Article(id=1320880317511094493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070384, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753977600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852008464, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852008464, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852008464, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852008464, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=395, endPage=406, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880319075569886, articleId=1320880317511094493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Quality Changes and Shelf Life Prediction of Phyllanthus emblica L. Preserved Fruit during Light-accelerated Storage, columnId=1320880297818837042, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage, Preservation and Cold Chain Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of light exposure on the storage quality of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit and to establish a shelf-life prediction model, this study subjected two varieties, 'Huafeng' (HF) and 'Wild' (YS), packaged in transparent (TM) and light-blocking (BG) packaging bags were used as research objects. Accelerated storage experiments were carried out for 25 days at 25 ℃ and 2000 lux light conditions. Monitor 18 indicators changes, including color, texture, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and sensory dynamically. Pearson correlation analysis and chemical kinetic modeling were integrated to construct a shelf-life prediction model, enabling the estimation of product stability based on critical quality attributes. The results demonstrated that light exposure significantly accelerated quality deterioration. Notably, the L* value, b* value, hardness, elasticity, chewiness, moisture content, total acid, total sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and overall sensory score decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the a* value, ΔE value, and cohesiveness increased (P<0.05). Light-blocking (BG) packaging effectively delayed this deterioration. On day 25, the overall sensory scores ranked as follows: BG-YS>BG-HF>TM-YS>TM-HF. Pearson correlation analysis identified L* value, elasticity, and ascorbic acid content as the indicators most strongly correlated with sensory score. These were selected as key predictors, and their degradation followed zero-order kinetics. The established shelf-life prediction model showed a relative deviation between predicted and actual values of less than 10%, confirming its accuracy and reliability for the rapid assessment of the product's shelf life.

, authors=Feifei MA1, Huayan WANG1, Daiqin HE1, Ronghui LI1, Xin HU1, Yuting HUANG2, Huosheng SU1, *, authorsList=Feifei MA, Huayan WANG, Daiqin HE, Ronghui LI, Xin HU, Yuting HUANG, Huosheng SU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huosheng SU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880320451301611, articleId=1320880317511094493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=余甘子果脯在光照贮藏过程中的品质变化规律及货架期预测, columnId=1320880298024357940, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜与冷链技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究光照时间对余甘子果脯贮藏品质的影响并建立货架期预测模型,本研究以透明包装袋(TM)和避光包装袋(BG)包装的‘华丰’(HF)和‘野生’(YS)品种余甘子果脯为研究对象,在25 ℃、2000 lux光照条件下进行25 d的加速贮藏实验,动态监测色泽、质构、化学成分、抗氧化活性及感官评分等18项指标变化,结合Pearson相关性分析法与化学动力学方程,建立基于关键品质指标的货架期预测模型。结果表明:光照贮藏明显影响余甘子果脯品质,其中L*值、b*值、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、水分、总酸、总糖、还原糖、抗坏血酸、总酚、黄酮、抗氧化活性及综合感官评分等指标显著降低,而a*值、ΔE值和内聚性等指标显著升高(P<0.05)。避光包装(BG)能有效延缓品质劣变,第25 d时,余甘子果脯综合感官评分由高至低依次为BG-YS>BG-HF>TM-YS>TM-HF。Pearson相关性分析表明余甘子果脯各品质指标中L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量与感官评分相关性最高,选择以上3个指标可作为预测余甘子果脯货架期的关键指标,其变化规律符合零级动力学方程,建立的货架期模型预测值与实测值相对偏差在10%以内,证明该模型准确可信,能够快速可靠地预测余甘子果脯的货架期。

, authors=马菲菲1, 王华艳1, 何代琴1, 李荣辉1, 胡昕1, 黄钰婷2, 苏火生1, *, authorsList=马菲菲, 王华艳, 何代琴, 李荣辉, 胡昕, 黄钰婷, 苏火生, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=苏火生, authorNote=

马菲菲(1988−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
苏火生(1980−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gOMtwd21kRfUL18r7ArweA==, magXml=3v4qqEGECQbTVgK61mBnXw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xJdtaifVHTEE2mMjTahfGw==, pdfFileSize=5890113, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=T4DnqbwXCIJNH52o28Ym9w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=22wXJIYTnt8ZYCwezkRTVw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880320832983283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=469484586@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880320895897845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, authorId=1320880320832983283, language=EN, stringName=Feifei MA, firstName=Feifei, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1The Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880320967201014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, authorId=1320880320832983283, language=CN, stringName=马菲菲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,云南昆明 650221, bio={"content":"

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注:(A) L*值;(B)a*值;(C)b*值;(D)ΔE值。不同大写字母表示同一光照时间和品种下不同包装方式之间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示同一包装和品种下不同光照时间之间差异显著(P<0.05);图2~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=Fyf0Nu18VI9z0jH2VmZYFg==, figureFileBig=T4DnqbwXCIJNH52o28Ym9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325216031011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in texture of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit during storag, figureFileSmall=pmkbRxjZh3EVlKZ9e3eGzw==, figureFileBig=DCrspy4UWy5secb52x+Uag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325283139876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=图2, caption=余甘子果脯贮藏期间质构变化

注:(A)硬度;(B)弹性;(C)咀嚼性;(D)内聚性。

, figureFileSmall=pmkbRxjZh3EVlKZ9e3eGzw==, figureFileBig=DCrspy4UWy5secb52x+Uag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325379608869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes of physical and chemical indexes of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit during storage, figureFileSmall=qlapUew1LvtkcV518R5DFQ==, figureFileBig=WNXW7o6+xN1dnP81015dpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325442523430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=图3, caption=余甘子果脯贮藏期间理化指标变化

