Article(id=1320166124470256481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070250, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681731573, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681731573, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681731573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681731573, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=265, endPage=276, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166124675777378, articleId=1320166124470256481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Ultrasound-assisted Macroporous Resin Purification of Flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Leaves and Their Effect on Gut Microbiota, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted macroporous resin purification process for Abelmoschus manihot (L.) leaf flavonoids (AMLF) and investigate their regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota in mice. Optimal adsorption rates were determined by evaluating ultrasound power, temperature, time, and sample loading concentration, while desorption efficiency was optimized via ultrasound power, temperature, time, and ethanol volume fraction. The final purification protocol was established by integrating both adsorption and desorption performance. The normal mice were gavaged with AMLF at doses of 80, 160, or 320 mg/kg for 35 days. Biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in intestinal tissues, as well as serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, were measured. Intestinal microbiota composition and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed respectively. The results indicated that HPD500 macroporous resin under adsorption conditions (150 W ultrasound power, 25 ℃, 60 min, 1.3 mg/mL loading concentration) achieved the highest adsorption rate (51.76%). Optimal desorption was attained at 180 W ultrasound power, 45 ℃, 30 min, and 70% ethanol, yielding a desorption rate of 84.65%. Under this protocol, AMLF purity increased to 36.72%. Compared with the control group, the intestinal CAT activity in mice of the high-dose group (320 mg/kg) was significantly elevated by 67.43% (P<0.05), whereas the MDA content was markedly reduced by 50.41% (P<0.05). AMLF treatment enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity, upregulated the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Prevotellaceae_UCG_001), and promoted SCFA production. In summary, the ultrasound-assisted macroporous resin technology, characterized by its greenness, low energy consumption, and scalability, effectively enhances the purity of AMLF. Moreover, AMLF modulates immune function, enhances antioxidant capacity, alters the structure of intestinal microbiota and the composition of metabolites, and promotes intestinal health. These findings collectively lay a theoretical foundation for the development of A. manihot (L.) leaf resources and their application in the food industry.

, authors=Mengquan CAI, Shengnan YANG, Xiaoying XIONG, Mingyang ZHENG, Dou ZHAO, Yan QIU*, authorsList=Mengquan CAI, Shengnan YANG, Xiaoying XIONG, Mingyang ZHENG, Dou ZHAO, Yan QIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan QIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166128878470011, articleId=1320166124470256481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超声辅助大孔树脂纯化菜芙蓉叶黄酮及其对肠道菌群的影响, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在优化超声辅助大孔树脂技术纯化菜芙蓉叶黄酮(Ambelmoschus manihot (L.) leaves flavonoid,AMLF)工艺,并探究AMLF对小鼠肠道菌群与代谢产物的影响。通过超声功率、温度、时间和上样浓度等因素确定最佳吸附率,并以超声功率、温度、时间和乙醇体积分数确定最佳解吸率,结合吸附率和解吸率双指标,确定最佳纯化工艺。连续灌胃正常小鼠不同浓度AMLF(80、160、320 mg/kg)35 d,测定小肠总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和分泌型免疫球蛋白A(Secretory immunoglobulin A,sIgA)含量,测定血清组织白细胞介素1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)的含量,分析肠道菌群组成以及粪便短链脂肪酸(Short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)含量。结果表明,选用HPD500大孔树脂,在超声功率150 W,温度25 ℃,时间60 min,上样浓度1.3 mg/mL的吸附条件下,黄酮吸附率最高达51.76%;在超声功率180 W,温度45 ℃,时间30 min,乙醇体积分数70%的解吸条件下,解吸率达84.65%,在此工艺下AMLF纯度可达36.72%。与空白组相比,高剂量组(320 mg/kg)小鼠CAT含量提高了67.43%(P<0.05),而MDA含量则降低了50.41%(P<0.05)。AMLF能够提高小鼠肠道菌群多样性,上调有益菌Lactobacillus和Prevotellaceae_UCG_001相对丰度,促进SCFAs的产生。综上,超声辅助大孔树脂技术绿色低耗、易于放大,可显著增加AMLF的纯度,且AMLF能够调节机体免疫能力,提高抗氧化能力,改变肠道菌群结构与代谢产物种类,促进肠道健康,为菜芙蓉叶资源的开发及其在食品领域的应用提供理论基础。

