Article(id=1320882424771367922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754841600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852510874, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852510874, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852510874, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852510874, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=289, endPage=297, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882425115300851, articleId=1320882424771367922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation Optimization and Structural Characterization of Octenylsuccinated Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, highly oil-absorbing deacetylated konjac glucomannan octenyl succinate gel (DK-OS) was prepared using deacetylated konjac glucomannan gel (DK-G) as the raw material and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) as the esterifying agent. The Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of four factors (reaction temperature, pH, DK-G concentration, and OSA and DK-G mass ratios [mOSA/mDK-G]) on the degree of substitution (DS) and oil absorption capacity (OAC) of DK-OS. To optimize the process conditions, DK-OS with high OAC and DS was prepared under optimal conditions. The DK-OS was further characterized via infrared spectroscopy, crystalline structure analysis, hydrophobicity assessment, and microscopic morphology. The influence of the four factors on the OAC of DK-OS followed the order of mOSA/mDK-G>pH>reaction temperature>DK-G concentration, whereas the order of influence on DS was mOSA/mDK-G>DK-G concentration>pH>reaction temperature. The optimal conditions for the esterification process were 39 °C, pH8.5, 2% DK-G concentration, mOSA/mDK-G=1.9, and 4 h reaction time. Under these conditions, the resulting DK-OS exhibited a DS of 0.0623±0.0002 and an OAC of 53.88±0.02 g/g. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the peak intensity of DK-OS at 1727 cm−1 (associated with the ester group) was enhanced after esterification. Additionally, methylene stretching vibration peaks and carboxylate asymmetric stretching vibration peaks were observed at 2926, 2857, and 1566 cm−1, respectively. Notably, the pores that developed on the microstructural surface of DK-OS exhibited increased roughness, whereas the crystal form of the esterified product remained unchanged. The hydrophobic angle increased significantly from 61.5° to 105.3°, thereby reflecting a marked enhancement in surface hydrophobicity. This study provides a technical reference for the development of high-oil-absorption dietary fibers.

, authors=Junhan LI, Manman LU, Haoyuan WANG, Zhilong ZENG, Yijia LI, Xiong LIU*, authorsList=Junhan LI, Manman LU, Haoyuan WANG, Zhilong ZENG, Yijia LI, Xiong LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiong LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882430966353935, articleId=1320882424771367922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=辛烯基琥珀酸-脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖酯的制备工艺优化及结构表征, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖凝胶颗粒(deacetylated konjac glucomannan gel,DK-G)为原料,辛烯基琥珀酸酐(octenyl succinic anhydride,OSA)为酯化剂,制备高吸油性辛烯基琥珀酸脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖酯材料(deacetylated konjac glucomannan octenyl succinate gel,DK-OS)。采用Box-Behnken试验设计研究反应温度、pH、DK-G浓度、OSA与DK-G质量比(mOSA/mDK-G)4个因素对DK-OS取代度和吸油率的影响,优化工艺条件,随后在最佳条件下制备高吸油率和取代度的DK-OS,并对该材料进行红外光谱、结晶结构、疏水性及微观形貌表征。结果表明,4个因素对DK-OS吸油率的影响大小顺序为mOSA/mDK-G>pH>反应温度>DK-G浓度,对取代度的影响大小顺序为mOSA/mDK-G>DK-G浓度>pH>反应温度,酯化最佳工艺为:反应温度39 ℃,pH8.5,DK-G浓度2%,mOSA/mDK-G=1.9,反应时间4 h,在此条件下获得的DK-OS取代度为0.0623±0.0002,吸油率为53.88±0.02 g/g。红外光谱结果表明DK-OS在1727 cm−1(酯基)处峰强度增强,同时在2926、2857、1566 cm−1处出现亚甲基拉伸振动峰和羧酸盐不对称伸缩振动峰;同时观察到DK-OS微观结构表面有孔洞形成且变粗糙,但酯化物晶型未受影响;酯化后其水接触角从61.5°增加至105.3°,表面疏水性明显增加。该研究可为高吸油性膳食纤维的制备提供技术参考。

, authors=李筠涵, 鲁嫚嫚, 王豪缘, 曾志龙, 李怡佳, 刘雄*, authorsList=李筠涵, 鲁嫚嫚, 王豪缘, 曾志龙, 李怡佳, 刘雄, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘雄, authorNote=

李筠涵(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品化学与营养学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘雄(1970−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品化学与营养学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=4Ap/yyPbB/hR2h9lqmZlsA==, magXml=E8aMPPwdLOt6CHoePYcI3g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bKhs0XM3QIbOMPdgCsfk5w==, pdfFileSize=4009813, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=rrnLh0qhzmHVLnjQjMDXFw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=sBdmueHToZhnQj1VYeF0Dw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882432769904660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15123191629@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882432891539478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, authorId=1320882432769904660, language=EN, stringName=Junhan LI, firstName=Junhan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320882432979619863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, authorId=1320882432769904660, language=CN, stringName=李筠涵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=西南大学食品科学学院,重庆 400715, bio={"content":"

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Heliyon, 2022, 8(5): e09523., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882431222206480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882431230595089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, companyId=1320882431222206480, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882431243178002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, companyId=1320882431222206480, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南大学食品科学学院,重庆 400715)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882439510151230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of temperature on the OAC and DS of DK-OS, figureFileSmall=24ViPvEl9Zsc59YCPD0maw==, figureFileBig=rrnLh0qhzmHVLnjQjMDXFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882439753420863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图1, caption=温度对DK-OS吸油率和取代度的影响

