Article(id=1320880647267275536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754755200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852087084, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852087084, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852087084, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852087084, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=211, endPage=221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880647493767953, articleId=1320880647267275536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation of Lotus Seed Starch-Lipid Complex by Ultrasound and Its Application in Low GI Reconstituted Rice, columnId=1320880529025643003, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Process Innovation and Intelligent Manufacturing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Lotus seed starch–lipid complexes were prepared using an ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method, and the effects of ultrasonic power on their physicochemical properties and digestibility were investigated. Subsequently, reconstituted rice was produced using the complexes, indica rice flour, and coarse grain flour as raw materials. The processing conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, with sensory evaluation, texture profile, and cooking quality as indicators. The glycemic index (GI) of the optimized reconstituted rice was further determined in mice. The results showed that at an ultrasonic power of 360 W, the complexing index of the lotus seed starch–lipid complex increased significantly, while solubility and swelling power were markedly lower than those of native lotus seed starch (P<0.05). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated an increase in structural order, and the resistant starch (RS) content reached its highest level (38.06%±0.10%). The in vitro hydrolysis curve shifted downward, suggesting improved resistance to digestion. The optimized processing parameters for reconstituted rice were as follows: complex addition level of 24%, moisture content 36%, extrusion temperature 121 ℃, and screw speed 160 r/min. The reconstituted rice exhibited significantly higher sensory acceptability, viscosity, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and resilience than commercial indica rice (P<0.05), indicating a superior eating quality. In vivo mouse experiments further confirmed a GI value of 46.07±7.56, classifying it as a low-GI food. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of low-GI reconstituted rice.

, authors=Yuanyuan SHEN1, Zhonghai TANG1, Shiyin GUO1, Wei FAN1, Na ZHANG2, *, authorsList=Yuanyuan SHEN, Zhonghai TANG, Shiyin GUO, Wei FAN, Na ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Na ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880651180561192, articleId=1320880647267275536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超声辅助制备莲子淀粉-脂质复合物及其在低GI重组米中的应用, columnId=1320880529201803773, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺创新与智能制造, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于超声辅助水热法制备莲子淀粉-脂质复合物,探究了超声功率对其理化性质及消化特性的影响,随后以复合物、籼米粉及杂粮粉为原料制备重组米,以感官、质构和蒸煮品质为指标,采用单因素及响应面试验优化重组米制备工艺,并通过小鼠实验测定血糖生成指数(Glycemic Index,GI)。结果表明:超声功率为360 W时,莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的复合指数显著提高,溶解度与膨胀度明显低于莲子淀粉(P<0.05);红外光谱结果表明其有序度增加,抗性淀粉(Resistant Starch,RS)含量最高(38.06%±0.10%),体外消化水解曲线整体下移,表明其耐消化特性最优。优化后的重组米制备工艺为:复合物添加量24%、水分含量36%、挤压温度121 ℃、螺杆转速160 r/min。重组米适口性感官评分、粘性、内聚性、弹性、咀嚼性及回复性等指标显著高于市售籼米(P<0.05),说明重组米口感更佳。进一步于小鼠体内实验测得GI为46.07±7.56,属低GI食品,本研究为低GI重组米的开发提供了理论依据和技术参考。

, authors=申媛媛1, 唐忠海1, 郭时印1, 范伟1, 张娜2, *, authorsList=申媛媛, 唐忠海, 郭时印, 范伟, 张娜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张娜, authorNote=

申媛媛(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品资源开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张娜(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发利用,E-mail:。
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Food Hydrocolloids, 2023, 136: 108239., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880651402859305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880651411247914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, companyId=1320880651402859305, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880651419636523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, companyId=1320880651402859305, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖南省菜籽油营养健康与深度开发工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙 410128)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320880651490939692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880651499328301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, companyId=1320880651490939692, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Special Agricultural Products Further Processing in Southern Xinjiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880651507716910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, companyId=1320880651490939692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2塔里木大学食品科学与工程学院,南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880655219675986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Complex index of the lotus seed starch-lipid complex with different ultrasound power, figureFileSmall=iae14M8isUe8mmycw2jwQg==, figureFileBig=HeAGefnjxrs+dSHxi4YgIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655286784851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同超声功率处理莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的复合指数

注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2、图5~图8、图10同。

, figureFileSmall=iae14M8isUe8mmycw2jwQg==, figureFileBig=HeAGefnjxrs+dSHxi4YgIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655454557012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Solubility and swelling power of lotus seed starch-lipid complex with different ultrasound power, figureFileSmall=K9Ak3SZYNcFFBQqERRlapw==, figureFileBig=AbD1fxrl3xL7OnoyfDUkLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655551026005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同超声功率处理莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的溶解度和膨胀度, figureFileSmall=K9Ak3SZYNcFFBQqERRlapw==, figureFileBig=AbD1fxrl3xL7OnoyfDUkLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655618134870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Infrared spectra of the lotus seed starch-lipid complex with different ultrasound power, figureFileSmall=32HjKTUtG5RqXIx5hBLqVA==, figureFileBig=r14P/vneqcnR3mJNEiO0nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655685243735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同超声功率处理莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=32HjKTUtG5RqXIx5hBLqVA==, figureFileBig=r14P/vneqcnR3mJNEiO0nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655756546904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Starch hydrolysis rate curves of the lotus seed starch-lipid complex with different ultrasound power, figureFileSmall=9Kn0N4UN9bW8tHYjSAIs2A==, figureFileBig=KSuXaBBgppJC74+VBBBU3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655832044377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同超声功率处理莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的体外消化水解率曲线, figureFileSmall=9Kn0N4UN9bW8tHYjSAIs2A==, figureFileBig=KSuXaBBgppJC74+VBBBU3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655903347546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of adding lotus seed starch-lipid complex on reconstituted rice, figureFileSmall=tNWvnmdBt0B+/bfJ0HFvuQ==, figureFileBig=5gx4sbKZoJRcR5tB2yGJlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880655974650715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图5, caption=莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量对重组米品质的影响, figureFileSmall=tNWvnmdBt0B+/bfJ0HFvuQ==, figureFileBig=5gx4sbKZoJRcR5tB2yGJlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656037565276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of moisture content on reconstituted rice, figureFileSmall=DXoutSl6b3jK0x8hz4772g==, figureFileBig=gFyMwCT7WcXZM7qzaryTRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656100479837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图6, caption=水分含量对重组米品质的影响, figureFileSmall=DXoutSl6b3jK0x8hz4772g==, figureFileBig=gFyMwCT7WcXZM7qzaryTRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656180171614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of extrusion temperature on reconstituted rice, figureFileSmall=O2v7G9enW8PtLdAl+dVnuA==, figureFileBig=UEprj31xsmJpdMooauxR0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656255669087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图7, caption=挤压温度对重组米品质的影响, figureFileSmall=O2v7G9enW8PtLdAl+dVnuA==, figureFileBig=UEprj31xsmJpdMooauxR0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656352138080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of screw speed on reconstituted rice, figureFileSmall=2ajek5zbpp4dZrKSGq9Kjw==, figureFileBig=q5FA8yoQA6xMDQwBa2h8xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656431829857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图8, caption=螺杆转速对重组米品质的影响, figureFileSmall=2ajek5zbpp4dZrKSGq9Kjw==, figureFileBig=q5FA8yoQA6xMDQwBa2h8xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656511521634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Image of different rice, figureFileSmall=3chzJAkeD99Co8a7rQKp7w==, figureFileBig=QEUdb/8iJzeF3E76999DlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880656578630499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同米的外观