, authors=蔡梦权, 杨胜男, 熊小英, 郑明洋, 赵斗, 仇燕*, authorsList=蔡梦权, 杨胜男, 熊小英, 郑明洋, 赵斗, 仇燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=仇燕, authorNote=

蔡梦权(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
仇燕(1977−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:天然产物及其功效评价,E-mail:。
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蔡梦权(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物,E-mail:

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Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166129088185212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166129096573821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, companyId=1320166129088185212, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166129109156734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, companyId=1320166129088185212, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河北科技大学食品与生物学院,河北石家庄 050018)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166133345403817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Intra-particle diffusion diagram of flavonoid adsorption in hibiscus leaves, figureFileSmall=KMSBwx3uyVUDLmWC3O1FsA==, figureFileBig=gwY246rtEMwNA0mg7p7lig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166133420901290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菜芙蓉叶黄酮吸附的粒子内扩散图, figureFileSmall=KMSBwx3uyVUDLmWC3O1FsA==, figureFileBig=gwY246rtEMwNA0mg7p7lig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166133622227883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Adsorption isotherm of flavonoids on HPD500 resin at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=jsboxfTZmLBmSMGO/fdiBw==, figureFileBig=B4A52UFVURA/5yV7Q3/v9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166133680948140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同温度下黄酮在HPD500树脂上的吸附等温线, figureFileSmall=jsboxfTZmLBmSMGO/fdiBw==, figureFileBig=B4A52UFVURA/5yV7Q3/v9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166133743862701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Clapeyron-Clauius diagram, figureFileSmall=fiokENm0BVTKExX36VoySA==, figureFileBig=DjkEAymFAlNz7rbKiaVbUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166133810971566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Clapeyron-Clauius图, figureFileSmall=fiokENm0BVTKExX36VoySA==, figureFileBig=DjkEAymFAlNz7rbKiaVbUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166133882274735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Impact of different factors on adsorption rate, figureFileSmall=jTq8VSTiJrtnXuDCA4WjZQ==, figureFileBig=ENnntsZ5T1nq7QD/dGn0eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166133966160816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同因素对吸附率的影响

注:A.功率对吸附率的影响;B.温度对吸附率的影响;C.时间对吸附率的影响;D.上样浓度对吸附率的影响。

, figureFileSmall=jTq8VSTiJrtnXuDCA4WjZQ==, figureFileBig=ENnntsZ5T1nq7QD/dGn0eQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166134058435505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Impact of different factors on desorption rate, figureFileSmall=x0ODneyY8+dND4T/7Pvyqg==, figureFileBig=jlsy0s6w+lKAMMD2bo/vzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166134171681714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同因素对解吸率的影响

注:A为功率对解吸率的影响;B为温度对解吸率的影响;C为时间对解吸率的影响;D为乙醇体积分数对解吸率的影响。

, figureFileSmall=x0ODneyY8+dND4T/7Pvyqg==, figureFileBig=jlsy0s6w+lKAMMD2bo/vzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166134272345011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Kinetic curves of DPPH radical scavenging, figureFileSmall=Da+EmRRWERGDd6gcYxINOQ==, figureFileBig=kpXEprNKAVHTOyIBcUHlNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166135966843828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图6, caption=DPPH自由基清除的动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=Da+EmRRWERGDd6gcYxINOQ==, figureFileBig=kpXEprNKAVHTOyIBcUHlNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136046535605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=HPLC analysis of five flavonoid compounds before and after ultrasound-assisted purification, figureFileSmall=FSwLoXggZst3rRdALCVxqQ==, figureFileBig=6wzOwREhhSOc1JdG+T8zqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136113644470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图7, caption=超声辅助纯化后5种黄酮类化合物的HPLC分析

