Article(id=1320881281160827631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080233, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755792000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852238215, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852238215, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852238215, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852238215, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=141, endPage=147, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881281357959920, articleId=1320881281160827631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Tiger Nut Protein on the Gelatinization and Gelling Properties of Wheat Starch, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the effects of tiger nut protein on the properties and gel quality of wheat starch. Mixtures of wheat starch with different mass fractions of tiger nut protein (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%) were prepared and analyzed using a rapid visco-analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, rheometer, texture analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the solubility and swelling power of wheat starch were increased with higher tiger nut protein content. With the addition of 11% protein, the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown value, final viscosity, setback value, and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) were reduced by 46.72%, 43.68%, 56.86%, 37.17%, 25.19%, and 17.57%, respectively, while the completion temperature (Tc) was increased by 2.03%. The strength of the composite gels was reduced by tiger nut protein, as evidenced by decreases in the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), gumminess, and chewiness. Regarding freeze-thaw stability, it was found that stability decreased when the protein addition level exceeded 5%. FT-IR indicated that the extent of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in starch was reduced by tiger nut protein. The SEM results showed that at lower protein concentrations (<3%), the composite exhibited a relatively uniform, layered structure. However, excessive protein addition (>3%) resulted in the formation of larger pores with thinner pore walls, reflecting structural discontinuity and reduced gel homogeneity. Overall, starch properties and gel quality are effectively modified by tiger nut protein, thereby establishing a scientific foundation for its application in gel-type food systems.

, authors=Jingwen QIN1, Zhiqi LI1, Qinghua YUE1, *, Jiezhen DUAN1, Tianmeng XIE1, Enyu WANG1, Renyong ZHAO1, 2, authorsList=Jingwen QIN, Zhiqi LI, Qinghua YUE, Jiezhen DUAN, Tianmeng XIE, Enyu WANG, Renyong ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qinghua YUE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881284222669565, articleId=1320881281160827631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉糊化与凝胶特性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉性质与凝胶品质的影响。通过将不同质量分数(0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%、11%)的油莎豆蛋白与小麦淀粉混合,采用快速粘度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、流变仪、质构仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电镜(SEM)等分析方法进行研究。结果表明,随着油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加,小麦淀粉的溶解度和膨胀势均增大。添加11%的油莎豆蛋白使峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、回生值和糊化焓(∆H)分别降低了46.72%、43.68%、56.86%、37.17%、25.19%和17.57%,终止糊化温度(Tc)升高了2.03%。油莎豆蛋白会降低复合凝胶的强度,使储能模量(G')、损耗模量(G")、胶着性、咀嚼度均下降。对于冻融稳定性,当蛋白添加量高于5%时,冻融稳定性下降。FT-IR显示油莎豆蛋白减少了淀粉内部氢键数量。SEM结果表明油莎豆蛋白添加量小于3%时,凝胶呈均匀层状结构,过量添加会使孔隙变大,孔壁变薄。综上所述,油莎豆蛋白可有效调控淀粉性质及凝胶品质,为其在凝胶类食品体系中的应用提供了理论基础。

, authors=秦静雯1, 李志奇1, 岳清华1, *, 段洁珍1, 谢田梦1, 王恩宇1, 赵仁勇1, 2, authorsList=秦静雯, 李志奇, 岳清华, 段洁珍, 谢田梦, 王恩宇, 赵仁勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=岳清华, authorNote=

秦静雯(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物食品与营养,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
岳清华(1988−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:谷物食品与营养,E-mail:。
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Food Science & Technology, 2024, 205: 116514., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881616398955420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881616407344029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, companyId=1320881616398955420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881616415732638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, companyId=1320881616398955420, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881616499618719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881616508007328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, companyId=1320881616499618719, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Zhongyuan Food Laboratory, Luohe 462300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881616512201633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, companyId=1320881616499618719, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881620744254416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of tiger nut protein on the swelling characteristics of wheat starch, figureFileSmall=3787wemnOvuQEcqj/yXi7g==, figureFileBig=qXrIAbBHn+7q6aqtne+XLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881620815557585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=图1, caption=油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉膨胀特性的影响

注:不同小写字母表示不同样品间差异显著(P<0.05);图5同。

, figureFileSmall=3787wemnOvuQEcqj/yXi7g==, figureFileBig=qXrIAbBHn+7q6aqtne+XLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881620920415186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Frequency sweep curves of tiger nut protein on wheat starch, figureFileSmall=EJRx09eao9Rn7YBOCfT4Ew==, figureFileBig=I9scEo9FtVssBKJDFcA91w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881620995912659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=图2, caption=油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉的频率扫描曲线