注:(A)莲子重组米;(B)空白重组米;(C)市售籼米。

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Factors and levels in the response experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
−101
莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量(%)202530
水分含量(%)303540
挤压温度(℃)110120130
), ArticleFig(id=1320880658629645161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素及水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
−101
莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量(%)202530
水分含量(%)303540
挤压温度(℃)110120130
), ArticleFig(id=1320880658688365418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Standard of sensory evaluation table of steamed rice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标分值二级指标分值具体特征描述及分值(分)
气味
(20分)
纯正性、浓郁性
(20分)
香气浓郁,无异味:18~20
香气明显,无异味:15~17
香气较淡,无异味:13~14
无香气,无异味:7~12
有异味:0~6
外观结构
(20分)
颜色
(7分)
颜色均匀,为预期颜色:6~7
颜色较均匀,较预期颜色暗淡:4~5
颜色不均匀,与预期颜色相差很大:0~3
光泽
(8分)
有明显光泽:7~8
稍有光泽:5~6
无光泽:0~4
饭粒完整性
(5分)
结构紧密,饭粒完整性好:4~5
大部分结构紧密完整:3
饭粒出现爆花:0~2
适口性
(30分)
粘性
(10分)
滑爽,有粘性,不粘牙:8~10
有粘性,基本不粘牙:6~7
有粘性,粘牙;或无粘性:0~5
弹性
(10分)
米饭有嚼劲:8~10
米饭稍有嚼劲:6~7
米饭疏松、发硬,感觉有渣:0~5
软硬度
(10分)
软硬适中:8~10
略硬或略软:6~7
很硬或很软:0~5
滋味
(25分)
纯正性、持久性
(25分)
咀嚼时,有较浓郁的清香和甜味:22~25
咀嚼时,有淡淡的清香和甜味:18~21
咀嚼时,无清香和甜味,无异味:16~17
咀嚼时,无清香和甜味,但有异味:0~15
冷饭质地
(5分)
成团性、粘弹性、硬度
(5分)
较松散,粘弹性较好,硬度适中:4~5
结团,粘弹性稍差,稍变硬:2~3
板结,粘弹性差,偏硬:0~1
), ArticleFig(id=1320880658789028715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

米饭感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标分值二级指标分值具体特征描述及分值(分)
气味
(20分)
纯正性、浓郁性
(20分)
香气浓郁,无异味:18~20
香气明显,无异味:15~17
香气较淡,无异味:13~14
无香气,无异味:7~12
有异味:0~6
外观结构
(20分)
颜色
(7分)
颜色均匀,为预期颜色:6~7
颜色较均匀,较预期颜色暗淡:4~5
颜色不均匀,与预期颜色相差很大:0~3
光泽
(8分)
有明显光泽:7~8
稍有光泽:5~6
无光泽:0~4
饭粒完整性
(5分)
结构紧密,饭粒完整性好:4~5
大部分结构紧密完整:3
饭粒出现爆花:0~2
适口性
(30分)
粘性
(10分)
滑爽,有粘性,不粘牙:8~10
有粘性,基本不粘牙:6~7
有粘性,粘牙;或无粘性:0~5
弹性
(10分)
米饭有嚼劲:8~10
米饭稍有嚼劲:6~7
米饭疏松、发硬,感觉有渣:0~5
软硬度
(10分)
软硬适中:8~10
略硬或略软:6~7
很硬或很软:0~5
滋味
(25分)
纯正性、持久性
(25分)
咀嚼时,有较浓郁的清香和甜味:22~25
咀嚼时,有淡淡的清香和甜味:18~21
咀嚼时,无清香和甜味,无异味:16~17
咀嚼时,无清香和甜味,但有异味:0~15
冷饭质地
(5分)
成团性、粘弹性、硬度
(5分)
较松散,粘弹性较好,硬度适中:4~5
结团,粘弹性稍差,稍变硬:2~3
板结,粘弹性差,偏硬:0~1
), ArticleFig(id=1320880658893886316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Weight of the evaluating indicator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标信息熵值熵权系数
感官总分0.93740.0755
硬度0.96680.0401
粘性0.77530.2709
弹性0.95440.0549
粘聚性0.90280.1172
咀嚼性0.85260.1777
回复性0.94800.0627
吸水率0.93180.0822
蒸煮损失率0.90140.1189
), ArticleFig(id=1320880658960995181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各评价指标的权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标信息熵值熵权系数
感官总分0.93740.0755
硬度0.96680.0401
粘性0.77530.2709
弹性0.95440.0549
粘聚性0.90280.1172
咀嚼性0.85260.1777
回复性0.94800.0627
吸水率0.93180.0822
蒸煮损失率0.90140.1189
), ArticleFig(id=1320880659023909742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

