Article(id=1320880324645601744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070348, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753804800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852010165, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852010165, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852010165, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852010165, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=328, endPage=335, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880324893065681, articleId=1320880324645601744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Impact of Various Oak Chips on the Flavor Profile of Strong Ales, columnId=1320880262846722580, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Modern Analysis and Intelligent Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This study aimed to analyze the effects of 10 types of oak chips on the aroma characteristics of strong ale using two descriptive sensory analysis methods, Polarized Projective Mapping (PPM) and Pivot Profile (PP). The results showed that contact with oak chips significantly could enhance the aroma complexity of strong ale and impart typical flavors such as caramel and smoky. Both the type of oak chips and contact time could influence the aroma characteristics of the product. Specifically, sweet oak chips and dark chocolate oak chips mainly enhanced the smoky and caramel attributes, while contact with black spice oak chips and caramel oak chips further accentuated the fruity and whiskey-like notes. The flavor differences were more significant after 4 weeks of contact compared to 2 weeks. Samples in contact with black spice, dark chocolate, and special fruit oak chips developed a new "toasted bread" characteristic. This study provides a scientific basis and data support for the flavor regulation and quality improvement of strong ale.
, authors=Xiaoyi LIU
1, 2, Qian LIU
3, Guiying QIAN
1, 2, Yuxuan ZHU
1, 2, Yueqin LIU
3, Lidong HE
3, Libo YUAN
3, Baoqing ZHU
1, 2, *, Tengfei YU
3, *, authorsList=Xiaoyi LIU, Qian LIU, Guiying QIAN, Yuxuan ZHU, Yueqin LIU, Lidong HE, Libo YUAN, Baoqing ZHU, Tengfei YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Baoqing ZHU, Tengfei YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880328005239262, articleId=1320880324645601744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同橡木片对烈性艾尔香气特征的影响, columnId=1320880262997717526, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=现代分析与智能检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
本研究旨在通过极化投影地图法(Polarized Projective Mapping,PPM)和中心点剖面法(Pivot Profile,PP)两种描述性感官分析方法,分析10款橡木片对烈性艾尔香气特征的影响。结果表明,橡木片接触能够显著提升烈性艾尔的香气复杂度,赋予产品焦糖、烟熏味等典型风味。橡木片种类和接触时间均会影响产品香气特征。其中,甜润、黑巧克力风味橡木片主要提升烟熏和焦糖属性,黑香料、焦糖风味橡木片接触会更突出产品的果香和威士忌风味。接触4周时风味差异比接触2周更显著,并且黑香料、黑巧克力、特殊水果风味橡木片接触样品出现了“烤面包”新特征。本研究为烈性艾尔风味调控和品质提升提供了科学依据和数据支持。
, authors=刘晓艺
1, 2, 刘倩
3, 钱桂颖
1, 2, 朱雨萱
1, 2, 刘月琴
3, 贺立东
3, 袁黎波
3, 朱保庆
1, 2, *, 余腾斐
3, *, authorsList=刘晓艺, 刘倩, 钱桂颖, 朱雨萱, 刘月琴, 贺立东, 袁黎波, 朱保庆, 余腾斐, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱保庆, 余腾斐, authorNote=
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, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=idRvU6wvO9NhbqT5he2qGQ==, magXml=udt6QyN9U8rgsbtW5zIfSw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VvpM+Jnfme/AMzF+dWplZw==, pdfFileSize=2504974, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=s4eypgCF9VXmkmq7ebaTmA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=QfBhCySBgZOo1ZisfJ2jDA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880328546304489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liuxiaoyi0000@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880328630190572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, authorId=1320880328546304489, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyi LIU, firstName=Xiaoyi, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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1北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
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刘晓艺(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品感官分析与风味化学,E-mail:liuxiaoyi0000@163.com
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3China Resources Snow Breweries Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880328936374770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, authorId=1320880328776991215, language=CN, stringName=刘倩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3华润雪花啤酒(中国)有限公司,广东深圳 518101, bio={"content":"