注:a、b、c分别为油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉的储能模量、损耗模量、损耗因子的频率扫描曲线。

, figureFileSmall=EJRx09eao9Rn7YBOCfT4Ew==, figureFileBig=I9scEo9FtVssBKJDFcA91w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621050438612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of tiger nut protein on freeze-thawing stability of wheat starch, figureFileSmall=pnSJimsEsNDQ/qAfbUwZQg==, figureFileBig=n4z3jdi526hSh+8zQgSdLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621138518997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=图3, caption=油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉冻融稳定性的影响

注:不同大写字母表示同一蛋白添加量不同冻融次数下差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一冻融次数下不同蛋白添加量差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=pnSJimsEsNDQ/qAfbUwZQg==, figureFileBig=n4z3jdi526hSh+8zQgSdLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621214016470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=FT-IR of composite gels of tiger nut protein and wheat starch, figureFileSmall=jIu85bKhBk/v+FuTMqeNcw==, figureFileBig=jq3sDJRCvxTBJ0+aSn0YeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621281125335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=图4, caption=油莎豆蛋白和小麦淀粉复合凝胶的傅里叶红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=jIu85bKhBk/v+FuTMqeNcw==, figureFileBig=jq3sDJRCvxTBJ0+aSn0YeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621360817112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Degree of short-range ordering of wheat starch by tiger nut protein, figureFileSmall=G92NBZeCituy2xeF2SI1Mw==, figureFileBig=2x4GVsTmUedx79/aDaF3IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621432120281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=图5, caption=油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉的短程有序程度, figureFileSmall=G92NBZeCituy2xeF2SI1Mw==, figureFileBig=2x4GVsTmUedx79/aDaF3IQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621516006362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Microstructure of wheat starch gels with added tiger nut protein, figureFileSmall=HdwWNTvoj6FaO5ooJe8phw==, figureFileBig=anfD0/XkBc+Vwxvn5FNlwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621797024731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=图6, caption=添加油莎豆蛋白的小麦淀粉凝胶微观结构图

注:a、b、c、d、e、f、g分别为蛋白添加量(0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%、11%)的淀粉凝胶。

, figureFileSmall=HdwWNTvoj6FaO5ooJe8phw==, figureFileBig=anfD0/XkBc+Vwxvn5FNlwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881621885105116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of tiger nut protein on pasting property of wheat starch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加量(%)峰值黏度(cP)谷值黏度(cP)崩解值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)
02897.33±34.50a2229.67±34.02a667.67±1.53a3449.33±63.50a1218.67±29.67a90.07±0.38a
12897.00±29.00a2229.67±16.26a667.33±13.32a3381.33±4.04ab1152.33±19.22b89.38±1.22ab
32791.67±40.02b2195.67±42.03a596.00±7.94b3301.00±53.11b1105.33±22.03bc88.52±0.42ab
52689.00±32.74c2098.33±50.05b590.67±18.58b3165.67±50.65c1067.33±18.58c87.23±1.41ab
72391.33±54.98d1801.00±64.21c590.33±10.97b2876.00±89.60d1075.00±42.93c86.95±2.34b
91916.67±11.85e1512.00±5.29d404.67±6.81c2477.00±9.54e965.00±12.12d87.48±1.88ab
111543.67±19.50f1255.67±8.33e288.00±19.16d2167.33±54.24f911.67±54.65d89.12±0.92ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320881621994157021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响

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添加量(%)峰值黏度(cP)谷值黏度(cP)崩解值(cP)最终黏度(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)
02897.33±34.50a2229.67±34.02a667.67±1.53a3449.33±63.50a1218.67±29.67a90.07±0.38a
12897.00±29.00a2229.67±16.26a667.33±13.32a3381.33±4.04ab1152.33±19.22b89.38±1.22ab
32791.67±40.02b2195.67±42.03a596.00±7.94b3301.00±53.11b1105.33±22.03bc88.52±0.42ab
52689.00±32.74c2098.33±50.05b590.67±18.58b3165.67±50.65c1067.33±18.58c87.23±1.41ab
72391.33±54.98d1801.00±64.21c590.33±10.97b2876.00±89.60d1075.00±42.93c86.95±2.34b
91916.67±11.85e1512.00±5.29d404.67±6.81c2477.00±9.54e965.00±12.12d87.48±1.88ab
111543.67±19.50f1255.67±8.33e288.00±19.16d2167.33±54.24f911.67±54.65d89.12±0.92ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320881622069654494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of tiger nut protein on thermal properties of wheat starch

