Article(id=1320880668591112197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070378, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753977600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852092168, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852092168, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852092168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852092168, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=192, endPage=201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880668758884358, articleId=1320880668591112197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of the Preparation Process of Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil Microcapsules by Spray Drying and Its Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characterization, columnId=1320880529025643003, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Process Innovation and Intelligent Manufacturing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To develop new products of sea buckthorn seed oil, the microencapsulated products were prepared by spray drying, and their physicochemical properties and structural characteristics were analyzed. The preparation process was optimized by single factor experiment and response surface experiment. The results showed that the optimal preparation parameters were as follows: inlet air temperature was 158 ℃, inlet air volume was 0.63 m3/min, feed temperature was 70 ℃ and feed rate was 4.80 mL/min. Under these conditions, the embedding rate of microcapsules was 91.31%. The physicochemical properties showed that the moisture content of the microcapsule product was 3.47%, the angle of repose was 37.2°, and the solubility was 96.52%. The results of thermal analysis showed that its glass transition temperature was 68.3 ℃, which indicated that it had good thermal stability. The results of microstructure determination showed that the microcapsules were spherical or ellipsoidal, with uniform particle size distribution (1~10 μm), smooth and dense surface and intact structure. The successful embedding of microcapsules was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The results of storage stability showed that microencapsulation improved the storage stability of sea buckthorn seed oil and prolonged its storage time. This research provides an effective technological solution for the development of functional foods with sea buckthorn seed oil.

, authors=Libin ZHU1, 2, Xin LIU1, 3, Guangcai NIU1, 2, *, Dan ZHU4, *, Wenyi WEI1, 2, Jian JIA1, 2, Sensen WANG1, 2, authorsList=Libin ZHU, Xin LIU, Guangcai NIU, Dan ZHU, Wenyi WEI, Jian JIA, Sensen WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guangcai NIU, Dan ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880672630226978, articleId=1320880668591112197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=沙棘籽油微胶囊喷雾干燥法制备工艺优化及其理化性质与结构表征, columnId=1320880529201803773, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺创新与智能制造, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为开发沙棘籽油新产品,本研究采用喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊化产品,并对其理化性质与结构特性进行分析。通过单因素实验和响应面试验对其制备工艺进行优化,结果表明,其制备的最佳参数为:进风温度158 ℃、进风量0.63 m3/min、进料温度70 ℃、进料速率4.80 mL/min,在此条件下微胶囊包埋率为91.31%。理化特性显示,微胶囊产品的水分含量为3.47%、休止角为37.2°、溶解度为96.52%。热分析结果显示其玻璃态转变温度为68.3 ℃,具有良好的热稳定性。微观结构测定结果显示,所得微胶囊呈球状或椭球状,粒径分布均匀(1~10 μm),表面光滑致密,结构完整;红外光谱证实了微胶囊包埋成功。储藏稳定性结果显示,微胶囊化处理提高了沙棘籽油的储藏稳定性,延长了其储藏时间。该研究为沙棘籽油功能食品开发提供了有效技术方案。

, authors=朱立斌1, 2, 刘鑫1, 3, 牛广财1, 2, *, 朱丹4, *, 魏文毅1, 2, 贾建1, 2, 王森森1, 2, authorsList=朱立斌, 刘鑫, 牛广财, 朱丹, 魏文毅, 贾建, 王森森, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=牛广财, 朱丹, authorNote=

朱立斌(1997−),男,博士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
牛广财(1971−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
朱丹(1972−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:植物资源开发利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0MahLdCtFnco1isd0heEGg==, magXml=oWT0qDsnktHoFWpuxpaMqA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SLo99zHz2PyZH08M/y62ZQ==, pdfFileSize=2176283, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=J1sRlhZPuUiPno482D7JIg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=JUBFs/Hcgu2kQpeCi7StyA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880673204846642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1093574150@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880673414561847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, authorId=1320880673204846642, language=EN, stringName=Libin ZHU, firstName=Libin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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注:不同字母表示差异性显著(P<0.05),图2~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=v6pLRtnaNR4b6gMJxVsFpQ==, figureFileBig=J1sRlhZPuUiPno482D7JIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880677675974760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of inlet air volume on embedding rate of microcapsules, figureFileSmall=gSHUk0QBDGKJ9r2UZ4khnw==, figureFileBig=j3tlTsFzPEWXw11RS294Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880677751472233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图2, caption=进风量对微胶囊包埋率的影响, figureFileSmall=gSHUk0QBDGKJ9r2UZ4khnw==, figureFileBig=j3tlTsFzPEWXw11RS294Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880677826969706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of feed temperature on embedding rate of microcapsules, figureFileSmall=Pxih0o4VJK/+M0gWYATbaw==, figureFileBig=Y+5N/uSQxO3MFayyWwmsMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880677906661483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图3, caption=进料温度对微胶囊包埋率的影响, figureFileSmall=Pxih0o4VJK/+M0gWYATbaw==, figureFileBig=Y+5N/uSQxO3MFayyWwmsMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880677982158956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of feed rate on embedding rate of microcapsules, figureFileSmall=C4QRbR5hvip7xtGOUYiHdw==, figureFileBig=+ZTk0Y3tuLpV8HQvJt72ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678049267821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图4, caption=进料速率对微胶囊包埋率的影响, figureFileSmall=C4QRbR5hvip7xtGOUYiHdw==, figureFileBig=+ZTk0Y3tuLpV8HQvJt72ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678128959598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Response surface and contour plot of the interaction effect of the air volume and feed temperature on embedding rate of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules, figureFileSmall=LrdNUwty9+6HR9MS7eHw5Q==, figureFileBig=VzpPs/+CcurhYgn1MH5HKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678221234287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图5, caption=进风量与进料温度交互作用对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率影响的响应曲面和等高线图, figureFileSmall=LrdNUwty9+6HR9MS7eHw5Q==, figureFileBig=VzpPs/+CcurhYgn1MH5HKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678288343152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Response surface and contour plot of the interaction effect of the air volume and feed rate on embedding rate of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules, figureFileSmall=8CpPEfpbeeJduFoFnfQLGA==, figureFileBig=vDHfEy+1Rr9F1MwXKFTI2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678368034929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图6, caption=进风量与进料速率交互作用对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率影响的响应曲面和等高线图, figureFileSmall=8CpPEfpbeeJduFoFnfQLGA==, figureFileBig=vDHfEy+1Rr9F1MwXKFTI2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678430949490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Response surface and contour plot of the interaction effect of the feed temperature and feed rate on embedding rate of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules, figureFileSmall=Y+wFM9k2YMceboXzHSYnEQ==, figureFileBig=fxQvdjHGamxN3KRKZm/6cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678502252659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图7, caption=进料温度与进料速率交互作用对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率影响的响应曲面和等高线图, figureFileSmall=Y+wFM9k2YMceboXzHSYnEQ==, figureFileBig=fxQvdjHGamxN3KRKZm/6cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678569361524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Particle size distribution of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules, figureFileSmall=AXbLqWp2NVkb8cWgnGiKEg==, figureFileBig=YBUbNAZWU735NzJsktsVYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678640664693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图8, caption=沙棘籽油微胶囊粒径分布图