In vitro digestible starch content of the lotus seed starch-lipid complex with different ultrasound power (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称RDSSDSRS
LS53.37±0.11a12.03±0.27d34.60±0.32e
LS-050.06±0.19c13.80±0.30c36.14±0.16c
LS-24048.18±0.45d18.90±0.45ab32.92±0.01f
LS-36043.82±0.41f18.12±0.38b38.06±0.10a
LS-48044.92±0.11e19.44±0.20a35.63±0.14d
LS-60051.18±0.99b12.18±0.63d36.64±0.37b
), ArticleFig(id=1320880659107795823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同超声功率处理莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的体外消化淀粉组分含量(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称RDSSDSRS
LS53.37±0.11a12.03±0.27d34.60±0.32e
LS-050.06±0.19c13.80±0.30c36.14±0.16c
LS-24048.18±0.45d18.90±0.45ab32.92±0.01f
LS-36043.82±0.41f18.12±0.38b38.06±0.10a
LS-48044.92±0.11e19.44±0.20a35.63±0.14d
LS-60051.18±0.99b12.18±0.63d36.64±0.37b
), ArticleFig(id=1320880659179098992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Box-Behnken design and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:莲子淀粉-脂质复合物
添加量
B:水分含量C:挤压温度Y:综合评分
110−10.2946
20−110.2801
30000.4477
40−1−10.3242
5−10−10.3893
6−1100.3668
71−100.3219
80000.4432
91100.2988
100000.4699
11−1010.3642
121010.3607
130000.4401
140000.4300
15−1−100.2778
1601−10.2793
170110.3716
), ArticleFig(id=1320880659246207857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

响应面试验设计和结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:莲子淀粉-脂质复合物
添加量
B:水分含量C:挤压温度Y:综合评分
110−10.2946
20−110.2801
30000.4477
40−1−10.3242
5−10−10.3893
6−1100.3668
71−100.3219
80000.4432
91100.2988
100000.4699
11−1010.3642
121010.3607
130000.4401
140000.4300
15−1−100.2778
1601−10.2793
170110.3716
), ArticleFig(id=1320880659321705330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Variance analysis of regression equation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素平方和自由度均方F值P值
模型0.067790.007532.68<0.0001
A0.001910.00198.090.0249
B0.001610.00166.860.0345
C0.001010.00104.320.0763
AB0.003110.003113.620.0078
AC0.002110.00219.030.0198
BC0.004610.004620.170.0028
A20.008810.008838.240.0005
B20.029810.0298129.36<0.0001
C20.009810.009842.540.0003
残差0.001670.0002
失拟项0.000730.00021.120.4932
纯误差0.000940.0002
总差0.069416
R2=0.9768R2Adj=0.9468C.V.%=4.19
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回归方程方差分析

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因素平方和自由度均方F值P值
模型0.067790.007532.68<0.0001
A0.001910.00198.090.0249
B0.001610.00166.860.0345
C0.001010.00104.320.0763
AB0.003110.003113.620.0078
AC0.002110.00219.030.0198
BC0.004610.004620.170.0028
A20.008810.008838.240.0005
B20.029810.0298129.36<0.0001
C20.009810.009842.540.0003
残差0.001670.0002
失拟项0.000730.00021.120.4932
纯误差0.000940.0002
总差0.069416
R2=0.9768R2Adj=0.9468C.V.%=4.19
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Sensory results of different rice

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样品名称外观结构适口性滋味冷饭质地总分
气味颜色光泽饭粒完整度粘性弹性软硬度
莲子重组米14.006.005.004.508.008.759.2521.754.5081.75
空白重组米14.005.504.754.007.757.508.5021.254.0077.25
市售籼米18.256.506.504.006.756.257.5023.504.0083.25
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不同米的感官评价结果

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样品名称外观结构适口性滋味冷饭质地总分
气味颜色光泽饭粒完整度粘性弹性软硬度
莲子重组米14.006.005.004.508.008.759.2521.754.5081.75
空白重组米14.005.504.754.007.757.508.5021.254.0077.25
市售籼米18.256.506.504.006.756.257.5023.504.0083.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320880659632083830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880647267275536, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Texture and sensory results of different rice

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样品名称硬度(g)粘性(g·s)弹性内聚性咀嚼性(g)回复性
莲子重组米1923.95±13.17b−41.07±2.14c0.98±0.01a0.81±0.01a1621.86±60.62b0.40±0.01a
空白重组米2481.28±40.71a−12.28±1.43a0.96±0.04a0.78±0.06a2018.66±6.98a0.39±0.01a
市售籼米1831.89±216.00b−31.92±2.91b0.59±0.05b0.39±0.01b623.15±48.47c0.19±0.04b
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不同米的质构特性

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样品名称硬度(g)粘性(g·s)弹性内聚性咀嚼性(g)回复性
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空白重组米2481.28±40.71a−12.28±1.43a0.96±0.04a0.78±0.06a2018.66±6.98a0.39±0.01a
市售籼米1831.89±216.00b−31.92±2.91b0.59±0.05b0.39±0.01b623.15±48.47c0.19±0.04b
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超声辅助制备莲子淀粉-脂质复合物及其在低GI重组米中的应用
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申媛媛 1 , 唐忠海 1 , 郭时印 1 , 范伟 1 , 张娜 2, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺创新与智能制造 2026,47(18): 211-221
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食品工业科技 |工艺创新与智能制造 2026 , 47 (18) : 211 -221
超声辅助制备莲子淀粉-脂质复合物及其在低GI重组米中的应用
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申媛媛1 , 唐忠海1, 郭时印1, 范伟1, 张娜2, *
作者信息
  • 1湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖南省菜籽油营养健康与深度开发工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙 410128
  • 2塔里木大学食品科学与工程学院,南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
通讯作者:
张娜(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

申媛媛(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品资源开发与利用,E-mail:

Preparation of Lotus Seed Starch-Lipid Complex by Ultrasound and Its Application in Low GI Reconstituted Rice
Yuanyuan SHEN1 , Zhonghai TANG1, Shiyin GUO1, Wei FAN1, Na ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  • 2Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Special Agricultural Products Further Processing in Southern Xinjiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080015
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基于超声辅助水热法制备莲子淀粉-脂质复合物,探究了超声功率对其理化性质及消化特性的影响,随后以复合物、籼米粉及杂粮粉为原料制备重组米,以感官、质构和蒸煮品质为指标,采用单因素及响应面试验优化重组米制备工艺,并通过小鼠实验测定血糖生成指数(Glycemic Index,GI)。结果表明:超声功率为360 W时,莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的复合指数显著提高,溶解度与膨胀度明显低于莲子淀粉(P<0.05);红外光谱结果表明其有序度增加,抗性淀粉(Resistant Starch,RS)含量最高(38.06%±0.10%),体外消化水解曲线整体下移,表明其耐消化特性最优。优化后的重组米制备工艺为:复合物添加量24%、水分含量36%、挤压温度121 ℃、螺杆转速160 r/min。重组米适口性感官评分、粘性、内聚性、弹性、咀嚼性及回复性等指标显著高于市售籼米(P<0.05),说明重组米口感更佳。进一步于小鼠体内实验测得GI为46.07±7.56,属低GI食品,本研究为低GI重组米的开发提供了理论依据和技术参考。

莲子  /  淀粉-脂质复合物  /  超声处理  /  重组米  /  低GI

Lotus seed starch–lipid complexes were prepared using an ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method, and the effects of ultrasonic power on their physicochemical properties and digestibility were investigated. Subsequently, reconstituted rice was produced using the complexes, indica rice flour, and coarse grain flour as raw materials. The processing conditions were optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, with sensory evaluation, texture profile, and cooking quality as indicators. The glycemic index (GI) of the optimized reconstituted rice was further determined in mice. The results showed that at an ultrasonic power of 360 W, the complexing index of the lotus seed starch–lipid complex increased significantly, while solubility and swelling power were markedly lower than those of native lotus seed starch (P<0.05). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated an increase in structural order, and the resistant starch (RS) content reached its highest level (38.06%±0.10%). The in vitro hydrolysis curve shifted downward, suggesting improved resistance to digestion. The optimized processing parameters for reconstituted rice were as follows: complex addition level of 24%, moisture content 36%, extrusion temperature 121 ℃, and screw speed 160 r/min. The reconstituted rice exhibited significantly higher sensory acceptability, viscosity, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and resilience than commercial indica rice (P<0.05), indicating a superior eating quality. In vivo mouse experiments further confirmed a GI value of 46.07±7.56, classifying it as a low-GI food. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of low-GI reconstituted rice.