注:1:芦丁;2:金丝桃苷;3:异槲皮苷;4:杨梅素;5:槲皮素。

, figureFileSmall=FSwLoXggZst3rRdALCVxqQ==, figureFileBig=6wzOwREhhSOc1JdG+T8zqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136193336247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes in body weight and food intake of mice, figureFileSmall=teyz4v9/xHJWlAvFEI5Aaw==, figureFileBig=nha2EHvmGnPnZqZD1ZAvsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136260445112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图8, caption=小鼠体重和进食量变化

注:A为小鼠体重变化;B为小鼠进食量变化。

, figureFileSmall=teyz4v9/xHJWlAvFEI5Aaw==, figureFileBig=nha2EHvmGnPnZqZD1ZAvsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136323359673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Alpha diversity index of gut microbiota and PCoA analysis results, figureFileSmall=xmo15bE3JjhJD4vpMHrMMA==, figureFileBig=zEc5YN9qyPl1/AG2StXFYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136398857146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图9, caption=肠道菌群Alpha多样性指数与PCoA分析结果

注:A. Ace指数;B. Simpson指数;C. PCoA。同一指标不同小写字母表示差异显著,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=xmo15bE3JjhJD4vpMHrMMA==, figureFileBig=zEc5YN9qyPl1/AG2StXFYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136465966011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Changes in the gut microbiota of mice at the phylum and genus levels, figureFileSmall=fNmYwCCrsQ4/OuV4ssQRpA==, figureFileBig=OiVSS9sH++8Hsl0Lkq657Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136562435004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图10, caption=小鼠肠道菌群门、属水平变化

注:A. 门水平变化;B. 厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比率;C. 属水平变化;D. 益生菌和有害菌相对丰度。同一指标不同小写字母表示差异显著,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=fNmYwCCrsQ4/OuV4ssQRpA==, figureFileBig=OiVSS9sH++8Hsl0Lkq657Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136642126781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Content of seven short-chain fatty acids, figureFileSmall=LmMIonvI66rjvH++2dAqmQ==, figureFileBig=Lw+cTEDjrz4O+MMMxf4D2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136742790078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图11, caption=7种短链脂肪酸含量

注:不同小写字母表示数据差异显著,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=LmMIonvI66rjvH++2dAqmQ==, figureFileBig=Lw+cTEDjrz4O+MMMxf4D2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136801510335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Correlation analysis between the top 20 genera of total abundance and short-chain fatty acids, figureFileSmall=wob8WKrUzdfRbSDdiYovgg==, figureFileBig=y7mplZt7lMMU87AfOiBrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136881202112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=图12, caption=总丰度前20属与短链脂肪酸的相关性分析

注:*P<0.05,**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=wob8WKrUzdfRbSDdiYovgg==, figureFileBig=y7mplZt7lMMU87AfOiBrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166136944116673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical properties of the seven resins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称比表面积
(m2/g)
极性粒度
(mm)
含水量
(%)
堆积密度
(g/mL)
HPD500500~550极性0.315~1.2560~700.68~0.75
NKA-9170~250极性0.315~1.2567~730.66~0.71
HPD750650~720中极性0.3~1.260~700.68~0.75
AB-8>520弱极性0.315~1.2565~750.65~0.75
HZ-801500~600非极性0.25~0.31560~700.6~0.7
HPD700650~700非极性0.25~0.31565~750.68~0.75
D101600~700非极性0.3~1.2550~660.65~0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137002836930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

