Article(id=1320881929675719419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070338, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753632000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852392833, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852392833, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852392833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852392833, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=334, endPage=346, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881929902211836, articleId=1320881929675719419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Unveiling the Antioxidant Mechanism of Flavonoids in Different Varieties of Daylily via Integrating Widely Targeted Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (daylily) is a medicinal and edible food with flavonoids as its core active ingredient. Daylily showed significant differences in flavonoids across varieties, thereby impacting their health benefits. This study selected four daylily varieties in the Datong, namely Datong (DT), Mallian (ML), Mengzi (MZ), and Huaiyang (HY), for metabolomics to unravel their flavonoid composition. DT exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (TFC), while MZ demonstrated the strongest antioxidant potential. There were ten highly differential flavonoid metabolites in four daylily varieties that had a significant positive correlation with their antioxidant activity. Notably, the levels of these metabolites in MZ were the highest, corresponding to its strongest antioxidant activity. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that antioxidant targets associated with key flavonoids in daylily were primarily focused on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, identifying AKT1 and EGFR as the core antioxidant targets. Molecular docking results demonstrated their interaction mechanisms, suggesting that daylily flavonoids might attenuate the oxidative stress. This research provides critical insights for selecting and cultivating daylilies with enhanced health benefits.

, authors=Zhihao LI1, 2, 3, Haizhen WANG1, 2, 3, Zhenyu LIU4, Han WANG5, Shang GUO1, 2, 3, 6, *, Yongxia FU1, 3, *, authorsList=Zhihao LI, Haizhen WANG, Zhenyu LIU, Han WANG, Shang GUO, Yongxia FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shang GUO, Yongxia FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881933421232912, articleId=1320881929675719419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接揭示不同品种黄花菜黄酮的抗氧化机制, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni)是一种药食两用食品,其核心功效成分为黄酮类化合物。不同品种的黄花菜中黄酮类化合物存在显著差异,从而影响其健康益处。本研究选取在山西大同地区种植的四个品种黄花菜作为研究对象,即大同黄花(DT)、马莲黄花(ML)、猛子花(MZ)和淮阳黄花(HY),通过广泛靶向组学分析揭示其中黄酮代谢物的组成。结果显示:DT的总黄酮含量(TFC)最高,而MZ的抗氧化能力最强。从四个品种黄花菜中筛选到10种具有高度差异的黄酮类代谢物,与它们的抗氧化活性呈显著正相关。这些代谢物在MZ中的含量最高,对应其最强的抗氧化活性。网络药理学分析表明,与黄花菜中关键黄酮类化合物相关的抗氧化靶点主要集中在PI3K-AKT信号通路,其中AKT1和EGFR是核心抗氧化靶点。分子对接结果揭示了10种关键抗氧化黄酮化合物与AKT和EGFR均具有良好的结合力,表明这些黄酮类化合物可以显著缓解氧化应激。本研究为选育具有更好健康益处的黄花菜提供了重要理论依据。

, authors=李志豪1, 2, 3, 王海珍1, 2, 3, 刘振宇4, 王晗5, 郭尚1, 2, 3, 6, *, 付永霞1, 3, *, authorsList=李志豪, 王海珍, 刘振宇, 王晗, 郭尚, 付永霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭尚, 付永霞, authorNote=

李志豪(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物品质研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭尚(1967−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食(药)用菌资源及综合利用,E-mail:。
付永霞(1995−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:杂粮及果蔬营养与加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fGwzQuZAR+ehx7DFu1dgJg==, magXml=XeXiN3b77J14aW2lMpRPRA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+jP4aC4ww9cNu+KZko6Xqw==, pdfFileSize=9602932, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Det7UWs+F1/p9qF9vKPcCw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rbJiFYGUWjODtwUR/EAutQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881934184596260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=18834716156@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881934281065256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, authorId=1320881934184596260, language=EN, stringName=Zhihao LI, firstName=Zhihao, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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注:A:TFC;B:DPPH、ABTS+和羟自由基清除率;不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05),图3、图4、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=wuN5PqUSX4w9/azCEWmlPw==, figureFileBig=Det7UWs+F1/p9qF9vKPcCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938714444629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Different types, quantities, and proportions of metabolites in different daylily varieties, figureFileSmall=jgzy+064RNbl9r3OeWT59w==, figureFileBig=UfuLZkLRlDn6uQfJm0kjKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938764776278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同黄花菜品种中不同代谢物种类、数量及占比

注:A:不同品种黄花菜的图片,DT,大同;HY,淮阳;ML,马莲;MZ,猛子;B:黄花菜样本中1642种代谢物的分类;C:一级和二级代谢物分类的柱状图;D:代谢物种类的皮尔逊相关网络图;星号代表代谢物之间相关性的显著性水平,***表示P<0.001,*表示显著性P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=jgzy+064RNbl9r3OeWT59w==, figureFileBig=UfuLZkLRlDn6uQfJm0kjKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938844468055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Relative intensity of metabolites with different classifications in different daylily varieties, figureFileSmall=5vnLW2fr6tPFYbAY81bDrw==, figureFileBig=4u3rBlTzlJBtDq6HM4HK4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938894799704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同黄花菜品种中不同分类代谢物的相对强度, figureFileSmall=5vnLW2fr6tPFYbAY81bDrw==, figureFileBig=4u3rBlTzlJBtDq6HM4HK4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938974491481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Overview of flavonoid metabolites among four daylily varieties, figureFileSmall=RXJfboV7vFH8GxVIhE248A==, figureFileBig=uhhLdONzYczlWxAh6AyEyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881939033211738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图4, caption=四种黄花菜品种中黄酮代谢物的组成分析

注:A:四个黄花菜品种中黄酮代谢物的分类和统计分析;B:不同黄花菜品种中黄酮代谢物的PCA分析;C:黄酮代谢物的相对强度;D:四个黄花菜品种中的各类代谢物相对强度。

, figureFileSmall=RXJfboV7vFH8GxVIhE248A==, figureFileBig=uhhLdONzYczlWxAh6AyEyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881939100320603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Composition analysis of highly differential flavonoid metabolites (HDFMs) among different comparison groups, figureFileSmall=93Jk9e+Pl3cEpm5LD/kBSg==, figureFileBig=BaTTDNA74GsnT+2XacAmTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881939159040860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同对照组中高度差异黄酮代谢物(HDFMs)的组成分析