注:不同大写字母表示吸油率在P<0.05水平差异显著;不同小写字母表示取代度在P<0.05水平差异显著,图2~图5同。

, figureFileSmall=24ViPvEl9Zsc59YCPD0maw==, figureFileBig=rrnLh0qhzmHVLnjQjMDXFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882440198017088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of pH on the OAC and DS of DK-OS, figureFileSmall=sY21V0wVuGfgU1KcPUFNqw==, figureFileBig=Ybc1w5UIHsd/Q5YZTqBN3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882441741520961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图2, caption=pH对DK-OS吸油率和取代度的影响, figureFileSmall=sY21V0wVuGfgU1KcPUFNqw==, figureFileBig=Ybc1w5UIHsd/Q5YZTqBN3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882441837989954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of time on the OAC and DS of DK-OS, figureFileSmall=0j17PEhZILxSDL1NJbGSxA==, figureFileBig=eb2VblRgvWHEC18PNl80sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882441980596291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图3, caption=时间对DK-OS吸油率和取代度的影响, figureFileSmall=0j17PEhZILxSDL1NJbGSxA==, figureFileBig=eb2VblRgvWHEC18PNl80sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882442374860868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of DK-G concentration on the OAC and DS of DK-OS, figureFileSmall=+UNJqwwpKCwv6BEi8ITaAQ==, figureFileBig=hLwIA9OTAVSgSY7KmYGhkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882442488107077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图4, caption=DK-G浓度对DK-OS吸油率和取代度的影响, figureFileSmall=+UNJqwwpKCwv6BEi8ITaAQ==, figureFileBig=hLwIA9OTAVSgSY7KmYGhkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882442592964678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of mOSA/mDK-G ratios on the OAC and DS of DK-OS, figureFileSmall=6rAQrwVLE/glMIiVnejTfA==, figureFileBig=3WpoztFAyOyWW05LGhRccg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882442714599495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图5, caption=mOSA/mDK-G比例对DK-OS吸油率和取代度的影响, figureFileSmall=6rAQrwVLE/glMIiVnejTfA==, figureFileBig=3WpoztFAyOyWW05LGhRccg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882442790096968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of the interactions of various factors on the OAC of DK-OS, figureFileSmall=tpbl2nzrZqu7QDqrLFIO6Q==, figureFileBig=Q1ofWQAuqMUsUNvg3vcCbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882442894954569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各因素交互作用对DK-OS吸油率的影响

注:A. pH和温度;B. DK-G浓度和温度;C. mOSA/mDK-G和温度;D. DK-G浓度和pH、E. mOSA/mDK-G和pH、F mOSA/mDK-G和DK-G浓度;图7同。

, figureFileSmall=tpbl2nzrZqu7QDqrLFIO6Q==, figureFileBig=Q1ofWQAuqMUsUNvg3vcCbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443012395082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of the interactions of various factors the DS of DK-OS, figureFileSmall=5ALsfABYlEu7YT0G/BHPSg==, figureFileBig=OphBjN8kLTkUeV6wxpYP/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443092086859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各因素交互作用对DK-OS取代度的影响, figureFileSmall=5ALsfABYlEu7YT0G/BHPSg==, figureFileBig=OphBjN8kLTkUeV6wxpYP/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443175972940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=State of DK-OS after the oil absorption, figureFileSmall=c7ADRsZWRmyCKm2XevKDpw==, figureFileBig=y1NiGgHtk5dIQUKnUy9DNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443251470413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图8, caption=DK-OS吸油后状态

注:a为离心前;b为离心后。

, figureFileSmall=c7ADRsZWRmyCKm2XevKDpw==, figureFileBig=y1NiGgHtk5dIQUKnUy9DNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443343745102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=FTIR spectra of DK-G, DK-OS and OSA, figureFileSmall=2haAeCNb74niHM2LtE6oxw==, figureFileBig=d5zVcicKMJEhxoDhXBKGWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443427631183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图9, caption=DK-G、DK-OS、OSA的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=2haAeCNb74niHM2LtE6oxw==, figureFileBig=d5zVcicKMJEhxoDhXBKGWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443511517264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=SEM images of DK-G and DK-OS, figureFileSmall=/h6TbMZbWxz1OcM85mYU9w==, figureFileBig=3W/fG8D6ZtfTiTlMX0qg3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443603791953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图10, caption=DK-G和DK-OS的扫描电镜图

注:a、c为放大300×;b、d为放大1000×。

, figureFileSmall=/h6TbMZbWxz1OcM85mYU9w==, figureFileBig=3W/fG8D6ZtfTiTlMX0qg3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443721232466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=XRD patterns of DK-G and DK-OS, figureFileSmall=dRVLMAVt2xCcEVCN7yo+4A==, figureFileBig=7fTDy8+47Sdvo7lFkqUY9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443800924243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图11, caption=DK-G和DK-OS的XRD图, figureFileSmall=dRVLMAVt2xCcEVCN7yo+4A==, figureFileBig=7fTDy8+47Sdvo7lFkqUY9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443909976148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Contact angle of DK-G and DK-OS, figureFileSmall=qxcgFyK1Az0Of7yzzw4GFg==, figureFileBig=6cU0lmyj0nK6a3KxJ/+kXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882443981279317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=图12, caption=DK-G和DK-OS的接触角, figureFileSmall=qxcgFyK1Az0Of7yzzw4GFg==, figureFileBig=6cU0lmyj0nK6a3KxJ/+kXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882444065165398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of Box-Behnken design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A温度(℃)B pHC DK-G浓度(%)D mOSA/mDK-G
13081.51.5
0408.522
−15092.52.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320882444140662871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Box-Behnken 试验因素水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A温度(℃)B pHC DK-G浓度(%)D mOSA/mDK-G
13081.51.5
0408.522
−15092.52.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320882444237131864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Design and results of Box-Behnken