7种树脂的物理特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称比表面积
(m2/g)
极性粒度
(mm)
含水量
(%)
堆积密度
(g/mL)
HPD500500~550极性0.315~1.2560~700.68~0.75
NKA-9170~250极性0.315~1.2567~730.66~0.71
HPD750650~720中极性0.3~1.260~700.68~0.75
AB-8>520弱极性0.315~1.2565~750.65~0.75
HZ-801500~600非极性0.25~0.31560~700.6~0.7
HPD700650~700非极性0.25~0.31565~750.68~0.75
D101600~700非极性0.3~1.2550~660.65~0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137065751491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of adsorption and desorption rates among different types of macroporous resins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称吸附量(mg/g)吸附率(%)解吸量(mg/g)解吸率(%)
HPD7004.493±0.301a56.80±0.76c1.476±0.091d82.12±0.43f
HZ-8014.306±0.292a54.42±0.75d1.326±0.032e77.01±0.25g
AB-83.206±0.212b40.52±0.55e1.086±0.081f84.66±0.60d
NKA-92.893±0.443b36.56±1.12f1.099±0.023f94.98±0.16c
HPD5004.874±0.302a61.61±0.77a1.925±0.017a98.72±0.12a
HPD7504.656±0.481a58.85±1.22b1.821±0.034b97.77±0.35b
D1014.970±0.354a62.81±0.91a1.667±0.039c83.84±0.44e
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137145443268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同型号大孔树脂吸附率和解吸率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树脂名称吸附量(mg/g)吸附率(%)解吸量(mg/g)解吸率(%)
HPD7004.493±0.301a56.80±0.76c1.476±0.091d82.12±0.43f
HZ-8014.306±0.292a54.42±0.75d1.326±0.032e77.01±0.25g
AB-83.206±0.212b40.52±0.55e1.086±0.081f84.66±0.60d
NKA-92.893±0.443b36.56±1.12f1.099±0.023f94.98±0.16c
HPD5004.874±0.302a61.61±0.77a1.925±0.017a98.72±0.12a
HPD7504.656±0.481a58.85±1.22b1.821±0.034b97.77±0.35b
D1014.970±0.354a62.81±0.91a1.667±0.039c83.84±0.44e
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137216746437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Adsorption kinetic equation of flavonoids on HPD500 macroporous resin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
超声功率(W)伪一阶模型伪二阶模型粒子内扩散模型
0ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.01839t+1.26582
R2=0.96833
t/Qt=0.18824t+6.64945
R2=0.96083
Qt=0.36206t1/2+0.31757
R2=0.98441
120ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02191t+0.09584
R2=0.92588
t/Qt=0.15364t+0.48153
R2=0.99953
Qt=0.13149t1/2+5.05991
R2=0.85104
150ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02758t−0.50607
R2=0.73376
t/Qt=0.15061t+0.17464
R2=0.99989
Qt=0.07593t1/2+5.88439
R2=0.74777
180ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02855t−0.33246
R2=0.68417
t/Qt=0.14822t+0.24299
R2=0.99987
Qt=0.09565t1/2+5.75779
R2=0.68959
210ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02647t−0.60498
R2=0.25271
t/Qt=0.15083t+0.22053
R2=0.99952
Qt=0.0873t1/2+5.73653
R2=0.49496
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137288049606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黄酮在HPD500大孔树脂上吸附动力学方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
超声功率(W)伪一阶模型伪二阶模型粒子内扩散模型
0ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.01839t+1.26582
R2=0.96833
t/Qt=0.18824t+6.64945
R2=0.96083
Qt=0.36206t1/2+0.31757
R2=0.98441
120ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02191t+0.09584
R2=0.92588
t/Qt=0.15364t+0.48153
R2=0.99953
Qt=0.13149t1/2+5.05991
R2=0.85104
150ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02758t−0.50607
R2=0.73376
t/Qt=0.15061t+0.17464
R2=0.99989
Qt=0.07593t1/2+5.88439
R2=0.74777
180ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02855t−0.33246
R2=0.68417
t/Qt=0.14822t+0.24299
R2=0.99987
Qt=0.09565t1/2+5.75779
R2=0.68959
210ln(Qe−Qt)=−0.02647t−0.60498
R2=0.25271
t/Qt=0.15083t+0.22053
R2=0.99952
Qt=0.0873t1/2+5.73653
R2=0.49496
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137359352775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Translation of adsorption isotherm equation of flavonoids on HPD500 resin at different temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T(℃)Freundich模型Langmuir模型
方程KFnR2方程QmKLR2
25lnQe=0.8016lnCe+2.191078.9451.250.97596Ce/Qe=0.02053Ce+0.0875248.7090.2350.80599
35lnQe=0.65683lnCe+1.998857.3811.520.91985Ce/Qe=0.04491Ce+0.0823922.2670.5450.88034
45lnQe=0.59536lnCe+1.872276.5031.680.9167Ce/Qe=0.05905Ce+0.0837916.9350.7050.89077
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137434850248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同温度下黄酮在HPD500树脂上的吸附等温方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T(℃)Freundich模型Langmuir模型
方程KFnR2方程QmKLR2
25lnQe=0.8016lnCe+2.191078.9451.250.97596Ce/Qe=0.02053Ce+0.0875248.7090.2350.80599
35lnQe=0.65683lnCe+1.998857.3811.520.91985Ce/Qe=0.04491Ce+0.0823922.2670.5450.88034
45lnQe=0.59536lnCe+1.872276.5031.680.9167Ce/Qe=0.05905Ce+0.0837916.9350.7050.89077
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137510347721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Thermodynamic parameters of flavonoids adsorption on HPD500 resin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ΔH(J·mol−1)ΔG(J·mol−1)ΔS(J·mol−1·K)
298 K308 K318 K298 K308 K318 K
−8989−3097−3892−4442−19.772−16.549−14.299
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137569067978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