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油莎豆蛋白
添加量(%)
起始温度To
(℃)
峰值温度Tp
(℃)
终止温度Tc
(℃)
糊化焓ΔH
(J/g)
060.78±0.04a66.76±0.17c77.47±0.04d10.87±0.10a
160.82±0.16a66.95±0.22bc77.91±0.16cd10.62±0.07b
360.88±0.46a67.02±0.57bc78.29±0.46bc10.26±0.07c
560.88±0.21a67.07±0.21abc78.76±0.21ab10.09±0.08c
760.91±0.20a67.27±0.15ab78.85±0.20ab9.81±0.12d
960.92±0.01a67.52±0.06a79.02±0.01a8.95±0.17e
1160.98±0.59a67.53±0.05a79.04±0.59a8.96±0.17e
), ArticleFig(id=1320881622258398175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉热特性的影响

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油莎豆蛋白
添加量(%)
起始温度To
(℃)
峰值温度Tp
(℃)
终止温度Tc
(℃)
糊化焓ΔH
(J/g)
060.78±0.04a66.76±0.17c77.47±0.04d10.87±0.10a
160.82±0.16a66.95±0.22bc77.91±0.16cd10.62±0.07b
360.88±0.46a67.02±0.57bc78.29±0.46bc10.26±0.07c
560.88±0.21a67.07±0.21abc78.76±0.21ab10.09±0.08c
760.91±0.20a67.27±0.15ab78.85±0.20ab9.81±0.12d
960.92±0.01a67.52±0.06a79.02±0.01a8.95±0.17e
1160.98±0.59a67.53±0.05a79.04±0.59a8.96±0.17e
), ArticleFig(id=1320881623906759648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of tiger nut protein on the texture of wheat starch gels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性内聚性(g·s)胶着性咀嚼性回复性
0317.18±2.52a0.93±0.00a0.61±0.02a194.65±6.18a181.80±5.27a0.36±0.02a
1314.20±3.45a0.93±0.02a0.61±0.03a192.39±9.27ab179.75±7.30a0.36±0.04a
3310.43±3.68a0.92±0.01a0.59±0.02ab182.82±5.05b169.09±7.14b0.32±0.06ab
5256.59±7.31b0.91±0.02ab0.59±0.02ab152.42±9.32c137.91±6.66c0.31±0.01ab
7228.36±1.20c0.89±0.01b0.58±0.01ab132.44±2.97d117.40±3.47d0.27±0.01b
9220.62±2.61d0.89±0.01b0.58±0.01ab127.80±1.36d113.24±2.8d0.28±0.02b
11186.60±1.96e0.89±0.03b0.57±0.01b107.25±3.19e94.86±0.56e0.27±0.01b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881624011617249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881281160827631, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉凝胶质构的影响

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蛋白添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性内聚性(g·s)胶着性咀嚼性回复性
0317.18±2.52a0.93±0.00a0.61±0.02a194.65±6.18a181.80±5.27a0.36±0.02a
1314.20±3.45a0.93±0.02a0.61±0.03a192.39±9.27ab179.75±7.30a0.36±0.04a
3310.43±3.68a0.92±0.01a0.59±0.02ab182.82±5.05b169.09±7.14b0.32±0.06ab
5256.59±7.31b0.91±0.02ab0.59±0.02ab152.42±9.32c137.91±6.66c0.31±0.01ab
7228.36±1.20c0.89±0.01b0.58±0.01ab132.44±2.97d117.40±3.47d0.27±0.01b
9220.62±2.61d0.89±0.01b0.58±0.01ab127.80±1.36d113.24±2.8d0.28±0.02b
11186.60±1.96e0.89±0.03b0.57±0.01b107.25±3.19e94.86±0.56e0.27±0.01b
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油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉糊化与凝胶特性的影响
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秦静雯 1 , 李志奇 1 , 岳清华 1, * , 段洁珍 1 , 谢田梦 1 , 王恩宇 1 , 赵仁勇 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(17): 141-147
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (17) : 141 -147
油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉糊化与凝胶特性的影响
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秦静雯(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物食品与营养,E-mail:

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秦静雯1 , 李志奇1, 岳清华1, * , 段洁珍1, 谢田梦1, 王恩宇1, 赵仁勇1, 2
作者信息
  • 1河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001
  • 2中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300
通讯作者:
岳清华(1988−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:谷物食品与营养,E-mail:。
作者简介:

秦静雯(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:谷物食品与营养,E-mail:

Effect of Tiger Nut Protein on the Gelatinization and Gelling Properties of Wheat Starch
Jingwen QIN1 , Zhiqi LI1, Qinghua YUE1, * , Jiezhen DUAN1, Tianmeng XIE1, Enyu WANG1, Renyong ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 2Zhongyuan Food Laboratory, Luohe 462300, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080233
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本研究旨在探究油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉性质与凝胶品质的影响。通过将不同质量分数(0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%、11%)的油莎豆蛋白与小麦淀粉混合,采用快速粘度分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、流变仪、质构仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)及扫描电镜(SEM)等分析方法进行研究。结果表明,随着油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加,小麦淀粉的溶解度和膨胀势均增大。添加11%的油莎豆蛋白使峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、回生值和糊化焓(∆H)分别降低了46.72%、43.68%、56.86%、37.17%、25.19%和17.57%,终止糊化温度(Tc)升高了2.03%。油莎豆蛋白会降低复合凝胶的强度,使储能模量(G')、损耗模量(G")、胶着性、咀嚼度均下降。对于冻融稳定性,当蛋白添加量高于5%时,冻融稳定性下降。FT-IR显示油莎豆蛋白减少了淀粉内部氢键数量。SEM结果表明油莎豆蛋白添加量小于3%时,凝胶呈均匀层状结构,过量添加会使孔隙变大,孔壁变薄。综上所述,油莎豆蛋白可有效调控淀粉性质及凝胶品质,为其在凝胶类食品体系中的应用提供了理论基础。

油莎豆蛋白  /  小麦淀粉  /  糊化特性  /  凝胶特性  /  流变学特性

This study investigated the effects of tiger nut protein on the properties and gel quality of wheat starch. Mixtures of wheat starch with different mass fractions of tiger nut protein (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%) were prepared and analyzed using a rapid visco-analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, rheometer, texture analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the solubility and swelling power of wheat starch were increased with higher tiger nut protein content. With the addition of 11% protein, the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown value, final viscosity, setback value, and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) were reduced by 46.72%, 43.68%, 56.86%, 37.17%, 25.19%, and 17.57%, respectively, while the completion temperature (Tc) was increased by 2.03%. The strength of the composite gels was reduced by tiger nut protein, as evidenced by decreases in the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), gumminess, and chewiness. Regarding freeze-thaw stability, it was found that stability decreased when the protein addition level exceeded 5%. FT-IR indicated that the extent of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in starch was reduced by tiger nut protein. The SEM results showed that at lower protein concentrations (<3%), the composite exhibited a relatively uniform, layered structure. However, excessive protein addition (>3%) resulted in the formation of larger pores with thinner pore walls, reflecting structural discontinuity and reduced gel homogeneity. Overall, starch properties and gel quality are effectively modified by tiger nut protein, thereby establishing a scientific foundation for its application in gel-type food systems.

