Article(id=1320881161774153744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080108, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754841600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852209752, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852209752, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852209752, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852209752, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=124, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881163359600657, articleId=1320881161774153744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Camellia oleifera Seed-Cake Crude Protein on the Gel Properties of Silver Carp Surimi, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the effect of Camellia oleifera seed-cake crude protein (COCP) on the gel properties of silver carp surimi, this study incorporated COCP at different concentrations and measured the gel’s water holding capacity, cooking loss, whiteness, texture profile, and chemical bond content. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to further examine the effects of COCP on the secondary structure and microstructure of the gel proteins. The addition of 1.5% COCP resulted in an optimal water holding capacity (81.12%±0.52%) and texture properties (hardness 3564.49±24.09 g; elasticity 0.92±0.01 mm; cohesiveness 0.72±0.02; and chewiness 2378.48±115.67 mJ). Also, the cooking loss rate (14.33%±0.88%) was the lowest. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the stability of the secondary structure of gel protein was enhanced by the addition of COCP. The hydrophobic interactions and total sulfhydryl content of the surimi gel were significantly increased with the addition of 1.5% COCP compared to pure surimi. This resulted in a more ordered microstructure and improved gel properties, although there was a slight decrease in whiteness. In conclusion, the addition of 1.5% COCP significantly improved the properties of the surimi gel.

, authors=Yufeng ZHENG1, Dandan YU1, Yiling LIU1, Chenxi ZHANG1, Zhaoyuan CHEN1, Yidong XIAO2, Ting HU1, *, authorsList=Yufeng ZHENG, Dandan YU, Yiling LIU, Chenxi ZHANG, Zhaoyuan CHEN, Yidong XIAO, Ting HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ting HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881164693389342, articleId=1320881161774153744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=油茶籽粕蛋白对白鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了明确油茶籽粕蛋白(Camellia oleifera seed-cake crude protein,COCP)对白鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响,本研究以不同添加量的COCP为变量,测定白鲢鱼糜凝胶持水性、蒸煮损失率、白度值、质构特性及化学键含量,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜进一步探究COCP对鱼糜凝胶蛋白质二级结构及微观结构的影响。研究结果表明:COCP添加量为1.5%时,鱼糜凝胶的持水性和质构特性均达到最佳水平,其中持水性为81.12%±0.52%,硬度为3564.49±24.09 g,弹性为0.92±0.01 mm,内聚性为0.72±0.02,咀嚼性为2378.48±115.67 mJ,同时蒸煮损失率降至最低,为14.33%±0.88%。COCP的添加增强了凝胶蛋白二级结构的稳定性。与纯鱼糜组相比,添加1.5%COCP后,鱼糜凝胶的疏水相互作用和总巯基含量显著增加(P<0.05),微观结构更加有序,凝胶性能显著提升,但此时白度值略有下降。综上所述,COCP添加量为1.5%时,可显著改善鱼糜凝胶的特性。

, authors=郑玉凤1, 喻丹丹1, 刘羿伶1, 张晨曦1, 陈兆媛1, 肖益东2, 胡婷1, *, authorsList=郑玉凤, 喻丹丹, 刘羿伶, 张晨曦, 陈兆媛, 肖益东, 胡婷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡婷, authorNote=

郑玉凤(2003−),女,本科,研究方向:鱼糜制品的加工及保鲜,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
胡婷(1988−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:鱼糜制品的加工及保鲜,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1JgtRjLFruloTw2wd2TlbA==, magXml=yzOYfGxdk5QiNgVF5W5ibA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=MhrvMgvKOLqyC2qWkm9JhQ==, pdfFileSize=3030306, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RkHvhbtbWZGqryTAXqck4g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ncFm9QlHtAXNxy5YmQ+ExA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881558987330428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2697173265@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881559079605118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, authorId=1320881558987330428, language=EN, stringName=Yufeng ZHENG, firstName=Yufeng, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang 438000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320881559142519679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, authorId=1320881558987330428, language=CN, stringName=郑玉凤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1黄冈师范学院生物与农业资源学院,经济林木种质改良与资源综合利用湖北省重点实验室,大别山特色资源开发湖北省协同创新中心,湖北黄冈 438000, bio={"content":"

