Article(id=1320880808244662382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080203, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755619200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852125463, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852125463, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852125463, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852125463, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=395, endPage=402, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880808450183279, articleId=1320880808244662382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Evaluation in Quality Characteristics of Sweet Potato Powder by Different Preparation Processes, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To screen for whole sweet potato powder (WSP) suitable for various industrial production processes, this study employed two representative sweet potato cultivars (Lingzi and Hong'anhong) as raw materials. It compared the variations in physicochemical properties, functional characteristics, sensory quality, and other related traits among four types of WSP produced by distinct processing methods: raw WSP, cooked WSP, freeze-dried WSP, and fermented raw WSP. The results showed that the pH of raw, cooked, and freeze-dried WSP ranged from 6.31 to 6.52, whereas fermentation decreased the pH of raw WSP to 4.42~5.90. Notably, single-strain fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited the strongest acid-producing capacity, with a total titratable acidity (TTA) value approximately three fold higher than that of unfermented raw WSP. Cooked WSP exhibited no endothermic peak, attributed to complete gelatinization. Among WSP samples of the same cultivar, cooked WSP had significantly higher water-holding capacity and water absorption-swelling capacity but poor freeze-thaw stability. Regarding oil-holding capacity, raw WSP was the lowest, whereas fermentation increased this capacity to more than twice its initial level. Furthermore, raw WSP fermented with single-strain L. plantarum had the highest soluble sugar content. Freeze-dried WSP performed best in sensory evaluation, with a total sensory score 7.56%~22.54% higher than those of the other types. For purple WSP, the anthocyanin content in freeze-dried purple WSP was approximately 5.32 times that in raw purple WSP. This study provides a valuable reference for the quality control, industrial-scale production, and application expansion of WSP.

, authors=Tian XIONG1, Wenjie CHEN1, 2, Hongyu QIAN1, 3, Fang CAI1, Jianbin SHI1, Yong SUI1, Xueling CHEN1, Chuanhui FAN1, Xin MEI1, *, authorsList=Tian XIONG, Wenjie CHEN, Hongyu QIAN, Fang CAI, Jianbin SHI, Yong SUI, Xueling CHEN, Chuanhui FAN, Xin MEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin MEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880811633660030, articleId=1320880808244662382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同工艺制备的甘薯全粉品质特性评价, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为筛选适配各类工业化生产的甘薯全粉,本研究以具有代表性的凌紫、红安红品种甘薯为原料,对比了不同工艺制备的甘薯生全粉、熟全粉、冻干粉以及发酵生全粉之间的理化、功能、感官等品质特性方面的差异。结果表明:甘薯生全粉、熟全粉、冻干粉pH在6.31~6.52之间,发酵处理使生全粉pH下降至4.42~5.90。植物乳植杆菌单菌发酵产酸能力最强,TTA约为未发酵生全粉的3倍。甘薯熟全粉因完全糊化观察不到吸热峰,持水性和吸水膨胀性均显著高于同品种其他全粉(P<0.05),但冻融稳定性差。甘薯生全粉持油性最差,发酵处理可以提升生全粉持油性至原来2倍以上。植物乳植杆菌单菌发酵甘薯生全粉可溶性糖含量最高。冻干粉感官性能最优,其感官评分总分高出其他全粉7.56%~22.54%,且紫心甘薯冻干粉花青素含量约为紫薯生全粉的5.32倍。本研究为甘薯全粉工业化生产、品质控制及应用拓展提供了参考依据。

, authors=熊添1, 陈文洁1, 2, 钱虹羽1, 3, 蔡芳1, 施建斌1, 隋勇1, 陈学玲1, 范传会1, 梅新1, *, authorsList=熊添, 陈文洁, 钱虹羽, 蔡芳, 施建斌, 隋勇, 陈学玲, 范传会, 梅新, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梅新, authorNote=

