品加工,E-mail:

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Ripening Quality of Lop Sheep Longissimus Dorsi
Yang LIU1 , Yanni MA1, Maimaitijiang JIEMILA1, Qian MA1, Na LI1, Habudulisaimaiti ZHULEDUZI2, Abulikemu BATUER1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
  • 2Tacheng Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center, Tacheng 834700, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090034
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为探究超声处理对宰后羊肉成熟过程中品质的影响,本研究以罗布羊背最长肌为研究对象,在超声功率250 W,频率22 kHz,时间30 min,温度4 ℃的条件下处理,探究分别在4 ℃条件成熟0、1、2、3、4、5 d的品质特性变化,分析挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Base Nitrogen,TVB-N)值、菌落总数、pH、色泽、保水性、质构特性、肌原纤维蛋白降解、微观结构以及挥发性风味等指标的变化规律。结果表明:随着成熟时间的延长,TVB-N值和菌落总数呈上升趋势;pH在成熟1 d后上升;剪切力、硬度在成熟1 d后显著降低(P<0.05);L*值在成熟第3 d时达到最大值;蒸煮损失在成熟3 d后显著降低(P<0.05)。超声处理后pH上升速率加快,蒸煮损失较低,TVB-N值和剪切力在成熟第3 d后显著低于冷藏组(P<0.05)。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)结果显示,在成熟期间,大分子蛋白逐渐降解,小分子蛋白含量升高,嫩度改善;透射电子显微镜和苏木精-伊红染色法(Hematoxylin-eosin staining)结果表明,羊肉在成熟期间肌节逐渐增长,肌纤维直径和面积减小;经超声处理后,肌节长度显著增长(P<0.05),肌纤维密度增大,肌肉组织逐渐松弛。在成熟0 d和3 d时共定性出82种挥发性风味物质,其中十六醛、十六酸乙酯、壬醛、十八醛、十四酸乙酯、2-十一烯醛和十四醛为羊肉中关键香气成分,且超声处理后在成熟3 d时醛类物质含量明显提升,可改善羊肉风味。综上所述,超声处理可以有效改善羊肉嫩度,提升羊肉品质,且在第3 d时,羊肉达到最佳成熟期,品质最佳。

罗布羊  /  背最长肌  /  超声处理  /  宰后成熟  /  成熟品质

This study investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the quality characteristics of postmortem mutton from the longissimus dorsi muscle of Lop sheep during ripening. Ultrasonic treatment was applied at 250 W and 22 kHz for 30 min at 4 ℃. The meat was then aged at 4 ℃ for up to 5 days, and quality parameters were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Analyses included total volatile base Nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable count, pH, color, water-holding capacity, texture profile, myofibrillar protein degradation, microstructure, and volatile flavor compounds. The results indicated that TVB-N values and total viable counts increased with prolonged aging time. pH increased after 1 day of aging, while shear force and hardness significantly decreased (P<0.05). The L* value reached its maximum on day 3. Cooking loss was significantly reduced after 3 days of aging (P<0.05). Ultrasonic treatment accelerated the pH increase, reduced cooking loss, and resulted in substantially lower TVB-N and shear force values compared to the untreated control after 3 days (P<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed gradual degradation of high-molecular-weight proteins and an increase in low-molecular-weight protein content, which contributed to improved tenderness. Transmission electron microscopy and Hematoxylin–Eosin staining showed that sarcomere length increased during aging, while muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area decreased. Ultrasonication significantly increased sarcomere length (P<0.05), increased muscle fiber density, and promoted structural loosening of the muscle tissue. A total of 82 volatile flavor compounds were identified at 0 and 3 days of aging. Key aroma compounds included hexadecanal, ethyl palmitate, nonanal, octadecanal, ethyl tetradecanoate, 2-undecenal, and tetradecanal. The aldehyde content increased significantly by day 3 in the ultrasonicated group, suggesting enhanced flavor development. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment improved the tenderness and overall quality of mutton, with optimal quality observed on the third day of aging.