注:A:所有对照组中高度差异黄酮代谢物(HDFMs)的数量;B:DT vs. ML、DT vs. MZ以及DT vs. HY之间的Venn图分析;C:所有HDFMs的聚类热图。

, figureFileSmall=93Jk9e+Pl3cEpm5LD/kBSg==, figureFileBig=BaTTDNA74GsnT+2XacAmTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881939226149725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of the highly differential flavonoid metabolites (HDFMs) in different varieties of daylily, figureFileSmall=jYzAskWTJQd0Ovddch6LgA==, figureFileBig=h6wqKSQcY71pgEyjbQlCkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881939293258590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同品种黄花菜中不同分类的高度差异黄酮代谢物(HDFMs)对比

注:A:黄酮;B:二氢异黄酮;C:黄酮醇;不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=jYzAskWTJQd0Ovddch6LgA==, figureFileBig=h6wqKSQcY71pgEyjbQlCkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881940962591583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Correlation analysis of highly differential flavonoid metabolites (HDFMs) and antioxidant activities, figureFileSmall=KBAqqwFVx5sWQoQO18i6dQ==, figureFileBig=YxpPgsc9y2patvFDLgz+Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881941042283360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图7, caption=高度差异黄酮代谢物(HDFMs)与抗氧化活性的相关性分析

注:红色线条表示正相关,蓝色线条表示负相关。

, figureFileSmall=KBAqqwFVx5sWQoQO18i6dQ==, figureFileBig=YxpPgsc9y2patvFDLgz+Fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881941117780833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Screening of key antioxidant flavonoids in daylily based on network pharmacology, figureFileSmall=WRZbAe1c5+HBYZ0ecm0b6g==, figureFileBig=NyD2ycPPpF4IEuw4hzzuWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881941184889698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基于网络药理学的黄花菜中关键抗氧化黄酮筛选

注:A:UpSet图,展示了抗氧化相关靶点与黄花菜黄酮靶点的交集;B:“黄酮-靶点”网络图;C~D:63个交集靶点的GO和KEGG富集分析结果(BP:生物过程;CC:细胞组分;MF:分子功能);E:PPI网络;F:核心靶点筛选后的子网络。

, figureFileSmall=WRZbAe1c5+HBYZ0ecm0b6g==, figureFileBig=NyD2ycPPpF4IEuw4hzzuWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881941260387171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Molecular docking results of key flavonoids and core antioxidant targets in daylily, figureFileSmall=Lb5KDhqwdjMSWnIX6pJiGA==, figureFileBig=9ejYnj3ivDWprSuMoksqCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881941340078948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=图9, caption=黄花菜中关键黄酮类化合物与核心抗氧化靶点的分子对接分析

注:山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷(A)和槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷(B)与EGFR的对接图;槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷(C)和槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷(D)与AKT1的对接图。蓝色虚线:氢键;灰色虚线:疏水相互作用;黄色虚线:盐桥。

, figureFileSmall=Lb5KDhqwdjMSWnIX6pJiGA==, figureFileBig=9ejYnj3ivDWprSuMoksqCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881941407187813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Highly differential flavonoid metabolites (HDFMs) in different varieties of daylily