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A温度B pHC DK-G
浓度
D mOSA/mDK-GY1吸油率
(g/g)
Y2 DS
1−1−10034.44±0.500.0453±0.0006
21−10027.72±0.990.0365±0.0010
3−110034.44±0.970.0464±0.0010
4110035.28±0.250.0474±0.0011
500−1−131.08±0.090.0401±0.0009
6001−130.52±0.170.0393±0.0005
700−1121.96±0.110.0245±0.0017
8001128.84±0.150.0369±0.0007
9−100−140.04±1.000.0527±0.0008
10100−130.8±0.660.0396±0.0012
11−100124.92±0.090.0328±0.0010
12100130.8±0.020.0403±0.0022
130−1−1022.68±1.130.0286±0.0012
1401−1031.64±0.070.0343±0.0011
150−11031.92±0.030.0433±0.0003
16011028.28±0.080.0372±0.0005
17−10−1024.36±0.010.0313±0.0004
1810−1028.56±0.070.0376±0.0002
19−101030.24±0.020.0388±0.0003
20101022.68±0.020.0296±0.0007
210−10−142.56±0.050.0560±0.0044
22010−139.2±0.040.0488±0.0001
230−10126.88±0.040.0344±0.0010
24010139.76±0.040.0498±0.0013
25000054.12±0.160.0626±0.0011
26000054.03±0.180.0605±0.0008
27000052.43±0.090.0610±0.0007
28000053.95±0.070.0615±0.0004
29000054.02±0.060.0642±0.0010
), ArticleFig(id=1320882444329406553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Box- Behnken 试验设计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号A温度B pHC DK-G
浓度
D mOSA/mDK-GY1吸油率
(g/g)
Y2 DS
1−1−10034.44±0.500.0453±0.0006
21−10027.72±0.990.0365±0.0010
3−110034.44±0.970.0464±0.0010
4110035.28±0.250.0474±0.0011
500−1−131.08±0.090.0401±0.0009
6001−130.52±0.170.0393±0.0005
700−1121.96±0.110.0245±0.0017
8001128.84±0.150.0369±0.0007
9−100−140.04±1.000.0527±0.0008
10100−130.8±0.660.0396±0.0012
11−100124.92±0.090.0328±0.0010
12100130.8±0.020.0403±0.0022
130−1−1022.68±1.130.0286±0.0012
1401−1031.64±0.070.0343±0.0011
150−11031.92±0.030.0433±0.0003
16011028.28±0.080.0372±0.0005
17−10−1024.36±0.010.0313±0.0004
1810−1028.56±0.070.0376±0.0002
19−101030.24±0.020.0388±0.0003
20101022.68±0.020.0296±0.0007
210−10−142.56±0.050.0560±0.0044
22010−139.2±0.040.0488±0.0001
230−10126.88±0.040.0344±0.0010
24010139.76±0.040.0498±0.0013
25000054.12±0.160.0626±0.0011
26000054.03±0.180.0605±0.0008
27000052.43±0.090.0610±0.0007
28000053.95±0.070.0615±0.0004
29000054.02±0.060.0642±0.0010
), ArticleFig(id=1320882444417486938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variance analysis of regression equation (OAC)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方差F值P值显著性
模型2893.9714206.71109.45<0.0001**
A-温度13.23113.237.000.0192*
B-pH41.81141.8122.140.0003**
C-DK-G浓度12.40112.406.570.0226*
D-mOSA/mDK-G140.361140.3674.31<0.0001**
AB14.29114.297.570.0156*
AC34.57134.5718.310.0008**
AD57.15157.1530.26<0.0001**
BC39.69139.6921.010.0004**
BD65.93165.9334.91<0.0001**
CD13.84113.847.330.0170*
A2955.451955.45505.88<0.0001**
B2449.191449.19237.83<0.0001**
C21676.4911676.49887.65<0.0001**
D2555.201555.20293.96<0.0001**
残差26.44141.89
失拟项24.38102.444.730.0739不显著
纯误差2.0640.5157
总和2920.4128
), ArticleFig(id=1320882444497178715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归方程的方差分析(吸油率)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方差F值P值显著性
模型2893.9714206.71109.45<0.0001**
A-温度13.23113.237.000.0192*
B-pH41.81141.8122.140.0003**
C-DK-G浓度12.40112.406.570.0226*
D-mOSA/mDK-G140.361140.3674.31<0.0001**
AB14.29114.297.570.0156*
AC34.57134.5718.310.0008**
AD57.15157.1530.26<0.0001**
BC39.69139.6921.010.0004**
BD65.93165.9334.91<0.0001**
CD13.84113.847.330.0170*
A2955.451955.45505.88<0.0001**
B2449.191449.19237.83<0.0001**
C21676.4911676.49887.65<0.0001**
D2555.201555.20293.96<0.0001**
残差26.44141.89
失拟项24.38102.444.730.0739不显著
纯误差2.0640.5157
总和2920.4128
), ArticleFig(id=1320882446141345884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variance analysis of regression equation (DS)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方差F值P值显著性
模型0.0034140.000236.03<0.0001**
A-温度0.000010.00003.280.0916
B-pH0.000010.00004.840.0451*
C-DK-G浓度0.000110.000110.170.0066**
D-mOSA/mDK-G0.000310.000341.25<0.0001**
AB0.000010.00003.560.0802
AC0.000110.00018.900.0099**
AD0.000110.000115.720.0014**
BC0.000010.00005.160.0394*
BD0.000110.000118.920.0007**
CD0.000010.00006.450.0235*
A20.000810.0008112.90<0.0001**
B20.000310.000348.80<0.0001**
C20.002110.0021309.28<0.0001**
D20.000510.000573.18<0.0001**
残差0.0001140.0000
失拟项0.0001100.00003.950.0989不显著
纯误差0.000040.0000
总和0.003528
), ArticleFig(id=1320882446242009181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882424771367922, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