注:(A)水分;(B)总酸;(C)总糖;(D)还原糖。

, figureFileSmall=qlapUew1LvtkcV518R5DFQ==, figureFileBig=WNXW7o6+xN1dnP81015dpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325509632295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit during storage, figureFileSmall=PCyFcq2q2aICKqzTqVf7ow==, figureFileBig=QrewBuO3CYDdtRjfP2JqfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325580935464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=图4, caption=余甘子果脯贮藏期间活性物质及抗氧化活性的变化

注:(A)抗坏血酸;(B)总酚;(C)黄酮;(D)ABTS+自由基清除率;(E)DPPH自由基清除率。

, figureFileSmall=PCyFcq2q2aICKqzTqVf7ow==, figureFileBig=QrewBuO3CYDdtRjfP2JqfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325652238633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in sensory score of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit during storage, figureFileSmall=V4bj1focsJLuJ5oAAfCbNg==, figureFileBig=NkYJNxJ62ag3wj9WwBmkSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325723541802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=图5, caption=贮藏期间余甘子果脯感官评分变化

注:A. 色泽;B. 组织形态;C. 口感;D. 风味;E. 感官总分。

, figureFileSmall=V4bj1focsJLuJ5oAAfCbNg==, figureFileBig=NkYJNxJ62ag3wj9WwBmkSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325799039275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Correlation analysis of physicochemical indexes and sensory scores of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit during storage, figureFileSmall=ikjBtt6jl9bpibM/YT/CkA==, figureFileBig=fXaLN6tnXZym1NaBjw2dNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325870342444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=图6, caption=余甘子果脯贮藏期间理化指标和感官评分相关性分析

注:A. TM-HF;B. BG-HF;C. TM-YS;D. BG-YS。**表示在0.01水平(双尾)相关性极显著;*表示在0.05水平(双尾)相关性显著。

, figureFileSmall=ikjBtt6jl9bpibM/YT/CkA==, figureFileBig=fXaLN6tnXZym1NaBjw2dNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880325945839917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Group design of light acceleration experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别包装方式余甘子果脯品种
TM-HF透明包装(TM)华丰余甘子果脯(HF)
TM-YS野生余甘子果脯(YS)
BG-HF避光包装(BG)华丰余甘子果脯(HF)
BG-YS野生余甘子果脯(YS)
), ArticleFig(id=1320880326025531694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

光照加速实验组别设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别包装方式余甘子果脯品种
TM-HF透明包装(TM)华丰余甘子果脯(HF)
TM-YS野生余甘子果脯(YS)
BG-HF避光包装(BG)华丰余甘子果脯(HF)
BG-YS野生余甘子果脯(YS)
), ArticleFig(id=1320880326105223471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Cumulative light intensity under different light exposure durations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光照时间(d)光照强度(lux)累计光照强度(lux·h)
020000
5240000
10480000
15720000
20960000
251200000
), ArticleFig(id=1320880326184915248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同光照时间下的累积光照强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
光照时间(d)光照强度(lux)累计光照强度(lux·h)
020000
5240000
10480000
15720000
20960000
251200000
), ArticleFig(id=1320880327824888115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit during accelerated storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准分数(分)
色泽
(20分)
黄绿色,色泽均匀,透明,有光泽15~20
黄棕色,色泽较均匀,较透明,稍有光泽10~14
黄褐色,色泽不均匀,透明度差,略有光泽5~9
黑褐色,有杂色,不透明,无光泽1~4
组织形态
(20分)
果肉饱满,表皮完整光滑,无结晶返砂15~20
果肉不够饱满,表皮稍有破损,无结晶返砂10~14
果肉皱缩不饱满,部分开裂,稍有结晶返砂5~9
果肉干缩严重,开裂,有结晶返砂1~4
风味
(30分)
酸甜适中,有余甘子果脯特有的果香味,涩味适中,回甘明显23~30
酸甜比稍不协调,余甘子果脯果香味稍淡,涩味稍明显,回甘淡16~22
偏酸或偏甜,余甘子果脯果香味淡,涩味明显,稍有异味,无回甘8~15
很酸或很甜,无余甘子果脯果香味,涩味很重,有异味,无回甘1~7
口感
(30分)
质地细密,软硬适中,口感好,有弹性、韧性23~30
质地稍硬/软,口感较好,稍有弹性、韧性16~22
质地较硬/软,口感粗糙,弹性、韧性差8~15
质地过硬/软,口感差,无弹性、韧性1~7
), ArticleFig(id=1320880327891996980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

