Article(id=1320881938689274143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080149, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755014400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852394983, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852394983, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852394983, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852394983, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=155, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881938869629216, articleId=1320881938689274143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Modulation of Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Methylcellulose Foam Template Aerogel by Linseed Gum, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, different concentrations of Linseed gum (LG) and Methylcellulose (MC) were mixed, and the effects of LG concentration on the properties of composite polysaccharide water foam were systematically analyzed. The microstructure, pore structure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of composite polysaccharide aerogel (MC-LG) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the viscosity of complex polysaccharide solution increased significantly with the increase of LG concentration (0.1wt%~0.5wt%), while the foam expansion rate first decreased and then increased, and reached the maximum value (7.59%) at 0.4wt%. Compared with pure MC water foam (76.40 μm), the bubble distribution of MC-0.4wt% LG water foam was more uniform, and the average size was reduced to 59.11 μm, and it still maintained good stability after 48 h storage. Scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum analysis showed that hydrogen bond interaction was formed between MC and LG molecules, and MC-LG aerogel containing 0.4wt% LG presented a relatively uniform honeycomb porous structure. The results of mechanical properties showed that the Young's modulus of MC-0.4wt% LG aerogel reached 0.0982 MPa, which was significantly higher than that of single MC aerogel (0.0288 MPa), and the yield strength and compressive strength were also significantly improved. To sum up, when the concentration of LG was 0.4wt%, MC-LG aerogel had uniform and compact pore structure, good thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties, and the overall performance was ideal. This study can provide technical reference for the application of high-performance polysaccharide-based aerogels in food and biomedicine.

, authors=Haili QIN1, Qiaoli ZHAO1, *, Cheong Kit-Leong1, Rui LI1, Zhuo WANG1, Xiaofei LIU1, Bingbing SONG1, Xuejing JIA1, Saiyi ZHONG1, 2, *, authorsList=Haili QIN, Qiaoli ZHAO, Cheong Kit-Leong, Rui LI, Zhuo WANG, Xiaofei LIU, Bingbing SONG, Xuejing JIA, Saiyi ZHONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiaoli ZHAO, Saiyi ZHONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881942413816115, articleId=1320881938689274143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=亚麻籽胶对甲基纤维素泡沫模板气凝胶孔隙结构和机械性能的调控作用, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究将不同浓度亚麻籽胶(Linseed gum,LG)和甲基纤维素(Methylcellulose,MC)混合,系统分析了LG浓度对复合多糖水泡沫性质的影响,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析等技术对复合多糖气凝胶(MC-LG)的微观形貌、孔隙结构、热稳定性和机械性能进行表征。结果表明,复合多糖溶液粘度随LG浓度(0.1wt%~0.5wt%)增加显著提高,而泡沫膨胀率呈先降低后升高趋势,并在0.4wt%时达到最大值(7.59%)。与纯MC水泡沫(76.40 μm)相比,MC-0.4wt% LG水泡沫气泡分布更加均匀,平均尺寸减小至59.11 μm,且储存48 h后仍保持较好的稳定性。扫描电镜和红外光谱分析表明,MC与LG分子间形成了氢键相互作用,且含0.4wt% LG的MC-LG气凝胶呈现较为均匀的蜂窝状多孔结构。机械性能结果显示,MC-0.4wt% LG气凝胶杨氏模量达到0.0982 MPa,显著高于单一MC气凝胶(0.0288 MPa),屈服强度和抗压强度也得到显著提升。综上所述,LG浓度为0.4wt%时,MC-LG气凝胶具有均匀致密的孔隙结构、良好的热稳定性和优异的机械性能,整体性能较为理想。本研究可为高性能多糖基气凝胶在食品和生物医药等领域的应用提供技术参考。

, authors=覃海丽1, 赵巧丽1, *, 张杰良1, 李瑞1, 汪卓1, 刘晓菲1, 宋兵兵1, 贾学静1, 钟赛意1, 2, *, authorsList=覃海丽, 赵巧丽, 张杰良, 李瑞, 汪卓, 刘晓菲, 宋兵兵, 贾学静, 钟赛意, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵巧丽, 钟赛意, authorNote=

覃海丽(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵巧丽(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能因子稳态化,E-mail:。
钟赛意(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品功能因子开发与功效评价,E-mail:。
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Carbohydrate Polymers, 2023, 315: 120971., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881942816469300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881942824857909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, companyId=1320881942816469300, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881942837440822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, companyId=1320881942816469300, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省亚热带果蔬加工科技创新中心,广东湛江 524088)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881942904549687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881942912938296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, companyId=1320881942904549687, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881942921326905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, companyId=1320881942904549687, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广东海洋大学深圳研究院,广东深圳 518108)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881947795108213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Images of aqueous foam formed by MC-LG complex polysaccharide solutions with different LG concentrations over time, figureFileSmall=fJt4QIHX/PrRQBfPWtgRVQ==, figureFileBig=7iOCalUsFmMi1O4RcPDunQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881947853828470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同LG浓度的MC-LG复合多糖溶液形成的水泡沫随时间的变化, figureFileSmall=fJt4QIHX/PrRQBfPWtgRVQ==, figureFileBig=7iOCalUsFmMi1O4RcPDunQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881948059349367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Micrographs (A) and bubble size distribution (B) of MC-LG complex polysaccharide aqueous foams with different LG concentrations, figureFileSmall=yjPhP2ShCc0dN+ooEfSLtw==, figureFileBig=7CluhTpGDdC/GRKgVCgMxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881948122263928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同LG浓度的MC-LG复合多糖水泡沫的显微照片(A)和气泡尺寸大小分布(B), figureFileSmall=yjPhP2ShCc0dN+ooEfSLtw==, figureFileBig=7CluhTpGDdC/GRKgVCgMxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881948185178489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Scanning electron microscope images of MC-LG complex polysaccharide aerogels containing different concentrations of LG, figureFileSmall=mu55EDviWHg+hNW0l+4v5w==, figureFileBig=hOASpMKPtCU8rNDz9TfySA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881948260675962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=CN, label=图3, caption=含有不同浓度LG的MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶的扫描电镜图像