熊添(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

陈文洁(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工与副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
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注:不同英文字母表示同品种不同制备工艺的甘薯全粉间的显著性差异(P<0.05);R-生全粉;C-熟全粉;F-冻干粉;L-植物乳植杆菌发酵生全粉;S-酵母菌发酵生全粉;L+S-双菌共发酵生全粉;图2~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=2tCJVZsjVGJX0XUWeCnN3w==, figureFileBig=6XnefRzOZn94RKuP+50MJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927077675771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and water swelling capacity of WSP prepared by different processes, figureFileSmall=ogoM1v/UnsSXbX8VTZ/Zlw==, figureFileBig=Puid+IrjazVHRvtEbW8hww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927148978940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同工艺制备甘薯全粉的持水性、持油性、吸水膨胀性, figureFileSmall=ogoM1v/UnsSXbX8VTZ/Zlw==, figureFileBig=Puid+IrjazVHRvtEbW8hww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927220282109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Water separation rate and sinking properties of WSP prepared by different processes, figureFileSmall=ReZhh1hMLH0fHCANFqBQsg==, figureFileBig=/a/VYE4IYmRfenwua0IBaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927299973886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同工艺制备甘薯全粉的析水率和凝沉性, figureFileSmall=ReZhh1hMLH0fHCANFqBQsg==, figureFileBig=/a/VYE4IYmRfenwua0IBaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927379665663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Soluble sugar content of WSP prepared by different processes, figureFileSmall=a0WTdBY2ViHl3fZ7mwpp0Q==, figureFileBig=Zj+rJ2r0dC9FdKpYfpMYWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927467746048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同工艺制备甘薯全粉的可溶性糖含量, figureFileSmall=a0WTdBY2ViHl3fZ7mwpp0Q==, figureFileBig=Zj+rJ2r0dC9FdKpYfpMYWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927547437825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging rate of WSP prepared by different processes, figureFileSmall=3bQ/iIPbl23yeE955b+sig==, figureFileBig=C/fogQyAsr7TJT3kwGOd3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927618740994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同工艺制备甘薯全粉总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除率, figureFileSmall=3bQ/iIPbl23yeE955b+sig==, figureFileBig=C/fogQyAsr7TJT3kwGOd3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927685849859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Anthocyanin content of purple sweet potato powder prepared by different processes, figureFileSmall=h8yk4pQapzFm2b0me19lXw==, figureFileBig=3CvWmveWu4s/3eQrrLw5HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927744570116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同工艺制备紫薯全粉的花青素含量, figureFileSmall=h8yk4pQapzFm2b0me19lXw==, figureFileBig=3CvWmveWu4s/3eQrrLw5HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927815873285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Colors of WSP prepared by different processes, figureFileSmall=ysVjFxaYz23Q/vTxOnZOLw==, figureFileBig=4HIpOqogPPgxpa00ahZy3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927878787846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同工艺制备甘薯全粉的色泽, figureFileSmall=ysVjFxaYz23Q/vTxOnZOLw==, figureFileBig=4HIpOqogPPgxpa00ahZy3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880927950091015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation standard of WSP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标分数(分)描述
气味(30%)80~100富有浓郁甘薯香气,无焦糊难闻气味
50~79甘薯香气清淡,几乎没有难闻气味
0~49无甘薯香气,异味较重
色泽(40%)80~100色泽明亮鲜艳
50~79颜色较浅、失去光泽
0~49颜色黯淡,呈现褐变色
组织形态(30%)80~100粉末均匀细腻
50~79大部分粉末均匀细腻,少数质地粗糙、粘连或结块
0~49粉末粗糙,不均匀或大量粘连结块
), ArticleFig(id=1320880928025588488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

甘薯全粉感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标分数(分)描述
气味(30%)80~100富有浓郁甘薯香气,无焦糊难闻气味
50~79甘薯香气清淡,几乎没有难闻气味
0~49无甘薯香气,异味较重
色泽(40%)80~100色泽明亮鲜艳
50~79颜色较浅、失去光泽
0~49颜色黯淡,呈现褐变色
组织形态(30%)80~100粉末均匀细腻
50~79大部分粉末均匀细腻,少数质地粗糙、粘连或结块
0~49粉末粗糙,不均匀或大量粘连结块
), ArticleFig(id=1320880928096891657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Thermodynamic characteristics of WSP prepared by different processes