tiger nut protein  /  wheat starch  /  gelatinization properties  /  gel properties  /  rheological properties
秦静雯, 李志奇, 岳清华, 段洁珍, 谢田梦, 王恩宇, 赵仁勇. 油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉糊化与凝胶特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 141 -147 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080233
Jingwen QIN, Zhiqi LI, Qinghua YUE, Jiezhen DUAN, Tianmeng XIE, Enyu WANG, Renyong ZHAO. Effect of Tiger Nut Protein on the Gelatinization and Gelling Properties of Wheat Starch[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 141 -147 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080233
小麦淀粉作为食品工业中应用最广泛的成分之一,它属于高分子多糖聚合物,具有复杂的多尺度结构[1−2]。其性质对产品的质构、糊化特性及流变特性具有重要影响。由于天然淀粉存在易回生等缺点,限制其在工业领域的应用[3]。近年来研究发现外源蛋白质的添加对淀粉的性质具有显著影响[4]。蛋白不仅具有丰富的营养价值、生物活性,还有多重功能特性,它主要利用物理屏障和位阻效应等手段来改善淀粉的理化特性[5]。目前,国内外已有不少文献聚焦于蛋白质与淀粉相互作用的研究。不同来源的蛋白结构和功能特性不同,对淀粉的影响也存在较大差异。Yang等[6]指出,豌豆蛋白能够显著提高玉米淀粉的凝胶强度及粘弹性,并且显著减少淀粉的长期回生,其具体影响依赖于蛋白的结构特性。任顺成等[7]研究结果表明加入黑豆蛋白和扁豆蛋白都能抑制小麦淀粉的糊化。黑豆蛋白会抑制淀粉回生,而扁豆蛋白则会促进淀粉回生。张敏等[8]研究表明大米蛋白会抑制淀粉中结晶的溶解,同时复合凝胶质地变得柔软。
油莎豆(别名虎坚果、铁荸荠等)系一年生的莎草科植物,有生命之果等美誉[9]。油莎豆在美国、西班牙、俄罗斯等国家广泛种植。在我国也已经被20多个省、自治区、直辖市种植,近年来,国内年种植面积超20万亩,平均干重亩产可达到500 kg[10]。油莎豆蛋白质(4.66%~15%)主要来源于榨油后产生的副产物,来源广泛[11]。该蛋白含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占比46.03%,其氨基酸评分为78.9、必需氨基酸指数93.8、生物价90.54、营养指数28.03,综合评估表明,其营养符合WHO/FAO理想蛋白模式,是一种潜在的优质蛋白质[12]。另外油莎豆蛋白的必需氨基酸比值系数高于大豆和马铃薯蛋白,与鸡蛋蛋白相接近[12]。油莎豆蛋白还具有多种功能特性,如溶解性、吸水吸油性[13]和乳化性[14]。卢笑雨[15]研究结果表明添加油莎豆白蛋白作为乳化剂能改善面团特性和面包的品质。然而,目前关于油莎豆蛋白的研究多集中于其营养评价、单一功能特性或对面团品质的宏观影响,而对其与大宗淀粉原料(如小麦淀粉)在糊化、凝胶化过程中的作用机制尚缺乏系统研究。
因此本研究将不同比例油莎豆蛋白与小麦淀粉复配,通过探讨油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉特性的影响,阐明油莎豆蛋白对小麦淀粉糊化、老化及凝胶流变特性等的影响,为油莎豆蛋白在改善淀粉类食品品质方面提供一定的理论指导。
小麦淀粉 新乡良润全谷物食品有限公司;油莎豆蛋白(蛋白质含量84.69%) 南坝生物科技有限公司。
Foss Kjeltec 8400全自动凯氏定氮仪 福斯分析仪器公司;RVA4800快速粘度分析仪 瑞典Perten 公司;DSC8000差示扫描量热仪 美国Perkin Elmer公司;HAAKE RS6000流变仪 美国Thermo Fisher Haake公司;TA-XTPlus质构仪 德国Stable Micro Systems公司;ALPHA II傅里叶红外光谱分析仪 德国Bruker公司;QUANTA 250FEG扫描电子显微镜 美国FEI公司。
以小麦淀粉质量100%为基准,油莎豆蛋白的添加比例为小麦淀粉总质量的0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%、11%,混合制成油莎豆蛋白-小麦淀粉混合粉,混合均匀后备用。
参考Yan等[16]的方法并稍作修改,称取200 mg淀粉样品m0于离心管中,加入10 mL去离子水配制成2%的淀粉乳,在95 ℃的水浴锅中加热30 min,冷却到室温后,3000 r/min离心15 min,沉淀即为膨胀淀粉m1,将上清液转移至铝盒中在105 ℃下烘干至恒重得到水溶性淀粉m2。溶解度和膨胀势的计算公式如(1)(2)所示:
$\rm 溶解度(\text{%})=\frac{{m}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{0}}\times 100 $
$\rm \text{膨胀势}(\text{%})=\frac{{m}_{1}}{{m}_{0}\times (100-溶解度)}\times 100 $
参照GB/T 24853-2010测定淀粉的糊化特性。
称取3.0 mg淀粉样品置于铝坩埚中,加入9.0 μL去离子水混合均匀并密封。将样品放置在4 ℃条件下平衡24 h后,使用差示扫描量热仪进行测定。测试条件:10~110 ℃,升温速率为10 ℃/min。
流变学特性参照张浩等[17]的方法进行测定。取1.2.3制备的淀粉凝胶放置于流变仪上,选择35 mm探头,平板间隙为1 mm。在应变为0.1%~100%范围内进行应变扫描,确定最佳线性粘弹性区间,最终选择应变为1%,频率范围为0.1~10 Hz。
取1.2.3制备的凝胶于4 ℃条件下冷藏24 h,在室温下稳定后,采用质构仪进行测定。使用P/0.5 R探头测试样品,测试前、中、后速率均为1.00 mm/s,触发力5.0 g,间隔时间5 s。
参照张敏等[8]方法进行测定。取1.2.3制备的淀粉糊(W1)倒入离心管中,在室温冷却后放入−22 ℃冰箱中冷冻24 h,取出后在30 ℃水浴锅中水浴融化2 h,在4000 r/min的条件下离心15 min,称沉淀质量(W2),冻融循环操作重复5次,析水率的计算公式如(3)所示:
$ \rm{\text{析水率}}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{W}_1-\text{W}_2}{\text{W}_1}\times100 $
红外光谱参照郑雁[18]的方法进行测定。将1.2.3制备的淀粉凝胶冷冻干燥后,将样品与溴化钾以1:100的比例混合均匀压片,进行傅里叶红外变换光谱(FT-IR)测定。设置分辨率为4 cm−1,扫描次数为32。扫描范围为4000~500 cm−1。使用Omnic 8.2软件对1200~800 cm−1范围的图谱进行基线校准、平滑及去卷积处理。
淀粉凝胶的微观结构参照Joshi等[19]的方法进行测定。将1.2.3制备的淀粉凝胶冷冻干燥,将干燥好的样品掰成自然断截面并固定在样品架上,经喷金处理后使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行微观结构观察及在放大倍数300倍条件下拍照。
使用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行显著性分析,显著性水平设为P<0.05。结果以“平均值±标准差”表示。使用Origin 2025软件进行绘图。每次实验均重复3次。
淀粉溶解度指一定温度下溶解淀粉质量的百分比,膨胀势则表征淀粉的吸水膨胀能力,反映淀粉吸水膨胀后形成的凝胶状态[20]。膨胀势大小主要与直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉结构及淀粉分子间相互作用的程度有关。如图1所示,随油莎豆蛋白含量的增加,混合体系的溶解度和膨胀势均逐渐增加,分别由10.35%和12.13%上升至27.26%和13.82%,其中5%~11%添加量区间的溶解度增幅更为明显。溶解度的提高可能源于水热条件下蛋白与淀粉的结合及分子链解旋,导致淀粉颗粒通道暴露出了羟基基团,使得部分游离的淀粉颗粒更易溶于水[21]。膨胀势增加则可能是由于油莎豆蛋白添加量增加,直链淀粉含量减少,同时亲水性基团和氨基酸可能与水或者淀粉之间交联程度降低,从而降低了淀粉分子表面和内部张力对其膨胀的抑制[22]。因此,若需生产速溶淀粉制品以提高淀粉溶解性,建议选择7%~11%的油莎豆蛋白添加量;若用于糕点、面制品的口感改良以适度增强淀粉膨胀能力,1%~5%的添加量即可满足需求。
混合体系的糊化特性如表1所示。随着油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加,小麦淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度和回生值均呈现显著下降的趋势(P<0.05),但糊化温度无显著性变化(P>0.05)。当添加量达到11%时,相较于空白组,峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度以及回生值分别下降了46.72%、43.68%、56.86%、37.17%以及25.19%。由于糊化黏度与淀粉的相对含量呈正相关。随着油莎豆蛋白含量增加,淀粉相对含量降低,蛋白对淀粉颗粒膨胀的抑制作用减弱,可能共同导致糊化黏度降低。崩解值表征淀粉在高温高剪切条件下的耐热性与抗剪切性。随着蛋白添加量增加,崩解值降低,该现象主要归因于蛋白质在淀粉颗粒表面形成包裹层。该作用增大了空间位阻,使淀粉颗粒在受热和剪切时更难崩解,结构完整性得以维持,进而提升了其热稳定性及抗剪切能力[23−24]。回生值大小可以表征淀粉糊化冷却后的直链淀粉分子重结晶程度[25]。随着蛋白添加量的增加,回生值呈下降趋势,表明蛋白通过阻碍直链淀粉与氢键结合,抑制了淀粉分子的聚集与重排结晶。同时这也可能会延缓淀粉凝沉过程,从而降低淀粉老化速率并提升储藏稳定性[4]。因此添加量为7%~11%,可用于生产高温杀菌、油炸食品等需提升淀粉热稳定性、降低崩解值的产品,添加量为5%~7%可用于生产面包、冷藏面制品等需抑制淀粉回生、延长保质期的产品,添加量低于3%可用于馒头等需维持淀粉基本糊化特性的产品。