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注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2~图5同。

, figureFileSmall=XoJNyyLEaJ5/4lcCtWwxfA==, figureFileBig=RkHvhbtbWZGqryTAXqck4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563051611048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different addition amounts of COCP on the whiteness value of silver carp surimi gel, figureFileSmall=ncoNmxHdmRrZFNnt/0ihpA==, figureFileBig=z1bTHKkGSUO/H+p9WExwCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563114525609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同添加量的COCP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶白度值的影响, figureFileSmall=ncoNmxHdmRrZFNnt/0ihpA==, figureFileBig=z1bTHKkGSUO/H+p9WExwCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563177440170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different addition amounts of COCP on chemical forces of silver carp surimi gel, figureFileSmall=fowsTXImLkaPG4EagP3gEg==, figureFileBig=VXTH/66O/84pn+wwC4cc7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563231966123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同添加量的COCP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶化学作用力的影响, figureFileSmall=fowsTXImLkaPG4EagP3gEg==, figureFileBig=VXTH/66O/84pn+wwC4cc7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563286492076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of different addition amounts of COCP on the content of total sulfhydryl groups of silver carp surimi gel, figureFileSmall=R+YV2zgo0YNbh398Hd1CYQ==, figureFileBig=w/DKMObNkBb13qPCgujkTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563353600941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同添加量的COCP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶总巯基含量的影响, figureFileSmall=R+YV2zgo0YNbh398Hd1CYQ==, figureFileBig=w/DKMObNkBb13qPCgujkTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563420709806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Infrared spectra of COCP gels with different additive amounts (a) and the content of protein secondary structure (b), figureFileSmall=Jpx9cpvWEif9Jf8a9iZ5cw==, figureFileBig=4jzOwHF8lx02cAgNBIZqaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563500401583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同添加量的COCP凝胶红外光谱(a)和蛋白质二级结构含量(b), figureFileSmall=Jpx9cpvWEif9Jf8a9iZ5cw==, figureFileBig=4jzOwHF8lx02cAgNBIZqaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563571704752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of different addition amounts of COCP on the microstructure of silver carp surimi gel, figureFileSmall=Bx3BNwV59wcoadej8TYfKA==, figureFileBig=bPW6cLhr8ZtW1FBCTCXeRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881563643007921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同添加量的COCP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶微观结构的影响

注:A~E分别表示COCP添加量为0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%。

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Effect of different addition amounts of COCP on the TPA characteristics of silver carp surimi gel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚力咀嚼性(mJ)
02743.11±22.58c0.89±0.01c0.67±0.01b1857.43±94.89d
0.53486.76±78.59a0.91±0.01ab0.68±0.03ab2057.71±87.35c
1.03524.97±27.13a0.91±0.01ab0.70±0.03ab2270.76±70.06ab
1.53564.49±24.09a0.92±0.01a0.72±0.02a2378.48±115.67a
2.03362.65±47.38b0.90±0.00bc0.70±0.01ab2170.13±11.85bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320881563798197171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同添加量的COCP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶TPA性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加量(%)硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚力咀嚼性(mJ)
02743.11±22.58c0.89±0.01c0.67±0.01b1857.43±94.89d
0.53486.76±78.59a0.91±0.01ab0.68±0.03ab2057.71±87.35c
1.03524.97±27.13a0.91±0.01ab0.70±0.03ab2270.76±70.06ab
1.53564.49±24.09a0.92±0.01a0.72±0.02a2378.48±115.67a