注:1为粒径累计百分比;2为体积加权平均粒径。

, figureFileSmall=AXbLqWp2NVkb8cWgnGiKEg==, figureFileBig=YBUbNAZWU735NzJsktsVYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678699384950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=TG curves of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules, figureFileSmall=ClnXNFOpntxJgmfvqKFtSg==, figureFileBig=Tc+TzaPGQxJ3CHRNZhb7mA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678766493815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图9, caption=沙棘籽油微胶囊的TG图, figureFileSmall=ClnXNFOpntxJgmfvqKFtSg==, figureFileBig=Tc+TzaPGQxJ3CHRNZhb7mA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678829408376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=DSC curves of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules, figureFileSmall=kgV79hYV0Ypu0N/C3II6sw==, figureFileBig=v1DL2pjsucR3yqMhpRHfcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678904905850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图10, caption=沙棘籽油微胶囊的DSC图

注:1为吸热峰;2为放热峰。

, figureFileSmall=kgV79hYV0Ypu0N/C3II6sw==, figureFileBig=v1DL2pjsucR3yqMhpRHfcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880678976209019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Infrared spectrum of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules and its components, figureFileSmall=aQX/uJDTTLB5SV9r/ybCKQ==, figureFileBig=MaqDuQRMvlqENOJwGUQaLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880679034929276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图11, caption=沙棘籽油微胶囊及其组成成分的红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=aQX/uJDTTLB5SV9r/ybCKQ==, figureFileBig=MaqDuQRMvlqENOJwGUQaLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880679097843837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Scanning electron microscopy image of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules, figureFileSmall=q09oHZseDQHti1Tzez5Qvw==, figureFileBig=6Z0RUCnQlVZpse3WYq7WTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880680737816703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图12, caption=沙棘籽油微胶囊SEM扫描电镜图