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品种To(℃)Tp(℃)Tc(℃)ΔH(J/g)
紫薯R77.05±0.07bc81.55±0.07c87.30±0.14d2.69±0.03d
CN.D.N.D.N.D.N.D.
F77.30±0.14b82.35±0.35b88.55±0.07c3.02±0.01c
L77.85±0.35a83.75±0.07a89.70±0.00a3.01±0.00c
S76.75±0.07c84.05±0.07a89.30±0.14b3.09±0.01b
L+S76.25±0.07d83.95±0.07a89.95±0.21a3.21±0.05a
红薯R76.90±0.00a81.55±0.07a85.60±0.14a2.71±0.12a
CN.D.N.D.N.D.N.D.
F64.25±0.21c77.55±0.07d84.20±0.14a1.60±0.04b
L76.60±0.42a81.20±0.00b86.50±0.00a2.75±0.52a
S75.40±0.14b80.35±0.21c86.65±1.34a2.69±0.59a
L+S75.10±0.14b80.15±0.07c86.50±0.28a3.07±0.06a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880928172389130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同工艺制备甘薯全粉的热特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种To(℃)Tp(℃)Tc(℃)ΔH(J/g)
紫薯R77.05±0.07bc81.55±0.07c87.30±0.14d2.69±0.03d
CN.D.N.D.N.D.N.D.
F77.30±0.14b82.35±0.35b88.55±0.07c3.02±0.01c
L77.85±0.35a83.75±0.07a89.70±0.00a3.01±0.00c
S76.75±0.07c84.05±0.07a89.30±0.14b3.09±0.01b
L+S76.25±0.07d83.95±0.07a89.95±0.21a3.21±0.05a
红薯R76.90±0.00a81.55±0.07a85.60±0.14a2.71±0.12a
CN.D.N.D.N.D.N.D.
F64.25±0.21c77.55±0.07d84.20±0.14a1.60±0.04b
L76.60±0.42a81.20±0.00b86.50±0.00a2.75±0.52a
S75.40±0.14b80.35±0.21c86.65±1.34a2.69±0.59a
L+S75.10±0.14b80.15±0.07c86.50±0.28a3.07±0.06a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880928256275211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensory evaluation of WSP prepared by different processes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种总分(分)气味(分)色泽(分)组织形态(分)
紫薯R79.47±3.92b64.85±2.78b80.25±5.18bc89.17±3.18bc
C81.60±3.38ab71.67±4.49b87.50±2.23ab87.16±3.39bc
F89.18±3.58a84.83±5.22a93.50±3.54a91.83±1.88a
L82.02±2.64ab72.25±3.00b84.38±4.47b89.83±4.64bc
S77.41±2.54b68.33±4.36b75.83±4.15c84.66±2.18b
L+S82.91±3.71ab71.25±4.87b85.00±4.63b91.17±2.10a
红薯R80.04±4.28b80.00±2.49b70.83±2.62bc90.37±4.05a
C72.16±2.90c71.25±4.87c76.50±4.89b71.25±2.98c
F88.43±1.87a87.83±4.08a90.67±4.26a91.63±3.99a
L75.03±3.58bc75.0±4.47bc68.50±3.12c83.50±3.33b
S74.03±3.18bc68.67±4.83c73.75±3.71bc78.25±3.81b
L+S74.9±3.35bc73.75±4.87bc75.5±4.96bc81.33±1.66b
), ArticleFig(id=1320880928335966988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880808244662382, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同工艺制备的甘薯全粉感官评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种总分(分)气味(分)色泽(分)组织形态(分)
紫薯R79.47±3.92b64.85±2.78b80.25±5.18bc89.17±3.18bc
C81.60±3.38ab71.67±4.49b87.50±2.23ab87.16±3.39bc
F89.18±3.58a84.83±5.22a93.50±3.54a91.83±1.88a
L82.02±2.64ab72.25±3.00b84.38±4.47b89.83±4.64bc
S77.41±2.54b68.33±4.36b75.83±4.15c84.66±2.18b
L+S82.91±3.71ab71.25±4.87b85.00±4.63b91.17±2.10a
红薯R80.04±4.28b80.00±2.49b70.83±2.62bc90.37±4.05a
C72.16±2.90c71.25±4.87c76.50±4.89b71.25±2.98c
F88.43±1.87a87.83±4.08a90.67±4.26a91.63±3.99a
L75.03±3.58bc75.0±4.47bc68.50±3.12c83.50±3.33b
S74.03±3.18bc68.67±4.83c73.75±3.71bc78.25±3.81b
L+S74.9±3.35bc73.75±4.87bc75.5±4.96bc81.33±1.66b
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不同工艺制备的甘薯全粉品质特性评价
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熊添 1 , 陈文洁 1, 2 , 钱虹羽 1, 3 , 蔡芳 1 , 施建斌 1 , 隋勇 1 , 陈学玲 1 , 范传会 1 , 梅新 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(17): 395-402
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (17) : 395 -402
不同工艺制备的甘薯全粉品质特性评价
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熊添(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

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熊添(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

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熊添1 , 陈文洁1, 2 , 钱虹羽1, 3, 蔡芳1, 施建斌1, 隋勇1, 陈学玲1, 范传会1, 梅新1, *
作者信息
  • 1湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,特色农产品资源挖掘与高质利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064
  • 2湘潭大学化工学院,湖南湘潭 411105
  • 3天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457
通讯作者:
梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工与副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

熊添(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工及副产物综合利用,E-mail:

陈文洁(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

Evaluation in Quality Characteristics of Sweet Potato Powder by Different Preparation Processes
Tian XIONG1 , Wenjie CHEN1, 2 , Hongyu QIAN1, 3, Fang CAI1, Jianbin SHI1, Yong SUI1, Xueling CHEN1, Chuanhui FAN1, Xin MEI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Agro−product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural, Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro−product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Characteristic Resources and Utilization Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 2College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
  • 3College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080203
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为筛选适配各类工业化生产的甘薯全粉,本研究以具有代表性的凌紫、红安红品种甘薯为原料,对比了不同工艺制备的甘薯生全粉、熟全粉、冻干粉以及发酵生全粉之间的理化、功能、感官等品质特性方面的差异。结果表明:甘薯生全粉、熟全粉、冻干粉pH在6.31~6.52之间,发酵处理使生全粉pH下降至4.42~5.90。植物乳植杆菌单菌发酵产酸能力最强,TTA约为未发酵生全粉的3倍。甘薯熟全粉因完全糊化观察不到吸热峰,持水性和吸水膨胀性均显著高于同品种其他全粉(P<0.05),但冻融稳定性差。甘薯生全粉持油性最差,发酵处理可以提升生全粉持油性至原来2倍以上。植物乳植杆菌单菌发酵甘薯生全粉可溶性糖含量最高。冻干粉感官性能最优,其感官评分总分高出其他全粉7.56%~22.54%,且紫心甘薯冻干粉花青素含量约为紫薯生全粉的5.32倍。本研究为甘薯全粉工业化生产、品质控制及应用拓展提供了参考依据。