2.03362.65±47.38b0.90±0.00bc0.70±0.01ab2170.13±11.85bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320881563873694644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different addition amounts of COCP on the sensory evaluation of silver carp surimi gel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加量(%)外观(分)气味(分)弹性(分)滋味(分)总分(分)
017.125±0.354a7.500±0.535a22.500±0.926d24.750±0.707d71.875±1.126d
0.515.875±0.354b7.250±0.463a24.625±0.916c25.375±0.744c73.125±1.553c
1.015.250±0.463c7.375±0.518a26.250±0.463b26.375±0.518b75.250±0.886b
1.515.110±0.333c7.625±0.518a27.625±0.518a27.750±0.463a78.250±1.035a
2.010.375±0.518d7.500±0.535a25.750±0.463b27.250±0.463a70.875±0.641d
), ArticleFig(id=1320881563944997813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881161774153744, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同添加量的COCP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶感官品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加量(%)外观(分)气味(分)弹性(分)滋味(分)总分(分)
017.125±0.354a7.500±0.535a22.500±0.926d24.750±0.707d71.875±1.126d
0.515.875±0.354b7.250±0.463a24.625±0.916c25.375±0.744c73.125±1.553c
1.015.250±0.463c7.375±0.518a26.250±0.463b26.375±0.518b75.250±0.886b
1.515.110±0.333c7.625±0.518a27.625±0.518a27.750±0.463a78.250±1.035a
2.010.375±0.518d7.500±0.535a25.750±0.463b27.250±0.463a70.875±0.641d
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油茶籽粕蛋白对白鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响
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郑玉凤 1 , 喻丹丹 1 , 刘羿伶 1 , 张晨曦 1 , 陈兆媛 1 , 肖益东 2 , 胡婷 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(17): 124-130
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (17) : 124 -130
油茶籽粕蛋白对白鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响
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郑玉凤1 , 喻丹丹1, 刘羿伶1, 张晨曦1, 陈兆媛1, 肖益东2, 胡婷1, *
作者信息
  • 1黄冈师范学院生物与农业资源学院,经济林木种质改良与资源综合利用湖北省重点实验室,大别山特色资源开发湖北省协同创新中心,湖北黄冈 438000
  • 2武汉商学院食品科技学院,湖北武汉 430056
通讯作者:
胡婷(1988−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:鱼糜制品的加工及保鲜,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郑玉凤(2003−),女,本科,研究方向:鱼糜制品的加工及保鲜,E-mail:

Effects of Camellia oleifera Seed-Cake Crude Protein on the Gel Properties of Silver Carp Surimi
Yufeng ZHENG1 , Dandan YU1, Yiling LIU1, Chenxi ZHANG1, Zhaoyuan CHEN1, Yidong XIAO2, Ting HU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang 438000, China
  • 2College of Food Science and Technology, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080108
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为了明确油茶籽粕蛋白(Camellia oleifera seed-cake crude protein,COCP)对白鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响,本研究以不同添加量的COCP为变量,测定白鲢鱼糜凝胶持水性、蒸煮损失率、白度值、质构特性及化学键含量,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜进一步探究COCP对鱼糜凝胶蛋白质二级结构及微观结构的影响。研究结果表明:COCP添加量为1.5%时,鱼糜凝胶的持水性和质构特性均达到最佳水平,其中持水性为81.12%±0.52%,硬度为3564.49±24.09 g,弹性为0.92±0.01 mm,内聚性为0.72±0.02,咀嚼性为2378.48±115.67 mJ,同时蒸煮损失率降至最低,为14.33%±0.88%。COCP的添加增强了凝胶蛋白二级结构的稳定性。与纯鱼糜组相比,添加1.5%COCP后,鱼糜凝胶的疏水相互作用和总巯基含量显著增加(P<0.05),微观结构更加有序,凝胶性能显著提升,但此时白度值略有下降。综上所述,COCP添加量为1.5%时,可显著改善鱼糜凝胶的特性。

油茶籽粕蛋白  /  白鲢鱼糜  /  凝胶特性  /  微观结构

To clarify the effect of Camellia oleifera seed-cake crude protein (COCP) on the gel properties of silver carp surimi, this study incorporated COCP at different concentrations and measured the gel’s water holding capacity, cooking loss, whiteness, texture profile, and chemical bond content. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to further examine the effects of COCP on the secondary structure and microstructure of the gel proteins. The addition of 1.5% COCP resulted in an optimal water holding capacity (81.12%±0.52%) and texture properties (hardness 3564.49±24.09 g; elasticity 0.92±0.01 mm; cohesiveness 0.72±0.02; and chewiness 2378.48±115.67 mJ). Also, the cooking loss rate (14.33%±0.88%) was the lowest. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the stability of the secondary structure of gel protein was enhanced by the addition of COCP. The hydrophobic interactions and total sulfhydryl content of the surimi gel were significantly increased with the addition of 1.5% COCP compared to pure surimi. This resulted in a more ordered microstructure and improved gel properties, although there was a slight decrease in whiteness. In conclusion, the addition of 1.5% COCP significantly improved the properties of the surimi gel.