Lop sheep  /  longissimus dorsi muscle  /  ultrasonication  /  postmortem aging  /  mature of quality
刘阳, 马艳妮, 杰米拉·买买提江, 马倩, 李娜, 朱勒都孜·哈布都里赛买提, 巴吐尔·阿不力克木. 超声处理对罗布羊背最长肌成熟品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 181 -193 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090034
Yang LIU, Yanni MA, Maimaitijiang JIEMILA, Qian MA, Na LI, Habudulisaimaiti ZHULEDUZI, Abulikemu BATUER. Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Ripening Quality of Lop Sheep Longissimus Dorsi[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 181 -193 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090034
罗布羊是南疆地区代表性肉脂兼用型绵羊品种,具有抗逆性强、遗传性能稳定、屠宰性能好的优势[1],其肉质嫩软,营养价值高,深受群众青睐[2]。目前,加工产品以屠宰后的生鲜羊肉为主,加工利用率较低,排酸效果较差,未形成完整的全产业链[3],难以满足市场对高品质羊肉的需求。
研究表明,羊肉在宰后2 h便开始进入僵直期,宰后24 h时达到最大僵直期,嫩度变差[4]。而肌肉经过低温排酸,可使肉充分解僵,提升嫩度,改善其食用品质[5]。目前常用的排酸方法有4 ℃吊挂法、钙盐注射法等,但在实际生产中存在生产周期长、肉品风味不佳等问题,难以保证羊肉获得最佳成熟品质。
超声波处理作为一种新型食品物理加工技术,广泛应用于肉制品加工行业[6]。已有报道指出,超声波引起的空化能可对肌肉肌纤维结构造成物理破坏,以此来改善肉品品质[7]。韦田等[8]研究超声处理对猪肉腌制品质特性的影响,发现超声处理可有效提高猪肉的系水力和色泽。WANG等[9]研究发现,超声联合微酸性电解水解冻技术可有效改善羊肉肌原纤维蛋白的流变性和凝胶持水性。杜鹏飞等[10]研究超声波解冻对羊肉品质的影响,结果表明超声波解冻显著提高了羊肉的新鲜度,并对羊肉营养成分无显著影响。但是关于超声处理对宰后羊肉成熟期间的成熟品质的影响鲜有报道。
本研究采用超声波技术对罗布羊背最长肌进行超声处理,测定羊肉成熟期间的TVB-N值、菌落总数等安全性指标,pH、色泽、保水性、质构特性等食用品质指标,肌原纤维蛋白分布、肌纤维微观结构等组织学指标以及挥发性风味,分析超声处理对羊肉成熟期间成熟品质的影响,为羊肉品质的提升提供理论参考。
肉样采自新疆尉犁县,随机选取2只6月龄健康无病的舍饲罗布羊。按传统方式屠宰后选取背最长肌,每份约1 kg,装入自封袋中,在2 h内以4 ℃冷藏条件下运回实验室冷藏。
氯化钠、甲醇、二甲苯、戊二醛、无水乙醇 天津市鑫铂特化工有限公司;磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠 西陇化工股份有限公司;氯化镁、冰乙酸 天津市光复科技发展有限公司;EGTA、醋酸双氧铀、柠檬酸铅、锇酸、苏木精-伊红 均为分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;甲醇、邻二氯苯 均为色谱级,天津市鑫铂特化工有限公司;考马斯亮蓝 白鲨生物科技有限公司;4%多聚甲醛组织固定液 广州赛国生物科技有限公司;SDS-PAGE凝胶制备试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