甘薯  /  甘薯全粉  /  发酵  /  植物乳植杆菌  /  品质特性

To screen for whole sweet potato powder (WSP) suitable for various industrial production processes, this study employed two representative sweet potato cultivars (Lingzi and Hong'anhong) as raw materials. It compared the variations in physicochemical properties, functional characteristics, sensory quality, and other related traits among four types of WSP produced by distinct processing methods: raw WSP, cooked WSP, freeze-dried WSP, and fermented raw WSP. The results showed that the pH of raw, cooked, and freeze-dried WSP ranged from 6.31 to 6.52, whereas fermentation decreased the pH of raw WSP to 4.42~5.90. Notably, single-strain fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited the strongest acid-producing capacity, with a total titratable acidity (TTA) value approximately three fold higher than that of unfermented raw WSP. Cooked WSP exhibited no endothermic peak, attributed to complete gelatinization. Among WSP samples of the same cultivar, cooked WSP had significantly higher water-holding capacity and water absorption-swelling capacity but poor freeze-thaw stability. Regarding oil-holding capacity, raw WSP was the lowest, whereas fermentation increased this capacity to more than twice its initial level. Furthermore, raw WSP fermented with single-strain L. plantarum had the highest soluble sugar content. Freeze-dried WSP performed best in sensory evaluation, with a total sensory score 7.56%~22.54% higher than those of the other types. For purple WSP, the anthocyanin content in freeze-dried purple WSP was approximately 5.32 times that in raw purple WSP. This study provides a valuable reference for the quality control, industrial-scale production, and application expansion of WSP.