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号代谢物英文名代谢物中文名分类
15,7-Dihydroxy-2',3',4'-trimethoxydihydroisoflavone5,7-二羟基-2',3',4'-三甲氧基-二氢异黄酮二氢异黄酮
2Quercetin 3-O-(6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)槲皮素3-(6′′-乙酰基葡萄糖苷)黄酮
33',5',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone-3'-O-glucoside3',5',5,7-四羟基-4'-甲氧基黄烷酮-3'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮
46,7,8-Tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyflavone6,7,8-三羟基-5-甲氧基黄酮黄酮
5Chrysoeriol-7-O-(6''-acetyl)glucoside金圣草黄素-7-O-(6''-乙酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮
6Chrysoeriol-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside金圣草黄素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮
7Luteolin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside*木犀草素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮
8Luteolin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside-5-O-rhamnoside木犀草素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷-5-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮
9Syringetin-3-o-glucoside*丁香素-3-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
108-Methoxykaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside8-甲氧基山柰酚-7-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮醇
11Isorhamnetin-3-O-(6''-acetylglucoside)异鼠李素-3-O-(6''-乙酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
12Kaempferol-3-O-(6''-malonyl)galactoside*山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷黄酮醇
13Kaempferol-3-O-(6''-O-acetyl)glucoside山柰酚-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
14Myricetin-3-O-arabinoside杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷黄酮醇
15Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Myricitrin)杨梅素-3-O-鼠李糖苷 (杨梅苷)黄酮醇
16Myricetin-3-O-xyloside杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷黄酮醇
17Myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
18Quercetin槲皮素黄酮醇
19Quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-acetyl)galactoside*槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷黄酮醇
20Quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)glucosyl-5-O-glucoside槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
21Quercetin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
22Syringetin丁香亭黄酮醇
23Syringetin-7-O-glucoside*丁香亭-7-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
), ArticleFig(id=1320881941478490982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同品种黄花菜中高度差异代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号代谢物英文名代谢物中文名分类
15,7-Dihydroxy-2',3',4'-trimethoxydihydroisoflavone5,7-二羟基-2',3',4'-三甲氧基-二氢异黄酮二氢异黄酮
2Quercetin 3-O-(6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside)槲皮素3-(6′′-乙酰基葡萄糖苷)黄酮
33',5',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone-3'-O-glucoside3',5',5,7-四羟基-4'-甲氧基黄烷酮-3'-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮
46,7,8-Tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyflavone6,7,8-三羟基-5-甲氧基黄酮黄酮
5Chrysoeriol-7-O-(6''-acetyl)glucoside金圣草黄素-7-O-(6''-乙酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮
6Chrysoeriol-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside金圣草黄素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮
7Luteolin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside*木犀草素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮
8Luteolin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside-5-O-rhamnoside木犀草素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷-5-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮
9Syringetin-3-o-glucoside*丁香素-3-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
108-Methoxykaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside8-甲氧基山柰酚-7-O-鼠李糖苷黄酮醇
11Isorhamnetin-3-O-(6''-acetylglucoside)异鼠李素-3-O-(6''-乙酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
12Kaempferol-3-O-(6''-malonyl)galactoside*山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷黄酮醇
13Kaempferol-3-O-(6''-O-acetyl)glucoside山柰酚-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
14Myricetin-3-O-arabinoside杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷黄酮醇
15Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Myricitrin)杨梅素-3-O-鼠李糖苷 (杨梅苷)黄酮醇
16Myricetin-3-O-xyloside杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷黄酮醇
17Myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
18Quercetin槲皮素黄酮醇
19Quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-acetyl)galactoside*槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷黄酮醇
20Quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)glucosyl-5-O-glucoside槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
21Quercetin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
22Syringetin丁香亭黄酮醇
23Syringetin-7-O-glucoside*丁香亭-7-O-葡萄糖苷黄酮醇
), ArticleFig(id=1320881941566571367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Topological characteristics of the main antioxidant targets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
靶点BCCCDCECLAC
PLG21.14490.5495320.121020.2500
TERT15.21770.5545320.131321.7500
CDK123.37290.5545320.119719.5000
MPO27.16530.5545340.113017.8824
ABCG235.99150.5545360.130319.5556
PIK3R113.88970.5648360.134022.2222
PTK233.87240.5648340.139022.3529
CDK259.06550.5755380.136119.5789
APP31.79570.5865380.145322.9474
IL238.79780.5865420.151423.6190
KIT25.58380.5922440.170927.4545
ABCB176.38830.5922420.152322.6667
IGF1R23.72180.6040460.182229.9130
KDR24.69430.6100500.195131.0400
MMP242.40290.6100500.184828.1600
PARP1118.24700.6354540.187627.2593
GSK3β87.19570.6421560.193327.5714
MMP971.76920.6489620.220131.7419
SRC269.95280.6854700.227929.8286
EGFR205.88370.7011740.240531.4595
ESR1315.97330.7176740.229428.5405
PTGS2345.40440.7176740.221126.8108
TNF393.55260.7722860.252529.6744
AKT1518.00660.8026920.266930.5217
), ArticleFig(id=1320881941675623272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主要抗氧化靶点的拓扑特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
靶点BCCCDCECLAC
PLG21.14490.5495320.121020.2500
TERT15.21770.5545320.131321.7500
CDK123.37290.5545320.119719.5000
MPO27.16530.5545340.113017.8824
ABCG235.99150.5545360.130319.5556
PIK3R113.88970.5648360.134022.2222
PTK233.87240.5648340.139022.3529
CDK259.06550.5755380.136119.5789
APP31.79570.5865380.145322.9474
IL238.79780.5865420.151423.6190
KIT25.58380.5922440.170927.4545
ABCB176.38830.5922420.152322.6667
IGF1R23.72180.6040460.182229.9130
KDR24.69430.6100500.195131.0400
MMP242.40290.6100500.184828.1600
PARP1118.24700.6354540.187627.2593
GSK3β87.19570.6421560.193327.5714
MMP971.76920.6489620.220131.7419
SRC269.95280.6854700.227929.8286
EGFR205.88370.7011740.240531.4595
ESR1315.97330.7176740.229428.5405
PTGS2345.40440.7176740.221126.8108
TNF393.55260.7722860.252529.6744
AKT1518.00660.8026920.266930.5217
), ArticleFig(id=1320881941759509353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Grid scores between core antioxidant targets and key flavonoids in daylily

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键黄酮类化合物结合能(kcal/mol)
EGFRAKT1
丁香亭-7-O-葡萄糖苷−68.463959−84.070251
5,7-二羟基-2',3',4'-三甲氧基-二氢异黄酮−50.473202−63.731796
丁香亭−54.569649−69.403275
山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷−76.168449−93.14991
山柰酚-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷−68.191925−89.349167
槲皮素3-O-(6-O-乙酰基-β−D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)−74.546219−87.979172
槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷−84.64032−99.655106
槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷−72.790222−93.546951
杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷−66.075104−80.111115
杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷−64.904404−85.449997
), ArticleFig(id=1320881941830812522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881929675719419, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黄花菜中核心抗氧化靶点与关键黄酮类化合物之间的结合能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关键黄酮类化合物结合能(kcal/mol)
EGFRAKT1
丁香亭-7-O-葡萄糖苷−68.463959−84.070251
5,7-二羟基-2',3',4'-三甲氧基-二氢异黄酮−50.473202−63.731796
丁香亭−54.569649−69.403275
山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷−76.168449−93.14991
山柰酚-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷−68.191925−89.349167
槲皮素3-O-(6-O-乙酰基-β−D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)−74.546219−87.979172
槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷−84.64032−99.655106
槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷−72.790222−93.546951
杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷−66.075104−80.111115
杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷−64.904404−85.449997
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基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接揭示不同品种黄花菜黄酮的抗氧化机制
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李志豪 1, 2, 3 , 王海珍 1, 2, 3 , 刘振宇 4 , 王晗 5 , 郭尚 1, 2, 3, 6, * , 付永霞 1, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(13): 334-346
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (13) : 334 -346
基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接揭示不同品种黄花菜黄酮的抗氧化机制
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李志豪1, 2, 3 , 王海珍1, 2, 3, 刘振宇4, 王晗5, 郭尚1, 2, 3, 6, * , 付永霞1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1山西农业大学山西功能食品研究院,山西太原 030031
  • 2山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷 030801
  • 3农产品营养健康研究与加工技术山西省重点实验室,山西太原 030031
  • 4四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都 610065
  • 5中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京 100083
  • 6湖南农业大学动物医学院,湖南长沙 410128
通讯作者:
郭尚(1967−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食(药)用菌资源及综合利用,E-mail:。
付永霞(1995−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:杂粮及果蔬营养与加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李志豪(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物品质研究,E-mail:

Unveiling the Antioxidant Mechanism of Flavonoids in Different Varieties of Daylily via Integrating Widely Targeted Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Zhihao LI1, 2, 3 , Haizhen WANG1, 2, 3, Zhenyu LIU4, Han WANG5, Shang GUO1, 2, 3, 6, * , Yongxia FU1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
  • 2College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
  • 3Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Nutrition, Health Research and Processing Technology, Taiyuan 030031, China
  • 4College of Biomass Science & Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
  • 5College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
  • 6College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070338
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黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni)是一种药食两用食品,其核心功效成分为黄酮类化合物。不同品种的黄花菜中黄酮类化合物存在显著差异,从而影响其健康益处。本研究选取在山西大同地区种植的四个品种黄花菜作为研究对象,即大同黄花(DT)、马莲黄花(ML)、猛子花(MZ)和淮阳黄花(HY),通过广泛靶向组学分析揭示其中黄酮代谢物的组成。结果显示:DT的总黄酮含量(TFC)最高,而MZ的抗氧化能力最强。从四个品种黄花菜中筛选到10种具有高度差异的黄酮类代谢物,与它们的抗氧化活性呈显著正相关。这些代谢物在MZ中的含量最高,对应其最强的抗氧化活性。网络药理学分析表明,与黄花菜中关键黄酮类化合物相关的抗氧化靶点主要集中在PI3K-AKT信号通路,其中AKT1和EGFR是核心抗氧化靶点。分子对接结果揭示了10种关键抗氧化黄酮化合物与AKT和EGFR均具有良好的结合力,表明这些黄酮类化合物可以显著缓解氧化应激。本研究为选育具有更好健康益处的黄花菜提供了重要理论依据。

黄花菜  /  黄酮类化合物  /  代谢组学  /  网络药理学  /  分子对接

Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (daylily) is a medicinal and edible food with flavonoids as its core active ingredient. Daylily showed significant differences in flavonoids across varieties, thereby impacting their health benefits. This study selected four daylily varieties in the Datong, namely Datong (DT), Mallian (ML), Mengzi (MZ), and Huaiyang (HY), for metabolomics to unravel their flavonoid composition. DT exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (TFC), while MZ demonstrated the strongest antioxidant potential. There were ten highly differential flavonoid metabolites in four daylily varieties that had a significant positive correlation with their antioxidant activity. Notably, the levels of these metabolites in MZ were the highest, corresponding to its strongest antioxidant activity. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that antioxidant targets associated with key flavonoids in daylily were primarily focused on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, identifying AKT1 and EGFR as the core antioxidant targets. Molecular docking results demonstrated their interaction mechanisms, suggesting that daylily flavonoids might attenuate the oxidative stress. This research provides critical insights for selecting and cultivating daylilies with enhanced health benefits.