注:A表示MC;B表示MC-0.1wt% LG;C表示MC-0.2wt% LG;D表示MC-0.3wt% LG;E表示MC-0.4wt% LG;F表示MC-0.5wt% LG;A1~F1表示放大倍数为40×;A2~F2表示放大倍数为100×。

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注:同一柱状图中的不同字母表示显著差异(P<0.05)。

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Viscosity and swelling of MC-LG complex polysaccharide solutions with different LG concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分粘度(mPa·s)膨胀率(%)
MC27266.67±251.66f11.23±0.21a
MC-0.1wt% LG29966.67±57.74e3.77±0.22d
MC-0.2wt% LG34500.00±100.00d3.45±0.13d
MC-0.3wt% LG36866.67±115.47c5.85±0.13c
MC-0.4wt% LG38766.67±57.74b7.59±0.22b
MC-0.5wt% LG40433.33±152.75a7.42±0.21b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881950882115976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同LG浓度的MC-LG复合多糖溶液的粘度和膨胀率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分粘度(mPa·s)膨胀率(%)
MC27266.67±251.66f11.23±0.21a
MC-0.1wt% LG29966.67±57.74e3.77±0.22d
MC-0.2wt% LG34500.00±100.00d3.45±0.13d
MC-0.3wt% LG36866.67±115.47c5.85±0.13c
MC-0.4wt% LG38766.67±57.74b7.59±0.22b
MC-0.5wt% LG40433.33±152.75a7.42±0.21b
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Bubble size parameters of MC-LG composite aqueous foams at different LG concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分气泡尺寸平均值(μm)气泡尺寸中位数(μm)
MC76.7070.48
MC-0.1wt% LG82.1670.13
MC-0.2wt% LG75.7564.78
MC-0.3wt% LG67.3461.01
MC-0.4wt% LG59.1151.64
MC-0.5wt% LG68.9660.23
), ArticleFig(id=1320881951049888138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同 LG 浓度下 MC-LG 复合水泡沫的气泡尺寸参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分气泡尺寸平均值(μm)气泡尺寸中位数(μm)
MC76.7070.48
MC-0.1wt% LG82.1670.13
MC-0.2wt% LG75.7564.78
MC-0.3wt% LG67.3461.01
MC-0.4wt% LG59.1151.64
MC-0.5wt% LG68.9660.23
), ArticleFig(id=1320881951167328651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Physical properties of MC-LG complex polysaccharide aerogels containing different LG concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分密度(g/cm3)硬度(g)孔隙度(%)孔体积(cm3/g)平均孔径(nm)
MC0.0561±0.0066e207.79±13.77f96.43±0.42a0.0109±0.0008c11.10±0.52c
MC-0.1wt% LG0.0663±0.0011d273.65±6.95e95.53±0.10b0.0138±0.0001a13.15±1.88bc
MC-0.2wt% LG0.0726±0.0013cd367.03±26.51d95.09±0.08b0.0125±0.0002b15.20±1.7ab
MC-0.3wt% LG0.0802±0.0045c542.62±22.48c94.58±0.30c0.0111±0.0006c18.00±0.57a
MC-0.4wt% LG0.0893±0.0062b593.98±9.59b93.96±0.42d0.0098±0.0002d14.22±1.03b
MC-0.5wt% LG0.0981±0.0030a878.60±16.46a93.37±0.21e0.0093±0.0001d14.85±0.72b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881951251214732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881938689274143, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

含有不同浓度LG的MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶的物理性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分密度(g/cm3)硬度(g)孔隙度(%)孔体积(cm3/g)平均孔径(nm)
MC0.0561±0.0066e207.79±13.77f96.43±0.42a0.0109±0.0008c11.10±0.52c
MC-0.1wt% LG0.0663±0.0011d273.65±6.95e95.53±0.10b0.0138±0.0001a13.15±1.88bc
MC-0.2wt% LG0.0726±0.0013cd367.03±26.51d95.09±0.08b0.0125±0.0002b15.20±1.7ab
MC-0.3wt% LG0.0802±0.0045c542.62±22.48c94.58±0.30c0.0111±0.0006c18.00±0.57a
MC-0.4wt% LG0.0893±0.0062b593.98±9.59b93.96±0.42d0.0098±0.0002d14.22±1.03b
MC-0.5wt% LG0.0981±0.0030a878.60±16.46a93.37±0.21e0.0093±0.0001d14.85±0.72b
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亚麻籽胶对甲基纤维素泡沫模板气凝胶孔隙结构和机械性能的调控作用
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覃海丽 1 , 赵巧丽 1, * , 张杰良 1 , 李瑞 1 , 汪卓 1 , 刘晓菲 1 , 宋兵兵 1 , 贾学静 1 , 钟赛意 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(16): 155-165
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (16) : 155 -165
亚麻籽胶对甲基纤维素泡沫模板气凝胶孔隙结构和机械性能的调控作用
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覃海丽1 , 赵巧丽1, * , 张杰良1, 李瑞1, 汪卓1, 刘晓菲1, 宋兵兵1, 贾学静1, 钟赛意1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省亚热带果蔬加工科技创新中心,广东湛江 524088
  • 2广东海洋大学深圳研究院,广东深圳 518108
通讯作者:
赵巧丽(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能因子稳态化,E-mail:。
钟赛意(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品功能因子开发与功效评价,E-mail:。
作者简介:

覃海丽(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品质量与安全,E-mail:

Modulation of Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Methylcellulose Foam Template Aerogel by Linseed Gum
Haili QIN1 , Qiaoli ZHAO1, * , Cheong Kit-Leong1, Rui LI1, Zhuo WANG1, Xiaofei LIU1, Bingbing SONG1, Xuejing JIA1, Saiyi ZHONG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  • 2Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080149
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本研究将不同浓度亚麻籽胶(Linseed gum,LG)和甲基纤维素(Methylcellulose,MC)混合,系统分析了LG浓度对复合多糖水泡沫性质的影响,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析等技术对复合多糖气凝胶(MC-LG)的微观形貌、孔隙结构、热稳定性和机械性能进行表征。结果表明,复合多糖溶液粘度随LG浓度(0.1wt%~0.5wt%)增加显著提高,而泡沫膨胀率呈先降低后升高趋势,并在0.4wt%时达到最大值(7.59%)。与纯MC水泡沫(76.40 μm)相比,MC-0.4wt% LG水泡沫气泡分布更加均匀,平均尺寸减小至59.11 μm,且储存48 h后仍保持较好的稳定性。扫描电镜和红外光谱分析表明,MC与LG分子间形成了氢键相互作用,且含0.4wt% LG的MC-LG气凝胶呈现较为均匀的蜂窝状多孔结构。机械性能结果显示,MC-0.4wt% LG气凝胶杨氏模量达到0.0982 MPa,显著高于单一MC气凝胶(0.0288 MPa),屈服强度和抗压强度也得到显著提升。综上所述,LG浓度为0.4wt%时,MC-LG气凝胶具有均匀致密的孔隙结构、良好的热稳定性和优异的机械性能,整体性能较为理想。本研究可为高性能多糖基气凝胶在食品和生物医药等领域的应用提供技术参考。

气凝胶  /  甲基纤维素  /  亚麻籽胶  /  泡沫模板法  /  孔隙结构  /  机械性能

In this study, different concentrations of Linseed gum (LG) and Methylcellulose (MC) were mixed, and the effects of LG concentration on the properties of composite polysaccharide water foam were systematically analyzed. The microstructure, pore structure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of composite polysaccharide aerogel (MC-LG) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the viscosity of complex polysaccharide solution increased significantly with the increase of LG concentration (0.1wt%~0.5wt%), while the foam expansion rate first decreased and then increased, and reached the maximum value (7.59%) at 0.4wt%. Compared with pure MC water foam (76.40 μm), the bubble distribution of MC-0.4wt% LG water foam was more uniform, and the average size was reduced to 59.11 μm, and it still maintained good stability after 48 h storage. Scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum analysis showed that hydrogen bond interaction was formed between MC and LG molecules, and MC-LG aerogel containing 0.4wt% LG presented a relatively uniform honeycomb porous structure. The results of mechanical properties showed that the Young's modulus of MC-0.4wt% LG aerogel reached 0.0982 MPa, which was significantly higher than that of single MC aerogel (0.0288 MPa), and the yield strength and compressive strength were also significantly improved. To sum up, when the concentration of LG was 0.4wt%, MC-LG aerogel had uniform and compact pore structure, good thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties, and the overall performance was ideal. This study can provide technical reference for the application of high-performance polysaccharide-based aerogels in food and biomedicine.