lotus seed  /  starch-lipid complex  /  ultrasonication processing  /  reconstituted rice  /  low GI
申媛媛, 唐忠海, 郭时印, 范伟, 张娜. 超声辅助制备莲子淀粉-脂质复合物及其在低GI重组米中的应用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 211 -221 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080015
Yuanyuan SHEN, Zhonghai TANG, Shiyin GUO, Wei FAN, Na ZHANG. Preparation of Lotus Seed Starch-Lipid Complex by Ultrasound and Its Application in Low GI Reconstituted Rice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 211 -221 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080015
根据国际糖尿病联盟统计,目前全球约有4.63亿糖尿病患者[1],而中国是糖尿病患病人口最多的国家,总数高达1.4亿[2],主要的患病类型为Ⅱ型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)。为应对这一严峻健康威胁,国家卫健委“健康中国2030”战略大力提倡低GI(Glycemic Index,GI)饮食。大米是我国居民的日常主食,而大米蒸煮后米饭的GI值超过80,属于高GI食物[3],不利于糖尿病患者长期食用。挤压重组米是以大米粉为原料,辅助改良剂或者营养强化物质,经高温、高压、挤压和剪切作用,得到类似米粒形态的主食产品[4]。针对于不同人群,重组米可根据需求添加功能性辅料。开发一款食用品质较好且具有抗消化特性的低GI重组米具有重要意义和广阔的市场前景。
当前,低GI重组米的开发主要集中在添加抗性淀粉(Resistant Starch,RS)[5]、膳食纤维[6]或蛋白质[7]等成分。淀粉-脂质复合物是一种新型RS,能够明显改善淀粉加工性质、品质特性及功能特性[8]。淀粉-脂质复合物的制备方法有很多,其中超声制备技术因效率高、无污染、易操作以及能耗较低等优点受到了越来越多的关注。已有研究证明[9],淀粉-脂质复合物能够缓解Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠“多食、多尿和体重减轻”症状,改善血糖水平,降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度,减轻肝脏的炎症病变程度。HASJIM等[10]发现高直链玉米淀粉-棕榈酸复合物能够降低人体血糖水平。因此,淀粉-脂质复合物为调节血糖、血脂,以及低GI重组米的开发提供新方向。
莲子作为一种典型的药食同源作物[11],淀粉含量约50%,其中直链淀粉含量超过40%[12],能与油酸[13]、亚油酸[14]、亚麻酸[15]形成结构稳定、抗消化性良好的复合物。孙思薇[16]研究发现莲子淀粉-共轭亚油酸复合物的形成显著降低了莲子淀粉的消化速率(P<0.05),与莲子原淀粉相比降低了约27%。贾茹[17]研究了莲子淀粉-茶多酚复合物对肥胖小鼠糖脂代谢的调节作用,结果表明该复合物可以缓解肥胖小鼠的体重上升,缓解小鼠糖耐量以及对胰岛素的敏感度,降低Ⅱ型糖尿病的发病风险。这些研究说明莲子淀粉-脂质复合物在开发低GI功能食品上具有良好的前景。但目前莲子产品多是干制、提取物等传统形态[18],少有关于莲子淀粉-脂质复合物用于生产低GI食品的研究。菜籽油是我国主要食用植物油[19],饱和脂肪酸含量较低,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%以上,具有重要的氧化稳定性和营养特性,被认为是一种有利于人体健康的食用油[20]。菜籽油中的不饱和脂肪酸可以有效降低人体中有害胆固醇的含量,调节甘油三酯水平以及改善血细胞黏度,降低心脑血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病等疾病的风险[21]。而且菜籽油的成本低于高纯度的单一脂肪酸,更适合用于糖尿病功能性产品。所以,本研究以菜籽油为脂质与莲子淀粉制备淀粉-脂质复合物,并用于制备低GI重组米,以拓展莲子淀粉的深加工路径,满足糖尿病患者对健康主食的需求。
本文采用超声辅助水热法制备莲子淀粉-脂质复合物,对比不同超声功率对复合物理化性质及消化特性的影响。通过单因素和响应面试验优化重组米工艺参数,探究莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量、水分含量、挤压温度及螺杆转速对重组米的感官、质构和蒸煮品质的影响,并通过动物实验测定重组米的GI值,最终获得兼具优良食用品质与低GI特性的主食产品。
磨皮干白莲子 湖南忆莲堂莲业有限公司;菜籽油 道道全粮油有限公司;籼米 湖南角山米业有限责任公司;雄性KM小鼠(12只,8周龄,体重为37±2 g) 成都达硕生物科技有限公司(生产许可证号:SCXK(川)2025-0030);猪胰α-淀粉酶(9.4 U/mg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(70 U/mg)、胃蛋白酶(2500 U/mg)、胰酶(8×USP specifications)、胆盐 美国Sigma公司。
FMHE36双螺杆挤压机 湖南富马科食品工程技术有限公司;BL25B31搅拌机 美的集团有限公司;92-IIN超声波破碎仪 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;SCIENTA-100YG/A冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技有限公司;IRAffinity-1傅里叶红外光谱仪 日本Shimadzu公司;TA.XT PlusC物性测试仪 英国Stable Micro Systems公司。
参考郭建军等[22]的方法。按质量比1:2称取磨皮干莲子和蒸馏水,倒入搅拌机进行磨浆。浆液经纱布过滤,滤渣再与蒸馏水混合、磨浆,重复3次。合并全部滤液,加入足量蒸馏水搅拌均匀,静置8 h后收集沉淀。沉淀经蒸馏水洗涤、静置,再用95%食品级乙醇洗涤,5000 r/min离心5 min。所得沉淀经冷冻干燥后粉碎,即得莲子淀粉,标记为LS。
配制质量分数5%的LS溶液,放入80 ℃水浴搅拌30 min。将糊化液置于超声波破碎仪中,固定超声频率和温度,分别在0、240、360、480、600 W功率下处理30 min。随后加入10%菜籽油(以淀粉干基质量计),75 ℃水浴搅拌1 h,4000 r/min离心15 min,所得沉淀经冷冻干燥后粉碎,即得莲子淀粉-脂质复合物,分别标记为LS-0、LS-240、LS-360、LS-480、LS-600。