KQ-250DE型数控超声清洗器 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;SW-CJ-1FD型净化工作台 上海博迅医疗仪器股份有限公司;DHP-9162型电热恒温培养箱 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;C-LM 3B型数显式肌肉嫩度仪 东北农业大学工程学院;CR-10型色差仪 广东三恩时科技有限公司;PHS-2F型pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;TA-XT2i型质构仪 英国Stable Micro System公司;DYCZ-24DN 型电泳仪 北京市六一仪器厂;Champ Gel 7800型全自动凝胶成像仪 北京赛智创业科技有限公司;HC-3016R高速冷冻离心机 上海生物科技有限公司;BMJ-1型生物组织包埋机 天津天利航空机电有限公司;KF-PRX-040型扫片机 麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司;Hitachi HT-7800透射电子显微镜 日本日立有限公司;7890-5975C型气相色谱-质谱联用仪 安捷伦科技有限公司。
实验第一组将肉样置于4 ℃条件下低温冷藏,记为对照组(CK组),第二组将肉样置于真空塑封袋中,以超声功率为250 W,频率22 kHz,时间30 min,温度4 ℃的条件处理,将样品置于4 ℃条件下成熟,记为超声处理组(US组)。各组样品成熟时间均为0、1、2、3、4、5 d,分别按时间点取样进行检测分析。
依据GB 5009.228-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》的半微量定氮法进行测定。重复三次,取均值。
参考GB 4789.2-2022食品安全国家标准《食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》。结果用lg CFU/g表示。
参考GB 5009.237-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品pH值的测定》。重复五次,取均值。
将肉样切分为4 cm×4 cm×1 cm的肉块,按照国际照明委员会的CIE1976 L*、a*和b*测定标准,用色差仪测定,采用国际Hunter值,以L*(亮度)、a*(红色)和b*(黄色)值表示。每个样品选五个区域测定,取均值。
将肉样切成2 cm×2 cm×2 cm大小。使用P/0.5 S型探头,测前速度为2 mm/s,测中速度为2 mm/s,测后速度为2 mm/s,测定间隔时间为5 s,压缩比为50%,触发力为5 g,测定其硬度、弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和恢复力等5项参数。每项重复测定五次,取均值。
取蒸煮后的肉块,沿肌纤维方向切成3 cm×1 cm×1 cm的肉条。使用嫩度仪垂直于肌纤维剪切测定其剪切力值,刀头型号为XL 1155,刀头下降速度为1 mm/s,每个样品重复测定五次,取均值。
参考姚黄兵[11]的方法并稍作修改。取10 g肉样,修整成长方体状,称重后装进蒸煮袋,在80 ℃的水浴锅中加热15 min,取出后冷却至室温,用滤纸吸干表面水分,称重,计算蒸煮损失。重复三次,取均值。
$\rm \mathrm{蒸煮损失}(\text{%})=\frac{{m_1-m_2}}{{m_1}}\times 100 $
式中:m1为蒸煮前样品重量,g;m2为蒸煮后样品重量,g。