aerogel  /  methyl cellulose  /  linseed gum  /  foam template method  /  pore structure  /  mechanical properties
覃海丽, 赵巧丽, 张杰良, 李瑞, 汪卓, 刘晓菲, 宋兵兵, 贾学静, 钟赛意. 亚麻籽胶对甲基纤维素泡沫模板气凝胶孔隙结构和机械性能的调控作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 155 -165 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080149
Haili QIN, Qiaoli ZHAO, Cheong Kit-Leong, Rui LI, Zhuo WANG, Xiaofei LIU, Bingbing SONG, Xuejing JIA, Saiyi ZHONG. Modulation of Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Methylcellulose Foam Template Aerogel by Linseed Gum[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 155 -165 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080149
气凝胶作为一种新兴的纳米多孔固体材料,具有独特的三维网络结构、超高的孔隙率及优越的吸附性能[1],在药物缓释、食品新鲜度检测、油凝胶体系构建等多个领域展现出广阔的应用前景[2]。目前,常用的气凝胶制备方法包括水凝胶模板法和泡沫模板法。水凝胶模板法主要通过溶胶-凝胶过程使前驱体在催化剂作用下经水解缩聚反应形成三维网络结构,再经干燥去除溶剂制得气凝胶[3],然而,所得气凝胶通常存在机械强度低和弹性差等问题[4]。泡沫模板法通过将原料均匀分散并水化,再经高速充气形成稳定的水泡沫,后经快速预冻固定泡沫结构并借助冷冻干燥技术制得气凝胶。相较于水凝胶模板气凝胶,其具有孔隙结构可调控、机械韧性好、操作简单和高效环保的优势[5]。
在泡沫模板法制备气凝胶的过程中,基质材料的选择是调控其孔隙结构和机械性能的关键。天然生物聚合物尤其是多糖类物质,因其原料来源广泛、可再生且可生物降解等优势,成为当前的研究热点[6]。甲基纤维素(MC)是纤维素的醚衍生物,主要通过甲氧基取代羟基氢原子获得[7],具有良好的界面活性[8]和凝胶特性[9],可作为泡沫模板法制备气凝胶的理想基材。然而,团队前期研究发现,仅由单一甲基纤维素制备的水泡沫在冷冻过程中易出现气泡粗化现象,导致泡沫稳定性较差,所制备的气凝胶机械性能较差,整个体系容易坍塌,严重限制了其在食品和生物医药等领域的实际应用。因此,通过组分间的协同作用或结构调控等技术手段改善MC气凝胶的机械性能和孔隙结构,对于提升其实际应用价值至关重要。
近期研究表明,采用两种或两种以上多糖复合制备的气凝胶可以改善单一多糖基气凝胶的机械性能,稳定多孔网络结构并降低其亲水性[10]。如Zhang等[11]通过复合羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和海藻酸钠(SA),成功制备了基于黑枸杞花青素(BGA)的智能比色气凝胶。研究发现,当CMC/SA与BGA配比为1:2时,所形成的复合气凝胶呈现出均匀的孔径分布、较大的比表面积以及较高的机械强度。Wu等[12]以柑橘果胶(PC)为基材,纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)为增强剂,制备了PC/CNF复合气凝胶。与单一PC气凝胶相比,复合气凝胶的压缩应力和拉伸应力显著提高,并表现为较为致密的纤维网络结构及较大的孔径。亚麻籽胶是从亚麻籽中提取的一种多糖,其含量约占亚麻籽胶总重量的8%[13]。因其具有良好的粘性、保水性和凝胶特性,在食品工业中常被用作增稠剂、稳定剂和乳化剂[14]。Chen等[15]研究证实,适量添加亚麻籽胶可显著改善鱼糜凝胶的微观结构,同时增强其凝胶强度、质构特性和持水能力。然而,目前关于亚麻籽胶调控甲基纤维素泡沫模板气凝胶机械性能的研究尚未见系统报道,两者间的协同作用尚不明确。
基于此,本研究以甲基纤维素(MC)与亚麻籽胶(LG)为原料,采用泡沫模板法制备复合多糖气凝胶,重点探究LG浓度对复合多糖溶液性质及泡沫稳定性的影响规律,并系统阐明其在调控气凝胶微观结构、热稳定性与机械性能中的作用机制。研究旨在为优化多糖基气凝胶功能特性提供新策略,并为该类材料在食品、医药等领域的应用提供参考。
甲基纤维素(MC,40000 mPa·s) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;亚麻籽胶(LG) 北京库来博科技有限公司;溴化钾 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;其余试剂均为分析纯。
HH-8数显恒温水浴锅 常州国华电器有限公司;T18高速分散器 广州艾卡仪器设备有限公司;LGJ-10真空冷冻干燥机 北京松源华兴科技发展有限公司;DV2T LV旋转粘度计 美国Brookfield公司;XPH-25C热台偏光显微镜 上海普丹光学仪器有限公司;JSM IT800扫描电子显微镜 日本HITACHI公司;Autosorb-IQ全自动比表面积和孔隙率分析仪 美国康塔仪器公司;TA.XT plusC质构仪 英国Stable Micro Systems公司;BRUKER TENSOR-27傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 德国Bruker公司;SmartLab SE X射线衍射仪 日本Rigaku公司;STA 449 F3 Jupiter®同步热分析仪 德国NETZSCH公司。