注:A放大950倍;B放大5000倍。

, figureFileSmall=q09oHZseDQHti1Tzez5Qvw==, figureFileBig=6Z0RUCnQlVZpse3WYq7WTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880680855257216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Changes of POV of sea buckthorn seed oil and its microcapsule products during storage, figureFileSmall=oXaOx/Ai0QIb3buNC3YLBA==, figureFileBig=0d8IDd+lVJQBFB8kjzrgmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880680939143297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=图13, caption=沙棘籽油及其微胶囊产品储藏期间过氧化值的变化, figureFileSmall=oXaOx/Ai0QIb3buNC3YLBA==, figureFileBig=0d8IDd+lVJQBFB8kjzrgmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880681002057858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of response surface experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A:进风温度
(℃)
B:进风量
(m3·min−1)
C:进料温度
(℃)
D:进料速率
(mL·min−1)
−11500.55601.5
01600.60653.5
11700.65705.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681081749635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素水平设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平A:进风温度
(℃)
B:进风量
(m3·min−1)
C:进料温度
(℃)
D:进料速率
(mL·min−1)
−11500.55601.5
01600.60653.5
11700.65705.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681148858500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Design scheme and result of Box-Behnken experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:进风温
度(℃)
B:进风量
(m3·min−1)
C:进料温
度(℃)
D:进料速率
(mL·min−1)
Y:包埋率
(%)
11500.55653.5083.55
21600.60653.5089.72
31600.60653.5091.21
41600.55651.5089.29
51600.55703.5086.68
61600.60701.5084.91
71600.65603.5084.14
81600.60705.5089.98
91600.60601.5087.96
101600.55655.5085.84
111500.65653.5084.76
121500.60603.5084.54
131600.65703.5089.55
141600.60605.5083.07
151600.65655.5088.65
161600.60653.5090.87
171700.60703.5082.21
181600.65651.5084.86
191500.60703.5086.42
201700.55653.5083.06
211500.60655.5081.29
221500.60651.5083.94
231600.60653.5090.24
241700.60651.5081.29
251700.60655.5081.97
261600.60653.5089.72
271600.55603.5088.69
281700.65653.5082.17
291700.60603.5082.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681224355973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Box-Behnken试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:进风温
度(℃)
B:进风量
(m3·min−1)
C:进料温
度(℃)
D:进料速率
(mL·min−1)
Y:包埋率
(%)
11500.55653.5083.55
21600.60653.5089.72
31600.60653.5091.21
41600.55651.5089.29
51600.55703.5086.68
61600.60701.5084.91
71600.65603.5084.14
81600.60705.5089.98
91600.60601.5087.96
101600.55655.5085.84
111500.65653.5084.76
121500.60603.5084.54
131600.65703.5089.55
141600.60605.5083.07
151600.65655.5088.65
161600.60653.5090.87
171700.60703.5082.21
181600.65651.5084.86
191500.60703.5086.42
201700.55653.5083.06
211500.60655.5081.29
221500.60651.5083.94
231600.60653.5090.24
241700.60651.5081.29
251700.60655.5081.97
261600.60653.5089.72
271600.55603.5088.69
281700.65653.5082.17
291700.60603.5082.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681287270534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variance analysis of regression equation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型287.711420.5530.55<0.0001**
A:进风温度11.58111.5817.220.0010**
B:进风量0.7410.741.100.3120
C:进料温度7.2717.2710.810.0054**
D:进料速率0.1810.180.260.6178
AB1.1011.101.640.2213
AC0.7110.711.050.3232
AD2.7712.774.120.0618
BC13.76113.7620.460.0005**
BD13.10113.1019.480.0006**
CD24.80124.8036.86<0.0001**
A2200.471200.47297.97<0.0001**
B211.06111.0616.430.0012**
C213.46113.4620.010.0005**
D235.19135.1952.31<0.0001**
残差9.42140.67
失拟项7.60100.761.670.3269
纯误差1.8240.45
总和297.1328
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681362768007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归方程的方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型287.711420.5530.55<0.0001**
A:进风温度11.58111.5817.220.0010**
B:进风量0.7410.741.100.3120
C:进料温度7.2717.2710.810.0054**
D:进料速率0.1810.180.260.6178
AB1.1011.101.640.2213
AC0.7110.711.050.3232
AD2.7712.774.120.0618
BC13.76113.7620.460.0005**
BD13.10113.1019.480.0006**
CD24.80124.8036.86<0.0001**
A2200.471200.47297.97<0.0001**
B211.06111.0616.430.0012**
C213.46113.4620.010.0005**
D235.19135.1952.31<0.0001**
残差9.42140.67
失拟项7.60100.761.670.3269
纯误差1.8240.45
总和297.1328
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681438265480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Physicochemical properties of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化指标结果
水分含量(%)3.47
堆积密度(g·mL−1)0.41
休止角(º)37.20
溶解性(%)96.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681496985737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

沙棘籽油微胶囊理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理化指标结果
水分含量(%)3.47
堆积密度(g·mL−1)0.41
休止角(º)37.20
溶解性(%)96.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681572483210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Particle size distribution table of sea buckthorn seed oil microcapsules

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径
(μm)
0.1000.2000.5001.0002.0005.00010.00020.00045.00075.000
含量
(%)
0.000.000.689.6827.1469.7293.5099.59100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681639592075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

沙棘籽油微胶囊粒径分布表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
粒径
(μm)
0.1000.2000.5001.0002.0005.00010.00020.00045.00075.000
含量
(%)
0.000.000.689.6827.1469.7293.5099.59100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1320880681710895244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880668591112197, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Thermal stability of microcapsules of sea buckthorn seed oil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目起始温度(℃)峰值温度(℃)终止温度(℃)峰面积(J/g)
吸热峰163.7068.3071.7035.07
放热峰2182.50197.80205.40-44.64
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沙棘籽油微胶囊的热稳定性

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吸热峰163.7068.3071.7035.07
放热峰2182.50197.80205.40-44.64
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沙棘籽油微胶囊喷雾干燥法制备工艺优化及其理化性质与结构表征
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朱立斌 1, 2 , 刘鑫 1, 3 , 牛广财 1, 2, * , 朱丹 4, * , 魏文毅 1, 2 , 贾建 1, 2 , 王森森 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 工艺创新与智能制造 2026,47(18): 192-201
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食品工业科技 |工艺创新与智能制造 2026 , 47 (18) : 192 -201
沙棘籽油微胶囊喷雾干燥法制备工艺优化及其理化性质与结构表征
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朱立斌1, 2 , 刘鑫1, 3, 牛广财1, 2, * , 朱丹4, * , 魏文毅1, 2, 贾建1, 2, 王森森1, 2
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2黑龙江省农产品加工工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 3沈阳市食品药品检验所,辽宁沈阳 110124
  • 4黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
通讯作者:
牛广财(1971−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
朱丹(1972−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:植物资源开发利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