参考SUN等[23]的方法。称取0.3 g样品,加入4.7 g蒸馏水混匀,沸水浴10 min。冷却后加入25 mL蒸馏水涡旋2 min,4000 r/min离心15 min。取0.5 mL上清液,加入15 mL蒸馏水和2 mL碘液,振荡摇匀后于620 nm波长处测定吸光度。根据公式(1)计算复合指数(Complex Indexes,CI):
$\rm \text{CI}(\text{%})=\frac{{Abs_{空白}}-{Abs_{样品}}}{{Abs_{空白}}}\times 100 $
式中:Abs空白为莲子淀粉的吸光度;Abs样品为莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的吸光度。
参考陈振家等[24]的方法,稍作修改。配制质量分数2%的样品溶液,置于90 ℃水浴搅拌30 min。冷却后4000 r/min离心15 min,收集上清液,于85 ℃烘箱干燥至恒重。根据式(2)~式(3)计算溶解度和膨胀度:
$\rm 溶解度(\text{%})=\frac{\text{C}}{\text{M}}\times 100 $
$ \text{膨胀度}{\mathrm{(g/g)}}=\frac{\text{W}}{\text{M}} $
式中:C是干燥后固形物质量,g;M是样品质量,g;W是离心后沉淀质量,g。
将样品与溴化钾以1:100(w/w)混匀、压片,以溴化钾为背景,扫描波段为4000~400 cm−1,扫描次数为32次,扫描分辨率为4 cm−1。
参考ENGLYST等[25]的方法。称取0.2 g样品,加入15 mL乙酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L,pH5.2),于80 ℃水浴搅拌30 min。然后加入5 mL混合酶液(含有2900 U猪胰α-淀粉酶和600 U淀粉葡萄糖苷酶),37 ℃恒温水浴搅拌。分别在0、20、40、80、120、160、180 min取0.5 mL消化液,加入4.5 mL无水乙醇,涡旋1 min后以5500 r/min离心15 min。取300 μL上清液,加入200 μL蒸馏水和1.5 mL DNS试剂,沸水浴5 min。冷却后用蒸馏水定容至10 mL,于540 nm波长处测定吸光度。根据式(4)~式(6)计算快消化淀粉(Rapidly Digestible Starch,RDS)、慢消化淀粉(Slowly Digestible Starch,SDS)和RS含量:
$\rm \text{RDS(\text{%})}=\frac{\left({G_{20}-G_0}\right)\times 0.9}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$\rm \text{SDS(\text{%})}=\frac{\left({G_{120}-G_{20}}\right)\times 0.9}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$ \text{RS(\text{%})=100\text{%}}-\left(\text{RDS含量+SDS含量}\right) $
式中:G20为水解20 min产生的葡萄糖含量,mg;G0为水解0 min产生的葡萄糖含量,mg;G120为水解120 min产生的葡萄糖含量,mg;TS为样品的总淀粉含量,mg。
根据公式(7)计算淀粉消化水解率:
$\rm 淀粉消化水解率(\text{%})=\frac{{G_t\times 0.9}}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
式中:Gt是水解t时间产生的葡萄糖含量,mg;TS是样品的总淀粉含量,mg。
所有物料以其占混合粉质量之比,计算添加量。将莲子淀粉-脂质复合物、籼米粉碎,过120目筛备用。固定杂粮粉添加量20%,籼米粉添加量随莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量变化而调整(两者添加量之和恒定),另加入质量分数0.5%的单双甘油脂肪酸酯,混合均匀后投入双螺杆挤压机。每次制备重组米的混合粉质量相同。制得重组米于35 ℃流化床干燥2 h,然后置于35 ℃烘箱干燥6 h。空白重组米不添加莲子淀粉-脂质复合物,其他操作同。
固定双螺杆挤压机的喂料速率。在莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量20%、螺杆转速160 r/min、挤压温度110 ℃和水分含量40%的条件下,只改变其中一个因素,分别设置复合物添加量15%、20%、25%、30%,水分含量30%、35%、40%、45%,挤压温度100、110、120、130 ℃,螺杆转速150、160、170、180 r/min,考察各因素对重组米感官、质构和蒸煮品质的综合得分的影响。
根据单因素实验结果,选择莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量、挤压温度和水分含量3个因素,分别选取3个水平,以重组米的感官、质构和蒸煮品质的综合得分为考察指标,进行响应面试验设计,如表1所示。
称取10 g样品与12 mL蒸馏水,蒸煮15 min。参考GB/T 15682-2008《粮油检验 稻谷、大米蒸煮食用品质感官评价方法》,稍作修改。选择10名食品专业研究生对米饭的气味、外观结构、适口性、滋味及冷饭质地进行评分,评价标准和分值见表2。从评分结果中去掉一个最高分和一个最低分,取剩余评分的平均值作为最终感官评分。
称取4 g样品放入蒸饭圆盒(底径为3.8 cm)中,加入4.8 mL水,置于蒸锅中蒸煮15 min。去掉上层凸出的饭粒,使米饭厚度均约0.8 cm。将盛有米饭的圆盒放在质构仪载物台上进行测定,设置测定模式TPA,探头型号P/36R,测前速度2 mm/s,测时速度2 mm/s,测后速度2 mm/s,触发力5 g,压缩力度50%,两次压缩间隔5 s。
参考KUMARI等[26]的方法。准确称取2.00 g样品,加入20 mL蒸馏水,蒸煮10 min后沥干米汤,根据公式(8)计算吸水率:
$\rm 吸水率(\text{%})=\frac{{m_1-2}}{2}\times 100 $
式中:m1为样品经蒸煮、沥干后的固形物质量,g。
收集1.2.12.1的米汤,置于85 ℃烘箱干燥至恒重,根据公式(9)计算损失率:
$\rm 损失率(\text{%})=\frac{{M_1}}{2}\times 100 $
式中:M1为米汤经干燥后得固形物质量,g。
参考苏伟航等[27]的方法。采用熵权法计算感官评分、硬度、粘性、弹性、粘聚性、咀嚼性、回复性、吸水率及蒸煮损失率的权重。单因素实验有16个评价对象(n),9个评价指标(m),首先将所有数据标准化,硬度、粘性、吸水率和蒸煮损失率属于负向指标,根据公式(10)计算;其余指标属于正向指标,根据公式(11)计算。接着根据公式(12)计算各评价对象的指标值占全部评价对象指标值之和的比重,根据公式(13)计算各评价指标信息熵。最后根据公式(14)计算各评价指标的熵权系数。
$\rm {X_{ij}}=\frac{\max (\mathrm{X}_\text{ij})-\mathrm{X}_\text{ij}}{\max (\mathrm{X}_\text{ij})-\min (\mathrm{X}_\text{ij})} $