回归方程的方差分析(DS)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方差F值P值显著性
模型0.0034140.000236.03<0.0001**
A-温度0.000010.00003.280.0916
B-pH0.000010.00004.840.0451*
C-DK-G浓度0.000110.000110.170.0066**
D-mOSA/mDK-G0.000310.000341.25<0.0001**
AB0.000010.00003.560.0802
AC0.000110.00018.900.0099**
AD0.000110.000115.720.0014**
BC0.000010.00005.160.0394*
BD0.000110.000118.920.0007**
CD0.000010.00006.450.0235*
A20.000810.0008112.90<0.0001**
B20.000310.000348.80<0.0001**
C20.002110.0021309.28<0.0001**
D20.000510.000573.18<0.0001**
残差0.0001140.0000
失拟项0.0001100.00003.950.0989不显著
纯误差0.000040.0000
总和0.003528
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辛烯基琥珀酸-脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖酯的制备工艺优化及结构表征
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李筠涵 , 鲁嫚嫚 , 王豪缘 , 曾志龙 , 李怡佳 , 刘雄 *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(15): 289-297
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (15) : 289 -297
辛烯基琥珀酸-脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖酯的制备工艺优化及结构表征
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李筠涵 , 鲁嫚嫚, 王豪缘, 曾志龙, 李怡佳, 刘雄*
作者信息
  • 西南大学食品科学学院,重庆 400715
通讯作者:
刘雄(1970−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品化学与营养学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李筠涵(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品化学与营养学,E-mail:

Preparation Optimization and Structural Characterization of Octenylsuccinated Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan
Junhan LI , Manman LU, Haoyuan WANG, Zhilong ZENG, Yijia LI, Xiong LIU*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080051
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以脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖凝胶颗粒(deacetylated konjac glucomannan gel,DK-G)为原料,辛烯基琥珀酸酐(octenyl succinic anhydride,OSA)为酯化剂,制备高吸油性辛烯基琥珀酸脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖酯材料(deacetylated konjac glucomannan octenyl succinate gel,DK-OS)。采用Box-Behnken试验设计研究反应温度、pH、DK-G浓度、OSA与DK-G质量比(mOSA/mDK-G)4个因素对DK-OS取代度和吸油率的影响,优化工艺条件,随后在最佳条件下制备高吸油率和取代度的DK-OS,并对该材料进行红外光谱、结晶结构、疏水性及微观形貌表征。结果表明,4个因素对DK-OS吸油率的影响大小顺序为mOSA/mDK-G>pH>反应温度>DK-G浓度,对取代度的影响大小顺序为mOSA/mDK-G>DK-G浓度>pH>反应温度,酯化最佳工艺为:反应温度39 ℃,pH8.5,DK-G浓度2%,mOSA/mDK-G=1.9,反应时间4 h,在此条件下获得的DK-OS取代度为0.0623±0.0002,吸油率为53.88±0.02 g/g。红外光谱结果表明DK-OS在1727 cm−1(酯基)处峰强度增强,同时在2926、2857、1566 cm−1处出现亚甲基拉伸振动峰和羧酸盐不对称伸缩振动峰;同时观察到DK-OS微观结构表面有孔洞形成且变粗糙,但酯化物晶型未受影响;酯化后其水接触角从61.5°增加至105.3°,表面疏水性明显增加。该研究可为高吸油性膳食纤维的制备提供技术参考。

膳食纤维  /  脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖  /  辛烯基琥珀酸酐  /  高吸油性  /  响应面

In this study, highly oil-absorbing deacetylated konjac glucomannan octenyl succinate gel (DK-OS) was prepared using deacetylated konjac glucomannan gel (DK-G) as the raw material and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) as the esterifying agent. The Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of four factors (reaction temperature, pH, DK-G concentration, and OSA and DK-G mass ratios [mOSA/mDK-G]) on the degree of substitution (DS) and oil absorption capacity (OAC) of DK-OS. To optimize the process conditions, DK-OS with high OAC and DS was prepared under optimal conditions. The DK-OS was further characterized via infrared spectroscopy, crystalline structure analysis, hydrophobicity assessment, and microscopic morphology. The influence of the four factors on the OAC of DK-OS followed the order of mOSA/mDK-G>pH>reaction temperature>DK-G concentration, whereas the order of influence on DS was mOSA/mDK-G>DK-G concentration>pH>reaction temperature. The optimal conditions for the esterification process were 39 °C, pH8.5, 2% DK-G concentration, mOSA/mDK-G=1.9, and 4 h reaction time. Under these conditions, the resulting DK-OS exhibited a DS of 0.0623±0.0002 and an OAC of 53.88±0.02 g/g. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that the peak intensity of DK-OS at 1727 cm−1 (associated with the ester group) was enhanced after esterification. Additionally, methylene stretching vibration peaks and carboxylate asymmetric stretching vibration peaks were observed at 2926, 2857, and 1566 cm−1, respectively. Notably, the pores that developed on the microstructural surface of DK-OS exhibited increased roughness, whereas the crystal form of the esterified product remained unchanged. The hydrophobic angle increased significantly from 61.5° to 105.3°, thereby reflecting a marked enhancement in surface hydrophobicity. This study provides a technical reference for the development of high-oil-absorption dietary fibers.