余甘子果脯在加速贮藏过程中的感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准分数(分)
色泽
(20分)
黄绿色,色泽均匀,透明,有光泽15~20
黄棕色,色泽较均匀,较透明,稍有光泽10~14
黄褐色,色泽不均匀,透明度差,略有光泽5~9
黑褐色,有杂色,不透明,无光泽1~4
组织形态
(20分)
果肉饱满,表皮完整光滑,无结晶返砂15~20
果肉不够饱满,表皮稍有破损,无结晶返砂10~14
果肉皱缩不饱满,部分开裂,稍有结晶返砂5~9
果肉干缩严重,开裂,有结晶返砂1~4
风味
(30分)
酸甜适中,有余甘子果脯特有的果香味,涩味适中,回甘明显23~30
酸甜比稍不协调,余甘子果脯果香味稍淡,涩味稍明显,回甘淡16~22
偏酸或偏甜,余甘子果脯果香味淡,涩味明显,稍有异味,无回甘8~15
很酸或很甜,无余甘子果脯果香味,涩味很重,有异味,无回甘1~7
口感
(30分)
质地细密,软硬适中,口感好,有弹性、韧性23~30
质地稍硬/软,口感较好,稍有弹性、韧性16~22
质地较硬/软,口感粗糙,弹性、韧性差8~15
质地过硬/软,口感差,无弹性、韧性1~7
), ArticleFig(id=1320880327959105845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameters of the kinetic model for quality change of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别零级方程一级方程
回归方程kR2回归方程kR2
L*值TM-HFy=−0.3784t+51.970.37840.9628y=52.489e−0.0490t0.54390.9597
BG-HFy=−0.1800t+50.100.18000.9894y=50.191e−0.0200t0.47600.9877
TM-YSy=−0.4572t+56.180.45720.9800y=56.676e−0.0490t0.33460.9880
BG-YSy=−0.2452t+56.480.24520.9623y=56.679e−0.0260t0.63770.9457
弹性TM-HFy=−0.0316t+2.300.03160.9874y=2.371e−0.0860t0.08600.9849
BG-HFy=−0.0200t+2.280.02000.9978y=2.310e−0.0570t0.05700.9966
TM-YSy=−0.0224t+2.350.02240.9938y=2.389e−0.0610t0.06100.9917
BG-YSy=−0.0096t+2.340.00960.9841y=2.341e−0.0220t0.02200.9820
抗坏血酸TM-HFy=−1.5308t+76.501.53080.9942y=84.806e−0.1700t0.17000.9773
BG-HFy=−1.0988t+76.211.09880.9720y=80.029e−0.1110t0.11100.9570
TM-YSy=−2.7656t+127.462.76560.9976y=144.600e−0.1910t0.19100.9817
BG-YSy=−2.2508t+127.412.25080.9905y=137.830e−0.1440t0.14400.9718
), ArticleFig(id=1320880328034603318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

余甘子果脯贮藏过程中品质变化动力学模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别零级方程一级方程
回归方程kR2回归方程kR2
L*值TM-HFy=−0.3784t+51.970.37840.9628y=52.489e−0.0490t0.54390.9597
BG-HFy=−0.1800t+50.100.18000.9894y=50.191e−0.0200t0.47600.9877
TM-YSy=−0.4572t+56.180.45720.9800y=56.676e−0.0490t0.33460.9880
BG-YSy=−0.2452t+56.480.24520.9623y=56.679e−0.0260t0.63770.9457
弹性TM-HFy=−0.0316t+2.300.03160.9874y=2.371e−0.0860t0.08600.9849
BG-HFy=−0.0200t+2.280.02000.9978y=2.310e−0.0570t0.05700.9966
TM-YSy=−0.0224t+2.350.02240.9938y=2.389e−0.0610t0.06100.9917
BG-YSy=−0.0096t+2.340.00960.9841y=2.341e−0.0220t0.02200.9820
抗坏血酸TM-HFy=−1.5308t+76.501.53080.9942y=84.806e−0.1700t0.17000.9773
BG-HFy=−1.0988t+76.211.09880.9720y=80.029e−0.1110t0.11100.9570
TM-YSy=−2.7656t+127.462.76560.9976y=144.600e−0.1910t0.19100.9817
BG-YSy=−2.2508t+127.412.25080.9905y=137.830e−0.1440t0.14400.9718
), ArticleFig(id=1320880328110100791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Shelf life predicted and measured value of various quality indicators for Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit under different packaging methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标组别预测值(d)实测值(d)相对误差(%)
L*值TM-HF52487.92
BG-HF1111037.76
TM-YS50468.29
BG-YS1101018.94
弹性TM-HF53497.74
BG-HF89845.99
TM-YS71658.97
BG-YS1781667.55
抗坏血酸TM-HF40377.85
BG-HF57547.09
TM-YS39367.31
BG-YS48457.24
), ArticleFig(id=1320880328189792568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880317511094493, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同包装方式下余甘子果脯各品质指标的货架期预测值及实测值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标组别预测值(d)实测值(d)相对误差(%)
L*值TM-HF52487.92
BG-HF1111037.76
TM-YS50468.29
BG-YS1101018.94
弹性TM-HF53497.74
BG-HF89845.99
TM-YS71658.97
BG-YS1781667.55
抗坏血酸TM-HF40377.85
BG-HF57547.09
TM-YS39367.31
BG-YS48457.24
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余甘子果脯在光照贮藏过程中的品质变化规律及货架期预测
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马菲菲 1 , 王华艳 1 , 何代琴 1 , 李荣辉 1 , 胡昕 1 , 黄钰婷 2 , 苏火生 1, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜与冷链技术 2026,47(18): 395-406
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜与冷链技术 2026 , 47 (18) : 395 -406
余甘子果脯在光照贮藏过程中的品质变化规律及货架期预测
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马菲菲1 , 王华艳1, 何代琴1, 李荣辉1, 胡昕1, 黄钰婷2, 苏火生1, *
作者信息
  • 1云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,云南昆明 650221
  • 2元谋艾莱克食品有限责任公司,云南楚雄 651300
通讯作者:
苏火生(1980−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