准确称取1.6 g MC,溶于100 mL热水中,在70 ℃下持续搅拌至完全溶解,制备形成MC水溶液。随后,在相同温度的热水中分别加入1.6wt%的MC和不同浓度的LG(0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.3wt%、0.4wt%、0.5wt%),充分混合直至完全溶解,得到复合多糖水溶液。然后使用T18高速分散机对复合多糖水溶液以10000 r/min均质充气5 min得到水泡沫,接着将泡沫转移到6孔板模具中,进行预冻处理后经冷冻干燥72 h,最终制得复合多糖气凝胶。将所得到的气凝胶分别命名为MC-0.1wt% LG、MC-0.2wt% LG、MC-0.3wt% LG、MC-0.4wt% LG和MC-0.5wt% LG。
使用旋转粘度计测定MC-LG复合多糖水溶液的粘度。选取LV-03(63)转子,将其插入200 mL复合多糖水溶液中,调节转速为100 r/min,于室温下进行粘度测试,确保扭矩保持在仪器工作范围的10%~90%之间。
使用量筒测量初始多糖溶液的体积(V0),然后测量充气后的水泡沫的体积(V1)。水泡沫的膨胀率可通过公式(1)计算得出。
$\rm \text{膨胀率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{1}-{\text{V}}_{0}}{{\text{V}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:V0表示初始多糖溶液体积,mL;V1表示充气后水泡沫体积,mL。
将复合多糖水泡沫置于15 mL透明玻璃瓶中,通过拍摄水泡沫在储存0、0.3、0.6、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、12.0、24.0、48.0和72.0 h后的图像,根据气泡消失程度来评价水泡沫的稳定性。采用热台偏光显微镜在50×的放大倍数下观察复合多糖水泡沫的微观形态,借助Image J软件计算气泡的尺寸。
MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶的网络密度ρa(g/cm3)可通过公式(2)计算得出。
$\rm {\rho }_{a}=\frac{m}{v} $
式中:m表示MC-LG复合多糖气凝凝胶的质量,g;v表示MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶的体积,mL。
气凝胶中MC-LG复合多糖混合粉末的真实密度ρs(g/cm3)可通过公式(3)确定。
$\rm {\rho }_{s}=\frac{\text{M}}{{\text{M}}_{\text{h}}/{\rho }_{\text{h}}+{\text{M}}_{\text{x}}/{\rho }_{\text{x}}} $
式中:M表示多糖混合物的总质量,g;Mh和Mx分别表示两种不同多糖的质量,g;ρh和ρx分别表示两种不同多糖的密度,g/cm3。
MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶的孔隙率P(%)可通过公式(4)计算。
$ \text{P}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{a}}}}{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{s}}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:ρa表示复合多糖气凝胶的网络密度,g/cm3;ρs表示复合多糖混合粉末的真实密度,g/cm3。
采用全自动比表面积和孔隙率分析仪,以介孔模式对MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶样品进行测试。测试前,样品经105 ℃真空脱气处理6 h,随后进行氮气吸附-解吸实验,以评估其平均孔径和孔体积。
使用配备P/36R圆柱形探头的质构仪对MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶样品进行压缩测试,以评估其硬度。测试条件设定为:测前速率5 mm/s,测中速率2 mm/s,触发力5 g,压缩形变50%。
利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合多糖气凝胶样品的内部微观结构进行观察。将样品切割成适当大小的横截面薄片,固定于样品台后经溅射镀金处理。观察条件设定为加速电压10 kV,分别在40×和100×放大倍数下对气凝胶的横截面形貌进行表征。
使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对气凝胶样品进行化学结构表征。将气凝胶样品与溴化钾(KBr)粉末按1:100的质量比混合,研磨均匀压成透明薄片。将制备好的薄片置于红外光谱仪的样品室中,在4000~400 cm−1波数范围内进行光谱扫描,获取气凝胶的红外吸收光谱。
使用X射线衍射仪分析复合多糖气凝胶样品的结晶特性。测试条件为扫描范围10°~90°,扫描速率5°/min。
采用同步热分析仪对气凝胶样品的热稳定性进行表征。称取5.0 mg样品置于氧化铝坩埚中,在氮气环境下,以10 ℃/min的升温速率从30 ℃升温至800 ℃,实时监测样品的热失重行为。
利用配备P/36R圆柱形探头的质构仪对气凝胶的机械性能进行研究。将直径约为2 cm、高度约为2 cm的圆柱形气凝胶以3 mm/min的恒定压缩速率进行压缩,直至达到80%的应变。基于应力-应变曲线的初始线性阶段(0~8%应变范围),计算样品的杨氏模量。
所有实验均进行3次平行,结果以平均值±标准偏差的形式呈现。利用IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0软件对数据结果进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),并采用邓肯多重比较检验进行事后检验,以确定组间的显著性差异。P<0.05表示有统计学差异。采用Origin 2024软件进行绘图。