$\rm X_{ij}=\frac{\mathrm{X}_\text{ij}-\min(\mathrm{X}_\text{ij})}{\max (\mathrm{X}_\text{ij})-\min (\mathrm{X}_\text{ij})} $
$\rm \mathrm{P}_{\text{ij}}=\mathrm{X}_{\text{ij}}\sum\nolimits_{\mathrm{j}=1}^{\mathrm{n}}{{X_{ij}}} $
$\rm e_j=-{kP_{ij}}\ln {P_{ij}} $
$\rm W_j=1-\frac{{e_j}}{\sum\nolimits_{\text{j=1}}^{\text{m}}(1-{e_j})} $
式中,i表示评价对象;j表示评价指标;Xij表示第i个评价对象的第j个指标经标准化的值;Pij表示各评价对象的指标值占全部评价对象指标值之和的比重;$\text{k}=\dfrac{1}{\ln \text{n}} $;ej表示各评价指标信息熵;Wj表示各评价指标的熵权系数。
感官评分、硬度、粘性、弹性、粘聚性、咀嚼性、回复性、吸水率及蒸煮损失率的权重见表3。综合评分=0.0755×感官总分+0.0401×硬度+0.2709×粘性+0.0549×弹性+0.1172×粘聚性+0.1777×咀嚼性+0.0627×回复性+0.0822×吸水率+0.1189×蒸煮损失率。
参考蔡攀福[28]的方法。将12只雄性KM小鼠随机分成3笼,每笼4只。适应性喂养一周后,各组禁食不禁水8 h,将葡萄糖、市售籼米、莲子重组米和空白重组米制备的悬液以0.72 g/kg·BW进行灌胃,在灌胃后0、15、30、45、60、90、120 min取小鼠尾尖血测定血糖浓度。以时间(t)为横坐标,血糖浓度为纵坐标,绘制小鼠血糖反应曲线及血糖变化反应曲线,计算血糖变化曲线下面积AUC。根据公式(15)计算GI:
$\rm GI=\frac{{AUC_{样品}}}{{AUC_{葡萄糖}}}\times 100 $
式中:AUC样品为样品的血糖变化曲线下积分面积;AUC葡萄糖为葡萄糖的血糖变化曲线下积分面积。
所有试验均重复3次,结果以平均值±标准差表示。使用SPSS27软件进行方差分析,在0.05显著性水平上确定均值间差异的显著性。采用Origin2024软件绘制图形。使用Design-Expert13软件进行响应面制图及分析。使用Graphpad Prism10.1软件计算曲线下积分面积。
复合指数(CI)是反映LS和脂质结合程度的重要指标[29]。由图1可知,复合物CI值排序为:LS-360>LS-480>LS-240>LS-600>LS-0。与LS-0相比,超声处理组的CI值均显著升高(P<0.05),表明超声处理能有效促进LS与脂质的复合。这归因于超声产生的空化效应及机械力作用,破坏了淀粉颗粒完整性,释放出更多直链淀粉片段参与复合反应[30]。超声功率大小对复合效果具有显著影响(P<0.05),LS-360的CI值最高,为36.98%±0.12%。LIU等[31]研究发现,水热处理可能会破坏LS的螺旋结构,但在超声处理后脂肪酸更易进入LS的螺旋腔,并且随着超声功率增大,LS与脂肪酸的CI值先显著升高后降低(P<0.05)。过高的超声功率一方面导致淀粉颗粒的破损程度和孔隙率增加,促使水分子与淀粉羟基形成更紧密的结合,淀粉过度糊化,从而阻碍脂质分子与淀粉的有效结合[32];另一方面导致直链淀粉的解聚严重,产生更多不能与脂质形成复合物的短链,导致CI值降低。
溶解度和膨胀度数值大小反映了淀粉颗粒相互结合的能力和持水能力[33]。由图2可知,与LS相比,所有复合物的溶解度和膨胀度均显著降低(P<0.05)。这是因为复合物具有致密有序的结构,阻碍了水分子向淀粉颗粒内部的扩散,进而抑制了淀粉的溶胀。随着超声功率的升高,复合物的溶解度和膨胀度均呈现先降低后升高的趋势。在0~360 W较小功率范围内,复合物的形成是导致淀粉溶解度和膨胀度降低的主要因素,而当超声功率持续升高至600 W,这时较高功率下淀粉颗粒破损严重,水分子在淀粉颗粒无定形区域内的扩散增强,易与淀粉中游离的羟基相结合,导致溶解度和膨胀度增加[34]。
由图3可知,6组样品的红外光谱图相似,未出现新基团特征峰,这一结果与RAZA等[33]的结论相似,即淀粉与脂质复合时仅发生了分子间的相互作用,未发生化学反应,不同样品的峰强、峰宽和出峰位置略有不同。3400 cm−1附近的吸收峰对应的是-OH的伸缩振动峰。与LS相比,复合物的-OH振动峰均发生红移,表明淀粉与脂质复合时通过氢键发生作用[8]。LS-360和LS-480红移幅度明显,说明其复合程度较高。复合物在3000~3700 cm−1区间的吸收峰变宽,进一步证明氢键相互作用增强[35]。不同超声功率处理的复合物在880 cm−1附近的峰强度不同,这是由于复合过程中淀粉结晶区和无定形区α-1,4糖苷键的排列发生了变化,反映了复合物结构有序度的改变[32]。
由图4可知,所有样品均表现出初始阶段水解率急剧增加,80 min后曲线变缓,在180 min时水解率排序为:LS>LS-0>LS-600>LS-240>LS-480>LS-360。复合物的水解率低于LS,表明复合物的形成能抑制淀粉的消化,这是由于脂质进入淀粉螺旋内部,与淀粉牢固地结合,阻碍了消化酶对淀粉的接触[36]。总体而言,LS-360和LS-480水解率曲线低于其他复合物。这是因为过低超声功率不利于复合物形成,过高超声功率处理破坏了淀粉颗粒,增加其表面积,提高了消化酶对淀粉底物的可及性。
表4为LS及其复合物的RDS、SDS和RS的具体含量。与LS相比,LS-0的RDS含量显著降低,RS含量显著升高1.54%(P<0.05),这一变化与淀粉-脂质复合物的形成相关。不同超声功率处理能够调控原淀粉形成不同消化段的形成,从而制备具有不同消化特性的淀粉-脂质复合物[37]。LS-360的RDS含量显著低于LS-0,而RS含量显著高于其他超声处理组(P<0.05),表明LS-360具有更强的延缓血糖生成能力。综上,360 W超声辅助制备的莲子淀粉-脂质复合物更适合用于制备低GI重组米。
由图5可知,重组米的综合评分随着莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量的增加,先升高后降低,当添加量为25%时综合评分最高,为0.63±0.02。这是因为复合物含量的增加提高了体系内直链淀粉含量,而直链淀粉含量与淀粉的粘性、凝胶特性及老化程度等具有密切关系[38],进而影响重组米的食用品质。在高温加工条件下,物料直链淀粉含量过高时,制出的重组米较硬,米饭无光泽;物料直链淀粉含量低时,由于淀粉的理化特性和结构主要受支链淀粉影响,淀粉颗粒结构疏松致使蒸煮出的米饭粘软、咀嚼性差。
由图6可知,重组米的综合评分随水分含量的增加,呈现出先升后降的趋势,在水分含量35%时达到最高,为0.42±0.01。这是因为水分含量影响淀粉糊化,当水分含量低时,物料间摩擦增大,受热糊化不完全,出料口易堵塞,产品颗粒不饱满;当水分含量高时,物料流动性增强,挤出物粘稠,后期干燥时间长,能耗增加[39]。
由图7可知,重组米的综合评分随挤压温度的升高,呈先升后降的趋势,在挤压温度为120 ℃时最高,为0.52±0.04。这是因为温度影响淀粉糊化,当挤压温度低时,淀粉糊化不完全,导致挤出的米粒结构疏松,咀嚼性较差,粘性低,而且疏松结构导致重组米在后续蒸煮中持水性和稳定性差,蒸煮损失率增加;当挤压温度高时,重组米在蒸煮时会易产生溶出物,导致重组米颗粒间过度粘连,影响外观[40]。