参考马萌等[12]的方法并稍作修改,取2.5 g肉样切碎,加入8倍体积的蛋白提取液(0.1 mol/L NaCl、10 mmol/L 磷酸缓冲液、2 mmol/L MgCl2、1 mmol/L EGTA),以7500 r/min高速匀浆30 s,在4 ℃、6000 r/min条件下离心10 min,弃去上清液,重复3次。相同离心匀浆参数条件下向提取物中加入8倍体积0.1 mol/L NaCl洗涤液洗涤沉淀3次,得到的白色沉淀物即为MP。
参考LEI等[13]的方法稍作修改,向提取的MP中加入2×蛋白上样缓冲液,100 ℃煮沸加热5 min,使蛋白变性,随后进行电泳。电泳条件:浓缩胶浓度5%,电压90 V,40 min;分离胶浓度12%,电压120 V,120 min;染色、脱色24 h。
取样品(5 mm×5 mm×2 mm)组织若干块,立即使用4%多聚甲醛溶液在4 ℃条件下固定24 h,用一系列乙醇溶液(70%、80%、90%、95%、100%)脱水,每次60 min,随后用石蜡包埋后快速移入切片机,切片厚度为7 μm,垂直于肌纤维的方向进行切割,获得石蜡切片。采用苏木精-伊红染色液染色,中性树脂封片干燥,在偏光显微镜下(200×)观察、拍照。
取样品1 mm×1 mm×1 mm组织若干块,立即使用2.5%戊二醛溶液在4 ℃条件下固定24 h,随后用磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L,pH7.4)洗涤3次,每次15 min,再用1%锇酸溶液固定2 h后,用磷酸盐缓冲液漂洗3次,每次15 min。用一系列乙醇溶液(30%、50%、70%、90%和100%)脱水,每次20 min,随后将样品插入包埋板,在70 ℃烘箱烘烤12~48 h,取出树脂块,用超薄切片机将包埋样本的树脂块切成70~90 nm的超薄切片,再用铜网捞片,最后使用醋酸双氧铀和柠檬酸铅染色5~15 min,干燥处理后在透射电子显微镜下采用4000倍的放大倍率观察并拍照。
将样品切碎,取5 g样品置于20 mL SPME顶空瓶中,加入50 μL浓度为0.65 μg/mL内标物质邻二氯苯,随后用铝盖封口;在顶空进样器中将样品以80 ℃平衡20 min,然后将萃取头插入SPME顶空瓶并在80 ℃下萃取40 min,吸附挥发性风味物质,随后立即转移至GC进样口在250 ℃条件下解吸10 min。
毛细管色谱柱选用DB-5ms (30 m×250 μm×0.25 μm);柱箱采取程序升温模式,起始温度为40 ℃,保持2 min,随后以5 ℃/min的速度上升至250 ℃,保持5 min;进样模式为不分流,以He为载气,恒定流速为1 mL/min;进样口温度设置为250 ℃;溶剂延迟为5 min。
离子源、四极杆和色谱质谱接口温度分别为230、150和250 ℃;采集模式为全扫描,质量扫描范围为30~500 aum。
利用未知物分析软件进行定性分析,定性标准如下:将挥发性风味物质的质谱图通过与国家标准与技术研究所(NIST14.L)谱图数据库中碎片离子谱图以及标准品的保留时间进行匹配,选择匹配度大于80%的挥发性风味物质。采取内标法对挥发性风味物质进行定量分析,计算公式为:
$ {\text{C}}_{\text{i}}=\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{is}}\times {\text{A}}_{\text{i}}\times \text{V}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{is}}\times \text{m}} $
式中:Ci为各挥发性风味物质的含量(μg/kg);Cis为内标的质量浓度(μg/mL);Ai为各挥发性风味物质的色谱峰面积;Ais为内标的色谱峰面积;m为待测样品质量(g);V为内标物体积(μL)。