Camellia oleifera seed-cake crude protein  /  silver carp surimi  /  gel properties  /  microstructure
郑玉凤, 喻丹丹, 刘羿伶, 张晨曦, 陈兆媛, 肖益东, 胡婷. 油茶籽粕蛋白对白鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 124 -130 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080108
Yufeng ZHENG, Dandan YU, Yiling LIU, Chenxi ZHANG, Zhaoyuan CHEN, Yidong XIAO, Ting HU. Effects of Camellia oleifera Seed-Cake Crude Protein on the Gel Properties of Silver Carp Surimi[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 124 -130 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080108
鱼糜制品是水产加工领域的重要品类,具有营养价值高、低脂味美、食用便捷等特点[1]。白鲢鱼是我国淡水鱼养殖产量最高的品种之一,凭借其来源广泛、成本低廉的优势,成为鱼糜制品加工的重要原料。白鲢鱼糜是以白鲢鱼为主要原料,经过一系列加工处理后得到的糜状鱼肉制品,是许多鱼糜制品的生产原料,其质量直接影响鱼糜制品的品质。多项研究表明白鲢鱼糜存在许多固有缺陷[2],加工过程中易发生蛋白变性[3],严重制约了其加工生产路径的开发。
油茶籽,又称山茶籽,是油茶树(Camellia oleifera)的果实。2020年,中国油茶总种植面积为446万 hm2,油茶籽产量达到314万吨[4]。而油茶籽粕(Camellia oleifera seed-cake,COS)作为油茶籽经榨油后的副产物,产率占其自身总量77%以上[5],但其综合利用率不足30%,主要用于低端饲料或肥料[6],这造成了资源的极大浪费。COS富含蛋白质(含量可达30%~40%)、膳食纤维、多酚等功能性成分[7],其中油茶籽粕蛋白(COCP)氨基酸组成较为均衡,必需氨基酸含量丰富,具有良好的凝胶性、乳化性和持水性等功能特性[8]。植物蛋白能够改善鱼糜加工过程中凝胶易劣化、持水性低等缺陷,提高鱼糜制品的品质。目前已有研究表明大豆蛋白[9−10]、小麦蛋白[11]等植物蛋白,可改良鱼糜制品凝胶品质,但以COCP为鱼糜制品添加物的研究尚未见相关报道。
本研究以COCP和白鲢鱼糜作为实验研究对象。在前期实验中,利用碱溶酸沉法从COS中提取蛋白质,并按不同添加量(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)与白鲢鱼糜混合制备凝胶,后期通过探究鱼糜凝胶的持水性、蒸煮损失率等宏观品质指标以及化学作用力、蛋白质二级结构等分子作用机制和微观结构特征,确定改善鱼糜凝胶特性的COCP最佳添加量。该研究不仅能将COCP开发为新型食品添加剂,实现COS资源的高值化开发,还为推动白鲢鱼糜制品深度加工奠定理论基础。
冷冻鱼糜(AAA级白鲢鱼) 洪湖市井力水产食品有限公司;COS 麻城市五林油茶专业合作社;氢氧化钠、盐酸、溴化钾、福林酚 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;三氨基甲烷、乙二胺四乙酸、2.5%戊二醛磷酸缓冲液、乙酸异戊酯 上海创赛科技有限公司。
Nicolet6700傅里叶红外光谱仪 赛默飞世尔科技分子光谱部;722S可见分光光度计 上海菁华科技仪器有限公司;CR-10色差计 柯尼卡美能达公司;HR7625食物调理机 中国香港飞利浦家庭电器有限公司;TMS-PRO质构仪 美国FTC公司;蔡司sigma300扫描电子显微镜 德国卡尔·蔡司股份公司。
在料液比为1:20(g/mL)的条件下,用NaOH(1 mol/L)溶液调节含粉碎过筛(80目)后COS溶液的pH至10,置于50 ℃磁力搅拌1 h获得蛋白提取液[12−13],在提取液中加入双氧水(体积分数为4%),继续搅拌1 h进行脱色处理[14],经离心(4000 r/min、20 min)后向上清液中加入盐酸(1 mol/L)调节pH到4.5,二次离心(4000 r/min、20 min)后收集试管底部沉淀,依次采用无水乙醇和重蒸水洗涤,随后置于冷冻干燥机中干燥处理,获得COCP。通过Lowry法测定COCP中蛋白质含量为71.80%±0.04%。