daylily  /  flavonoids  /  metabolomics  /  network pharmacology  /  molecular docking
李志豪, 王海珍, 刘振宇, 王晗, 郭尚, 付永霞. 基于广泛靶向代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接揭示不同品种黄花菜黄酮的抗氧化机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 334 -346 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070338
Zhihao LI, Haizhen WANG, Zhenyu LIU, Han WANG, Shang GUO, Yongxia FU. Unveiling the Antioxidant Mechanism of Flavonoids in Different Varieties of Daylily via Integrating Widely Targeted Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 334 -346 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070338
氧化应激由活性氧(ROS)产生和抗氧化防御之间的失衡引起,进而导致自由基过度生成和抗氧化能力减弱。这种细胞氧化还原稳态的破坏被广泛认为与癌症、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病和慢性炎症等多种疾病密切相关[1]。抗氧化剂在减少自由基的过量生成方面发挥着关键作用,对于预防和治疗以上疾病具有重要价值[2]。然而,许多工业合成的抗氧化药物会对健康产生不利影响,因此有必要寻找含抗氧化成分的天然化合物及其衍生物。黄酮类化合物是一种强效抗氧化剂,能对脂质过氧化、动脉粥样硬化、癌症和慢性炎症等病理状态所引起的氧化损伤产生防御作用[3]。通常情况下,黄酮类化合物通过水果和蔬菜等途径摄入。
黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni),又名“金针菜”,是阿福花科萱草属的多年生宿根性草本植物,因其食用、药用和观赏价值受到广泛关注[4]。目前已有许多研究报道了黄花菜的功能,包括抗氧化活性[5−7],这与其富含的黄酮类化合物密切相关[8−10]。黄花菜在中国广泛种植,主要分布在湖南、陕西、甘肃、山西、宁夏等生产区[11],形成了许多品种。不同品种的黄花菜营养成分组成,尤其是黄酮类化合物存在显著差异,这可能影响其健康益处。Guo等[12]发现,不同品种黄花菜的黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性差异显著,该差异同时受遗传因素和产区环境(如土壤、气候、温度)影响。因此,为排除环境干扰,准确评估由遗传决定的不同黄花菜品种固有活性,必须在相同环境条件下进行栽培比较。
本研究拟采用广泛靶向代谢组学技术,对山西省大同市云州区种植的四个黄花菜品种的黄酮类化合物进行研究,结合网络药理学和分子对接,揭示黄花菜中关键黄酮类化合物的潜在抗氧化机制。
黄花菜品种:大同黄花(DT)、猛子花(MZ)、马莲黄花(ML)和淮阳黄花(HY),在自然光照和常温条件下种植于山西省大同市的三十里铺村。待黄花菜成熟后于清晨采摘。采摘时选择大小均匀、成熟度一致的花蕾(长度为125±15 mm,颜色为黄绿色),并在2 h内迅速运送回实验室。随后,将完整的花蕾冷冻干燥48 h,粉碎机磨粉并过筛,存放在干燥器备用;芦丁、PBS缓冲液、水杨酸 均购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司;氢氧化钠(NaOH)、硫酸亚铁(FeSO4) 购自上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;氯化铝(AlCl3)、亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)、过硫酸钾(K2S2O8) 购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;DPPH、ABTS 购自美国Sigma公司。
LC-30A型超高效液相色谱仪 日本Shimadzu公司;TripleTOF 6600+质谱仪 美国SCIEX公司;VORTEX-5涡旋混合器 其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司;CentriVap型离心浓缩仪 美国LABCONCO公司;5424R型离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;KQ5200E超声清洗仪 昆山市超声仪器有限公司。
总黄酮含量(Total flavonoid content,TFC):将0.25 g黄花菜样品与5 mL 70%乙醇(v/v)混合,在60 °C、80 W条件下超声提取30 min,重复提取两次后,合并两次提取的上清液,即为黄花菜黄酮提取液,记录总体积为V。随后,将芦丁标准品溶于70%乙醇中,分别稀释其质量浓度为0.500、0.250、0.125、0.063和0.031 mg/mL。称取50 μL芦丁标准溶液或样品溶液,加入20 μL的5% NaNO2溶液,室温下静置5 min。然后加入20 μL 10% AlCl3溶液,静置6 min。最后,加入200 μL 4% NaOH溶液,静置15 min。测定510 nm处的吸光度值。以芦丁浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,建立标准曲线。根据标准曲线计算反应液中黄酮的浓度(C,mg RE/mL)。根据以下公式计算TFC:
$ \text{TFC}(\text{mg}\;\mathrm{RE}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{}\times \mathrm{C}\times \mathrm{D}}{\mathrm{M}} $
式中,V—提取液的总体积(mL);C—从标准曲线计算得到的反应溶液中黄酮的浓度(mg RE/mL);D—黄酮提取液的稀释倍数;M—样品质量(g)。
DPPH自由基清除率:将100 μL的0.1 mmol/L DPPH溶液(溶于60%乙醇)加入96孔板,然后加入100 μL的黄花菜黄酮提取物溶液,室温下避光反应30 min,在517 nm测定吸光度值,记录为As。对照组用60%乙醇溶液代替DPPH溶液,记录吸光度值为Ac。空白组用60%乙醇代替样品溶液,记录吸光度值为Ab。根据以下公式计算DPPH自由基清除率:
$ \text{DPPH自由基清除率}({\text{%}}) =\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{s}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{c}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{b}}}\right)\times 100 $
ABTS+自由基清除率:首先,配制7 mmol/L ABTS溶液和2.45 mmol/L K2S2O8水溶液,将上述溶液按2:1的体积比混合后在室温下避光保存16 h。随后,向ABTS溶液中加入PBS缓冲液(pH7.4),直至734 nm处的吸光度值达到0.70±0.02。取180 μL ABTS溶液,加入20 μL黄花菜黄酮提取物溶液,在室温下避光反应20 min。测定734 nm处的吸光度值,记录为As。对照组用PBS缓冲液代替ABTS溶液,记录吸光度值为Ac。空白组用PBS缓冲液代替样品溶液,记录吸光度值为Ab。根据以下公式计算ABTS+自由基清除率:
$ \text{ABTS}^+\text{自由基清除率}({\text{%}})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{s}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{c}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{b}}}\right)\times 100 $
羟自由基清除率:分别配制50 μL的2 mmol/L FeSO4 溶液、6 mmol/L水杨酸溶液和6 mmol/L H2O2 溶液。随后加入50 μL的黄花菜黄酮提取液和80 μL的水,充分混匀,测定510 nm处的吸光度值,记录为As。对照组用蒸馏水代替H2O2溶液,记录其吸光度值为Ac。空白组用蒸馏水代替样品溶液,记录其吸光度值为Ab。根据以下公式计算羟自由基清除率:
$ \text{羟自由基清除率}({\text{%}})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{s}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{c}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{b}}}\right)\times 100 $
采用组织研磨仪将黄花菜样品研磨成粉。准确称取50 mg粉碎后的黄花菜,将其与1200 μL 70%的甲醇溶液混合,每次涡旋30 s,共涡旋6次,并在4 ℃下储存过夜。最后,将混合物在12000 r/min下离心3 min,上清液通过0.22 μm的微孔滤膜过滤,用于后续的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析。
采用配备了ExionLC™ AD系统的UPLC和Applied Biosystems 6500 QTRAP仪器进行MS/MS分析。色谱柱为Agilent SB-C18,粒径为1.8 μm,尺寸为2.1 mm×100 mm。流动相A由超纯水和0.1%甲酸组成,流动相B为乙腈。洗脱梯度设置如下:0.00~9.00 min,5%~95% B;9~10 min,95%B;10.00~11.10 min,95%~5%B;11.10~25.10 min,5%B。流速设定为0.35 mL/min,柱温为40 °C,进样量为2 μL。
质谱条件设置如下:电喷雾电离(ESI)温度设定为500 °C;正离子模式下,电离电压设定为5500 V,负离子模式下,电离电压设定为−4500 V。气体设置如下:气体I(GSI)设定为50 psi,气体II(GSII)设定为60 psi,而帘气(CUR)保持在25 psi。碰撞诱导解离(CID)参数经过优化处理。在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行三重四极杆(QQQ)扫描,使用氮气作为碰撞气体,并设置为中等压力。
对每对多反应监测(MRM)离子对的去簇电位(DP)和碰撞能量(CE)进行了优化。基于洗脱的代谢物在每个阶段监测特定组的MRM离子对。使用定制的二级光谱信息数据库MWDB进行物质定性分析。同时,在分析过程中排除了如同位素信号、K+离子、Na+离子、NH4+离子等的重复信号,以及代表较大分子量物质的碎片离子的重复信息,以确保结果的准确性和可靠性。
代谢物的定量分析采用三重四极杆串联质谱仪的多反应监测(MRM)模式。在该操作模式下,第一个四极杆选择性地分离出目标化合物特有的前体离子(也称为母离子),同时排除与其他分子量物质相关的离子,以降低任何潜在的干扰。随后,前体离子在碰撞室中通过电离产生多个碎片离子,这些碎片离子通过三重四极杆过滤,以分离出所需的特征碎片离子,这可以有效去除非目标离子的干扰,从而提高定量的准确性和重现性。从各种样品中获得质谱分析数据后,对所有物质的色谱峰进行峰面积积分。为确保定量的一致性和可靠性,通过积分调整对不同样品中相同代谢物的质谱峰进行归一化处理[13]。
为了研究每个样本的代谢物积累,对代谢数据进行了多种统计分析,包括层次聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)。基于投影变量重要性(VIP)>1、log2fold change(FC)≥2且P<0.05的阈值来筛选差异代谢物,其中高度差异黄酮类代谢物(HDFMs)定义为log2FC≥3。此外,使用Venn图来可视化通过此筛选过程识别到的独有代谢物。
从SwissTarget Prediction数据库(http://swisstargetprediction.ch/)中检索黄花菜中鉴定的关键黄酮类化合物的靶点信息,从GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org/)中获取抗氧化靶点。然后通过Venn图分析来识别黄花菜黄酮类化合物靶点与抗氧化相关靶点之间的交集靶点。随后,使用DAVID数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)对这些交集靶点进行KEGG和GO通路富集分析。通过Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建了“代谢物-靶点-活性”网络和“蛋白-蛋白相互作用”(PPI)网络。最后,使用CytoNCA插件进行拓扑分析,计算五个中心性指标:介数中心性(betweenness centrality,BC)、接近中心性(closeness centrality,CC)、度中心性(degree centrality,DC)、特征向量中心性(eigenvector centrality,EC)和局部边连通性(local average connectivity,LAC)。基于这些参数的中位数筛选关键抗氧化靶点。
从PDB蛋白质数据库(https://www.rcsb.org/)中获取AKT1(PDB ID: 5kcv)和EGFR(PDB ID: 6lud)的蛋白质晶体结构,使用殷赋云平台(http://cloud.yinfotek.com/)的“准备化合物结构”模块生成已鉴定黄花菜黄酮的三维结构。同时,使用“处理PDB结构”模块准备AKT1和EGFR的蛋白质结构,以修复结构缺陷。随后,在殷赋云平台上使用DOCK 6.9软件对所有已鉴定黄酮与目标蛋白(AKT1和EGFR)进行分子对接。对接结果使用网格评分(Grid score,kcal/mol)进行评估。
实验数据均以均值±标准差(Mean±SD)表示,并使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),并进一步使用Dunnett’s检验进行事后多重比较。统计显著性设定为P<0.05。所有图表均通过GraphPad Prism 8.0绘制。
如图1A所示,DT的TFC最高,而ML的TFC最低。与TFC相比,抗氧化能力表现出不同的趋势。MZ表现出最强的抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基的清除率分别为67.11%、43.17%和34.05%,而ML的抗氧化活性最弱,分别为39.26%、19.28%和21.10%(图1B)。植物体内的黄酮类化合物能通过多种机制表现出巨大的治疗潜力:例如对心血管保护、对肿瘤细胞的促凋亡作用、自由基中和以及抗菌活性[14−15]。因此,MZ可能具有显著的营养功效表现。
图2A展示了四个黄花菜品种的花蕾形状。然后,针对黄花菜中多种代谢物进行全面分析,共鉴定出1642种代谢物,包括408种氨基酸及其衍生物(24.9%)、287种黄酮类化合物(17.5%)、212种酚酸(12.9%)、190种脂质(11.6%)、102种有机酸(6.2%)、95种生物碱(5.8%)、81种核苷酸及其衍生物(4.9%)、48种木质素和香豆素(2.9%)、33种醌类化合物(2%)、25种萜类化合物(1.52%)、8种苯及其衍生物(0.49%)、2种甾体(0.12%)、1种单宁(0.06%)以及150种其他代谢物(9.1%)(图2B、图2C)。其中,氨基酸及其衍生物是黄花菜中的主要代谢物,其次是黄酮类化合物。
生物体中的代谢过程受到错综复杂关系的调控,因此,本研究采用皮尔逊相关分析[16]来研究不同代谢物之间的关系,相关系数阈值定义为|r|>0.8(图2D)。结果显示,苯及取代衍生物与萜类化合物显著正相关;生物碱与氨基酸及其衍生物显著正相关;核苷酸及其衍生物与黄酮类化合物之间显著正相关,与脂质之间显著负相关;氨基酸及其衍生物与黄酮类化合物之间显著正相关。
为评估不同黄花菜品种间代谢物类别的差异,对各类代谢物中的累积相对强度进行比较分析,结果以直方图形式展示(图3)。在DT中,氨基酸及其衍生物、核苷酸及其衍生物、黄酮类化合物、木脂素和香豆素、生物碱和有机酸表现出最高的相对强度。与之相反,在MZ中,苯及其取代衍生物以及萜类化合物表现出最高的相对强度。此外,HY和ML的醌类化合物含量高于DT和MZ;相比之下,DT和MZ的酚酸含量则显著高于HY和ML(P<0.05)。另外,ML中的脂质表现出最高的相对强度。黄酮类化合物通常存在于水果、蔬菜和各种谷物中,具有丰富的生物活性,如抗炎和抗衰老作用,对包括心血管疾病和动脉粥样硬化在内的多种疾病具有有益效果[14]。此外,黄酮类化合物能清除ROS、激活抗氧化酶和减少α-生育酚,在减轻氧化损伤方面发挥着至关重要的作用[17]。如图3E所示,DT黄花菜中黄酮类化合物的累积丰度显著高于ML(P<0.05),而与MZ和HY相比则无显著差异,这表明DT、MZ和HY可能具有更好的生理效应。总的来说,黄花菜的代谢物在不同品种之间存在相当大的差异性。