朱立斌(1997−),男,博士研究生,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

Optimization of the Preparation Process of Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil Microcapsules by Spray Drying and Its Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characterization
Libin ZHU1, 2 , Xin LIU1, 3, Guangcai NIU1, 2, * , Dan ZHU4, * , Wenyi WEI1, 2, Jian JIA1, 2, Sensen WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2Agri-food Processing and Engineering Technology Research Center of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing 163319, China
  • 3Shenyang Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Shenyang 110124, China
  • 4College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070378
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为开发沙棘籽油新产品,本研究采用喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊化产品,并对其理化性质与结构特性进行分析。通过单因素实验和响应面试验对其制备工艺进行优化,结果表明,其制备的最佳参数为:进风温度158 ℃、进风量0.63 m3/min、进料温度70 ℃、进料速率4.80 mL/min,在此条件下微胶囊包埋率为91.31%。理化特性显示,微胶囊产品的水分含量为3.47%、休止角为37.2°、溶解度为96.52%。热分析结果显示其玻璃态转变温度为68.3 ℃,具有良好的热稳定性。微观结构测定结果显示,所得微胶囊呈球状或椭球状,粒径分布均匀(1~10 μm),表面光滑致密,结构完整;红外光谱证实了微胶囊包埋成功。储藏稳定性结果显示,微胶囊化处理提高了沙棘籽油的储藏稳定性,延长了其储藏时间。该研究为沙棘籽油功能食品开发提供了有效技术方案。

沙棘籽油  /  微胶囊  /  喷雾干燥  /  理化性质  /  结构表征

To develop new products of sea buckthorn seed oil, the microencapsulated products were prepared by spray drying, and their physicochemical properties and structural characteristics were analyzed. The preparation process was optimized by single factor experiment and response surface experiment. The results showed that the optimal preparation parameters were as follows: inlet air temperature was 158 ℃, inlet air volume was 0.63 m3/min, feed temperature was 70 ℃ and feed rate was 4.80 mL/min. Under these conditions, the embedding rate of microcapsules was 91.31%. The physicochemical properties showed that the moisture content of the microcapsule product was 3.47%, the angle of repose was 37.2°, and the solubility was 96.52%. The results of thermal analysis showed that its glass transition temperature was 68.3 ℃, which indicated that it had good thermal stability. The results of microstructure determination showed that the microcapsules were spherical or ellipsoidal, with uniform particle size distribution (1~10 μm), smooth and dense surface and intact structure. The successful embedding of microcapsules was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The results of storage stability showed that microencapsulation improved the storage stability of sea buckthorn seed oil and prolonged its storage time. This research provides an effective technological solution for the development of functional foods with sea buckthorn seed oil.