dietary fiber  /  deacetylated konjac glucomannan  /  octenyl succinic anhydride  /  highly oil-absorbent  /  response surface methodology
李筠涵, 鲁嫚嫚, 王豪缘, 曾志龙, 李怡佳, 刘雄. 辛烯基琥珀酸-脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖酯的制备工艺优化及结构表征. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 289 -297 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080051
Junhan LI, Manman LU, Haoyuan WANG, Zhilong ZENG, Yijia LI, Xiong LIU. Preparation Optimization and Structural Characterization of Octenylsuccinated Deacetylated Konjac Glucomannan[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 289 -297 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080051
油脂摄入量超标会直接或间接地导致肥胖等多种慢性疾病发生,现代社会高油高糖的不良饮食模式已成为威胁人类健康的重要风险[1]。适量摄入膳食纤维是减少膳食油脂吸收、改善肥胖症状的有效饮食策略[2−3]。研究表明,膳食纤维能量低、饱腹感强[4],能通过短期调节食欲避免机体摄入额外能量[5],同时其结构中含有活性基团,可对油脂等进行螯合吸附,从而有效抑制人体对其吸收并将其排出体外,从而达到降脂减肥目的[6]。但其调节食欲、增强饱腹感的效果短暂[7],且大量摄入会影响其他营养素如蛋白质、矿物质等吸收。同时膳食纤维普遍含有大量亲水基团,在肠道中优先吸收水分,可能影响其对油脂的吸附能力,降低减肥效果[8]。张颖等[9]研究发现,对膳食纤维进行化学改性能够改善其理化性质和生理功能,从而提高其对油脂的吸附能力。
魔芋葡甘露聚糖(konjac glucomannan,KGM)作为一种优质的水溶性膳食纤维,具有极高的黏度和水化能力,可通过增加食糜的黏度和体积而占据胃空间来延迟胃排空,产生更强的饱腹感[9],同时具有降血脂等生理功能,相比其他膳食纤维降脂减肥效果更好[10]。此外,KGM分子链中含有大量羟基,有利于对其进行酯化、氧化、接枝等化学改性处理[11]。但其同时含大量乙酰基,导致其吸水性极强,吸水溶胀后体系黏度过高而不利于化学反应[12]。现有研究表明脱乙酰化处理(deacetylated konjac glucomannan,DKGM)不仅能降低KGM黏度,同时还可能使其暴露更多羟基,为化学反应提供更多反应活性位点[13],从而易通过改性制备高吸油性材料。因此,对DKGM进行化学改性开发高吸油性膳食纤维材料,对突破传统膳食纤维在人体进食后降脂减肥的局限、提升降脂效果具有重要意义。
研究表明,辛烯基琥珀酸酐(octenyl succinic anhydride,OSA)改性可显著增加淀粉、纤维素亲油性,从而提高其吸油率,且吸油能力和抗消化性随取代度增大而增强[8,14−15]。但目前制备的辛烯基琥珀酸膳食纤维酯吸油率和取代度均较低[14,16],原因可能在于其吸油形式较单一,仅依靠化学吸附;同时,缺乏对影响OSA酯化及吸油的条件进行优化,限制了取代度和吸油率的提升。以DKGM作为酯化原料,可避免KGM高黏度对酯化反应的不利影响,同时提供更多反应活性位点以制备高取代度的产物;并且脱乙酰后KGM分子间的相互作用增强,形成交联网络,能有效提高油脂吸附能力。因此,本文先对KGM进行脱乙酰化加热形成脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖凝胶颗粒(deacetylated konjac glucomannan octenyl succinate gel,DK-G),然后以OSA为酯化剂进行酯化改性制备高吸油性辛烯基琥珀酸脱乙酰魔芋葡甘露聚糖酯凝胶颗粒(deacetylated konjac glucomannan octenyl succinate gel,DK-OS),以吸油率(oil absorption capacity,OAC)和取代度(degree of substitution,DS)为指标,通过单因素实验和响应面法优化酯化工艺,并采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、水接触角对DK-OS进行结构表征,探究其吸油机制,为其在吸油降脂等领域的应用提供参考。
花魔芋精粉 纯度95%,湖北十堰花仙子魔芋制品有限公司;2-辛烯基琥珀酸酐 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;食用大豆油 中粮福临门食品营销有限公司;碳酸钠、氢氧化钠等试剂均为分析纯 重庆跃翔化工有限公司。
LGJ-10真空冷冻干燥机 北京松源华兴科技发展有限公司;HCJ-4E磁力搅拌水浴锅 常州朗越仪器制造有限公司;Phenom Pro10102型扫描电镜 荷兰Phenom World公司;Spectrum Two傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 美国PE公司;AXTG16G型离心机 盐城市安信实验仪器有限公司;Bruker D8Advance X射线衍射仪 德国布鲁克分析仪器公司;SDC-500光学接触角测量仪 东莞市晟鼎精密仪器有限公司。
准确称取20 g KGM缓慢倒入装有950 mL蒸馏水的烧杯中,于磁力搅拌条件下(400 r/min)在30 ℃水浴中溶胀1 h,然后加入0.6 g碳酸钠(用50 mL蒸馏水稀释)搅拌混合均匀后8000 r/min离心2 min以脱除气泡,将其转移至100 ℃加热1 h形成热不可逆凝胶,最后冷却至室温后置于−40 ℃预冻12 h,经真空冷冻干燥48 h后过40目筛得到DK-G。参考LI等[17]的方法测定DK-G的脱乙酰度。经测定,DK-G脱乙酰度为47%。