如图4A所示,共鉴定出287种黄酮类代谢物,分为九大类,其中黄酮醇(121种)、黄酮(79种)和黄烷酮(30种)构成了主要的亚类(图4A)。通过主成分分析(PCA)评估不同品种间黄酮类化合物组成的组间差异和组内一致性(图4B),前两个主成分解释了总方差的59.51%(PC1:35.66%,PC2:23.85%),四个样品组在图中明显分离,表明四个品种黄花菜在黄酮类化合物组成上具有显著差异。黄酮类化合物亚类的比较定量分析显示了品种间不同的积累模式(图4C、图4D)。虽然黄酮醇是所有品种中的主要类别,但DT的黄酮醇水平在数值上略高。ML的黄烷酮含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),且查尔酮的积累量最高(ML>HY>DT>MZ)。以DT为对照,采用差异代谢物分析(VIP>1,|log2FC|≥2,P<0.05)分别在ML、HY以及MZ中鉴定出49、48和85种差异代谢物(图5A)。其中,在DT vs. ML的比较组中,36种代谢物显著上调,13种代谢物显著下调;DT vs. HY的比较组中有30种代谢物显著上调,18种代谢物显著下调;DT vs. MZ的比较显示56种代谢物显著下调,29种代谢物显著上调。Venn图分析显示,各比较组之间的重叠有限,其中,DT vs. MZ比较组特有的代谢物数量为71,DT vs. ML的比较组特有的代谢物数量为38,以及DT vs. HY的比较组特有的代谢物数量为45(图5B)。进一步根据|log2FC|≥3条件进行筛选,鉴定出23种高度差异表达代谢物(highly differentially expressed metabolites,HDFMs),这些代谢物被分类为二氢异黄酮、黄酮和黄酮醇(表1)。层次聚类分析(HCA)结果显示,DT和ML的聚类簇距离最近,表明其高度差异表达代谢物的组成最为相似(图5C)。
对黄花菜中的23种HDFMs进行比较分析,用于揭示不同品种间各自不同的积累模式。如图6A所示,与DT相比,HY和MZ中三种黄酮代谢物显著积累:金圣草黄素-7-O-(6''-乙酰)葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3-O-(6-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)和木犀草素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷(P<0.05)。同时,这两个品种中的6,7,8-三羟基-5-甲氧基黄酮和金圣草黄素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,木犀草素和木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷等化合物具有一系列生物效应,包括抗炎、抗癌、抗氧化和促氧化活性[18]。因此,HY和MZ可能比其他两个黄花菜品种具有更好的生物活性。
如图6C所示,与DT相比,HY和MZ中的8-甲氧基山柰酚-7-O-鼠李糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷显著积累(P<0.05)。DT的槲皮素含量最高,其次是MZ、HY和ML。研究表明,来源于天然植物的酰化黄酮苷具有多种生物活性,包括抗氧化和抗菌作用,表明酰化在增强黄酮苷生物特性中具有积极作用。槲皮素是一种强效黄酮,具有强大的抗氧化活性,通常以糖苷形式存在于水果和蔬菜中[19]。山奈酚广泛分布于多种植物性食物中,因其潜在的生物学特性而受到关注,具有抗癌、抗氧化等多种生物活性,并在相关疾病改善方面表现出潜力[20−21]。此外,与DT相比,还在ML、HY和MZ中鉴定出三种积累显著的黄酮醇类化合物:杨梅素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(杨梅苷)、杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷和杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷。杨梅苷是一种具有多种生理益处的化合物,因其结构中含有五个羟基,与其他黄酮醇(如槲皮素)相比,具有显著的抗氧化能力,从而表现出抗炎和抗糖尿病活性[22−24]。此外,MZ的丁香亭含量最高,其次是HY、DT和ML。研究表明,丁香亭具有抗癌、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制和抗炎特性[25]。总体而言,与其他黄花菜品种相比,HY和MZ含有更多种类的HDFMs,包括槲皮素、山奈酚、杨梅苷及其衍生物,主要通过糖基化和甲基化进行修饰,从而增强其生理活性。
图7展示了HDFMs与抗氧化活性(包括DPPH、ABTS+和羟自由基清除率)之间的相关性。其中,不同粗细的线条表示各种黄酮之间相互作用的强度。以(|r|>0.8且P<0.05)为阈值,采用皮尔逊相关性分析筛选得到19种黄花菜HDFMs与抗氧化活性密切相关。其中,杨梅素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷、杨梅素-3-O-木糖苷和槲皮素3-O-(6-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)与DPPH自由基清除率表现出极显著正相关性(r>0.95,P<0.001)。槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3-O-(6-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)、山柰酚-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷和山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷与ABTS+自由基清除率表现出极显著正相关性(r>0.95,P<0.001)。此外,5,7-二羟基-2',3',4'-三甲氧基-二氢异黄酮、丁香亭和丁香亭-7-O-葡萄糖苷与羟自由基清除率表现出极显著正相关性(r>0.95,P<0.001)。因此,上述10种HDFMs被鉴定为黄花菜中的关键抗氧化黄酮代谢物,它们在所研究的黄花菜品种中表现出高效抗氧化能力,而其他HDFMs的贡献相对有限。本研究发现,DT的TFC最高但MZ抗氧化能力最强。这一现象可能与AlCl3比色法的测定特性有关。铝离子(Al3+)能与黄酮类化合物中特定基团(如C4酮基、C3或C5羟基)形成酸稳定络合物并显色[26]。例如,具有邻二酚羟基(如芦丁、槲皮素)或C3-OH、C5-OH的黄酮与铝离子络合能力强、显色深,测定值偏高;而缺乏上述基团的黄酮(如异黄酮、黄烷酮)则络合能力弱、显色浅。MZ中可能富含对AlCl3响应较弱的黄酮结构,导致其TFC测定值偏低。然而,MZ中上述10种HDFMs的含量显著高于其他三个品种,与其最强的抗氧化活性相符(图3B)。此外,本研究主要聚焦于不同品种黄花菜中黄酮类化合物的组成与抗氧化活性差异,但黄花菜中还可能存在酚酸、多糖等其他活性物质,这些成分可能同样具有抗氧化潜力,有待后续深入研究。
网络药理学是一个跨学科领域,整合了系统生物学、基因组学和蛋白质组学,综合大量数据集来发现新的药物靶点并阐明分子机制[27]。在本研究中,采用网络药理学来探究黄花菜中关键抗氧化黄酮类化合物的潜在抗氧化机制。利用SwissTarget Prediction数据库,确定了与10种关键黄花菜抗氧化黄酮类化合物相关的105个靶点(score>0)。此外,还从GeneCards数据库中获得1450个抗氧化相关靶点(score>5.0)。UpSet图分析显示,63个黄酮类化合物靶点与抗氧化靶点重叠(图8A)。通过构建黄酮类化合物-抗氧化靶点相互作用网络,得到74个节点和171条边(图8B),相互作用系统表明,黄花菜黄酮类化合物的健康益处可能源于彼此间的协同作用。
进一步采用GO和KEGG富集分析来鉴定介导黄花菜黄酮抗氧化活性的关键途径。KEGG分析表明磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B(PI3K-AKT)信号通路是一条重要的调控途径(图8C)。该途径在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和自噬等细胞过程中起着至关重要的作用[28−29]。GO分析则表明,63个抗氧化靶点的基因产物主要富集在细胞组分中,包括细胞质核周区域、细胞表面和神经元细胞体(图8D)。