挥发性风味物质ROAV计算参考刘登勇等[14]的方法。将ROAV≥1.0的挥发性风味成分作为关键风味化合物,将0.1≤ROAV<1.0的挥发性风味成分作为对总体香气具有重要修饰作用的风味化合物。
$ \text{ROAV≈}\frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{i}}}{{\text{C}}_{\max }}\times \frac{{\text{T}}_{\max }}{{\text{T}}_{\text{i}}}\times 100 $
式中:Ci为挥发性组分的相对含量(%);Cmax为对香气贡献最大挥发性组分的相对含量(%);Ti为挥发性组分的风味阈值(μg/kg);Tmax为对香气贡献最大挥发性组分的风味阈值(μg/kg)。
每组实验的结果均采用平均值±标准差表示。使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据结果进行统计分析,Duncan法对均值进行显著性检验,P<0.05为差异显著。使用Origin 2021软件绘制图表。使用image J软件对肌节长度、肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积和肌纤维密度进行测量。利用未知物分析软件中的NIST 14数据库对挥发性成分进行定性分析,使用SIMCA 14.1软件绘制OPLS-DA图和VIP分析图,使用迈维云网站绘制聚类热图。
TVB-N值是评价肉品品质的关键指标之一。肉类标准规定TVB-N值超过15 mg·100 g−1时肉品失去其食用价值[15]。由图1可看出,随着成熟时间的延长,羊肉的TVB-N值总体呈上升趋势,LIANG等[16]对不同贮藏温度下羊肉新鲜度检测时发现,在贮藏期间TVB-N值均呈增加趋势,与本研究结果相似。成熟3 d后,US组的TVB-N值显著低于CK组(P<0.05),可能由于肌肉在超声过程中相关蛋白或微生物的生化反应速率下降,导致蛋白降解量下降,使羊肉中TVB-N值减少[17];成熟第5 d时,CK组和US组的TVB-N值均达到最大值,分别为14.29和12.13 mg·100 g−1,但均未超过肉类标准规定的限量标准,可进行后续相关指标测定。
菌落总数是反映肉品卫生状况的重要指标。GB 16869-2005《鲜、冻禽产品》中规定,鲜肉中菌落总数不得超过6 lg CFU/g。由图2所示,随着成熟时间的延长,羊肉的菌落总数呈显著上升的趋势(P<0.05),在成熟第5 d时达到最大值,CK组为5.64 lg CFU/g,US组为5.18 lg CFU/g,均符合国家标准。与CK组相比,US组菌落总数值在成熟0~5 d内均低于CK组,其中成熟第1、3、4和5 d时显著低于CK组(P<0.05),表明超声处理可抑制羊肉中微生物生长,此结果与朱彬等[18]的研究结论一致,他们指出超声波产生强大的空化作用可以有效破坏微生物的细胞结构,可减少羊肉中微生物数量。
pH的变化趋势可以反映宰后初期肉品质的变化情况[19]。如图3所示,羊肉的pH总体呈先降低再升高的变化趋势。成熟第1 d时pH达到最小值,CK组为5.51,US组为5.53,显著低于第0 d(P<0.05),随后上升,可能是由于肌肉中糖原发生无氧酵解,导致丙酮酸和乳酸含量增加,pH降低;随着成熟时间的增加,羊肉发生自溶现象,肌肉中的蛋白质等物质逐渐被分解成胺类物质,且分解代谢反应也会消耗一些酸类物质[15],因此羊肉pH逐渐回升。成熟3~4 d,US组的pH显著高于CK组(P<0.05),与李心悦等[20]的研究结果一致,可能是超声产生的空化效应导致脱氨基酶和蛋白水解酶的释放,蛋白质空间构造发生改变致使离子基团位置改变,导致pH升高[21];成熟1~5 d,CK组和US组的pH上升速率分别为3.45%和3.62%,说明超声处理可加速羊肉排酸,与张莉[22]对哈萨克羊肉的研究结果相似。