参照宋雅婷[18]的方法并稍作修改。在磁力搅拌条件下(350 r/min),于烧杯中缓慢加入DK-G配制成一定浓度的溶液,待温度稳定后用0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液调节至指定pH。在30 min内分3批加入OSA溶液(用无水乙醇稀释三倍,v/v),并用0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液维持pH在一定范围内(指定pH±0.05)。反应一定时间后用0.1 mol/L HCl溶液调节pH至6.5左右以结束反应。将反应液转移至3倍体积的无水乙醇中沉淀2 h,400目滤布过滤后用无水乙醇重复洗涤3次后于通风橱挥发过夜,经真空冷冻干燥12 h后过40目筛得到DK-OS。
参考王雅楠等[19]酯化燕麦淀粉的工艺并稍作修改。以吸油率和取代度为指标,实验方法同1.2.2。以反应温度40 ℃、pH8.5、时间4 h、DK-G浓度1%、mOSA/mDK-G=1为固定条件。改变温度(20、30、40、50、60 ℃)、pH(7.5、8、8.5、9、9.5)、时间(1、2、4、6、8 h)、DK-G浓度(0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%)、mOSA/mDK-G(0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5),测定DK-OS吸油率和取代度的变化。
在单因素实验基础上,固定反应体系时间为4 h,选取反应温度(A)、反应体系pH(B)、DK-G浓度(C)及mOSA/mDK-G比例(D)4个因素探究其对DK-OS吸油率和取代度的影响。采用Box-Behnken试验设计原理设计响应面,其因素与水平见表1。
参照梁叶星等[20]的方法并作适量修改。准确称取0.2000 g的DK-OS样品于100 mL试管中,加入1 mL无水乙醇润湿,再加入50 mL蒸馏水和400 µL 0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液,置于60 ℃磁力搅拌水浴锅磁力搅拌2 h后加入2滴酚酞指示剂,用0.01 mol/L盐酸溶液趁热滴定至粉红色刚好消失,记录消耗的盐酸体积数V1。同时用DK-G做空白实验,记录消耗的盐酸体积数V0,根据公式(1)(2)计算取代度。
$\rm A=\frac{c\times ({v}_{0}-{v}_{1})}{m} $
$ \rm DS=\frac{162.4\times A}{1000-210\times A} $
式中:A为每克样品消耗0.01 mol/L盐酸标准溶液的物质的量,mmol/g;v为样品消耗盐酸标准溶液的滴定体积,mL;c为盐酸标准溶液的浓度,mol/L;m为样品质量,g;162.4为葡萄糖残基的摩尔质量,g/mol;210为辛烯基琥珀酸酐的摩尔质量,g/mol。
参照胡建雪[16]的方法并作适量修改。准确加入15 mL蒸馏水和15 mL大豆油于50 mL离心管中,充分混合均匀形成油水混合物以模拟油糜状态。加入0.2000 g样品(M)混合均匀后在37 ℃水浴锅160 r/min振荡30 min,静置10 min后除去上层未吸附的油脂,用石油醚萃取黏附在管壁的DK-OS和油水混合物3次后,将混合物转移至质量为M0的铝盒置于通风橱挥发,待石油醚挥发完全后置于105 ℃烘箱烘干至恒重,称重记为M1,根据公式(3)计算吸油率Q。
$\rm Q=\frac{{M}_{1}-{M}_{0}-M}{M} $
将1.2.1制备的DK-G以及按1.2.4确定的最佳工艺条件制备的DK-OS,均采用1.2.6中的方法进行吸油处理。将吸油后的样品经3000 r/min离心10 min后,对其状态进行拍照观察。
取适量样品粉末添加至样品室晶体表面,并使用螺旋杆压紧样品进行测定,扫描背景为空气,光谱扫描范围设置为4000~600 cm−1,分辨率为32 cm−1,扫描次数为16。测定OSA时,直接将OSA液体滴加在样品室晶体表面,无需螺旋杆接触加压,其余测试条件保持一致。
将样品固定于导电胶上,喷金处理后在10 kV电压条件下用扫描电子显微镜分别放大300和1000倍对样品颗粒进行形态分析。
取适量干燥样品进行测定,实验条件为:实验靶材为铜靶材;扫描速度为10°/min,衍射角范围为5°~60°(2θ)。
用红外压片机将样品压制成厚度约为1 mm且表面完整光滑的薄片,采用高精度注射器将2 μL超纯水滴在薄片表面,使用接触角测量仪迅速拍照记录样品的接触角数值。
以上实验均重复3次,所有数据采用SPSS 27软件进行方差分析,所得结果均以平均值±标准偏差表示,P<0.05表示显著,P<0.01表示极显著,采用Origin 2025软件作图,响应面分析通过Design-Expert 13.0软件进行。
如图1所示,温度对DK-OS取代度影响显著(P<0.05),当温度低于40 ℃时,取代度随着反应温度升高从0.0312增加到0.0358,可能是因为反应温度的升高提高了OSA与DK-G的有效碰撞几率;而当温度高于40 ℃时,取代度随温度升高从0.0358降低至0.0135,原因是高温会加快OSA水解速度从而降低反应效率[21−22]。在60 ℃时,OSA取代度只有0.0135,过高的温度可能会导致生成的DK-OS酯键水解从而降低取代度。DK-OS吸油率变化趋势与取代度一致,在40 ℃达到最大(36.37 g/g),因此选择体系温度40 ℃为中心点进行下一步试验。