已有研究表明,当螺杆转速低时,物料所受的摩擦热不足,剪切程度弱,模头处挤出压力不足,淀粉糊化程度低,最终重组米硬度大,弹性差;当螺杆转速高时,物料在机筒内停留时间过短,热能传递不完全,淀粉糊化程度不同,最终重组米外观和质构品质不佳[41]。由图8可知,重组米的综合评分在所选螺杆转速区间(150~180 r/min)内随转速变化不显著(P>0.05),这主要归因于螺杆转速梯度设置相对集中,未包含可能产生显著影响的临界区间。因此,为便利后续响应面试验的操作,固定螺杆转速160 r/min进行重组米的制备。
响应面试验设计和结果如表5所示,回归方程为:Y=0.4462−0.0153A+0.0140B+0.0112C−0.0280AB+0.0228AC+0.0341BC−0.0457A2−0.0841B2−0.0482C2
进一步对该模型及回归系数进行回归分析,结果见表6。该回归模型P<0.0001,其失拟项P=0.4932>0.05,说明模型可靠。模型回归系数R2=0.9768,说明拟合程度良好。变异系数4.19较低,说明试验精确度较高,可靠性强。通过分析及相关数据可以看出C对重组米品质的影响不显著(P>0.05),A、B、AC交互项对响应值影响显著(P<0.05),AB、BC、A2、B2、C2对响应值影响极显著(P<0.01)。影响响应值的因素顺序由大到小为:A>B>C。
由回归方程分析可以得出最佳参数为:莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量24.10%,水分含量35.69%,挤压温度121.22 ℃,最终得分0.449。考虑实际生产操作,将最佳参数条件优化为莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量24%,水分含量36%,挤压温度121 ℃。优化后,重组米综合得分为0.442±0.039,与理论计算值相对误差为1.56%,说明该优化方案合理、可行。
图9为不同米的外观图。由表7可知,莲子重组米感官总分与市售籼米相近,说明莲子重组米的感官接受度能达到与市售籼米接近的水平。气味方面,市售籼米具有浓郁的饭香气,莲子重组米气味较淡。颜色和色泽方面,莲子重组米颜色呈澄黄色,有光泽,感官接受度高于空白重组米。饭粒完整度方面,莲子重组米优于市售籼米,这与其紧密结构有密切关系。适口性方面,莲子重组米粘性、弹性分数比市售籼米高,表明莲子重组米口感软弹、不粘牙。莲子重组米滋味评分与市售籼米接近,表明重组米无异味。
由表8可知,莲子重组米硬度与市售籼米没有显著性差异,粘性绝对值显著高于市售籼米(P<0.05),说明莲子重组米较市售籼米更粘糯可口。莲子重组米的弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性和回复性均显著大于市售籼米(P<0.05),说明重组米内部结构更加紧密,蒸煮后米粒完整性更好,口感也更富有弹性,这一结果与感官评价中适口性评分保持一致。
吸水率可以反映米粒在蒸煮过程中吸收水分能力的强弱。由图10可知,吸水率依次为空白重组米>莲子重组米≈市售籼米,这是由于挤压破坏了部分淀粉的晶体结构[42],从而使两种重组米具有较高的吸水率。重组米的蒸煮损失率高于市售籼米,这可能是因为在高温挤压过程中,体系中大分子物质断裂成小分子物质,可溶性物质增加[43],进而蒸煮损失率上升。YU等[44]研究淀粉-脂质复合物对挤压荞麦面条蒸煮品质的影响,结果显示与对照组相比,含有淀粉-脂质复合物的处理组的吸水率和蒸煮损失率显著下降(P<0.05)。面条中的淀粉-脂质复合物在淀粉分子表面产生一层致密的屏障,延缓了可溶性物质的溶解,并在蒸煮过程中阻碍水分子的扩散,从而降低面条的吸水率和损失率[45]。本实验中,添加莲子淀粉-脂质复合物后,重组米的吸水率和损失率显著下降(P<0.05),表明莲子重组米的内部淀粉颗粒之间结合紧密,水分不易扩散,在蒸煮时能较好地维持结构。
从图11(A)可看出,莲子重组米血糖反应曲线较葡萄糖和市售籼米平缓,说明莲子重组米餐后葡萄糖释放缓慢,这有利于维持饱腹感,减缓饥饿感的产生。由图11(B)可知,各组均在30 min时血糖浓度增加值最大,但莲子重组米血糖浓度增加值低于其他组,表明莲子重组米餐后消化最慢。小鼠实验测定不同米的GI值,可知莲子重组米为46.07±7.56,空白重组米为60.01±5.42,市售籼米GI值为79.46±5.08,三者均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),且市售籼米属于高GI食品,莲子重组米属于低GI食品。
超声辅助水热法可有效改善莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的理化性质及消化特性,其中360 W超声处理可显著提升淀粉与脂质的复合程度(P<0.05),诱导复合物形成更致密的有序结构,抑制淀粉溶胀,从而表现出优良的耐消化特性。然后以360 W超声辅助制备的莲子淀粉-脂质复合物、籼米粉及杂粮粉为原料,制备了重组米,通过单因素和响应面实验,获得影响重组米综合品质的因素顺序:莲子淀粉-脂质复合物>水分含量>挤压温度,确定了最优工艺参数为:莲子淀粉-脂质复合物添加量24%,水分含量36%,挤压温度121℃。在此条件下,制得的重组米感官品质与市售籼米接近,弹性、内聚性、咀嚼性、回复性显著优于市售籼米(P<0.05),动物实验测得GI值为46.07±7.56,符合低GI食品的要求(GI≤55)。本研究不仅拓宽了莲子淀粉-脂质复合物的应用范围,也为开发兼具优良食用品质与功能的低GI主食产品提供了重要参考。后续可以采用动物实验模型,研究长期食用低GI莲子重组米对Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠血糖、组织及器官的影响,评价其慢升糖功效,为低GI莲子重组米的应用提供科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025080015
  • 接收时间:2025-08-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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    1湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖南省菜籽油营养健康与深度开发工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙 410128
    2塔里木大学食品科学与工程学院,南疆特色农产品深加工兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300

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张娜(1981−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:天然产物研究与开发利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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