色泽是评价羊肉品质的重要指标之一,可直观地反映肉品的新鲜度。由表1可知,随着成熟时间的延长,羊肉的L*值呈先上升再下降的变化趋势,成熟第3 d达到最大值,显著高于第0 d(P<0.05),可能是pH降低至蛋白质等电点,减弱对水分的牵引力,使肌肉内部的游离水扩散到肉品表面造成反光,导致L*值升高[23],成熟3 d后,在羊肉中微生物数量逐渐增加以及肌内脂肪氧化等因素的共同作用下,L*值开始下降[24];US组的L*值在成熟第2~4 d时显著高于CK组(P<0.05),研究表明,超声产生的空化效应导致肌纤维结构遭到破坏,使肌红蛋白被释放,肌红蛋白的含量下降,导致L*值增高[25]。在成熟期内a*值持续下降,b*值持续上升,这是因为肌肉中肌红蛋白与空气中的氧气接触,产生氧合肌红蛋白,随着氧化程度加深,氧合肌红蛋白逐渐转化为高铁肌红蛋白,使肉色变暗[26];超声处理对羊肉的a*和b*值影响较小,这与朱晓玲等[27]关于顺序超声模式下对肌肉组织a*和b*值的研究结果相似,可能是与超声功率和时间有关。
质构特性可以反映出肌肉的组织状态,是衡量肉品质的重要指标。由表2所示,随着成熟时间的延长,羊肉的剪切力、硬度和咀嚼性均呈先上升后下降的显著变化趋势(P<0.05),而内聚性、弹性和恢复力呈下降趋势,造成这一现象的原因可能是成熟前期肌肉pH急剧下降,导致肌肉进入僵直期,表现为剪切力上升,随着成熟时间的延长,肌肉肌原纤维结构分解或内肽酶促进的蛋白水解作用等都会使剪切力下降,与张佳莹[28]和MANHEEM等[29]的研究结果一致,他们指出随着储藏时间的增加,肌肉剪切力先上升再下降。成熟1 d后,US组的剪切力显著低于CK组,这表明超声处理可显著提升羊肉嫩度,改善其质构特性。研究表明,超声波产生的反复压缩与拉伸的机械作用破坏了肌细胞中的溶酶体膜,使组织蛋白酶释放量增加,促进了细胞内外蛋白质的水解,提升了肉品嫩度[30],这也是超声处理降低羊肉硬度和咀嚼性的主要原因。但是,超声处理对羊肉的弹性和恢复力没有显著影响(P>0.05)。
蒸煮损失能反映肉品的保水性,蒸煮损失越低,羊肉的保水性越好。如图4所示,随着成熟时间的延长,羊肉的蒸煮损失总体呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。成熟1 d时,CK组和US组的蒸煮损失达到最大值,分别为36.14%和34.30%,随后显著下降(P<0.05),可能是宰后肌肉的pH降低,导致肌肉内蛋白质电荷数量锐减,蛋白质分子间的作用力减弱,其空间也被压缩,以至于蛋白质分子间的水分被挤出,肌肉的蒸煮损失升高,保水性变差[31],随着成熟时间的延长,肌肉pH逐渐回升,偏离蛋白质等电点,导致蛋白质对水的吸附能力增强,使保水性回升[32]。成熟第0、1、2、4 d,US组的蒸煮损失显著低于CK组(P<0.05),可能是由于超声波促进肌原纤维蛋白网的构建,使水分子牢牢锁定在肌纤维之间的空隙中[33],导致蒸煮损失变少;综上所述,超声处理能有效提升羊肉的保水性,这与徐静等[34]的研究结果一致。
为揭示超声处理对羊肉MP的影响,对羊肉进行SDS-PAGE分析。如图5所示,所有样品均出现了典型的肌球蛋白重链(MHC)、肌动蛋白(Actin)和肌球蛋白轻链(MLC)的MP蛋白谱。随着成熟时间的延长,CK组低于48 kDa的条带颜色逐渐加深变宽且出现模糊拖尾现象,这些现象表明肌肉中的内源蛋白酶使大分子量的蛋白水解生成了小分子量的蛋白条带,小分子量蛋白出现聚集现象[35]。小分子蛋白含量越高,肌肉越嫩[36],这与2.5中剪切力、硬度的试验结果相对应。与CK组相比,随着成熟时间的延长,US组的Actin和MLC蛋白条带变浅,这可能是超声处理过程中持续的机械冲击和空化通过水裂解反应产生高活性自由基,导致蛋白质发生氧化降解[37];但也有研究指出超声处理会导致肌肉中Actin和MLC被微生物氧化降解[38],导致蛋白条带强度减弱。