马菲菲(1988−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

Quality Changes and Shelf Life Prediction of Phyllanthus emblica L. Preserved Fruit during Light-accelerated Storage
Feifei MA1 , Huayan WANG1, Daiqin HE1, Ronghui LI1, Xin HU1, Yuting HUANG2, Huosheng SU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1The Institute of Agro-products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China
  • 2Yuanmou Alec Food Co., Ltd., Chuxiong 651300, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070384
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为探究光照时间对余甘子果脯贮藏品质的影响并建立货架期预测模型,本研究以透明包装袋(TM)和避光包装袋(BG)包装的‘华丰’(HF)和‘野生’(YS)品种余甘子果脯为研究对象,在25 ℃、2000 lux光照条件下进行25 d的加速贮藏实验,动态监测色泽、质构、化学成分、抗氧化活性及感官评分等18项指标变化,结合Pearson相关性分析法与化学动力学方程,建立基于关键品质指标的货架期预测模型。结果表明:光照贮藏明显影响余甘子果脯品质,其中L*值、b*值、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、水分、总酸、总糖、还原糖、抗坏血酸、总酚、黄酮、抗氧化活性及综合感官评分等指标显著降低,而a*值、ΔE值和内聚性等指标显著升高(P<0.05)。避光包装(BG)能有效延缓品质劣变,第25 d时,余甘子果脯综合感官评分由高至低依次为BG-YS>BG-HF>TM-YS>TM-HF。Pearson相关性分析表明余甘子果脯各品质指标中L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量与感官评分相关性最高,选择以上3个指标可作为预测余甘子果脯货架期的关键指标,其变化规律符合零级动力学方程,建立的货架期模型预测值与实测值相对偏差在10%以内,证明该模型准确可信,能够快速可靠地预测余甘子果脯的货架期。

余甘子果脯  /  光照贮藏  /  包装方式  /  品质劣变  /  相关性分析  /  货架期预测

To investigate the effects of light exposure on the storage quality of Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit and to establish a shelf-life prediction model, this study subjected two varieties, 'Huafeng' (HF) and 'Wild' (YS), packaged in transparent (TM) and light-blocking (BG) packaging bags were used as research objects. Accelerated storage experiments were carried out for 25 days at 25 ℃ and 2000 lux light conditions. Monitor 18 indicators changes, including color, texture, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and sensory dynamically. Pearson correlation analysis and chemical kinetic modeling were integrated to construct a shelf-life prediction model, enabling the estimation of product stability based on critical quality attributes. The results demonstrated that light exposure significantly accelerated quality deterioration. Notably, the L* value, b* value, hardness, elasticity, chewiness, moisture content, total acid, total sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and overall sensory score decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the a* value, ΔE value, and cohesiveness increased (P<0.05). Light-blocking (BG) packaging effectively delayed this deterioration. On day 25, the overall sensory scores ranked as follows: BG-YS>BG-HF>TM-YS>TM-HF. Pearson correlation analysis identified L* value, elasticity, and ascorbic acid content as the indicators most strongly correlated with sensory score. These were selected as key predictors, and their degradation followed zero-order kinetics. The established shelf-life prediction model showed a relative deviation between predicted and actual values of less than 10%, confirming its accuracy and reliability for the rapid assessment of the product's shelf life.