多糖水溶液的粘度与水泡沫的形成和稳定密切相关,通过调控多糖溶液的粘度可以改善水泡沫体系的稳定性,进而影响后续气凝胶的孔隙结构和机械性能[16]。由表1可知,纯MC水溶液的粘度仅为27266.67 mPa·s,较低的粘度导致溶液中的气泡迅速聚集融合,从而增加了气泡破裂的风险[17]。当向体系中引入亚麻籽胶后,复合多糖水溶液的粘度随着LG浓度的增加而显著升高,并在MC-0.5wt% LG形成的水溶液中达到最高值(40433.33 mPa·s)。高粘度的溶液能够在一定程度上延缓液膜排水过程,抑制气泡的聚集现象,同时有效防止膨胀过程中气泡的粗化,进而提升泡沫的稳定性。
膨胀率是评估气体截留效率或充气效果的重要指标[18]。一般来说,较高的膨胀率意味着体系能够更有效地截留并稳定气体,反映出更强的气体保持能力。与单一MC水溶液(膨胀率为11.23%)相比,引入0.1wt%~0.2wt% LG后,体系膨胀率下降至3.45%,这可能是由于低浓度LG分子渗透并填充到了MC网络结构的孔隙中,从而在一定程度上限制了空气的渗透,导致膨胀率降低。然而,当LG浓度增加至0.3wt%~0.5wt%时,膨胀率出现回升,并在LG浓度为0.4wt%时达到最大值(7.59%)。该现象表明,当LG浓度为0.4wt%时,体系能有效增强气-液界面膜的强度与稳定性,从而提升气体截留能力。而当LG浓度继续增至0.5wt%时,由于体系粘度过高,在充气过程中产生较大的能量耗散,不利于气泡的均匀分散与稳定,致使膨胀率略有下降。Suet等[19]在研究阿拉伯胶浓度对哈密瓜泥泡沫膨胀率的影响时也发现类似的现象,膨胀率在阿拉伯胶浓度为10%时达到最大值126.58%,而当阿拉伯胶浓度增加到15%时,则因体系粘度过高超出了泡沫可维持的最大空气体积,导致膨胀率显著下降至31.11%。
在运用泡沫模板法制备气凝胶的过程中,水泡沫的稳定性起着决定性作用。维持良好的泡沫稳定性不仅能够确保冷冻过程中泡沫结构的完整性,还将直接影响冷冻干燥后所得气凝胶的多孔结构[18]。图1显示了MC-LG复合多糖水泡沫在长期储存过程中稳定性的变化规律。结果表明,单一MC水泡沫的稳定性较差,静置2 h即出现分层现象,24 h内气泡几乎完全消失。当向MC体系中引入LG后,水泡沫体系的稳定性得到显著改善。具体地,在LG浓度为0.1wt%时,虽然体系的气泡尺寸较大且粘度较低,静置4 h后出现轻微分层,但其稳定性仍优于单一MC体系,储存12 h后才出现明显的气泡粗化现象。当LG浓度增加至0.2wt%和0.3wt%时,体系粘度的增加使气泡粗化延迟至24 h后才出现。随着LG浓度继续增加至0.4wt%和0.5wt%,水泡沫整体稳定性进一步提高,然而MC-0.5wt% LG水泡沫因粘度过高导致充气过程中能量耗散加剧,引发气泡聚集与合并,使其稳定性略低于MC-0.4wt% LG水泡沫。综合上述结果,MC-0.4wt% LG水泡沫呈现出最佳的气泡稳定性,在储存48 h内未观察到明显的分层现象。这种泡沫稳定性的提升主要源于LG和MC分子间的协同相互作用,该相互作用有效增强了水泡沫的气-液界面强度,并抑制了液膜层内的气体扩散,从而显著提高了泡沫的稳定性[16]。Zhu等[20]也报道了类似现象,纯羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)溶液的泡沫稳定性较差,其气泡在0.5 h内全部破裂,而加入黄原胶(WL)后,因HPMC和WL分子间的物理相互作用,泡沫稳定时间可延长至8 h。
借助泡沫模板法制备多糖气凝胶时,水泡沫的微观形态及尺寸分布是影响气凝胶网络结构和性能的主要因素,其中水泡沫的直径大小和分布情况与气凝胶的孔隙结构密切相关[21]。图2展示了含有不同浓度LG的MC-LG复合水泡沫的光学显微镜照片与尺寸分布,其对应的气泡尺寸参数汇总于表2。结果表明,不同体系水泡沫的气泡直径分布范围 为10~220 μm。其中,单一MC水泡沫的尺寸分布均匀性较差,其平均气泡尺寸为76.70 μm。与单一MC水泡沫相比,加入0.1wt% LG后气泡平均尺寸增加至82.16 μm,这可能是因为低浓度的LG加入MC水溶液后,混合体系的粘度仍相对较低,且LG分子的表面活性降低了体系表面张力。表面张力的降低使得气泡内部的压力减小,气泡更容易发生膨胀,最终导致气泡尺寸的增大[22]。随着LG浓度增至0.2wt%~0.4wt%,体系中的气泡尺寸呈现逐渐减小的趋势,这归因于LG分子通过增强气-水界面膜的粘弹性,从而有效抑制了气体从较小气泡向较大气泡的转移以及气泡的聚集[23]。其中,MC-0.4wt% LG水泡沫中的平均气泡尺寸最小,仅为59.11 μm。这一发现与Kubbutat等[24]的研究相似,山梨醇浓度从30%升至60%时,气泡尺寸(d50)从330 μm显著减小至33 μm。这是因为较高浓度的山梨糖醇通过增强界面吸附抑制气泡合并,从而获得较小的气泡尺寸。然而,当LG浓度继续增至0.5wt%,过高的体系粘度加剧了充气过程中的能量耗散,阻碍了气泡的有效分散并促进了合并,致使平均气泡直径增大至68.96 μm。综上所述,MC-0.4wt% LG水泡沫的气泡平均尺寸最小且分布最为均匀,充分证明了适当浓度的LG能够降低气-液界面张力,并通过增强界面膜粘弹性显著提升泡沫体系的稳定性,为后续冷冻干燥过程中形成理想的多孔网络结构奠定基础[16]。
气凝胶网络结构的宏观特性可以通过网络密度和硬度进行表征。如表3所示,MC气凝胶的网络密度为0.0561 g/cm3。随着LG的加入,气凝胶的网络密度显著(P<0.05)增加。具体地,当LG浓度从0.1wt%增加到0.5wt%时,复合多糖气凝胶的网络密度从0.0663 g/cm3增加至0.0981 g/cm3。值得注意的是,气凝胶的硬度变化趋势与网络密度的变化趋势相似,随着LG浓度的增加,复合多糖气凝胶的硬度逐渐从273.65 g增加到878.60 g。造成这种现象的原因可能是MC和LG之间存在氢键相互作用,促使气凝胶形成了更为致密的网络结构,进而使得气凝胶的网络密度和硬度都得到了提升[25]。