图6为肌肉纵切图,同时对肌节长度进行测量,结果如表3所示。肌原纤维的基本组成单位是肌节,由明带(I带)和暗带(A带)构成,Z线和M线分别位于I带和A带的中央,由细胞骨架蛋白构成,易发生蛋白结构变性[39]。成熟第0 d时,CK组和US组的Z线和M线均清晰完整,成熟第1 d时,CK组Z线保持完整,而US组Z线开始断裂,成熟第5 d时,可观察到US组的肌节大面积弯曲变形,M线模糊变弱,Z线都发生了不同程度的断裂以及塌陷;成熟第1 d,肌节长度均达到最小值,有研究表明,肌节长度与嫩度呈正相关,随着成熟时间的延长,肌节呈显著增长趋势[40],与本研究的质构特性结果相对应;与CK组相比,成熟第1 d后,US组的肌节显著增长(P<0.05),肌肉较为松弛,表明超声可以使羊肉变嫩。有研究指出,肉品在经过超声处理后,产生空化能引起肌纤维周围的结缔组织发生弱化现象,使肌肉变嫩[41]。
图7为肌肉横切图,同时对肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积和肌纤维密度进行测量,结果如表3所示。在成熟第0 d时,肌肉的肌纤维直径和面积均为最大值,单位面积内肌纤维数量最小,表示此时肌肉组织较为紧密;成熟第5 d时,肌肉的肌纤维直径和面积均显著低于第0 d(P<0.05),且肌纤维密度最大,表示此时肌肉组织结构较为松散。张立新等[42]指出,肌肉的剪切力与肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度相关,肌纤维直径越小,肌纤维密度越大,则剪切力越小,表现为肌肉越嫩;与CK组相比,在成熟第2 d后,US组的肌纤维密度显著高于CK组(P<0.05),在成熟0~5 d内,肌纤维直径和面积均小于CK组,但无明显差异,表明肌肉在超声波的空化作用下,破坏了肌纤维的完整性,使肌纤维形态发生改变。LIU等[43]研究发现,鱼肉经过超声波处理后,肌纤维结构被破坏,纤维之间的空间增大,与本研究结果一致。
由上文可知,羊肉色泽、保水性、嫩度均在成熟3 d后得以提升,综合TVB-N值和菌落总数的结果,选择成熟第3 d的羊肉进行挥发性风味物质测定,同时以成熟第0 d作为对照。由表4可知,在罗布羊中共检测出82种挥发性风味物质,包括醛类19种、酯类17种、烷烃类10种、酸类6种、烯烃类6种、醇类8种、酮类5种以及11种其他类物质。这些挥发性物质多数与蛋白质和脂质的氧化降解以及相关代谢反应产物的相互作用有关。由图8A所示,羊肉中醛类和酯类物质的占比之和均达到80%左右,表明醛类和酯类是羊肉中的主要挥发性风味物质;与CK组相比,US组中醛类物质含量在成熟第3 d时明显增多,可能是超声产生的空化能导致脂质氧化或氨基酸降解[44],使其含量提升。由图8B所示,与成熟0 d相比,成熟3 d后其挥发性化合物数量增多,且羊肉经超声处理后,挥发性物质数量均高于CK组,这与XI等[45]和FANG等[44]的研究结果相似。
羊肉中挥发性风味物质的构成较为复杂,仅从单一的成分分析中难以确定出羊肉的差异风味物质。因此,对挥发性风味物质的含量进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA),可以对不同组别的样品进行有效区分,R2x、R2y分别为X、Y矩阵的解释率,Q2为模型的预测性能。如图9A所示,R2x为0.974,R2y为0.979,Q2为0.859,此模型中的R2和Q2均超过0.5,表明该模型有较好的拟合程度。其次各组间样本点间距较远,表明处理组之间风味差异较大。如图9B所示,经过置换检验(n=200),Q2的回归线与纵轴的相交点为负值,表示该统计模型验证有效。