sweet potato  /  whole sweet potato powder (WSP)  /  fermentation  /  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  /  quality characteristics
熊添, 陈文洁, 钱虹羽, 蔡芳, 施建斌, 隋勇, 陈学玲, 范传会, 梅新. 不同工艺制备的甘薯全粉品质特性评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 395 -402 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080203
Tian XIONG, Wenjie CHEN, Hongyu QIAN, Fang CAI, Jianbin SHI, Yong SUI, Xueling CHEN, Chuanhui FAN, Xin MEI. Evaluation in Quality Characteristics of Sweet Potato Powder by Different Preparation Processes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 395 -402 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080203
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)作为我国第五大粮食作物,又称番薯、地瓜、甜薯等,富含淀粉、膳食纤维、维生素、β-胡萝卜素及花青素等营养物质,其抗氧化和抗癌功能已获得广泛验证[1]。新鲜甘薯水分高达60%~75%,在加工和贮存过程中易腐烂,造成大量资源浪费。而制备甘薯全粉因其工艺简便、营养物质保留率高、保质期长等优点,被视为减少损耗、提升附加值的高效加工途径[2]。
目前市场上常见的甘薯全粉主要分为生全粉、熟全粉和冻干粉,但因各自特性限制了应用范围。生全粉由新鲜甘薯热风干燥制成,细胞完整性、冻融稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性较好,但不含面筋蛋白,复水性与面团拉伸性和延展性不足[3−4]。熟全粉由熟制甘薯干燥而成,糊化度高、冲调性好,却伴随热敏营养损失和质地粗糙的问题,不适用于面条、馒头等主食加工[5]。冻干粉是新鲜甘薯经冷冻干燥工艺制成,营养物质损失少、品质高,但过程高能耗、不连续,限制了其大规模推广普及[6]。相较而言,生全粉最具工业化前景,但仍需通过各种手段改善其加工及功能特性。
发酵可同步提升食品营养与加工适应性,兼具安全性和经济效益[7]。Chang等[8]研究发现,植物乳植杆菌发酵使小米淀粉的短支链比例、结晶度和短程有序度增加,改善了小米淀粉的溶解度、吸附能力和糊化黏度。Isa等[9]的研究表明,保加利亚乳杆菌可显著提高木薯粉蛋白质含量。乳酸菌代谢生成的胞外多糖还能改善面团因缺少面筋蛋白所带来的缺陷[10]。将发酵技术应用到甘薯生全粉改性或能提升其性能并扩大应用范围具有良好的应用前景,但目前相关研究还鲜有报道,且有关甘薯全粉品质的研究多集中于单一肉色品种。
我国甘薯种类丰富,依据块根肉色可划分为紫心、红心、白心与黄心四大类型,其中紫心甘薯富含花青素、膳食纤维,口感粉糯;红心甘薯水分高、类胡萝卜素丰富,口感香甜[11]。紫心甘薯和红心甘薯消费市场最广、加工潜力最大,却缺乏系统比较。本研究以具有代表性的紫心、红心甘薯为原料,采用热风干燥、高温蒸制、冷冻干燥等手段制备生全粉、熟全粉以及冻干粉,并利用植物乳植杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,L)、酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae,S)以及双菌共发酵(L+S)制备发酵生全粉。在理化特性、活性物质以及感官鉴定三个方面,比较上述全粉之间的品质差异,探究不同工艺制备的甘薯全粉的品质特征,为筛选低成本、高营养且适配工业化生产的甘薯全粉工艺提供理论依据。
凌紫品种紫心甘薯(以下简称紫薯)、红安红品种红心甘薯(以下简称红薯) 湖北根聚地农业发展股份有限公司;植物乳植杆菌(JYLP-002) 山东中科嘉亿生物工程有限公司;酿酒酵母 安琪酵母股份有限公司;1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH)、蒽酮、氯化钾、福林酚 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;没食子酸 上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
QJ-08粉碎机 上海兆申科技有限公司;泸制01040080分光光度计 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司;LXJ-IIB低速离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂;Pyrisl差示扫描量热分析仪 美国PE公司;LGJ-25C冷冻干燥机 北京四环科学仪器厂有限公司制造;XH-C旋涡混合器 金坛市医疗仪器厂;L18-P161破壁机 杭州九阳生活电器有限公司。