Phyllanthus emblica L. preserved fruit  /  light-accelerated storage  /  packaging method  /  quality deterioration  /  correlation analysis  /  shelf life prediction
马菲菲, 王华艳, 何代琴, 李荣辉, 胡昕, 黄钰婷, 苏火生. 余甘子果脯在光照贮藏过程中的品质变化规律及货架期预测. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 395 -406 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070384
Feifei MA, Huayan WANG, Daiqin HE, Ronghui LI, Xin HU, Yuting HUANG, Huosheng SU. Quality Changes and Shelf Life Prediction of Phyllanthus emblica L. Preserved Fruit during Light-accelerated Storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 395 -406 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070384
余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica L.)是大戟科叶下珠属的一种药食同源水果  [1],国内主要分布于云南、广东、广西、福建等地。目前已经从余甘子中分离鉴定出了180余种生物活性物质,主要包括酚酸、黄酮、多糖、生物碱和氨基酸等[2−3]。现代药理学研究表明,余甘子有抑菌[4]、抗炎[5]、抗氧化[6]、抗癌[7]、免疫调节[8]和改善心脏健康[9]等功效。余甘子在果脯[10]、果汁[11−12]、果冻[13]、速溶粉[14]、含片[15]等产品的开发上前景广阔[16]。果脯又称蜜饯,是指果蔬经过糖渍、烘干等工艺制成的表面无糖霜析出且具有透明感的制品[17],是云南地区余甘子的主要加工产品之一。余甘子富含抗坏血酸、多酚、黄酮等光敏化合物,易产生光氧化降解反应。调研发现,部分采用透明包装的余甘子果脯产品在货架期内即出现明显的品质劣变现象,表现为严重的非酶褐变和氧化哈败。但目前该类产品货架期的确定主要基于微生物指标的变化,而忽视了光照等环境因素对产品品质的影响[18]。
光照诱导的食品品质变化是一个不容忽视的因素,对于食品货架期预测、包装设计和消费者满意度至关重要。大量研究证实,光照会导致乳制品产生光氧化异味并造成营养素损失[19−21],引发水果及加工产品褐变[22−24],造成肉类色泽劣变[25−26],并加速含油脂食品的氧化酸败[27−29]等。Tan等[30]发现光照强度会影响牛奶样品中光氧化生物标志物的含量,明确了光照对乳类产品氧化劣变的驱动作用;Manzocco等[31]证实了饮料贮藏期间的颜色变化速率与光照强度呈线性正相关,量化了光照对饮料色泽劣变的影响;Chen等[32]借助HPLC-MS技术揭示光照可引发果汁中多酚氧化聚合并生成褐色聚合物,从分子层面阐明了光照导致果汁褐变的机制。以上研究从不同食品品类、不同劣变维度共同证实了光照是驱动食品体系发生品质劣变的关键环境诱因。同时,光氧化速率受光照时间、光照强度、光源类型、波长范围、贮藏温度和食品成分的影响[30]。食品货架陈列区的光照强度普遍处于300~2000 lux[33],300~500 nm是食品褐变的关键激发段光线,其中465 nm是加速氧化实验的代表性波长[34],以上光照参数可指导光照加速实验条件的设置。针对食品的加速试验,目前应用最广泛的是以温度、湿度和光照加速来预测食品货架寿命[35−36]。化学动力学零级或一级反应广泛用于描述食品品质与贮藏时间的关系,可确定反应速率常数和货架期,通过建立货架期预测模型能快速、方便、准确地进行产品货架期预测。但利等[37]以手撕板鸭为对象,建立了不同贮藏温度下板鸭货架期预测模型,徐文婷等[38]、张喻等[29]建立了澳洲坚果果仁、咸干花生的动力学预测模型。
目前尚无光照对余甘子果脯品质的影响以及货架期预测模型建立方面的研究。鉴于此,本研究以透明(TM)和避光(BG)包装的2个品种余甘子果脯为研究对象,在25 ℃、光照强度为2000 lux、蓝光波长为465 nm的条件下,进行25 d的光照加速破坏实验,监测色泽参数、质构特性、化学成分、抗氧化活性和感官品质等18项指标的变化趋势,并对品质指标进行Pearson相关性分析,确定品质劣变的关键因子;结合化学动力学方程构建余甘子果脯货架期预测模型,以期为余甘子果脯光照贮藏品质控制和货架期预测提供理论依据。
‘华丰’‘野生’余甘子(云南代表性品种) 市售;食品级柠檬酸、抗坏血酸 江苏佰业生物科技有限公司;葡萄糖标准品、抗坏血酸标准品、没食子酸标准品、芦丁标准品(以上标准品纯度≥99%)、2,6-二氯靛酚、福林酚、ABTS+自由基清除率试剂盒、DPPH自由基清除率试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;3,5-二硝基水杨酸、硝酸铝、草酸 天津市风船化学试剂有限公司;蒽酮、邻苯二甲酸氢钾、亚硝酸钠、碳酸钠、盐酸、醋酸、硫酸、偏磷酸 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;氢氧化钠 成都金山化学试剂有限公司;无水乙醇 云南景锐科技有限公司;上述试剂均为分析纯。
MGC-300B光照培养箱、BWS-5恒温与水浴锅 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;LS330高精度光谱照度检测仪 深圳市林上科技有限公司;16丝食品级透明、避光包装袋 石家庄喜龙包装有限公司;L3.5TB1闭环除湿热泵干燥机 广东威而信实业有限公司;ME204电子分析天平 梅特勒托利多仪器有限公司;BPG-9140A精密鼓风干燥箱、TGL-16M冷冻离心机、Multiskan GO酶标仪 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司;CM-5台式色差仪 日本柯尼卡美能达公司;TM-Touch食品质构测定仪 美国Food Technology Corporation公司;FSJ-A03E1型粉碎机 小浣熊电器有限公司;KQ-700DE数控超声波清洗器 昆山市超声仪器有限公司。
工艺流程:原料选择→清洗除杂→去核→杀青→浸糖→烘干→成品。