为进一步探寻罗布羊肉关键香气成分,对罗布羊肉进行变量投影重要性因子(VIP)分析。VIP分析可量化每个变量对羊肉宰后成熟期风味的贡献,其值越大,说明羊肉风味差异越显著,贡献越大[46]。将VIP>1作为筛选标准,如图9C所示,符合标准的物质代表的柱子标为红色,共筛选出22种VIP>1挥发性风味物质,其中醛类8种,酯类6种,酸类2种,烯烃类2种,醇类1种,其他类3种。为了系统对比各组关键差异风味化合物,对筛选出的挥发性风味物质进行聚类热图分析,以颜色梯度表征香气成分含量的高低。如图9D所示,在CK组中,罗布羊肉中仅有棕榈酸、壬醛和2,3-二氢噻吩等少数风味化合物在成熟3 d时含量显著增加;在US组中,十六醛、十七醛、棕榈酸、癸酸乙酯、十六烷基二甲基叔胺、癸酸、右旋萜二烯和壬醛的含量均在成熟3 d时达到最大值,表明羊肉经超声处理后,在成熟3 d时其挥发性风味物质的含量明显增加,组成更为丰富。
感觉阈值决定了肉中香味的受感知程度,ROAV表示该化合物对整体风味的贡献。宰后成熟过程中十六醛的峰面积最高,且阈值较低,设置十六醛的ROAV为100。一般0.1≤ROAV<1时,认为该香气组分对羊肉总体风味具有重要修饰作用,ROAV≥1时认为该香气组分是羊肉中关键香气成分[46]。本研究结果如表5所示,共有14种香气成分可计算ROAV,其中,十六醛、十六酸乙酯、壬醛、十八醛、十四酸乙酯、2-十一烯醛、十四醛7种香气成分ROAV大于1,表明这7种香气成分是罗布羊肉中的关键香气成分。醛类物质阈值较低,一般具有果香味和青草味[47],且能掩盖膻味[23],对羊肉整体香气起到积极作用。进一步结合阈值和聚类热图分析,结果表明,羊肉在超声处理后,具有特殊蜡香味和青草香味的十六醛和十七醛含量在成熟3 d时达到最大值,对羊肉整体香气起到良好的改善效果;此外,棕榈酸、癸酸乙酯虽然阈值较高,但在成熟3 d时其含量显著增加,也可赋予羊肉一定的脂肪香味。综上所述,醛类物质对羊肉整体风味贡献度最大,且羊肉经过超声处理后,在成熟第3 d时风味最佳。
通过超声处理对罗布羊背最长肌成熟品质的研究发现,随着成熟时间的延长,羊肉TVB-N值在0~5 d成熟期内符合国家鲜肉标准;pH在成熟第1 d后逐渐回升;L*值在成熟第3 d时达到最大值;剪切力、硬度值在成熟1 d后逐渐下降;肌原纤维蛋白降解,嫩度得以改善;蒸煮损失率在成熟3 d后持续降低,保水性增强;肌纤维直径和肌纤维面积变小,肌纤维密度增加,肌肉组织逐渐松弛。对羊肉进行挥发性风味物质测定发现,罗布羊肉中的关键香气成分为十六醛、十六酸乙酯、壬醛、十八醛、十四酸乙酯、2-十一烯醛和十四醛。超声处理后,羊肉排酸效率增加,其L*值、嫩度和保水性显著提高,肌肉的肌节长度、肌纤维密度也随之增大,成熟3 d时挥发性风味物质中醛类物质明显增多。因此,羊肉在成熟3 d后,色泽、保水性、嫩度以及风味明显提升,结合TVB-N值和菌落总数,羊肉在成熟第3 d时,其品质和安全性均达到最佳状态。综上所述,超声处理可以有效改善羊肉嫩度,提升羊肉品质,在成熟第3 d时达到最佳成熟期,品质最好。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025090034
  • 接收时间:2025-09-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05
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    1新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    2塔城地区农产品质量安全检验检测中心,新疆塔城 834700

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巴吐尔·阿不力克木(1968−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:畜产品加工原理与技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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