称取白鲢鱼糜5份(200 g/份),使用食物调理机慢速空斩1 min,接着加入白鲢鱼糜重量2.5%的食盐快速盐斩30 s,再以白鲢鱼糜质量为基准分别添加不同比例COCP(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%),并调节含水量至80%,继续斩拌30 s后灌肠,经恒温煮制(40 ℃ 1 h,90 ℃ 30 min)后迅速放入冰水冷却20 min。
称取3 g切成薄片的凝胶样品(W1),将其用双层滤纸包裹后在4 ℃下进行离心(3500 r/min、15 min),待离心后复称脱水凝胶重量(W2),最后按照吴芳等[15]的公式计算。
$\rm 持水性(\text{%})= \frac{{W}_{2}}{{W}_{1}}\times 100 $
将鱼糜凝胶切成0.5 cm厚度的薄片,并称取3 g样品(M1)放入蒸煮袋密封,在90 ℃的条件下煮制30 min后进行复称(M2),最后按照郑赵敏等[16]的公式进行计算。
$\rm 蒸煮损失率(\text{%})= \frac{{M}_{1}-{M}_{2}}{{M}_{1}}\times 100 $
将鱼糜凝胶切成3 cm厚的圆柱状,并用CR-10色差计测定亮度值(L*)、红度值(a*)和黄度值(b*),最后按照郑赵敏等[16]的公式进行计算。
$ {\mathrm{W}}= 100-\sqrt{{(100-{L}^{\text{*}})}^{2}+{a}^{\text{*}2}+{b}^{\text{*}2}} $
参照Liang等[17]方法略作修改,将凝胶制样切成厚度为2 cm的圆柱体,利用TMS-PRO质构仪测定鱼糜凝胶的各项指标,选用P/5R探头,设定参数:检测前速度5 mm/s、检测中速度0.5 mm/s、检测后速度0.5 mm/s,每个样品平行测定不少于8次。
根据胡曼子等[18]的感官分析评分表,选取10位食品专业同学分别对添加不同含量COCP的鱼糜凝胶制品进行感官评价。
称取 2 g 凝胶样品,分别与A、B、C、D液混合(按吴芳等[15]的方式进行制备),均质,常温放置 2 h,4 ℃ 下8000 r/min离心 15 min。最终用Lowry法测定上层清液中蛋白质含量[19],将待测样液在750 nm处所得吸光值代入牛血清蛋白标曲(Y=0.1131X+0.009 R2=0.97)进行计算,得到各样液中蛋白质含量。各化学作用力用蛋白质在各溶液中溶解的含量差表示:离子键:B-A;氢键:C-B;疏水相互作用:D-C。
按胡熠等[20]的方法,并略作修改。配制缓冲液依据吴芳等[15]的方法。样品与缓冲液比例为1:10,将均质后的样品在常温条件下搅拌2 h后,随后在11000 r/min(4 ℃)的条件下离心15 min。按照上清液与DTNB(10 mmol/L)比例为10:1进行混合,置于40 ℃下水浴25 min使其充分反应,反应结束后在412 nm条件下测定吸光度,总巯基含量按公式计算:
$\rm 总巯基含量(nmol\cdot mg^{-1}pro)= \frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{412 nm}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{空白}}}{{13600\times \rho}}\times 11\times 10 ^{6} $
式中,ρ为蛋白溶液质量浓度,mg·mL−1;13600为巯基摩尔消光系数,L·mol−1·cm−1;11为稀释倍数;A空白为缓冲液与DTNB混合反应后的空白体系吸光度。
按Zhou等[21]的方法,并略作修改。取1~2 mg经冷冻干燥处理后的凝胶样品与100 mg置于120 ℃下干燥后的溴化钾研磨均匀,压片后用FTIR对样品进行光谱扫描。扫描条件为:分辨率4 cm−1,扫描次数64,波数4000~500 cm−1。利用 OMNIC 8.2 软件对红外光谱曲线进行平滑处理,之后利用 Peak Fit Version 4.12 软件去卷积,计算各二级结构的相对百分比。