如图2所示,随着pH的增加,DK-OS取代度先增大后减小,吸油率的变化趋势与取代度一致,均在pH为8.5时达到最大,分别为0.0365、35.93 g/g。原因可能是取代度越大,接上的疏水基团越多,从而在油水混合体系更疏水亲油,因此DK-OS取代度越大,吸油率越高。OSA的酯化反应是可逆亲核取代反应[21],当pH小于8.5时,此时溶液碱性极弱,DK-G羟基的去质子化程度不够,生成的烷氧基负离子少,亲核性弱,难以有效进攻OSA的酸酐基团,从而降低反应速率和取代度;而当pH大于8.5时,OSA发生水解反应,反应物减少不利于酯化反应正向进行,同时pH过高可能导致生成的DK-OS水解[23],导致取代度降低。因此选择体系pH8.5为中心点进行下一步试验。
由图3可知,在反应初始2 h内,DK-OS取代度随时间延长而明显增加,反应到4 h时达到最大(0.0397),继续延长反应时间,取代度略有下降,该现象与石剑等[24]的研究一致。原因可能是酯化过程中酯化和水解反应同时发生,在反应初始阶段,反应物OSA浓度高、产物DK-OS浓度低,酯化反应占主导地位;随着反应时间延长,OSA逐渐被耗尽,产物DK-OS浓度增大,副反应水解反应占主导,DK-OS逐渐水解,且水解生成的OSA与碱反应,最终酯化反应和水解反应趋向平衡[25],取代度变化不明显。DK-OS吸油率变化趋势与取代度一致,在4 h时达到最大为33.15 g/g,因此确定反应时间为4 h。
由图4可知,取代度随DK-G浓度增大而先增大后略微减小,在2%时达到最大(0.0392),这可能是因为在低浓度条件下增加DK-G浓度可以增加DK-G和OSA的碰撞几率,有利于酯化反应正向进行。当继续提高DK-G浓度时,体系黏度上升不易搅拌,OSA不能均匀分散在反应体系中,不利于OSA与DK-G上的羟基接触,反应不均匀导致取代度略有下降[21]。吸油率变化趋势与取代度一致,当浓度为2%吸油率最大,为39.37 g/g,故选择DK-G浓度2%为中心点进行下一步试验。
由图5可知,酯化剂OSA添加比例对DK-OS取代度影响显著(P<0.05),当OSA与DK-G质量比(mOSA/mDK-G)从0.5增至2时,取代度显著上升并达到最大值(P<0.05);继续将该比例提高至2.5,取代度则略有下降(P>0.05)。这一现象可从反应机理角度解释:OSA的酯化反应具有可逆性,在OSA浓度较高时,反应正向进行趋势增强,且DK-G与OSA的碰撞速率加快,取代度增加。但当OSA用量增加到一定程度后,DK-G分子表面的羟基可能被OSA充分占据,导致空间位阻效应增强[25];同时,由于OSA不溶于水,过量的OSA易以油滴形式悬浮于体系表面,难以均匀分散,从而导致酯化不均匀。此外,大量OSA的加入会使反应体系需要更多碱液维持pH稳定,这可能使OSA更容易与OH-发生水解反应生成副产物羧酸氢钠和无法与DK-G发生酯化的辛烯基琥珀二酸钠[24],降低了OSA与DK-G的反应概率,从而进一步导致取代度下降。当mOSA/mDK-G为2时,取代度和吸油率均达到最大,分别为0.0614、45.05 g/g,故选择mOSA/mDK-G为2为中心点进行下一步试验。
响应面设计具体试验方案见表2。对表2试验数据进行多元线性回归分析,得到吸油率、取代度与反应温度(A)、pH(B)、DK-G浓度(C)和mOSA/mDK-G(D)之间的二次多元回归方程为:Y1(吸油率)=53.71−1.05A+1.87B+1.02C−3.42D+1.89AB−2.94AC+3.78AD−3.15BC+4.06BD+1.86CD−12.14A2−8.32B2−16.08C2−9.25D2;Y2(取代度)=0.0620−0.0014A+0.0016B+0.0024C−0.0048D+0.0025AB−0.0039AC+0.0051AD−0.0029BC+0.0056BD+0.0033CD−0.0108A2−0.0071B2−0.0179C2−0.0087D2。
通过软件对上述结果进行方差分析,结果见表3和表4,结果显示方程Y1(吸油率)、Y2(取代度)模型的F值分别为109.45、36.03,且模型的拟合程度均极为显著(P<0.01),能够比较准确反映每个因素与响应值的关系。两个方程的决定系数R2分别为0.9909、0.9730,表明模型的相关性较好;均满足预测R2与调整R2差值小于0.2。
对影响吸油率的四个因素进行显著性检验,一次项B、D,二次项A2、B2、C2、D2,交互项AC、AD、BC、BD影响极显著(P<0.01)。四个因素对吸油率的影响程度为:D>B>A>C。对于取代度,一次项C、D,二次项A2、B2、C2、D2,交互项AC、AD、BD影响极显著(P<0.01)。四个因素对DS的影响程度为:D>C>B>A。结果表明,建立的响应面模型可以很好地解释响应值的变化规律,为进一步优化DK-OS吸油率和取代度的酯化工艺奠定了基础。
图6、图7揭示了各因素间的交互作用对响应值吸油率和取代度的影响规律。响应面斜率越陡峭,表明两因素交互作用对响应值的影响越显著。从图6B~6E中可以观察到AC、AD、BC、BD的斜率较陡,这说明温度和DK-G浓度、温度和mOSA/mDK-G、pH和DK-G浓度、pH和mOSA/mDK-G的互作关系对吸油率的影响更为突出。各交互因素作用对吸油率影响程度的轻重顺序为:BD>AD>BC>AC>AB>CD,与方差分析结果一致。由图7可以看出响应面均呈现向下开口的形状,这说明当各因素的水平增加时,取代度将逐步提高,直至达到一个峰值,之后取代度将逐渐降低。因素AC、AD、BD的斜率较陡,这说明温度和DK-G浓度、温度和mOSA/mDK-G、pH和mOSA/mDK-G的互作关系对取代度的影响更为突出。各交互因素作用对取代度影响程度的轻重顺序为:BD>AD>AC>CD>BC>AB,与方差分析结果一致。
采用Design-Expert 13.0软件进行工艺优化,当温度38.99 ℃、pH8.51,DK-G浓度2.02%、mOSA/mDK-G 1.88时,可得到最高的吸油率和取代度:吸油率和取代度预测值分别为54.09 g/g、0.0628。考虑到实际操作条件的可行性,将最优条件参数调整为:温度39 ℃、pH8.5,DK-G浓度2%,mOSA/mDK-G 1.9,在此条件下进行三次平行验证实验以确保实验的可重复性与数据的可靠性,测得吸油率和取代度分别为53.88±0.02 g/g、0.0623±0.0002,与预测值的相对误差分别为0.39%和0.80%,表明实际结果与预测值非常接近,充分证实了该模型的准确性与可靠性。