sea buckthorn seed oil  /  microcapsules  /  spray drying  /  physicochemical properties  /  structural characterization
朱立斌, 刘鑫, 牛广财, 朱丹, 魏文毅, 贾建, 王森森. 沙棘籽油微胶囊喷雾干燥法制备工艺优化及其理化性质与结构表征. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 192 -201 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070378
Libin ZHU, Xin LIU, Guangcai NIU, Dan ZHU, Wenyi WEI, Jian JIA, Sensen WANG. Optimization of the Preparation Process of Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil Microcapsules by Spray Drying and Its Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characterization[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 192 -201 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070378
沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)为胡颓子科沙棘属的灌木,沙棘籽为沙棘加工果汁后的副产物[1]。沙棘籽油具有很高的营养价值与经济价值,沙棘籽油中具备74.16%~90.7%的不饱和脂肪酸,其中含量最高的为亚麻酸和亚油酸[2−3]。沙棘籽油具有优质的食用与药用潜力,其具备抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和修复肌肤等功效[4−7]。但其存在易氧化,对光、氧以及较高温度环境敏感等因素,使其贮藏比较困难[8−9]。目前可通过加入天然或人工合成抗氧化剂及制备微胶囊,通过保护层来延缓油脂的氧化。同时,开发的油脂微胶囊产品可以更好地应用在食品或者保健食品中[10]。
微胶囊技术的原理是以高分子材料(天然或合成)为壁材,将原料作为芯材与壁材通过特殊条件包裹而成的,从而达到保护或者控制芯材释放的技术[11]。该技术能够有效地降低或避免外界条件对芯材效果的影响[9],同时也能够遮掩芯材的不利风味与色泽对受体的影响。此外微胶囊技术具备更利于运输、储存以及便于应用等优点[12]。微胶囊产品加工中,通常使用物理方法有喷雾干燥法、挤压法等,化学方法有复相乳液法、相分离法等,以及其他新兴技术如微流控技术、超临界流体法、电喷/静电纺丝等方法制备微胶囊[13],而使用最常见的是喷雾干燥法,该方法具备成本低、实用性强、效率高的优势,适于工业化的生产[14−15]。近年来,很多文献报道了不同油脂喷雾干燥法微胶囊化的工艺研究,如Cui等[16]以微晶纤维素和β-环糊精为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制备核桃油微胶囊,研究发现在25 MPa条件下均质2次,进风温度180 ℃,出风温度80 ℃条件下,微胶囊包埋率最高为80.54%,载油量为53.87%;刘成祥[17]选用阿拉伯胶和β-环糊精为复合壁材,牡丹籽油为芯材,通过对喷雾干燥过程中的工艺优化,得出在进风温度为180 ℃,进料温度为55 ℃,进料速度为20 mL/min时,微胶囊包埋率达到87.21%。
目前有学者采用不同的壁材对沙棘籽油微胶囊的制备进行了研究,例如梁宗余等[18]以酪蛋白酸钠-麦芽糊精为壁材,采用喷雾干燥的方式制备沙棘籽油微胶囊,确定其最佳工艺为均质压力34.8 MPa、进风温度174 ℃、进样速率17 mL/min,其平均包埋率为93.25%。Zhang等[19]采用喷雾干燥法制备沙棘籽油微胶囊,壁材选用大豆分离蛋白-大豆多糖,当壁材浓度为15%,芯材与壁材比例为1:3,进料温度为160 ℃时,包埋率为95.30%±2.67%。由于β-环糊精是一种中空的大分子物质,内部有良好的疏水性,可富集不饱和脂肪酸,在其他油脂微胶囊的制备中使用效果较好,但它是否也能提高沙棘籽油微胶囊的包埋效果,尚未见深入研究。因此本研究通过对沙棘籽油喷雾干燥过程中的各影响因素进行单因素实验和响应面试验优化,并对其理化性质进行测定,最后通过热稳定性分析、红外光谱、扫描电镜和储藏稳定性分析,对沙棘籽油微胶囊进行观察,旨在制备出结构完整、较高包埋率且储藏稳定性好的沙棘籽油微胶囊产品,为沙棘籽油的进一步开发利用提供参考。
沙棘籽油 采用大果沙棘为原料,参照刘鑫等[9]方法制备,该籽油中亚油酸占39.60%,亚麻酸占32.60%,总不饱和脂肪酸含量88.93%;大豆分离蛋白(SPI) 郑州谷神科技公司;山嵛酸甘油酯 广州天润药业;β-环糊精(β-CD) 上海蓝季生物;蔗糖脂肪酸酯(SE) 杭州金鹤来食品添加剂公司;乙醇 分析纯,天津大茂化学试剂厂。
ADL311-A喷雾干燥机 日本YAMATO有限公司;HWS24型电热恒温水浴锅 上海合恒仪器设备公司;SONICS VCX150型超声波细胞破碎仪 美国SONICS公司;DF-1集热式磁力搅拌器 北京东方化玻科技公司;APV2000高压均质机 德国SPX公司;101-2AB电热鼓风干燥箱 上海捷呈实验仪器公司;TENSORII傅里叶红外光谱 德国布鲁克(北京)科技有限公司;S-3400N扫描电子显微镜 日本Hitachi(日立)株式会社;Bettersize 2000激光粒度分布仪 丹东市百特仪器公司;TGA-2热重分析仪、DSC3差示量热扫描仪 瑞士Mettler Toledo公司。
大豆分离蛋白+β-环糊精→溶解→调配混合→乳化→均质→稳定乳状液→喷雾干燥→沙棘籽油微胶囊产品
采用大豆分离蛋白与β-环糊精(1:3)作为复合壁材,壁材与芯材配比57:43。水相中添加1.5%蔗糖脂肪酸酯(70 ℃搅拌10 min),油相中加入2%无水乙醇和1.8%山嵛酸甘油酯(70 ℃搅拌10 min),调整总固形物至9%~10%后混合乳化10 min。初乳液经超声分散和40 MPa高压均质3次后形成稳定乳状液[20]。通过优化喷雾干燥参数(进风温度、进料速率、进风量等)最终获得沙棘籽油微胶囊产品。