参考李雨琦[22]的实验方法处理样品。用冷冻干燥机干燥样品后,将其固定在扫描电镜样品台上,表面喷金后进行观察。扫描电镜加速电压5 kV。
若无特殊说明实验均重复三次,绘图软件采用Excel 2021、Origin 2021,SPSS Statistics 26软件进行ANOVA单因素方差分析。
如图1(a)所示,随COCP添加量的增加,鱼糜凝胶的持水性呈现先升后降的趋势,而蒸煮损失率则呈先降后升趋势(图1(b))。在1.5%添加量时,持水性达到最高的同时蒸煮损失率最低,相较空白组均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。这可能是由于COCP和肌原纤维蛋白能各自形成独特的网络结构,并能相互交织在一起形成刚性更强的网状结构[23],减少水分流失。这种结构能够让鱼糜凝胶更好地保持水分[24],减少蒸煮时水分和可溶性物质的流失,降低蒸煮损失率;但当体系内COCP超过一定限度时,可能会破坏鱼糜凝胶内部的网络结构,阻碍肌原纤维蛋白(MP)的交联[25],使鱼糜凝胶持水能力变弱,蒸煮损失率升高。
外源添加物本身的色泽会影响凝胶制品外观[26]。而视觉特征是评价鱼糜制品品质的核心,色泽变化直接关系到产品的可接受程度[27−28]。COCP添加量对白度值的影响见图2。与空白组相比,添加COCP的实验组白度值均出现显著降低趋势(P<0.05)。这一现象归因于COCP本身可能含有较多色素类物质,未脱色前呈现棕褐色,脱色后呈现浅橙色,当其添加到白鲢鱼糜中,这些色素会吸收部分可见光导致凝胶制品白度值降低[29]。
从表1可以看出,随着COCP添加量的增加,鱼糜凝胶的硬度、弹性、内聚力和咀嚼性均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,在添加量为1.5%时达到最大值,相较空白组具有显著性差异(P<0.05),与添加量为1.0%的实验组差异不显著(P>0.05),其主要原因是适量COCP能够较均匀地填充到鱼糜凝胶网络结构的空隙中,提高三维网络结构的致密性,从而使鱼糜凝胶硬度、弹性、内聚力和咀嚼性变大[30]。当添加量超过1.5%,硬度、弹性和咀嚼性又出现显著下降趋势(P<0.05),这是因为COCP浓度超过一定限度,阻碍MP的交联,破坏鱼糜凝胶的三维网络结构[25],使得鱼糜凝胶TPA性能整体下降。
表2表明,相比空白组,当COCP添加量为0.5%~1.5%时,鱼糜凝胶感官品质中的弹性和滋味指标得分均表现为显著增加趋势(P<0.05),但当添加量超过1.5%时弹性得分出现显著下降(P<0.05),这一结果与TPA中弹性指标变化结果相符。相较空白组,外观得分呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),而气味得分无显著性变化(P>0.05)。弹性与滋味得分逐渐增大是由于COCP具有良好的持水性和乳化性,在鱼糜体系起到防止脂肪聚集和析出的作用[31],减少凝胶内部的缺陷和空隙,增大凝胶弹性,从而提升凝胶弹性得分;而鱼糜凝胶口感滋味与凝胶弹性相关,弹性越好,咀嚼口感紧实均匀,滋味释放更充分,因此滋味得分增大。但若体系中COCP含量超过一定限度,阻碍MP之间的相互靠近和交联,导致蛋白分子之间的交联结构变得松散[32],使得凝胶弹性得分显著下降(P<0.05)。同时由于COCP自身颜色较深,使得凝胶外观得分随添加量的增多而下降。综合上述结果使得总分在添加量为1.5%时最大。
图3表明,随COCP的添加,鱼糜凝胶中离子键和氢键水平相较空白组没有显著变化(P>0.05),而疏水相互作用呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在添加量为1.5%时最大。这可能是因为:当适量添加COCP时,外源添加蛋白在凝胶体系中会发生构象变化,内部疏水基团逐渐暴露,使疏水相互作用含量上升显著高于空白组(P<0.05),通常表现为鱼糜凝胶的硬度、弹性增大[33],这与TPA性能研究结果一致。而当COCP添加量过多时,难以形成均匀网络,引起疏水相互作用减弱,导致形成的凝胶网络结构稳定性较差,凝胶强度也显著降低[34]。
如图4所示,随着COCP添加量的增加,混合溶液中总巯基含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,在COCP添加量为 1.5%时达到最大。这可能是因为适量的COCP使白鲢鱼糜肌球蛋白三级结构发生变化,促使蛋白分子变性展开,从而暴露出更多的巯基,使总巯基被检测的可能性增大[35]。然而,过量添加COCP,会导致体系中已经暴露的巯基被再次包埋于致密网络结构中,导致总巯基有效检出量降低,最终引起总巯基含量的显著下降(P<0.05)。