以紫薯和红薯为原料,制备生全粉、熟全粉和冻干粉。生全粉:甘薯块根→清洗去皮→切片→护色→热风干燥→冷却至室温→粉碎过筛;熟全粉:甘薯块根→清洗去皮→蒸熟→捣泥→热风干燥→冷却至室温→粉碎过筛;冻干粉:甘薯块根→清洗去皮→切片→护色→预冻→真空冷冻干燥→粉碎过筛。
操作要点:
切片:切为1.50 mm的薄片。护色:浸泡于无硫护色液(0.25%柠檬酸+0.15%植酸+0.20% CaCl2溶液)中30 min。蒸熟:100 ℃蒸制30 min。热风干燥:60 ℃干燥5 h。预冻:−40 ℃预冻12 h。真空冷冻干燥:设定温度为−50 ℃,真空度为90 Pa,干燥24 h。粉碎过筛:破壁机粉碎均匀,过80目筛。
以紫薯、红薯生全粉为原料,制备发酵生全粉。工艺流程:生全粉→发酵→预冻→真空冷冻干燥→粉碎过筛。
操作要点:
植物乳植杆菌活化:涂布培养后挑取单菌接入MRS液体培养基,37 ℃培养24 h。传代两次,至活菌数达到109 CFU/mL[12]。
酵母菌活化:将酵母干粉接种于YPD液体培养基,32 ℃、30 r/min摇床培养24 h,传代两次,至活菌数达到109 CFU/mL。
发酵:取培养液4000 r/min离心10 min,称1 g菌泥(双菌共发酵则各取0.5 g),用无菌水洗涤菌泥2次,按1:10(w/v)的比例混合菌泥与无菌水,按甘薯生全粉质量的8%接种,再加入71%(w/v)的无菌水,30 ℃发酵12 h。
预冻、真空冷冻干燥、粉碎过筛的处理方法与1.2.1.1方法一致。
根据国标GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》(直接干燥法)测定上述所有样品水分含量,检测数值均低于1.50%。
参考王宏兹等[13]的方法略作修改测样品的pH和总滴定酸(TTA)。取1.0 g甘薯全粉,加入9.0 mL蒸馏水混匀,静置15 min后测pH;用0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液滴定至pH8.5,消耗的NaOH溶液的体积记为TTA。
按照熊添等[14]的方法测定样品的持水性、持油性、吸水膨胀性。
参考方东方等[15]的方法略作修改后测定冻融稳定性。取1.0 g甘薯全粉于离心管,管重记为M1。加入15 mL蒸馏水,90 ℃水浴搅拌30 min后8000 r/min离心,倾去上清液称重记为M2,再于−18 ℃冷冻24 h,室温解冻后8000 r/min离心,再倾去上清液称重记为M3,以析水率表示。
$\rm 析水率(\text{%})=\frac{{M}_{2}-{M}_{3}}{{M}_{2}-{M}_{1}}\times 100 $
参考卢紫君等[16]的方法略作修改后测定样品凝沉性。取样品配成浓度为1%(W/V)的溶液,沸水浴加热搅拌至完全糊化(保持体积不变),冷却至室温静置24 h,记录上清液体积及淀粉糊总体积(mL),凝沉性(%)按以下公式计算:
$\rm 凝沉性(\text{%})=\frac{上清液体积}{淀粉糊总体积}\times 100 $
按照邹浩峰等[17]的方法测定样品的热力学特性。取5.0 mg样品至铝坩埚,加入10 μL去离子水并加盖密封,于室温下平衡2 h使用DSC分析,根据吸热曲线计算糊化起始温度(To)、峰值温度(Tp)、终止温度(Tc)及糊化焓(ΔH)。
可溶性糖参考王佩芬等[18]的方法稍作修改测定。取1.0 g样品,加入80%乙醇10 mL,60 ℃水浴搅拌30 min,冷却后定容至50 mL。取0.1 mL滤液用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定,根据葡萄糖标准曲线(y=0.5190x−0.1842,R2=0.9910,式中:y为吸光度;x为葡萄糖质量浓度,mg/mL)计算可溶性糖含量。
参照陈蓬凤等[19]的方法略作修改后测定总酚含量。取0.5 g样品,加入70%乙醇10 mL,50 ℃水浴浸提1 h后过滤。取0.1 mL滤液与0.5 mL 10%福林酚试剂反应15 min,再加1.5 mL 15% Na2CO3溶液并定容至5 mL,室温避光1.5 h,765 nm处测定吸光度,代入没食子酸标准曲线(y=0.6140x+0.0574,R2=0.9994。式中:y为吸光度,x为没食子酸当量)计算总酚含量。
按照王宏兹等[13]的方法稍作修改,测定样品的DPPH自由基清除率。分别将2.0 mL样品滤液和乙醇与2.0 mL DPPH溶液混匀,避光放置30 min,517 nm处测定吸光度,分别记为AX和A0,按公式计算DPPH自由基清除率。
$ \rm{\text{DPPH}}自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{Ax}{A_0}\right)\times100 $
按照赵时珊等[3]的方法测定甘薯全粉的花青素含量。
取等量样品铺于黑色或白色干净桌面拍照。取样品放入色度仪测量板,记录其L*值、a*值、b*值,重复6次。参照熊添等[20]的方法修改后进行感官评价,评分小组为20名经培训的专业人员,根据NY/T 3611《甘薯全粉》标准略作修改设置评分标准见表1。
所有实验重复3次,实验数据经Microsoft office Excel 2016处理后,用SPSS 27.0分析显著差异性,通过一元方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)进行多个组间平均数的比较,若组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),则采用Duncan检验进行组间多重比较。使用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2作图。