在进料温度为60 ℃,进料速率为5.5 mL/min,进风量为0.65 m3/min条件下,考察进风温度分别为140、150、160、170、180 ℃时对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率的影响。
在进料温度为60 ℃,进料速率为5.5 mL/min,进风温度为150 ℃的条件下,考察进风量分别为0.5、0.55、0.60、0.65、0.70 m3/min时对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率的影响。
固定条件:进风量为0.65 m3/min,进风温度为150 ℃,进料速率为5.5 mL/min,设定进料温度梯度55、60、65、70、75 ℃,测定该温度梯度对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率的影响。
在进料温度为60 ℃,进风量为0.65 m3/min,进风温度为150 ℃的条件下,考察进料速率分别为1.5、3.5、5.5、7.5、9.5 mL/min时对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率的影响[20]。
在单因素实验基础上,以沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率为响应值,考察因素为A进风温度、B进风量、C进料温度和D进料速率,以Box-Behnken设计进行4因素3水平的响应面优化试验,如表1所示。
参考李新等[21]方法,准确称取m0 g样品于洁净锥形瓶中,将30 mL正己烷分3次加入锥形瓶中,每次轻轻晃动锥形瓶30 s,将其过滤到质量为m1的旋转蒸发瓶中,80 ℃下溶剂浓缩后将旋转蒸发瓶置于80 ℃的烘箱中烘干直到质量恒重为止,剩余油脂与旋转蒸发瓶的重量记为m2。表面油含量计算按公式(1)计算。
$\rm 表面油含量(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{2}-{\text{m}}_{1}}{{\text{m}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:m0为样品净重,g;m1为旋转蒸发瓶质量,g;m2为烘干后剩余油脂与旋转蒸发瓶的质量,g。
参考Wang等[22]方法,准确称取M0样品于洁净锥形瓶中,加入50 mL正己烷后置于细胞破碎仪中,在超声波功率为900 W时作用25 min将其微胶囊结构破坏,液体过滤到质量为M1的旋转蒸发瓶中,滤渣中分3次加入30 mL正己烷,每次轻轻晃动锥形瓶30 s,滤液合并到旋转蒸发瓶中,80 ℃下溶剂浓缩后将旋转蒸发瓶置于80 ℃的烘箱中烘干直到质量恒重为止。剩余油脂与旋转蒸发瓶的重量记为M2。其总含油量与包埋率根据公式(2)和公式(3)计算。
$\rm 总含油量(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{M}}_{2}-{\text{M}}_{1}}{{\text{M}}_{0}}\times 100 $
$\rm 包埋率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{表面油含量}{总含油量}\right)\times 100 $
式中:M0为样品净重,g;M1为旋转蒸发瓶质量,g;M2为烘干后剩余油脂与旋转蒸发瓶的质量,g。
精确称取3 g微胶囊样品于称量瓶中,105 ℃烘箱中放置3 h,干燥器中冷却后称重,重复操作直至两次样品重量差小于1 mg[17,23],水分含量按公式(4)计算。
$ \mathrm{水分含量}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{干燥前质量}-\text{干燥后质量}}{\text{干燥前质量}}\times 100 $
将一定质量的沙棘籽油微胶囊缓缓注入10 mL量筒中,计算单位体积内微胶囊样品的重量[24]。
漏斗固定于铁架台,称取10 g沙棘籽油微胶囊,将样品通过漏斗使其自然下落,测量微胶囊粉堆高度H与半径R[25]。休止角按公式(5)计算。
$\rm \text{休止角}\theta =\arctan \text{(H/R)} $
式中:H为微胶囊粉堆高度,mm;R为微胶囊粉堆半径,mm。
称取一定质量的沙棘籽油微胶囊样品于烧杯中,加入38 mL蒸馏水分次将样品溶解于蒸馏水中,移入离心管后4000 r/min离心10 min,倾去上清液后再加入38 mL蒸馏水,振荡混匀后4000 r/min离心10 min,倾去上清液后用少量水将沉淀转移到称量瓶中,105 ℃条件下烘3 h,干燥器中冷却后称重,重复操作直至两次样品重量差小于1 mg[26]。溶解度按公式(6)计算。
$\rm 溶解度(\text{%})=\left[1-\frac{{\text{W}}_{2}-{\text{W}}_{1}}{(1-B)\times \text{W}}\right]\times 100 $
式中:W为样品质量,g;W1为称量瓶质量,g;W2为称量瓶及沉淀物质量,g;B为单位样品含水量,g。
以蒸馏水为分散剂,将200 mg沙棘籽油微胶囊溶于蒸馏水中,通过激光粒度分布仪测定沙棘籽油微胶囊粒径的分布情况[27],设定遮光比10%~20%,重复实验3次。
热重(TG)分析:称取3 mg沙棘籽油微胶囊放置于热重分析仪中,设置条件:升温速率10 ℃/min,氮气流速20 mL/min,扫描温度范围0~650 ℃[28]。
DSC分析:将5~6 mg的微胶囊置于铝盒中,设定条件:DSC升温范围−20~250 ℃,升温速率10 ℃/min,氮气流速20 mL/min[29,30]。
精确称取样品1 mg,按照样品:溴化钾质量比为1:100,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨后压制成透明薄片,在400~4000 cm−1范围内对样品进行红外波谱扫描[17,31]。
取少量沙棘籽油微胶囊粉末粘在导电胶的样品台上,吸耳球吹去多余粉末,喷金处理后,加速电压调整为5.00 kV,观察样品微观结构[32,33]。