图5(a)显示,添加COCP的实验组并未出现新特征峰或特征峰位移等现象,说明体系内未形成新物质,由于酰胺I带对蛋白质二级结构更为敏感,所以将其作为主要研究目标,确定ɑ-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规则卷曲的变化[36]。图5(b)为鱼糜凝胶蛋白质二级结构相对含量的变化。结果显示COCP添加量为1.5%的实验组β-折叠相对含量显著高于空白组(P<0.05),无规则卷曲和ɑ-螺旋相对含量较空白组显著降低(P<0.05)。各组间β-转角相对含量无显著性变化(P>0.05)。依据Walayat[37]研究,出现这一现象可归因于所添加的外源蛋白与MP产生相互作用,使ɑ-螺旋相对含量减少,促使MP展开,形成的β-折叠相互作用增强,使得凝胶品质提升。同时严浩[33]研究表明β-折叠的含量与肉制品硬度呈正相关,这一结果与前文TPA性能结果相符,均表明在COCP添加浓度为1.5%时凝胶品质有所提升。
凝胶内部的有序程度与结构性能呈正相关[38]。如图6呈现的结果所示,随着COCP的添加,鱼糜凝胶内部有序程度逐渐增大,网络结构更致密、孔径更小(如图6(A)~(D)),说明适量添加COCP能填充鱼糜凝胶空间网络孔洞,使得凝胶基质密度增大[27],促进致密凝胶结构的形成。但当添加量超过一定限度,内部结构无序性增大,这是因为COCP具有良好的乳化能力,可乳化MP,当MP被乳化过多,可参与形成凝胶网络的 MP 则相对减少,故此凝胶网络孔洞变大[39]。
本研究探讨了添加COCP对白鲢鱼糜凝胶性质的影响。添加1.5%COCP后鱼糜凝胶持水性以及蒸煮损失率均有所改善,这可能是由于COCP和MP共同形成更致密的网络结构,减少了水分流失。当COCP添加量为1.0%和1.5%时,鱼糜凝胶的弹性、硬度、内聚力和咀嚼性均显著提升,与感官评价结果一致,这是因为适量COCP能较均匀地填充到鱼糜凝胶网络空隙中,提高三维网络结构的致密性。此外,COCP中含有的色素导致鱼糜凝胶白度有所下降。从作用机制层面来看,添加1.5%COCP使鱼糜凝胶的疏水相互作用和总巯基含量显著提高,说明外源添加蛋白在凝胶体系中会发生构象变化,使内部疏水基团暴露,同时促使体系中蛋白分子变性展开,暴露出更多巯基,增大总巯基被检测的可能性。红外光谱结果显示添加COCP后未出现新特征峰,但二级结构分析表明,相较于空白组,添加1.0%和1.5%COCP时,β-折叠含量显著上升,无规则卷曲减少,提升了蛋白二级结构稳定性。微观结构观察也证实,COCP填充使凝胶结构更加均匀致密。综上,在0%~2.0%的添加范围内,1.5%COCP可使鱼糜凝胶展现出最佳的凝胶特性,其疏水相互作用和总巯基含量最大,微观结构最为致密均匀。因此,适量添加COCP能有效改善白鲢鱼糜凝胶品质,为其凝胶特性改良提供理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第17期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080108
  • 接收时间:2025-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11
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    1黄冈师范学院生物与农业资源学院,经济林木种质改良与资源综合利用湖北省重点实验室,大别山特色资源开发湖北省协同创新中心,湖北黄冈 438000
    2武汉商学院食品科技学院,湖北武汉 430056

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胡婷(1988−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:鱼糜制品的加工及保鲜,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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