操作要点:选用成熟度适宜、果形完整、无病虫害、无腐烂及机械损伤的新鲜余甘子;清洗干净进行蒸制处理5 min,人工或机械去核;取等量水煮沸后投入余甘子,保持微沸状态2~3 min,杀青后的余甘子立即倒入冷水中冷却至常温;将白砂糖加入水中加热至完全溶解,初始糖液浓度为40°Brix~50°Brix,余甘子和糖液的比例为1:1,渗糖18~24 h;渗糖后去除表面糖渍,均匀平铺于烘盘上,置于55~70 ℃烘房内烘干,烘干6~10 h,余甘子果脯最终水分含量为25%~30%。冷却至室温,采用食品级包装袋包装。余甘子果脯产品的水分和总糖含量均符合GB/T 10782-2021《蜜饯质量通则》的要求。色泽、质构、水分和感官指标使用完整果脯测定;其余指标用粉碎机粉碎后的粉末样品测定,测定周期为3 d。
挑选大小、色泽均匀的余甘子果脯,分别采用0.10 mm厚16丝的透明包装袋和避光包装袋(TM透光率≥95%,BG透光率≤5%),统一密封包装(100 g/袋)后,在25 ℃,相对湿度50%±5%条件下,采用光照培养箱模拟货架光照[39],光源为白色发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode,LED),光照强度2000 lux,蓝光峰值465±5 nm,样品距离光源20 cm,在恒温恒湿条件下进行为期25 d的加速破坏试验,每天打乱一次摆放顺序,每5 d取一次样进行指标测定。光照加速实验组别设计如表1所示,不同光照时间下的累积光照强度如表2所示。
色泽测定参考胡丽丽等[40]的方法并加以改进,采用CM-5型台式色差仪,测定前用标准白板进行校准,以亮度值L*、红绿度值a*和黄蓝度值b*表示。根据下式计算总色差∆E,通过比较∆E评价果脯贮藏期间的颜色变化。
$ \Delta E=\sqrt{{({L}^{\text{*}}-L_{0}^{\text{*}})}^{2}+{({a}^{\text{*}}-a_{0}^{\text{*}})}^{2}+{({b}^{\text{*}}-b_{0}^{\text{*}})}^{2}} $
式中:ΔE为余甘子果脯光照贮藏期间的总色差,L0*、a0*、b0*分别为贮藏前余甘子果脯的亮度值、红绿度值、黄蓝度值;L*、a*、b*为贮藏结束时的色值参数。
质构测定参考牛丽影等[41]的方法并加以改进,选用50 mm圆盘型探头,测试样品选取大小均匀、形态完整的半球形果脯,测定参数设置为检测速度1.0 mm/s,触发力1 N,压缩距离2 mm,形变量20%。
根据GB/T 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》测定。
根据GB/T 12456-2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》中所述的酸碱指示剂滴定法测定,结果以柠檬酸计。
根据GB/T 5009.86-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》中的2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法测定。
总糖提取参照王丽等[42]的方法并加以改进,总糖含量测定采用苯酚-硫酸法[43]。称取1.0 g样品粉末,加入10 mL体积分数60%的乙醇溶液,200 W超声提取30 min,8000 r/min离心15 min,上清液为总糖提取液。取0.4 mL上清液,加入0.4 mL质量分数为6%的苯酚溶液,再加2.4 mL浓硫酸溶液,用体积分数60%乙醇溶液补足至4 mL,混合均匀,静置30 min,于490 nm波长处测定吸光度。
还原糖提取同1.2.3.6,还原糖含量测定参照王丽等[42]的方法并加以改进,采用二硝基水杨酸法。取1 mL稀释50倍后的提取液,加入1.5 mL DNS溶液,沸水浴7 min冷却后,于540 nm波长处测定吸光度。
总酚提取参照刘祚祚等[44]的方法并加以改进,采用福林酚法。称取1 g样品粉末,加入10 mL体积分数60%乙醇溶液,60 ℃、200 W超声提取40 min,12000 r/min离心15 min,上清液为总酚提取液。总酚含量测定参照Rambaran[45]的方法并加以改进,取0.5 mL上清液,加入0.5 mL 1 mol/L的福林酚溶液,避光反应6 min后,再加入2.5 mL质量分数为20%的Na2CO3溶液,用体积分数60%的乙醇溶液补足至5 mL,充分混匀后避光静置90 min,于760 nm波长处测定吸光度。
黄酮提取同上述总酚提取方法,黄酮含量测定参照陈洪彬等[46]的方法并加以改进,以芦丁为标准品,采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝法测定。取0.6 mL上清液,加入0.2 mL质量分数为5%的亚硝酸钠溶液和0.02 mL质量分数为10%的硝酸铝溶液,避光反应6 min后,再加入质量分数为4%的氢氧化钠溶液和0.8 mL体积分数60%的乙醇溶液,充分混匀后避光静置15 min,于510 nm波长处测定吸光度。
样品制备:取0.05 g样品加入1 mL提取液,于40 ℃浸提30 min,再10000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液置于冰上待测。ABTS+自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力采用试剂盒测定。
由10名经验丰富的感官品评员组成感官评定小组,参考熊添等[47]的评定方法并略作修改,当感官评分低于60分时,不再有市售余甘子果脯特征,将其作为余甘子果脯货架期终点,具体评价标准如表3所示。从色泽、组织形态、风味和口感4个维度对余甘子果脯的品质进行感官评价,结果取平均值。
将影响余甘子果脯品质的指标进行Pearson相关性分析,得到与感官评分相关系数最高的品质指标,即为贮藏期间影响样品货架期的关键指标[48],然后利用零级(式2)和一级(式3)动力学方程对关键指标进行拟合分析,根据拟合程度,确定反应级数和反应速率常数k。
$ {\text{y}}_{\text{t}}={\text{y}}_{0}\text{+kt} $
$ {\text{y}}_{\text{t}}={\text{y}}_{0}{\text{e}}^{\text{kt}} $
式中:t为贮藏时间(d);y0和yt分别为样品在0 d和t d的理化指标;k为反应速率常数。
本实验色泽、质构测定为5次平行,其余所有实验均进行3次平行,结果为“平均值±标准差”。采用Excel 2019软件对数据进行分析,采用Origin 2021软件作图。使用SPSS Statistics 26.0软件对数据进行显著性和Pearson相关性分析,采用Duncan多重极差检验比较平均值的差异显著性,显著性水平为P<0.05。
余甘子果脯中的主要色素是花青素、类胡萝卜素和黄酮类物质,其含有不饱和双键,在光照贮藏过程中易发生氧化和非酶褐变[49−51]。如图1所示,余甘子果脯L*值、b*值在光照贮藏期间呈显著下降趋势,a*值和∆E值呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。第25 d时,与初始值相比,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的L*值分别下降19.29%、21.00%、9.18%、11.26%,b*值分别下降23.59%、19.78%、10.78%、13.55%,a*值分别升高105.74%、85.09%、50.00%、30.84%,ΔE值分别升高至12.28、13.01、5.78、7.25。当∆E值≥2时,表示样品色泽变化明显,ΔE值升高的原因可能是多酚氧化生成黄色醌类聚合物[39]。综上说明,长时间的光暴露会使不同包装方式、不同品种的余甘子果脯色泽发生明显劣变,且TM组褐变程度显著高于BG组(P<0.05),BG包装能显著减缓光诱导降解和非酶褐变[52−53]。