采用Schaal烘箱法[34],将沙棘籽油和沙棘籽油微胶囊样品置于63±1 ℃的干燥箱中进行加速氧化实验,通用超声波破壁提油方法提取微胶囊中的沙棘籽油。按照GB 5009.227-2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中过氧化值的测定》方法,分别用水将1 g沙棘籽油和沙棘籽油微胶囊与0.02 g木瓜蛋白酶和0.02 g淀粉酶混合,50 ℃水浴振荡后加入与水等体积的丙酮,混匀。用石油醚进行萃取,将有机相水洗后转入装有无水硫酸钠漏斗进行过滤。将滤液转入棕色旋蒸瓶中除去石油醚,取得待测样品。每2 d测定沙棘籽油与沙棘籽油微胶囊的过氧化值(POV)。
每个试验重复3次,采用Microsoft Excel 2013软件计算平均值和标准差并作图,采用SPSS 27.0.1软件分析平均值间差异显著性,采用软件Design Expert 8.0.6进行响应面试验结果分析。
由图1可知,进风温度的高低会直接影响喷雾干燥机的效率,进而影响乳化液干燥的速率。随着进风温度的增加,沙棘籽油微胶囊的包埋率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在温度达到160 ℃时,包埋率达到最高值87.69%。推测可能是因为当进风温度低于150 ℃时,乳化液未能干燥完全,造成喷雾干燥过程中的粘壁现象,影响沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率,收集率较低[35]。但进风温度高于160 ℃时,水分散失速度过快,容易造成壁材的凹陷、空洞及裂缝等现象,致使微胶囊的包埋率降低[20]。因此,进风温度为160 ℃左右时效果较好,此时包埋率达到87.69%。
由图2可知,风速大小与乳化液干燥速率直接相关,在进风量较小时,微胶囊含水量较大,壁材无法形成致密膜结构,包埋率较低;随着进风量不断增加,乳化液干燥效率增加,沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率不断增加,能有效包埋油脂;但随着进风量超过0.65 m3/min时,包埋率反而下降,主要原因是壁材失水速率过快造成壁材还未形成膜结构,或者膜结构未稳定时过量失水造成膜结构的破裂,影响了微胶囊的包埋效果[20]。因此,进风量为0.60 m3/min左右时效果较好,包埋率达到85.21%。
由图3可知,当进料温度低于65 ℃时,微胶囊包埋率较低;这是由于乳化液的温度与其粘度成反比[36],在进料温度较低时,高粘度的物料易堵塞喷口,亦不利于液滴的雾化。因此,微胶囊包埋率较低。随着进料温度的增加,在进料温度为65 ℃时沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率达到最高,达到86.08%。随着进料温度的继续上升,沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率出现缓慢下降的趋势,可能是因为过高的进料温度影响了乳化液的稳定性进而影响了微胶囊的包埋率,也可能是因为过高的进料温度影响了壁材的性质而影响其膜结构的形成[17,20]。因此,进料温度为65 ℃左右时包埋率较高。
由图4可知,进料速率在5.5 mL/min以下时,沙棘籽油微胶囊的包埋率呈缓慢上升的趋势。但随着进料速率的进一步增加,沙棘籽油微胶囊的包埋率急剧下降,主要原因是进料速率过快,塔内液滴达不到雾化效果,乳化液中的水分不能及时蒸发,造成粘壁现象及不能有效形成微胶囊的膜结构[37]。因此,进料速率为5.5 mL/min左右时包埋率较高,达到84.62%。
在单因素的基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计,优化因素进风温度A、进风量B、进料温度C以及进料速率D对沙棘籽油微胶囊喷雾干燥工艺,其设计方案及试验结果如表2所示。
采用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件,对表2中结果进行拟合分析,得到回归方程的方差分析表(表3),以包埋率为目标函数的回归拟合方程为:
Y=90.35−0.98A−0.25B+0.78C−0.12D−0.53AB−0.42AC+0.83AD+1.85BC+1.81BD+2.49CD−5.56A2−1.31B2−1.44C2−2.33D2
表3显示,回归模型极显著(P<0.01),失拟项不显著(P>0.05),且模型R2=0.9683,调整决定系数R2Adj=0.9366,说明该回归模型能很好预测各因素对沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率的影响。此外,由该模型的方差分析结果可知,模型中A、C影响极显著(P<0.01);BC、BD、CD等交互项的影响极显著(P<0.01);二次项A2、B2、C2、D2的影响极显著(P<0.01)。图5~图7为响应面与等高线图,响应曲面图有最大值,等高线呈椭圆形,这说明BC、BD、CD的交互作用对响应值的影响显著[20]。
经Design-Expert 8.0.6软件分析,得到沙棘籽油微胶囊的最佳工艺的理论预测值为:进风温度为158.53 ℃,进风量为0.63 m3/min,进料温度为69.56 ℃,进料速率为4.82 mL/min,此时微胶囊包埋率为91.44%。结合实际情况,调整喷雾干燥的参数为:进风温度为158 ℃,进风量为0.63 m3/min,进料温度为70 ℃,进料速率为4.80 mL/min,经3次试验验证,得到沙棘籽油微胶囊的平均包埋率为91.31%±0.07%。验证试验结果与模型预测值非常接近,说明该模型对喷雾干燥法制备沙棘籽油微胶囊包埋率的预测是非常可行的[20]。
喷雾干燥法制备的沙棘籽油微胶囊呈淡黄色粉末状,其理化性质如表4所示,水分含量为3.47%,含水量较低。休止角小于45º,说明其具备良好的流动性能。微胶囊溶解性达到96.52%,说明其复溶效果良好[20]。
由图8和表5可知,沙棘籽油微胶囊粒径呈正态分布,图8中峰分布的宽度较小,说明粒径大小分布较为均匀。粒径小于10 μm的微胶囊占总量的93.50%,其中小于5 μm的占总量的69.72%。该结果要小于黄俊恺[2]制备的沙棘籽油微胶囊平均粒径(31.63 μm),这可能是选用的壁材和微胶囊制备的工艺条件不同所致。