如图8所示,在油水混合体系下,DK-OS吸油后油水未分层且为黏稠状,而DK-G吸油后只存在于水相中,且油水分层。3000 r/min离心10 min后,DK-OS稍有油脂析出,而DK-G混合体系油水分层现象更加明显。主要原因在于:首先,DK-OS取代度高,分子表面含有的大量疏水基团可能通过范德华力等分子间相互作用力将油分子牢固吸附;其次,酯化可能导致DK-OS乳化性和黏度增加[25],且其本身具有的凝胶网络结构使得DK-OS吸油后形成黏稠体系可将油脂物理包裹在内部[26],形成稳定的复合体。因此,DK-OS对油脂的吸附能力的提高是化学和物理作用的共同结果[16]。
图9为OSA、DK-G及DK-OS的FTIR光谱。OSA中1862 cm−1和1778 cm−1处为酸酐羰基的对称拉伸振动和不对称振动峰,这是酸酐的特征结构;在2857、2926 cm−1处对应-CH2拉伸振动峰[27]。DK-G和DK-OS图谱中,3343 cm−1由O-H伸缩振动引起,DK-OS相较DK-G在此处峰强度减弱、峰型降低,说明在酯化过程中DK-G分子上的羟基可能与OSA发生了反应[28]。1727 cm−1左右为羰基(C=O)伸缩振动峰,DK-G由KGM脱乙酰化加热形成,分子残留部分乙酰基,因此,在DK-G的FT-IR光谱为乙酰基吸收峰[28]。而在DK-OS的FT-IR图谱上此段吸收峰明显增强,说明DK-G经OSA酯化成功且引入了酯羰基(C=O)基团。DK-OS与DK-G的FT-IR光谱形状相似,这表明OSA酯化没有改变DK-G主要分子骨架。同时DK-OS在2857、2926、1566 cm−1处均出现新的特征吸收峰,说明DK-G经OSA酯化后成功引入了-CH2、RCOO-基团,其中1566 cm−1为羧酸盐RCOO-的不对称伸缩振动峰[29]。DK-OS在1778 cm−1和1862 cm−1处均没有明显的环酸酐特征吸收峰,这说明DK-OS中无OSA残留[27]。
由图10可知,酯化前DK-G整体呈现疏松、大孔层状纤维结构,表面相对光滑且孔壁薄;酯化改性后DK-OS整体呈现团聚颗粒状,表面变粗糙、凹凸不平,且有微小孔洞形成,这种结构增大了DK-OS的表面积,有利于油脂的吸附与装载。这可能是因为DK-G酯化后引入了疏水辛烯基链,分子间疏水作用增强,导致DK-OS分子上的疏水基团通过疏水相互作用相互吸引,促使分子发生聚集[30]。同时,酯化反应发生在碱性溶液中,DK-G可能发生不完全脱乙酰化,导致表面粗糙[28]。
由图11可知,DK-OS与DK-G的XRD图谱相似,在19.8°附近显示出扩散峰,表明二者均为无定形结构,对DK-G进行酯化不会改变其原有的晶型,该结果与Meng等[31]的研究一致。但与DK-G相比,DK-OS在19.8°左右的衍射峰强度增加,这种增加可能归因于DK-G在酯化过程中再次脱乙酰化而发生的自卷曲和自聚集,促进体系中的分子开始转变为有序排列的晶体结构[32]。同时,引入的疏水基团产生的疏水相互作用可能使分子间的结合更加紧密,形成相对稳定的聚集态结构,导致特征峰强度增加[18]。
接触角可用于反映固体表面化学组成、粗糙度、液体表面张力等特性,其大小受到多种因素的影响,其中固体表面的亲/疏水基团组成和粗糙度是最核心的影响因素。接触角<90°为亲水性,接触角为>90°为疏水性[33]。由图12可知,DK-G的接触角为61.5°,经OSA酯化改性后增加到105.3°,表明DK-G发生了由亲水性转向疏水性的转变。原因是DK-G在被OSA酯化过程中部分羟基与OSA结合形成酯键,导致亲水的羟基数量减少,同时分子中引入大量疏水基团辛烯基侧链[27],导致DK-OS表面疏水性提高,进一步证明改性成功。SEM分析(图10)也表明DK-G经OSA酯化改性后表面由光滑变得粗糙,在一定程度上可能也增加了DK-OS的疏水性。
本研究以OSA为酯化剂对DK-G进行改性,并通过单因素和响应面法进行优化。单因素结果表明DK-OS的吸油率变化趋势与取代度一致,响应面结果显示各因素对吸油率的影响大小为:mOSA/mDK-G>pH>反应温度>DK-G浓度,对取代度的影响大小为:mOSA/mDK-G>DK-G浓度>pH>反应温度,获得的最佳工艺为:温度39 ℃,pH8.5,DK-G浓度2%,mOSA/mDK-G=1.9,反应时间4 h,此条件下制备的DK-OS取代度为0.0623±0.0002,吸油率为53.88±0.02 g/g。高取代度DK-OS增强了其对油脂的结合力,且自身的凝胶网络结构可能增加了其对油脂的包裹作用,从而获得了较高的油脂吸附能力。DK-G经OSA酯化后形成酯键且引入大量辛烯基侧链,疏水性明显增加,从亲水性材料转变为双亲性材料。酯化发生在无定形区域,因此未改变其晶体结构,但DK-OS颗粒表面形成了孔洞且变得粗糙,这种特殊的表面结构增加了其吸油性。但其吸油能力是否受胃酸、肠道环境(如pH、消化酶等)的影响尚不清楚,下一步将探究其在肠道的吸油降脂能力并验证其安全性,为其作为高吸油性膳食纤维的实际应用提供更可靠的依据。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080051
  • 接收时间:2025-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11
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    西南大学食品科学学院,重庆 400715

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刘雄(1970−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品化学与营养学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
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种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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