TPA(Texture Profile Analysis)也称全质构分析法,常作为评价食品质地的有效方法[54]。图2为贮藏期间余甘子果脯质构变化情况,随着光照时间的延长,余甘子果脯硬度、弹性和咀嚼性较贮藏前均显著下降,内聚性较贮藏前显著上升(P<0.05)。第25 d时,与初始值相比,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的硬度分别下降34.41%、23.27%、17.57%、16.25%,弹性分别下降36.24%、25.23%、24.21%、10.53%,咀嚼性分别下降38.34%、34.75%、19.84%、15.47%,内聚性分别升高32.08%、24.53%、22.11%、22.64%。余甘子果脯在光照贮藏期间的质构变化可能是水分迁移、果胶降解、多酚氧化及光照氧化应激共同作用的结果[55]。综上说明,光照强度对余甘子果脯贮藏期间的质构特性具有显著影响,BG组样品的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性变化速率显著低于TM组(P<0.05),BG包装有利于果脯贮藏期质构品质的维持,且在整个贮藏期间YS品种质构稳定性优于HF品种。
随着光照强度的累积,余甘子果脯水分、总酸、总糖和还原糖含量较贮藏前明显下降。如图3(A)所示,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的水分含量分别下降3.23%、3.70%、1.91%、3.16%,组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。受到光解、氧化和美拉德等加速复杂反应网络的影响,贮藏过程中总酸、总糖和还原糖呈现同时下降趋势(P<0.05),TM组样品总酸、总糖和还原糖下降速率显著高于BG组(P<0.05)。如图3(B)所示,第25 d时,与初始值相比,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的总酸含量分别下降37.97%、40.28%、34.55%、28.07%,YS品种总酸含量下降速率高于HF品种,可能是YS品种中的有机酸(如柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸)更丰富,对光线和温度更敏感[56]。如图3(C)和图3(D)所示,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的总糖含量分别下降49.03%、41.06%、10.74%、7.61%;还原糖含量分别下降19.27%、15.59%、3.72%、2.70%,TM包装样品的总糖和还原糖的下降速率是BG包装的4~7倍,可能是余甘子果脯中的蔗糖会通过光解自氧化和光敏氧化途径先分解成葡萄糖和果糖,再进一步产生如5-羟甲基糠醛、2-糠醛等糖降解产物,从而导致贮藏期间糖含量损失,同时伴随产品颜色加深[57]。在贮藏过程中,BG包装有利于余甘子果脯糖酸含量的维持。
水果中的抗坏血酸、总酚、黄酮含量不仅影响其贮藏加工特性和抗氧化能力[58−59],还直接或间接参与非酶褐变反应[60−61],且该类物质在高温、光照或氧气存在的情况下均会加速降解[62]。随着光照时间的延长,余甘子果脯中抗坏血酸、总酚、黄酮、ABTS+自由基清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力较贮藏前均显著下降(P<0.05)。如图4(A)所示,第25 d时,与初始值相比,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的抗坏血酸含量分别下降56.25%、61.10%、40.37%、49.73%。抗坏血酸氧化后产生H2O2及醛类,进而氧化有机酸、触发美拉德反应,最终又消耗总酸与总糖,此外余甘子果脯的高酚、低pH特性会显著加速该进程,呈现出抗坏血酸-总酸-总糖同时下降的趋势[63]。
如图4(B)所示,第25 d时,与初始值相比,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的总酚含量分别下降52.08%、67.89%、36.11%、52.07%,胡丽丽[64]在草莓果脯中得出了相似的结果,因为酚类物质具有光不稳定性,与美拉德反应产生的物质结合生成其他衍生物,导致总酚含量降低[22]。Chen等[32]证实465 nm波长的蓝光因具备更高光子能量,可高效激发多酚共轭体系生成半醌自由基,使果汁中多酚氧化速率提高3.2倍,本研究中余甘子果脯在2000 lux白光(含465 nm蓝光峰值)下贮藏25 d后,TM-YS样品总酚损失率高达67.89%,与该机制高度吻合。野生余甘子中富含鞣花酸、单宁,有更多酚羟基[3],其O-H键更易被蓝光断裂,所以YS品种的酚类损失率高于HF品种,酚羟基作为光敏位点,在光照下更易生成醌类褐变产物,这解释了上文YS品种在光照下褐变速率更快,ΔE值升幅高于HF的现象。如图4(C)所示,第25 d时,与初始值相比,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的黄酮含量分别下降74.64%、50.53%、50.08%、29.02%,黄酮类物质通过提供氢原子或电子,淬灭光照过程中产生的大量活性氧自由基(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS),使ROS还原成稳定分子,而黄酮物质自身则被氧化为醌类或其他非活性产物[65]。
用ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力来评估余甘子果脯的抗氧化能力,自由基清除率越高,其抗氧化能力越强。如图4(D)和图4(E)所示,第25 d时,与初始值相比,TM-HF、TM-YS、BG-HF、BG-YS 4个样品的ABTS+自由基清除率分别下降41.51%、38.51%、27.65%、20.90%,DPPH自由基清除率分别下降29.17%、37.31%、11.37%、26.08%。Zhang等[66]和Das等[67]发现余甘子干制品在光照贮藏过程中抗氧化能力下降主要是因为光敏性物质氧化降解,非酶褐变加剧,加速了酚羟基的氧化和类黄酮的异构化,导致电子供体能力减弱,自由基清除能力降低。综上所述,BG材料的紫外-可见光阻隔功能,通过切断400~500 nm关键激发波段光线,降低活性氧生成率,显著延缓余甘子果脯中活性物质含量的损失,抑制抗氧化活性的下降(P<0.05)。