由图1A、图1B可知,两种甘薯熟全粉、冻干粉pH在6.31~6.49之间,与同品种的紫薯生全粉(pH6.52)、红薯生全粉(pH6.42)差异不明显,TTA变化也与之相似,这表明生制、熟制、冻干工艺对甘薯全粉的酸碱性影响较小,且甘薯自身酸碱特性未发生明显改变。但发酵处理使两种甘薯生全粉pH分别显著下降(P<0.05)、TTA也显著增加(P<0.05),这与植物乳植杆菌和酵母菌代谢产生了大量有机酸有关。发酵甘薯生全粉pH在4.42~5.90之间,比较同品种各菌种发酵样品,发现植物乳植杆菌单菌发酵甘薯生全粉的pH降幅最大,较其发酵前降幅均超30%。且植物乳植杆菌单菌发酵的TTA最高,约为未发酵生全粉的3倍,这说明植物乳植杆菌单菌发酵产酸能力最强。刘超等[21]同样发现了乳酸菌和酵母菌共发酵芦笋汁的总酸含量低于仅乳酸菌发酵样品的现象。共发酵过程中,两个菌种的代谢产物相互抑制减弱了双菌共发酵效果[22]。
由图2A、图2B可知,两种甘薯熟全粉持水性和吸水膨胀性均显著高于同品种其他全粉(P<0.05)。其中紫薯熟全粉持水性、吸水膨胀性为3.64 g/g、4.26 mL/g,较紫薯生全粉分别提高1.19倍、0.78倍;而红薯熟全粉分别为4.12 g/g、9.88 mL/g,较红薯生全粉提高了2.24倍、5.50倍。熟制过程中高温使淀粉糊化,分子链展开,导致羟基等亲水基团暴露,与水的结合能力大幅度增强[23]。而生全粉、冻干粉中的淀粉未经糊化,结构紧密,亲水位点暴露有限,与水结合能力则较弱。高雪丽等[24]研究红薯淀粉颗粒也发现经湿热处理后暴露了更多的羟基,持水力较处理前有所提高。
两种甘薯的发酵生全粉、熟全粉和冻干粉持油性均显著高于同品种生全粉(P<0.05)。其中植物乳植杆菌发酵紫薯生全粉由0.71 g/g增至1.90 g/g;双菌共发酵红薯生全粉则由0.89 g/g增至1.77 g/g,增幅均超2倍。邹浩峰等[17]研究紫薯生全粉发酵时曾指出,持油率可能与可溶性膳食纤维含量有关。发酵过程中,微生物分泌的淀粉酶可将淀粉部分水解为可溶性膳食纤维,形成疏松多孔网络,扩大了油脂物理截留空间从而增强持油性[25]。
析水率越低,冻融稳定性越好,样品在冷加工和贮藏过程中越稳定[23]。由图3可知,两种甘薯冻干粉析水率较同品种生全粉无显著差异,熟全粉析水率显著最高(P<0.05),紫薯熟全粉的析水率为紫薯生全粉的2.52倍,红薯熟全粉为红薯生全粉的1.42倍,发酵生全粉的析水率较同品种生全粉普遍降低。综上所述,熟全粉的冻融稳定性最弱,而发酵生全粉冻融稳定性较生全粉增强。两种甘薯熟全粉的凝沉性较同品种生全粉显著增大(P<0.05),其中紫薯熟全粉的凝沉性增加了5.2%,红薯熟全粉则增加了23.1%。熟全粉经过高温糊化,游离的直链淀粉在后续干燥过程中更易互相靠近、聚集,形成网络结构,易于凝沉[26]。而生全粉、冻干粉淀粉颗粒保持较完整,淀粉分子间运动减弱,则不易凝沉。发酵紫薯生全粉凝沉性较紫薯生全粉显著下降(P<0.05),约降低18.5%~22.4%。微生物发酵导致pH下降,促进水分子与直链淀粉的亲水基团之间的氢键作用,抑制了淀粉分子间的定向运动和聚集,降低了凝沉速率[27]。综上所述,熟全粉凝沉性、持水性强,冻融稳定性差,解冻后易吸水凝沉导致品质下降,不宜冷加工和贮藏;发酵生全粉凝沉性下降、冻融稳定性改善,可用于加工冷藏食品。
热力学特性反映了各甘薯全粉糊化的难易程度。表2中,相比紫薯生全粉,紫薯冻干粉To、Tp、Tc均升高,ΔH增大。真空冷冻干燥对甘薯全粉晶体结构破坏较少,糊化需要的温度增大,结晶区解聚过程吸收的热量更多[28]。除了植物乳植杆菌发酵紫薯生全粉To较同品种的生全粉略微升高,其余发酵生全粉To下降,表明酵母菌、双菌共发酵使生全粉更容易糊化,而植物乳植杆菌发酵紫薯生全粉糊化需要更高的温度。发酵生全粉的Tp、Tc和ΔH均升高,表明发酵使甘薯生全粉糊化时间延长,糊化过程中结晶区解聚所需要的热量增多[29]。微生物发酵可破坏生全粉的无定形区,增加结晶区相对比例[17]。紫薯、红薯熟全粉均观察不到吸热峰,因其在加热和干燥过程中已完全糊化,晶体结构已被破坏。红薯全粉和紫薯全粉在相同工艺处理下,热特性变化不一致。相比红薯生全粉,红薯冻干粉To、Tp、Tc均减小,ΔH减小。红薯生全粉发酵前后To、Tp、Tc和ΔH变化不大,其原因还需进一步探究。
如图4所示,两种甘薯的植物乳植杆菌发酵生全粉、熟全粉的可溶性糖含量显著高于同品种生全粉(P<0.05)。其中,植物乳植杆菌发酵紫薯、红薯生全粉分别提高了1.66倍、6.70倍。发酵过程中,植物乳植杆菌产生了糖化酶和淀粉酶,上述酶将生全粉中的多糖类物质降解成葡萄糖、果糖和阿拉伯糖等可溶性单糖,一部分单糖用于满足植物乳植杆菌的生长代谢,另一部分在发酵体系中积累使得可溶性糖含量增加[30]。紫薯熟全粉的可溶性糖含量较紫薯生全粉提高了99.6%,红薯熟全粉则提高了42.0%。蒸熟过程中,熟全粉中的部分淀粉因高温转化为还原糖,使其可溶性糖含量升高。
由图5A可知,相同工艺制备的紫薯全粉总酚含量约为红薯全粉总酚含量的2.13~6.05倍,这与紫薯块根本身的酚类物质含量高于红薯块根有关[31]。从加工工艺差异来看,两种甘薯熟全粉、冻干粉总酚含量较同品种生全粉均有提升。紫薯熟全粉、冻干粉分别为紫薯生全粉的1.09倍、1.06倍;红薯熟全粉、冻干粉分别为红薯生全粉的1.58倍、1.47倍。这是因为高温破坏了甘薯细胞壁与淀粉颗粒,导致结合态酚被释放为易检测的游离态酚,而冻干避免了热敏性酚类被破坏。部分发酵方式可提高两种甘薯生全粉的总酚含量,双菌共发酵紫薯生全粉提升了16.6%,酵母菌发酵紫薯生全粉提升了10.7%;植物乳植杆菌发酵红薯生全粉提升了116.8%,酵母菌发酵红薯生全粉提升了46.9%。曹晶晶等[30]也发现植物乳植杆菌发酵红薯淀粉浆液的总酚含量提高了17.8%。发酵过程中微生物合成了羧化酶、单宁酶和糖苷酶,这些酶促进了甘薯细胞壁中的酚类物质的释放[32]。