为确定核心抗氧化靶点,利用STRING数据库对63个与关键黄花菜抗氧化黄酮类化合物相关的抗氧化靶点进行了PPI网络构建,并使用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件实现可视化(图8E、图8F)。该网络包含62个节点和926条边,表明黄花菜中的关键抗氧化黄酮通过多个靶点和途径发挥其作用。随后,使用CytoNCA插件进行拓扑分析,得出以下关键中心性指标的中位数值:BC=12.9743,CC=0.5398,DC=26,EC=0.0976,LAC=16.1077。将每个中心性指标超过中位数的靶点选为核心靶点,共鉴定出24个关键抗氧化靶点(表2)。其中,7个靶点(CDK2、IL2、KIT、KDR、GSK3β、EGFR和AKT1)涉及PI3K/AKT信号通路。随后,采用更严格的阈值筛选(DC>50,BC>100,CC>0.7),确定AKT1和EGFR为核心靶点。AKT1是PI3K信号通路的下游关键效应器,调节包括凋亡抑制、细胞生长刺激和代谢调节在内的多种细胞过程[30]。此外,EGFR介导的信号传导对多种组织和细胞类型的细胞增殖、分化和存活至关重要[31−32]。在炎症、细胞损伤等病理状况下,PI3K-AKT信号通路极易出现过度激活的现象[33],然后经由多种途径促使细胞内氧化应激水平显著上升。黄酮类化合物具备EGFR抑制剂的功能,其结构中的色原酮部分能够模拟ATP的腺嘌呤部分,进而与EGFR的ATP结合位点紧密结合,阻碍EGFR的磷酸化进程。这一作用机制会对EGFR下游信号通路,包括PI3K-AKT通路的激活产生影响[34]。随着PI3K-AKT通路的激活受到抑制,细胞内ROS的生成量随之减少,同时抗氧化酶活性得以维持在相对稳定的水平,最终有效抑制氧化应激的发生与发展进程。
分子对接是一种计算机模拟方法,常用于预测蛋白质靶点与小分子间的相互作用[35]。为了进一步探索黄花菜中关键黄酮的潜在抗氧化作用机制,本文使用殷赋云平台的Dock6.9软件计算了关键黄酮类化合物与核心抗氧化靶点(AKT1和EGFR)之间的结合能。结果表明,10种关键黄酮化合物与AKT1和EGFR均具有良好的结合能力,且与AKT1的结合能力更强(表3)。其中,关键黄酮类化合物:槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷和山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷与EGFR的结合能最高,分别为-84.64和-76.17 kcal/mol。而槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷与AKT1的结合能最高,分别为-99.66和-93.55 kcal/mol。大多数黄酮类化合物并不能被生物体直接吸收。研究表明,摄入的黄酮主要在特定的pH条件、消化酶和肠道微生物的作用下发生C环裂解,生成各种酚酸。这些酚酸的抗氧化能力主要来自于其酚羟基。因此,黄酮的抗氧化活性源于其结构中丰富的双键和多酚性质。酚羟基的位置和数量对黄酮的抗氧化能力具有显著影响[36]。在本研究中,山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷和槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷(均含有四个酚羟基)与EGFR发生相互作用。其中,山柰酚-3-O-(6''-丙二酰)半乳糖苷与Lys745、Glu762、Met790、Met793、Thr854和Asp855形成氢键,同时还存在疏水相互作用。槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷与Lys745、Glu762、Met790、Met793和Asp800形成氢键,并有疏水相互作用和盐桥(图9A~图9B)。同样,槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷(两者均含有四个酚羟基)通过π-π堆积、氢键和疏水相互作用与AKT1结合。具体而言,槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷与AKT1的残基Asn53、Asn54、Gln79、Thr82、Ser205和Gly294形成氢键,而槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷则与AKT1的残基Gln79、Thr82、Gln203、Ser205、Arg273、Arg273和Asn279形成氢键(图9C、图9D)。研究发现,AKT1的激酶结构域是一个跨越残基150-408的保守区域[37],而与槲皮素-7-O-(6''-丙二酰)葡萄糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-(6''-O-乙酰)半乳糖苷相互作用的AKT1残基大多位于该激酶结构域内。
然而,本研究在实验验证环节存在不足,一方面,研究未构建细胞氧化应激模型,既未检测化合物处理后细胞内ROS水平的变化,也未探究其对抗氧化酶活性的调控效果,无法在细胞层面直接验证黄花菜中关键黄酮类化合物的抗氧化作用。另一方面,对于“黄花菜黄酮类化合物通过抑制AKT1/EGFR磷酸化发挥抗氧化作用”这一机制,未开展相关验证实验,无法证实该通路与氧化应激调控效果之间的关联性,相关结论仍停留在理论推测层面。
本研究通过广泛靶向代谢组学技术,研究了四种黄花菜品种中的营养和黄酮代谢物组成;通过网络药理学和分子对接技术,探讨了黄花菜黄酮对氧化应激的潜在调节机制。研究发现,不同品种黄花菜的代谢产物分布存在显著差异。对不同品种黄花菜中的总黄酮含量(TFC)、抗氧化活性和黄酮代谢产物组成的进一步分析表明,DT的TFC含量最高,而ML的含量最低。与TFC的趋势不同,抗氧化能力测定显示MZ的抗氧化潜力最强。在四种黄花菜品种中,共鉴定出23种高度差异表达代谢物(HDFMs),包括二氢异黄酮、黄酮和黄酮醇三类。其中,有10种黄酮代谢产物与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关,MZ中上述代谢产物的水平显著高于其他三种黄花菜品种,这与其较强的抗氧化活性一致。网络药理学分析显示,黄花菜中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化靶点主要集中在PI3K-AKT信号通路中。AKT1和EGFR是黄花菜黄酮化合物的两个核心抗氧化靶点。分子对接结果表明,这些黄酮类化合物可能通过靶向AKT1和EGFR来缓解氧化应激。通过深入了解黄花菜中的代谢物组成,可为根据所需功能特性来指导黄花菜品种的选择提供依据。此外,针对实验验证环节的不足,后续需要通过细胞模型对黄花菜黄酮类化合物的抗氧化作用及机制进行分析,并证实黄花菜黄酮类化合物是通过抑制AKT1/EGFR磷酸化发挥抗氧化作用,明确该通路与氧化应激之间的密切关系。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070338
  • 接收时间:2025-07-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28
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    1山西农业大学山西功能食品研究院,山西太原 030031
    2山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷 030801
    3农产品营养健康研究与加工技术山西省重点实验室,山西太原 030031
    4四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都 610065
    5中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京 100083
    6湖南农业大学动物医学院,湖南长沙 410128

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郭尚(1967−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食(药)用菌资源及综合利用,E-mail:。
付永霞(1995−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:杂粮及果蔬营养与加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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