感官评分是评价食品品质最直观的一项指标[68],余甘子果脯贮藏过程中的感官评分如图5所示,随着光照时间的延长,余甘子果脯的感官品质明显降低,并且TM组分数下降速率明显快于BG组。持续的光照使余甘子果脯发生了氧化劣变、非酶褐变和组织结构变化,使果脯失去了原有的色泽、形态、口感和风味,感官评分下降。第25 d时,余甘子果脯感官总分由高至低依次为BG-YS>BG-HF>TM-YS>TM-HF,YS品种感官总分始终高于HF品种。
参考刘政权等[48]的方法对余甘子果脯的品质指标进行Pearson相关性分析,Pearson相关系数可以衡量定距变量之间的线性关系以筛选最佳表征指标。如图6A~图6D,在0~25 d光照贮藏期间TM-HF、BG-HF、TM-YS、BG-YS 4组样品的感官评分与品质指标之间均存在显著相关性,不同组别理化指标与感官评分之间的相关系数均大于0.80,说明指标之间的相关性较好,除a*值、ΔE值、内聚性与感官评分之间呈负相关关系外,其他指标与感官评分之间均呈正相关关系。不同组别余甘子果脯的L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量与感官评分之间的相关性较其他指标更高,且均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。TM-HF组L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量与感官评分相关系数分别为:0.98、0.99、0.97;BG-HF组分别为:0.99、0.99、0.99;TM-YS组分别为:0.99、0.98、0.98;BG-YS组分别为:0.99、0.98、0.97。在光照贮藏过程中,余甘子果脯的抗坏血酸含量与L*值、弹性呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),抗坏血酸的降解反应程度和速率是影响产品亮度和色泽变化的关键因素,弹性变化影响产品的组织结构和质地特性,从而反映出其口感变化。因此,下文选用L*值、弹性和抗坏血酸含量3个指标作为余甘子果脯光照加速贮藏期间品质评价和货架期预测模型的关键指标。同时,根据前期实验结果,当余甘子果脯感官评分低于60分时不再有市售特征,将其作为货架期终点。检测不同组别余甘子果脯的L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量临界值,TM-HF组分别为32.35、0.63 mm、15.20 mg/g;BG-HF组分别为30.11、0.51 mm、13.23 mg/g;TM-YS组分别为33.32、0.77 mm、20.21 mg/g;BG-YS组分别为29.29、0.63 mm、19.82 mg/g。
食品加工和贮藏过程中,大多数的品质指标变化都遵循零级或一级化学动力学方程[69]。现以L*值、弹性和抗坏血酸含量作为光照贮藏期间品质劣变动力学的关键指标,用零级反应式和一级反应式对其变化趋势进行回归拟合分析,可得到相应的线性回归方程、反应速率常数k和决定系数R2,R2越大,则说明动力学模型的拟合度越高。由表4可知,不同组别余甘子果脯的L*值、弹性和抗坏血酸含量的零级动力学模型R2均大于0.96,拟合度优于一级动力学模型,说明余甘子果脯光照贮藏品质变化更符合零级动力学模型。
根据零级反应动力学模型得到各个组别和指标下的k,根据货架终点时L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量临界值,将各临界值带入零级方程中,得到如表5所示的预测值及实测值。研究表明,货架期预测误差在10%以内具有良好的精确度[70]。因此,本实验以L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量为指标所建立的货架期预测模型具有较好的可靠性,能够有效预测不同包装方式下余甘子果脯的货架期。Zhang等[34]表明,透光率≤5%的避光包装可阻断400~500 nm高能量蓝光,BG包装能明显延缓L*值和弹性的下降。以L*值为评判指标,BG-HF和BG-YS的预测货架期分别延长至111 d、110 d;以弹性为评判指标,BG-HF和BG-YS的预测货架期分别延长至89 d、178 d。对抗坏血酸的保护相对较弱,BG-HF和BG-YS的预测货架期分别延长至57 d、48 d,抗坏血酸是水溶性小分子,更易通过核黄素介导的ROS光敏反应降解,所以需结合抗氧化剂协同保护。该研究结合货架期模型验证了避光包装对光敏性果脯的保护效果。
不同包装方式的余甘子果脯在光照加速贮藏条件下品质指标变化的研究结果表明,随着光照时间的延长,余甘子果脯的水分降低,果脯的L*值、b*值、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、总酸、总糖、还原糖、抗坏血酸、总酚、黄酮、ABTS+自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、感官评分指标显著下降(P<0.05),a*值、∆E值和内聚性显著上升(P<0.05)。感官评分与品质指标之间均存在显著相关性,不同组别理化指标与感官评分之间的相关系数均大于0.80。其中L*值、弹性、抗坏血酸含量与感官评分之间的相关性较其他指标更高,且均呈正极显著相关(P<0.01),可作为余甘子果脯光照加速贮藏期间品质评价和货架期预测模型的关键指标,基于关键指标构建的零级动力学模型,预测货架期误差<10%,模型可靠,避光包装有利于余甘子果脯各项指标的维持,延缓品质劣变,显著延长了货架期。YS品种初始品质及全程感官评分均优于HF品种,但由于YS品种更高的初始酚类与有机酸含量,其酚类损失率高于HF品种。本研究对不同包装形式和不同品种的余甘子果脯在光照加速贮藏条件下的品质变化规律进行了研究,为企业选择合适的包装方式、贮藏条件以及货架期预测提供了理论依据和参考借鉴。考虑到不同品质指标的衰减特异性,未来可通过加权线性回归或偏最小二乘回归模型构建综合品质模型,进一步实现多指标的统一预测。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070384
  • 接收时间:2025-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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    1云南省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,云南昆明 650221
    2元谋艾莱克食品有限责任公司,云南楚雄 651300

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苏火生(1980−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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