气凝胶的孔隙特征主要通过孔隙度、孔体积和平均孔径这三个关键参数表征。由表3可知,纯MC气凝胶的孔隙度为96.43%,引入LG后,MC与LG分子链间的相互作用显著增强,促使复合多糖气凝胶网络结构致密化,导致其孔隙度逐步降低至93.37%。此结果与Wang等[26]的报道一致,他们发现,纯玉米秸秆纤维素纳米晶体(CSCNC)气凝胶的孔隙率为96.01%,而随着淀粉(AS)含量的增加,CSCNC/AS气凝胶的孔隙率逐渐下降,这主要归因于淀粉与纤维素分子链之间的交联作用形成了更致密的内部结构。此外,纯MC气凝胶的孔体积为0.0109 cm3/g,平均孔径为11.10 nm。低浓度LG(0.1wt%~0.3wt%)的引入可能会使复合多糖气凝胶形成更多连通性的孔隙结构,即气凝胶内部拥有更多的孔隙空间,从而使孔体积增大;其中0.1wt% LG复合多糖气凝胶的孔体积达到最大值0.0138 cm3/g。然而,当LG浓度继续提升至0.4wt%~0.5wt%时,LG在气凝胶基质中所占的体积比例增加,形成了更为致密的网络结构,导致平均孔径和孔体积减小,但孔隙数量增多[27]。值得注意的是,MC-0.4wt% LG和MC-0.5wt% LG气凝胶的孔径分布相似,但MC-0.4wt% LG气凝胶显示出更小的平均孔径(14.22 nm)和更为均匀密集的孔隙结构。
通过扫描电子显微镜观察了不同浓度LG对复合多糖气凝胶微观结构的影响。如图3所示,所有样品均呈现出典型的多孔网络结构,其结构差异主要表现在孔隙分布均匀性和孔洞闭合程度方面。具体来看,纯MC气凝胶呈现出松散无序的孔结构,表明其结构稳定性较差,在受到外界作用时极易遭受损伤[28]。随着LG的加入,复合气凝胶的结构呈现出明显浓度依赖性的趋势:当LG浓度为0.1wt%~0.4wt%时,LG的加入促使气凝胶从无序结构向规则的蜂窝状多孔结构转变,且随着浓度提升,孔壁厚度逐渐增大,三维网络结构也更加致密[16]。其中,MC-0.4wt%LG复合多糖气凝胶由于分子间的均匀分布而展现出更均匀的孔隙分布和较为理想的三维网络结构[11]。然而,当LG浓度继续增加至0.5wt%时,复合多糖气凝胶的闭孔数量增加,部分闭合孔隙相互叠加,最终形成了不规则的层状堆叠结构。综上所述,当LG添加量为0.4wt%时,复合多糖气凝胶形成了具有均匀孔隙分布、结构较为理想的蜂窝状多孔网络。
傅里叶变换红外光谱能够根据特征吸收峰的特性揭示MC和LG的官能团组成和分子间相互作用[29]。含有不同浓度LG的MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶的红外光谱图如图4所示。从图4可以看出,单一MC气凝胶在3434 cm−1处的宽峰对应于O-H伸缩振动,在2925、1630和1068 cm−1处的特征吸收峰分别与C-H伸缩振动、O-H弯曲振动和C-O-C伸缩振动有关[30]。LG气凝胶在3430 cm−1处的宽峰与O-H伸缩振动有关,2931、1637和1031 cm−1处的特征吸收峰分别对应于C-H伸缩振动、O-H弯曲振动和C-O伸缩振动。与MC气凝胶和LG气凝胶相比,MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶保留了两者的特征吸收峰,但部分峰值发生了移动,其中,在3434 cm−1处的O-H伸缩振动峰红移至3430 cm−1,这表明氢键参与了气凝胶网络结构的形成[31]。此外,MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶在1630和1068 cm−1处的吸收峰也发生了轻微偏移,分别移动到1633和1065 cm−1,进一步表明LG通过氢键与MC发生相互作用[32]。这一相互作用通过提高多糖溶液粘度和泡沫液膜强度有效改善了泡沫的稳定性以及复合多糖气凝胶的孔隙结构[33]。图3扫描电镜图像所呈现均匀致密的蜂窝状多孔网络结构同样印证了氢键在调控气凝胶多孔结构形成中的关键作用。
X射线衍射图谱被广泛用于分析样品的结晶度并确定其非晶态或晶态特征[34]。如图5所示,MC气凝胶和MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶均显示出明显的特征衍射峰,表明其内部存在晶体结构。纯MC气凝胶在31.64°和45.36°(2θ)处显示出对应于纤维素I型(200)和(220)晶面的特征衍射峰。与纯MC气凝胶相比,添加0.1wt%~0.2wt% LG的复合多糖气凝胶在相应位置的衍射峰强度明显降低,表明结晶度下降;当LG浓度增至0.3wt%时,特征峰发生偏移且强度增强,暗示形成了更有序的晶体结构;而在0.4wt%~0.5wt% LG浓度下,衍射峰强度再次减弱,这表明MC和LG分子间的氢键相互作用对复合多糖气凝胶的晶体结构产生了影响。该现象与Zheng等[35]的报道相符,他们发现与蓝莓花青素-没食子酸复合物和越橘花青素-咖啡酸复合物相比,蓝莓花青素-没食子酸-海藻酸钠复合气凝胶和越橘花青素-咖啡酸-海藻酸钠复合气凝胶的XRD特征衍射峰明显减弱,这表明合成过程中分子间的强相互作用改变了复合材料的结晶度,导致结晶度下降。
通过热重曲线(TGA)和微熵热重(DTG)曲线对气凝胶的热稳定性和热力学降解行为进行了分析,以验证其在外界环境温度波动条件下的结构完整性[36]。如图6中的热失重曲线所示,所有样品在加热过程中均呈现出三个阶段的热降解过程[37]。初始降解阶段(30~145 ℃)样品质量减少主要归因于吸附水和其他松散结合在气凝胶基质中的挥发性物质的蒸发,这一阶段的质量损失范围在6.62%~15.7%之间。第二阶段(145~402 ℃)是气凝胶的主要热分解阶段。此阶段多糖的糖苷键发生降解[38],导致重量损失达25.36%~54.81%。其中纯MC气凝胶的质量损失最高,为54.81%。随着LG的引入及其浓度的增加(0.1wt%~0.4wt%),复合多糖气凝胶在该阶段的质量损失逐渐减少,表明MC和LG分子间的相互作用形成了更稳定的网络结构,从而显著提高了复合多糖气凝胶的热稳定性。其中,MC-0.4wt% LG复合多糖气凝胶的质量损失最低,仅为25.36%,表明了最佳的热稳定性。然而,MC-0.5wt% LG复合多糖气凝胶的质量损失(26.55%)略高于MC-0.4wt% LG复合多糖气凝胶,说明过高的LG浓度可能因局部聚集,从而在一定程度上削弱气凝胶的结构稳定性,使其在高温下更易发生分解。第三阶段始于402 ℃后,此阶段质量损失主要归因于高度热稳定性残留物的碳化和分解,最终导致灰分形成[39]。结合图7所示的微熵热重曲线分析进一步发现,复合多糖气凝胶的峰值强度(即最大失重速率)均低于纯MC气凝胶,说明其分解过程更为平缓,这可能是由于更致密的网络结构延缓了热分解的链式反应。同样地,Sohrabi等[40]研究发现,淀粉纳米颗粒的引入能显著改善纯壳聚糖纳米纤维气凝胶的热稳定性,这主要归因于其与壳聚糖分子链间增强的相互作用。综合热重分析结果表明,MC-0.4wt% LG复合多糖气凝胶在热降解阶段呈现最低的质量损失率,表明其网络结构在高温条件下具有较高的稳定性,难以被彻底分解,展现出优异的热稳定性。