热重法是通过测定程序升温过程中样品质量的变化,由样品质量变化与温度变化的关系分析样品的降解过程及热稳定性的方法[38]。由图9可知,程序升温由50 ℃开始,样品发生失重,由于微胶囊水分含量较低,样品在170 ℃之前TG曲线变化并不明显;在170 ℃出现台阶,结合微胶囊图10的DSC曲线,此时可能由于微胶囊部分化学键发生断裂造成其热稳定性的变化;程序升温达到217 ℃,TG曲线开始缓慢下降,此过程持续到温度接近320 ℃,此时失重近20%;温度继续升高,微胶囊结构完全破坏,样品发生大幅度失重,直到温度接近480 ℃,TG曲线接近平稳,样品最终失重近84%。该质量变化趋势与向殷丰等[39]对沙棘籽油微胶囊的热失重测定结果相似,其原因可能为第一阶段的大幅度失重,可能是由于大豆分离蛋白、β-环糊精热分解产生H2O、CO2、CH4、SO2等气体导致失重,第二阶段大幅度失重可能是由于中间物质的碳化所致[20]。
升温过程中,微胶囊内部发生脂肪晶体熔融、蛋白质构象转变等结构变化,该类相变需要吸收热量,在DSC曲线上表现为向上的吸热峰。如图10与表6所示,沙棘籽油微胶囊在63.70~71.70 ℃出现吸热峰(峰1),该吸热峰来源于体系有序晶体结构向无序结构转变,对应微胶囊玻璃化转变温度68.30 ℃。温度低于63.70 ℃时,微胶囊处于玻璃态,体系自由体积较小,分子扩散阻力大,芯材不易迁移渗漏,样品理化性质稳定,能够满足常规储藏要求。在182.50~205.40 ℃出现放热峰(峰2),这与刘光宪等[40]的研究结果不同,其原因可能为选择的微胶囊壁材不同所导致的。结合本研究TG曲线趋势,微胶囊在温度达到182.50 ℃时,可能是由于壁材中C-O、S-S、C-C键的断裂,发生了热分解而导致了放热的现象。在低于182.50 ℃时样品仍处于完整微胶囊的结构,可满足通常的食品热加工处理[20]。
根据傅里叶变换红外光谱特征峰位移、强度及形状的变化判定沙棘籽油微胶囊前后其结构的变化。如图11所示,沙棘籽油红外光谱中在2800~3100 cm−1有较强吸收峰,这与刘成祥[17]对牡丹籽油微胶囊的测定结果一致,其原因可能是沙棘籽油中含有丰富的亚麻酸与亚油酸,此处为C=C键伸缩振动波峰;沙棘籽油中含有大量的亚麻酸,亚麻酸中=C-H键伸缩振动引起的特征峰在3010 cm−1处,特征峰在微胶囊产品中均存在,且相应处吸收峰明显减小,由此证明微胶囊结构的形成。沙棘籽油及沙棘籽油微胶囊在1745、720 cm−1左右均有C=O键及CH2键特征峰存在,微胶囊特征吸收峰相较于沙棘籽油减弱,进一步证明微胶囊结构的形成[20]。图11中沙棘籽油微胶囊红外光谱图中吸收峰基本上由沙棘籽油及复合壁材叠加而成。
采用扫描电镜对喷雾干燥法制备的沙棘籽油微胶囊进行结构及包埋效果的观察,结果如图12所示,微胶囊在电子显微镜下放大950倍后,观察到微胶囊大部分结构为球形或椭球形。微胶囊颗粒大小有一定差异,直径一般在5~10 μm之间。部分微胶囊出现褶皱凹陷现象,这一现象与刘光宪等[40]观测结果一致,其原因可能是由于喷雾干燥壁材固化过程中瞬间的水分蒸发,使得微胶囊内部水分蒸发与外部气流形成压力差,在厚度与硬度较小的部分形成凹陷[41]。微胶囊的个体大小和形状的差异可能由于喷雾干燥机进气量无法达到稳定状态导致[42]。微胶囊在电子显微镜下放大5000倍,如图12可知,微胶囊表面光滑连续无裂缝,壁材结构完整具有良好的包封性。
由图13可知,在高温加速氧化实验条件下,沙棘籽油与沙棘籽油微胶囊的POV值随着储藏时间的增长而不断上升,其中,沙棘籽油的氧化速率明显高于沙棘籽油微胶囊。由此可知,沙棘籽油微胶囊化后可明显延缓其氧化的速率,使得沙棘籽油的稳定性提高。根据GB 2716-2018《食品安全国家标准 植物油》对植物油POV值规定的上限为0.25 g/100 g,沙棘籽油在加速实验的第4 d就已经达到上限值0.25 g/100 g,而沙棘籽油微胶囊POV值在加速实验的第8 d才达到上限值0.25 g/100 g,表明沙棘籽油微胶囊处理确实能有效阻隔外界促氧化因素的影响,提高了沙棘籽油的储藏稳定性。
本研究通过响应面优化沙棘籽油微胶囊的喷雾干燥工艺,使其包埋率达到91.31%,其最佳工艺条件为:进风温度158 ℃、进风量0.63 m3/min、进料温度70 ℃、进料速率4.80 mL/min,通过验证证明该方法能够有效平衡干燥效率与微胶囊结构完整性。理化特性结果显示:微胶囊的水分含量为3.47%、休止角37.2°、溶解性96.52%,证明其具有良好的稳定性和流动性。热重分析结果进一步证实其优异的热稳定性,玻璃态转变温度达68.3 ℃,且在182.5 ℃以下能保持结构完整,能够满足通常食品加工和储存的温度要求。微观结构结果显示:微胶囊呈现规则且均匀的球状或椭球状,粒径均匀分布在1~10 μm范围内,且其中93.50%的微胶囊均小于10 μm,微胶囊表面光滑且致密,通过红外光谱结果中的微胶囊特征吸收峰证明微胶囊包埋成功。储藏稳定性的高温加速实验结果显示,沙棘籽油微胶囊化后可提高其储藏稳定性,延长储藏时间。综合扫描电镜、粒度分析、红外测试和储藏稳定性测试等结果,表明大豆分离蛋白与β-环糊精复合壁材能形成致密保护层,能有效阻隔环境因素对沙棘籽油的影响,扩大沙棘籽油的应用范围。该研究为功能性油脂微胶囊的工业化生产提供了重要参考。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070378
  • 接收时间:2025-08-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-01
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    1黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2黑龙江省农产品加工工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
    3沈阳市食品药品检验所,辽宁沈阳 110124
    4黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,黑龙江大庆 163319

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牛广财(1971−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程,E-mail:。
朱丹(1972−),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:植物资源开发利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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