由图5B可知,相同工艺制备的紫薯全粉DPPH自由基清除率约为红薯全粉的1.41~2.55倍。两种甘薯熟全粉的DPPH自由基清除率较同品种生全粉普遍升高,紫薯熟全粉由88.0%增至93.8%,红薯熟全粉由57.6%增至62.6%。这是因为游离态酚与DPPH自由基的反应能力更强,且熟制能先灭活鲜薯中的多酚氧化酶,减少酚类的氧化损失,保留了更多高活性酚类。除了植物乳植杆菌发酵红薯生全粉较红薯生全粉DPPH自由基清除率无显著差异(P>0.05),其余两种发酵生全粉较红薯生全粉的均显著降低(P<0.05)。
由图6可知,紫薯冻干粉、熟全粉的花青素含量显著高于紫薯生全粉(P<0.05),紫薯冻干粉花青素含量为1.17 mg/g,是紫薯生全粉(0.22 mg/g)的5.32倍。这是因为低温真空环境避免了高温与氧气对花青素的分解。樊小静等[6]也证实了真空冷冻干燥紫薯全粉的花青素含量比其他干燥方式更高。紫薯熟全粉的花青素含量为0.84 mg/g,是紫薯生全粉的3.82倍。紫薯花青素多为酰基化花青素,这类花青素本身热稳定性较强,不易被高温大量破坏,且多酚氧化酶被灭活,避免了后续热风干燥环节将其分解。发酵紫薯生全粉花青素含量则较生全粉无显著差异(P>0.05),介于0.24~0.26 mg/g。
如图7A所示,紫薯全粉整体呈紫红色调,红薯全粉呈橘黄色调。相比同品种生全粉,熟全粉颜色普遍加深,冻干粉颜色更接近鲜薯本色,发酵粉颜色略浅。图7B、图7C中不同工艺处理的紫薯、红薯全粉色度与图7A相对应,熟全粉、冻干粉的L*值较生全粉均下降,而发酵生全粉的L*值均升高,这说明发酵处理提高了生全粉的亮度。紫薯熟全粉、冻干粉、发酵生全粉与生全粉相比a*值增大,红色调更明显。这与pH变化有关,紫薯花色苷在酸性介质中以红色的黄烊盐阳离子形式存在,颜色由紫色变为红紫色[33]。发酵生全粉的pH下降趋势更大(图1),故红色更明显。相比红薯生全粉,其熟全粉、冻干粉、发酵生全粉b*值增大,黄色调更突出。红薯颜色深浅主要由其β-胡萝卜素含量决定,红薯熟全粉加热过程中大量β-胡萝卜素从细胞中被释放,其色泽由浅黄色变成橙黄色。
如表3所示,不同工艺制备的甘薯全粉感官综合评分主要受气味、色泽评分影响。两种甘薯冻干粉在气味、色泽、组织形态及综合评分上均为同品种的最高水平,总高出其余全粉7.56%~22.54%。低温真空环境极大减少了色素的热降解,避免了香气成分的热流失,且不存在热风干燥使淀粉糊化导致的粘连或结块现象,易碾磨且粉质细腻。两种甘薯熟全粉的色泽评分均高于同品种生全粉,色泽更鲜艳。紫薯熟全粉的气味评分也高于紫薯生全粉,因其发生了温和美拉德反应或焦糖化反应,生成带“香甜”“焦香”风味的吡嗪类、醛类化合物,香气更浓郁且具层次感[34]。发酵生全粉的气味、色泽及综合评分较同品种生全粉无显著差异(P>0.05),表明其没有产生不良气味破坏整体品质,感官可接受程度高,有潜力成为一种能广泛应用并适于工业化生产的新型甘薯全粉。
本研究系统分析了甘薯生全粉、熟全粉、冻干粉以及发酵生全粉的品质特征。结果表明,不同制粉工艺显著影响甘薯全粉的理化特性、功能特性及感官品质。熟全粉在持水性、吸水膨胀性和抗氧化活性方面表现优异,但凝沉性强、冻融稳定性相对较差,限制了其在冷冻食品中应用。冻干粉感官评分最优,花青素含量保留最好,但可溶性糖相对较低,生产成本高。甘薯生全粉生产效率高、废弃产物少,但持油性差且可溶性糖含量低,限制了其在烘焙食品中使用。与生全粉相比,L、S、L+S三种发酵方式获得的发酵生全粉酸度增加、持油性增强、糊化焓增大、糊化时间延长,凝沉性改善,整体加工性能有所提升。其中,植物乳植杆菌发酵的产酸能力、可溶性糖含量显著升高,双菌共发酵紫薯生全粉总酚含量和感官评价显著升高。综上,各工艺制备的甘薯全粉品质各有优劣,实际应用中需结合产品功能需求精准选择。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080203
  • 接收时间:2025-08-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20
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    1湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所,农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室,特色农产品资源挖掘与高质利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430064
    2湘潭大学化工学院,湖南湘潭 411105
    3天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457

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梅新(1978−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:粮食加工与副产物综合利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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