如表2所示,随油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加,复合凝胶终止温度显著升高,糊化焓(∆H)显著降低(P<0.05);蛋白添加量高于7%时,峰值温度显著升高(P<0.05);而起始温度无显著变化(P>0.05)。糊化转变温度与淀粉内部结晶结构及热稳定性有关,终止温度(Tc)从77.47 ℃增大到79.04 ℃。蛋白质的存在可以通过干扰水的流动性和削弱水-淀粉的相互作用来提高糊化淀粉的终止温度。温度升高可能源于油莎豆蛋白限制了复合体系中的水分子(尤其是淀粉颗粒附近的水分子)的运动,延缓了其进入结晶区的速率,从而影响了晶体的熔融过程[26–27]。∆H表示破坏结晶区中双螺旋结构所需能量,其数值大小直接反映淀粉的结晶程度。∆H从10.87 J/g降至8.96 J/g。Fredriksson等[28]研究表明直链淀粉对淀粉糊化具有重要影响,直链淀粉可以在一定程度上抑制淀粉溶胀,进而增大淀粉的∆H。因此本实验中∆H减小可能是油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加使淀粉中的直链淀粉含量降低。另外也可能是由于蛋白质与浸出的直链淀粉相互作用,导致内部直链淀粉和支链淀粉结合受限,进而减小了∆H[29]。这与Tarahi等[30]研究结果一致。
动态流变特性参数中储能模量(G')表示储存变形能量的能力,损耗模量(G")表示发生形变而损耗能量的能力,而损耗因子(tan δ)表示黏性与弹性的比值[31]。
图2为不同油莎豆蛋白添加量的小麦淀粉糊的频率扫描曲线。所有样品的G'和G"均随频率升高而增大,且G'始终显著高于G",表明体系呈现典型的弱凝胶行为,其黏弹性具有明显的频率依赖性[32]。随着油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加,复配体系的G′和G"均呈逐渐减小的趋势。这是由于油莎豆蛋白分子通过包裹淀粉颗粒,抑制了其吸水膨胀过程,阻碍直链淀粉的溶出及分子重排,最终导致G'值和G''值降低[33]。tan δ随着油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加而增大,但始终小于1,这表明复合凝胶体系流动性增强,说明复合体系为具有弹性行为的流体[34]。这一结果与修琳等[35]研究相似。因此,添加量低于5%时可用于生产蛋糕等需维持凝胶弹性结构且适度提升流动性的产品,添加量为7%~11%时可用于生产酱料等需要增强凝胶流动性且改善口感顺滑度的产品。
由表3可知,油莎豆蛋白添加量对凝胶质构的影响呈现明显的浓度依赖性。当添加量小于3%时,凝胶网络保持相对稳定:3%添加量组硬度310.43 g与空白组硬度317.18 g无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着油莎豆蛋白含量的增大,复合凝胶的硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性逐渐下降,而弹性、内聚性和回复性下降幅度较小。淀粉凝胶硬度与直链淀粉含量呈显著正相关。较高直链淀粉含量通过增强分子间交联密度与缠结程度,显著提升凝胶硬度。同时,硬度大小可作为糊化淀粉回生程度及凝胶网络稳定性的有效表征指标[36]。油莎豆蛋白的添加通过抑制直链淀粉分子间的聚集与有序重排,削弱其分子间相互作用力,促使复合凝胶形成更为柔软的结构,导致体系的硬度与咀嚼性显著降低[37]。同时,油莎豆蛋白影响了淀粉分子间的氢键结合,延缓了淀粉老化,导致凝胶强度降低。另外油莎豆蛋白通过吸附并包裹在淀粉颗粒表面,抑制其在糊化过程中的膨胀行为,进而降低了凝胶硬度。胶着性可以用来表示内聚力和粘合力之间的相互作用。油莎豆蛋白通过竞争氢键结合位点削弱了淀粉分子内聚力,进而导致胶着性降低。因此生产婴儿辅食和布丁等需柔软质地、低咀嚼性的产品时,建议选择9%~11%的添加量,生产普通馒头、饼干等需维持原有硬度和咀嚼性的产品时,1%~3%的添加量即可。
如图3所示,经过5次冻融循环后,当油莎豆蛋白添加量低于5%时,淀粉凝胶未出现析水;蛋白添加量为7%的凝胶在第4次冻融循环时出现析水,而添加量为9%和11%的凝胶在第2次冻融循环时即已发生析水。此外,随着蛋白添加比例的提高,相同冻融次数下的析水率上升,说明其冻融稳定性逐渐下降。这主要是由于在冷冻条件下,直链淀粉分子发生重排,导致水分被排出并形成冰晶,冰晶的形成会破坏淀粉凝胶的三维网络结构,从而降低其冻融稳定性[38]。因此,添加量低于5%时,可用于生产冷冻汤圆、冷冻面团和冰淇淋等需冷冻-解冻过程中能保证冻融稳定性的产品,添加量在7%~11%时可用于生产常温糕点、面包等常温储存或短时间冷藏的产品。