气凝胶优异的机械性能可以显著提高其对外部机械损伤的抵抗力[41]。图8A显示了气凝胶样品的压缩应力-应变行为。由图可知,所有气凝胶样品的应力-应变曲线均表现出三个不同的阶段:在低应变水平(0~40%)阶段,曲线呈现出初始线性弹性特征,在这一阶段,气凝胶主要发生弹性变形,应力与应变呈线性关系。当进入中等应变(40%~60%)区间时,曲线出现塑性屈服平台。这一阶段对应着气凝胶孔隙结构的渐进坍塌,随着应变的增加,孔隙逐渐被压缩破坏。而在高应变区(60%~80%),应力呈现急剧增加的趋势。这表明在高应力作用下,气凝胶致密的网络骨架结构遭到破坏,进而导致应力急剧增加[42]。此外,与单一MC气凝胶相比,含有LG的复合多糖气凝胶在所有应变区间均表现出更高的应力水平。其中,MC-0.4wt% LG和MC-0.5wt% LG气凝胶的应力表现尤为突出,显示出更好的抗压能力。
杨氏模量是衡量材料在弹性变形过程中单位截面积应力-应变关系(σ/ε)的重要参数[43]。由图8B可知,单一MC气凝胶的杨氏模量为0.0288 MPa。随着LG浓度的增加,复合多糖气凝胶的杨氏模量均呈现浓度依赖性增加,具体表现为从0.1wt%的0.0982 MPa增加至0.5wt%的0.3084 MPa。此外,与单一MC气凝胶相比,图8C和图8D中复合多糖气凝胶的屈服强度和抗压强度也得到显著提高,当LG含量增加到0.5wt%,复合多糖气凝胶的屈服强度和抗压强度分别达到最高值0.0724 MPa和0.1748 MPa。上述结果表明,LG的引入通过增强分子间相互作用,构建了更致密的三维网络结构。类似地,Li等[44]发现,单宁酸能在壳聚糖-明胶复合体系中通过增强分子间相互作用,形成更稳定的交联网络,从而使该体系的杨氏模量、屈服强度和抗压强度分别显著提高至330.67 kPa、25.04 kPa和115.78 kPa。总体而言,0.4wt% LG的添加量在提升气凝胶机械性能和保持结构均匀性之间实现了最佳平衡,这一发现为开发高性能气凝胶材料提供了重要参考。
基于上述实验研究结果,图9系统阐述了基于泡沫模板法的MC气凝胶和MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶形成机理。整体而言,气凝胶的形成经历了从复合多糖水溶液到水泡沫,最终到气凝胶的转变过程,其中复合多糖水溶液和水泡沫的性质直接决定了最终气凝胶的性能表现。研究表明,纯MC溶液均质充气的泡沫尺寸分布均匀性差,导致MC气凝胶孔隙较大。LG的加入后显著提升了泡沫体系的稳定性并优化了孔隙结构的均匀性。在均质充气过程中,MC分子延伸并附着在空气-水界面上以产生气泡。同时,LG通过氢键与MC相互作用,在气泡周围形成一层内聚膜,该膜使气泡能够抵抗应力下的变形或破裂,从而保持泡沫结构的完整性[21]。在后续冷冻干燥过程中稳定的泡沫结构被完整保留,形成了气凝胶的多孔结构[17]。此外,LG的加入还通过增强分子间作用力显著提升了MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶的机械性能。
本研究成功采用泡沫模板法制备了MC-LG复合多糖气凝胶,系统探讨了LG浓度对复合多糖气凝胶孔隙结构与机械性能的调控规律。结果表明,与单一MC气凝胶相比,复合多糖气凝胶的各项性能均得到显著改善。其中,MC-0.4wt% LG复合多糖气凝胶表现出最佳的气泡稳定性和均匀致密的多孔网络结构,这一结构特性归因于MC与LG分子间的氢键相互作用。机械性能分析结果表明,0.4wt% LG的加入显著提升了复合多糖气凝胶的压缩应力和抗压性能。该研究阐明了多糖组分间的协同作用,改善了单一MC气凝胶的孔隙结构和机械性能,为高性能多糖基气凝胶材料在食品和生物医药等领域的应用提供了理论依据和技术支持。然而,本研究尚未系统评估复合多糖气凝胶在复杂环境下的长期稳定性。因此,后续研究可以进一步探索复合多糖气凝胶在不同应用场景下的性能表现,并结合应用需求优化制备工艺,以期推动其在食品和生物医药等领域的实际应用。

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2026年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080149
  • 接收时间:2025-08-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13
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    1广东海洋大学食品科技学院,广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室,广东省海洋生物制品工程实验室,广东省海洋食品工程技术研究中心,广东省亚热带果蔬加工科技创新中心,广东湛江 524088
    2广东海洋大学深圳研究院,广东深圳 518108

通讯作者:

赵巧丽(1990−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:功能因子稳态化,E-mail:。
钟赛意(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品功能因子开发与功效评价,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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