刘倩(1989−),女,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:liuqian135@crb.cn
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刘倩(1989−),女,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向:食品工程,E-mail:liuqian135@crb.cn
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1Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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1北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
2北京林业大学,河北省森林食物资源可持续利用与开发重点实验室,北京 100083, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880328273674719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880328282063328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, companyId=1320880328273674719, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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1北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
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3, address=
3China Resources Snow Breweries Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880329687155203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, authorId=1320880329502605824, language=CN, stringName=刘月琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Representation of the samples aged for 2 weeks (a) and the terms used to describe the samples in the first two dimensions of MFA of data from PPM (b), figureFileSmall=1A/NFrm1SivFsvXuEajYVA==, figureFileBig=s4eypgCF9VXmkmq7ebaTmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880333369754148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
陈酿2周样品的分布图(a)以及基于PPM数据的MFA前两个维度中样品的描述词分布图(b)注:图中红色样品为固定极点,对MFA的构建没有贡献;后缀数字代表实验轮次,如-1表示PPM1实验中的样品;*表示盲重复样;不同颜色的圆圈代表不同实验轮次;图2同。
, figureFileSmall=1A/NFrm1SivFsvXuEajYVA==, figureFileBig=s4eypgCF9VXmkmq7ebaTmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880333722075685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Representation of the samples aged for 4 weeks (a) and the terms used to describe the samples in the first two dimensions of MFA of data from PPM (b), figureFileSmall=3cwTFY6+VMvsFKYxcbIFDQ==, figureFileBig=S3n5xtzUJJMHhn/UJdueCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880333801767462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
陈酿4周样品的分布图(a)以及基于PPM数据的MFA前两个维度中样品的描述词分布图(b), figureFileSmall=3cwTFY6+VMvsFKYxcbIFDQ==, figureFileBig=S3n5xtzUJJMHhn/UJdueCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880333864682023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Representation of the samples aged for 2 weeks and 4 weeks (a) and the terms used to describe the samples in the first two dimensions of MFA of data from PPM (b), figureFileSmall=jI4am1I2J2XIENIVHb7ZHQ==, figureFileBig=Ai7LlrkhmnAkkHJh2kWHpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880333931790888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
陈酿2周和4周样品的分布图(a)以及基于PPM数据的MFA前两个维度中样品的描述词分布图(b)注:图中红色样品为固定极点,对MFA的构建没有贡献;前缀2W表示陈酿2周样品,前缀4W表示陈酿4周样品;*表示盲重复样;后缀数字代表实验轮次,如-1表示PPM1实验中的样品。
, figureFileSmall=jI4am1I2J2XIENIVHb7ZHQ==, figureFileBig=Ai7LlrkhmnAkkHJh2kWHpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880333994705449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Frequency distribution map of aroma attributes in the PP experiment for the sample aged for 2 weeks, figureFileSmall=aN3tr1trSQ/+QyquBxTW4g==, figureFileBig=RSkNEl8fEs0B47AKpWDa2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880334082785834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
陈酿2周样品PP实验中香气属性的翻译频率图注:CK代表陈酿时不添加木片的对照样品;YJ代表未经陈酿的样品;*表示盲重复样。
, figureFileSmall=aN3tr1trSQ/+QyquBxTW4g==, figureFileBig=RSkNEl8fEs0B47AKpWDa2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880334154089003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Frequency distribution map of aroma attributes in the PP experiment for the sample aged for 4 weeks, figureFileSmall=89r9Xi0Rv+qsM25cqSUT3A==, figureFileBig=lAQb7GQhsp3lftyofU2CEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880334246363692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
陈酿4周样品PP实验中香气属性的翻译频率图注:CK代表陈酿时不添加木片的对照样品;YJ代表未经陈酿的样品;*表示盲重复样。
, figureFileSmall=89r9Xi0Rv+qsM25cqSUT3A==, figureFileBig=lAQb7GQhsp3lftyofU2CEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880334309278253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Sample PP experimental CA analysis results, figureFileSmall=nv73FkiYCpJkj91P++zpjw==, figureFileBig=hgT6HfeC9kqaaGDwYFt/Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880334380581422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