如图4所示,添加油莎豆蛋白后,复合凝胶的红外图谱没有出现新的特征吸收峰,表明油莎豆蛋白与小麦淀粉之间未形成新的共价键[39]。此外在3100~3600 cm-1范围内,不同油莎豆蛋白添加量的复合凝胶均观察到的较强吸收峰归属于-OH伸缩振动,表明两者之间主要通过氢键相互作用。在1200~800 cm−1范围内代表淀粉的短程有序结构。1047 cm−1处为淀粉的有序结构。1022 cm−1处为C-C的弯曲振动峰,代表淀粉的无定形结构[40]。995 cm−1处归属于淀粉分子之间的氢键作用。经去卷积处理后,DO(1047/1022 cm−1)和DD(995/1022 cm−1)值的峰高比,可以用于表征淀粉的有序结构和双螺旋构象程度[18]。由图5可知,随着油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加,DO值从1.73 cm−1下降至1.52 cm−1,这表明淀粉的有序程度下降。DD值从2.68 cm−1下降到2.02 cm−1,这表明油莎豆蛋白与淀粉相互作用减少了体系中的氢键,降低了淀粉分子双螺旋程度[41]。其中5%添加量是DO值和DD值下降的关键节点,此后降幅进一步扩大。因此,添加量低于5%时,可用于生产糕点、糖果等需适度降低淀粉结晶度、改善口感的产品,添加量高于5%时,可用于生产改善加工流动性的淀粉基膜材料。
SEM可以用来观察蛋白和淀粉复合凝胶的微观形态分布。如图6所示,未添加油莎豆蛋白时,小麦淀粉凝胶网络结构显示出类似蜂窝状的层状网络结构,结构连续完整。冷冻干燥过程中冰晶的升华赋予凝胶以蜂窝状多孔结构,且没有观察到残留的淀粉颗粒,表明淀粉在糊化过程中已充分糊化并参与了网络构建。在蛋白添加量小于3%时,此时凝胶结构较好,也呈现出均匀多孔的层状结构。然而随着油莎豆蛋白添加量的增加,凝胶网络空隙逐渐增大,孔壁变薄,三维网络结构趋于松散。此现象可归因于蛋白分子与淀粉颗粒表面间产生的空间位阻排斥效应[19]。另一方面随着蛋白添加量的增加,蛋白占比提高使得淀粉含量下降,抑制了直链淀粉的浸出,从而干扰了稳固三维凝胶网络的构建[42]。因此,添加量低于3%时可用于生产凝胶糖果和豆腐脑等需维持致密结构的产品,添加量高于3%时可用于生产多孔糕点、淀粉海绵等需制备多孔结构以及改善吸水的产品。
油莎豆蛋白的添加使得混合体系的溶解度和膨胀势增加;复合凝胶的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度和回生值均显著降低(P<0.05);热力学结果表明蛋白的加入使得糊化焓降低,终止糊化温度上升;质构结果表明,添加蛋白后降低了复合凝胶的硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性,使质地变得柔软;流变学结果进一步证实,油莎豆蛋白和小麦淀粉复合凝胶为典型的弱凝胶流体,且随着蛋白含量的增加凝胶流动性增强。当蛋白添加量低于5%时,冻融稳定性不受影响。傅里叶红外光谱结果表明添加油莎豆蛋白后复合体系未形成新的共价键,但凝胶有序程度降低。在添加量小于3%时,凝胶结构呈现出均匀多孔的层状结构,添加量过高使得淀粉含量下降且蛋白抑制直链淀粉的浸出,阻碍稳固三维网络的构建。本研究结果可为油莎豆蛋白改善淀粉基食品品质提供理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080233
  • 接收时间:2025-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-22
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    1河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001
    2中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300

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岳清华(1988−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:谷物食品与营养,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
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种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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