样品PP实验CA分析结果注:图中蓝色字体为描述词;黑色字体为样品名称;*表示盲重复样;a. 陈酿2周样品;b. 陈酿4周样品;c. 陈酿2周和4周样品合并,图c中前缀2W表示陈酿2周样品,前缀4W表示陈酿4周样品。
, figureFileSmall=nv73FkiYCpJkj91P++zpjw==, figureFileBig=hgT6HfeC9kqaaGDwYFt/Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880334456078895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Information of oak chip samples
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 陈酿样品 | 橡木片烘烤度 | 简写 | 橡木片添加量 |
|---|
| 橡木片-黑香料风味 | 重度 | HXL | 20 g/L |
| 橡木片-香料风味 | 重度 | XL |
| 橡木片-黑巧克力风味 | 中(+)度 | HQ |
| 橡木片-太妃糖风味 | 中(+)度 | TFT |
| 橡木片-焦糖风味 | 中度 | JT |
| 橡木片-奶油风味 | 中度 | NY |
| 橡木片-甜润风味 | 中度 | TR1 |
| 橡木片-香草风味 | 中度 | XC |
| 橡木片-特殊水果风味 | 中度 | SG |
| 橡木片-天然 | 不烘烤 | TR2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320880334523187760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
橡木片样品信息
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 陈酿样品 | 橡木片烘烤度 | 简写 | 橡木片添加量 |
|---|
| 橡木片-黑香料风味 | 重度 | HXL | 20 g/L |
| 橡木片-香料风味 | 重度 | XL |
| 橡木片-黑巧克力风味 | 中(+)度 | HQ |
| 橡木片-太妃糖风味 | 中(+)度 | TFT |
| 橡木片-焦糖风味 | 中度 | JT |
| 橡木片-奶油风味 | 中度 | NY |
| 橡木片-甜润风味 | 中度 | TR1 |
| 橡木片-香草风味 | 中度 | XC |
| 橡木片-特殊水果风味 | 中度 | SG |
| 橡木片-天然 | 不烘烤 | TR2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320880334586102321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Experimental design details of aged beer samples in each PPM experiment
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | PPM1 | PPM2 | PPM3 | PPM4 |
|---|
| HXL | | √ | √ | |
| XL | | √ | | √* |
| HQ | √ | | √ | |
| TFT | | √ | √* | |
| JT | √ | | | √* |
| NY | | √ | | √ |
| TR1 | √ | | √ | |
| XC | √ | | | √ |
| SG | √* | | | √ |
| TR2 | | √* | √ | |
| CK | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| YJ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 极点A | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 极点B | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 极点C | √ | √ | √ | √ |
), ArticleFig(id=1320880334653211186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
每轮PPM实验所包含陈酿烈性艾尔样品实验设计细节
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | PPM1 | PPM2 | PPM3 | PPM4 |
|---|
| HXL | | √ | √ | |
| XL | | √ | | √* |
| HQ | √ | | √ | |
| TFT | | √ | √* | |
| JT | √ | | | √* |
| NY | | √ | | √ |
| TR1 | √ | | √ | |
| XC | √ | | | √ |
| SG | √* | | | √ |
| TR2 | | √* | √ | |
| CK | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| YJ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 极点A | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 极点B | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 极点C | √ | √ | √ | √ |
), ArticleFig(id=1320880334732902963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Definition and frequency of sensory descriptors used in evaluation
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 描述词 | 定义 | PPM实验描述词词频(%) | | PP实验描述词词频(%) |
|---|
| 陈酿2周 | 陈酿4周 | | 陈酿2周 | 陈酿4周 |
|---|
| 蜂蜜 | 蜂蜜的香甜气息,带有花香 | 34 | 32 | | 42 | 48 |
| 谷物 | 谷物特有的气味,带有土香、泥香、甜香等 | 15 | 19 | | 34 | 34 |
| 果香 | 香蕉、苹果、菠萝、桃子等常见水果的香气 | 35 | 33 | | 36 | 42 |
| 黄酒 | 带有土香、酱香、甘草香等 | 17 | 17 | | 38 | 33 |
| 黄油 | 新鲜奶油、甜奶油散发的香气 | 7 | 6 | | 15 | 14 |
| 焦糖 | 太妃糖或焦糖爆米花的香气 | 29 | 35 | | 51 | 55 |
| 酒花 | 新鲜的啤酒花味,青草、花香和泥土的香气 | 9 | 7 | | 26 | 36 |
| 烤面包 | 谷物、麦麸经烘烤加工产生的一种香气 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 18 |
| 麦芽 | 煮沸的麦汁香气 | 23 | 26 | | 45 | 64 |
| 威士忌 | 醇厚芳香,具有令人愉快的香气,并带有刺激性 | 19 | 16 | | 21 | 44 |
| 橡木 | 橡木特有的气味,带有香草香和酯香 | 20 | 21 | | 28 | 33 |
| 烟熏 | 木材不完全燃烧过程中释放出的烟气 | 26 | 22 | | 39 | 39 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320880334795817524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880324645601744, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
感官评价的描述词定义及其词频
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 描述词 | 定义 | PPM实验描述词词频(%) | | PP实验描述词词频(%) |
|---|
| 陈酿2周 | 陈酿4周 | | 陈酿2周 | 陈酿4周 |
|---|
| 蜂蜜 | 蜂蜜的香甜气息,带有花香 | 34 | 32 | | 42 | 48 |
| 谷物 | 谷物特有的气味,带有土香、泥香、甜香等 | 15 | 19 | | 34 | 34 |
| 果香 | 香蕉、苹果、菠萝、桃子等常见水果的香气 | 35 | 33 | | 36 | 42 |
| 黄酒 | 带有土香、酱香、甘草香等 | 17 | 17 | | 38 | 33 |
| 黄油 | 新鲜奶油、甜奶油散发的香气 | 7 | 6 | | 15 | 14 |
| 焦糖 | 太妃糖或焦糖爆米花的香气 | 29 | 35 | | 51 | 55 |
| 酒花 | 新鲜的啤酒花味,青草、花香和泥土的香气 | 9 | 7 | | 26 | 36 |
| 烤面包 | 谷物、麦麸经烘烤加工产生的一种香气 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 18 |
| 麦芽 | 煮沸的麦汁香气 | 23 | 26 | | 45 | 64 |
| 威士忌 | 醇厚芳香,具有令人愉快的香气,并带有刺激性 | 19 | 16 | | 21 | 44 |
| 橡木 | 橡木特有的气味,带有香草香和酯香 | 20 | 21 | | 28 | 33 |
| 烟熏 | 木材不完全燃烧过程中释放出的烟气 | 26 | 22 | | 39 | 39 |
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