HPD500树脂上黄酮的热力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ΔH(J·mol−1)ΔG(J·mol−1)ΔS(J·mol−1·K)
298 K308 K318 K298 K308 K318 K
−8989−3097−3892−4442−19.772−16.549−14.299
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137648759755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Kinetic parameters of DPPH radical scavenging reaction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
动力学参数160 μg/mL80 μg/mL
k0.007590.00257
R20.922340.99625
), ArticleFig(id=1320166137745228748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166124470256481, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

DPPH自由基清除反应的动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
动力学参数160 μg/mL80 μg/mL
k0.007590.00257
R20.922340.99625
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Changes in antioxidant indicators and immune factor levels

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器官组织指标CKL(80 mg/kg)M(160 mg/kg)H(320 mg/kg)
血清IL-1β(pg/mL)136.99±4.24a135.30±3.85a133.53±6.76a131.49±6.62a
IL-2(pg/mL)698.50±4.40b703.10±4.55b713.50±4.44a716.70±3.85a
IgG(g/L)40.34±3.19a42.79±1.80a43.47±1.16a44.31±2.80a
小肠T-AOC(U/mg prot)2.83±0.41a2.92±0.28a3.12±0.44a3.33±0.41a
CAT(U/mg prot)22.57±8.47b24.37±5.5b25.82±8.92b37.79±1.66a
SOD(U/mg prot)77.18±9.03a81.87±6.86a82.08±4.97a87.28±8.92a
MDA(nmol/mg prot)1.21±0.11a1.14±0.32a1.05±0.26a0.60±0.10b
sIgA(pg/mL)32.49±2.36a32.69±1.84a33.41±2.20a33.93±1.93a
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抗氧化指标和免疫因子含量变化

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器官组织指标CKL(80 mg/kg)M(160 mg/kg)H(320 mg/kg)
血清IL-1β(pg/mL)136.99±4.24a135.30±3.85a133.53±6.76a131.49±6.62a
IL-2(pg/mL)698.50±4.40b703.10±4.55b713.50±4.44a716.70±3.85a
IgG(g/L)40.34±3.19a42.79±1.80a43.47±1.16a44.31±2.80a
小肠T-AOC(U/mg prot)2.83±0.41a2.92±0.28a3.12±0.44a3.33±0.41a
CAT(U/mg prot)22.57±8.47b24.37±5.5b25.82±8.92b37.79±1.66a
SOD(U/mg prot)77.18±9.03a81.87±6.86a82.08±4.97a87.28±8.92a
MDA(nmol/mg prot)1.21±0.11a1.14±0.32a1.05±0.26a0.60±0.10b
sIgA(pg/mL)32.49±2.36a32.69±1.84a33.41±2.20a33.93±1.93a
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超声辅助大孔树脂纯化菜芙蓉叶黄酮及其对肠道菌群的影响
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蔡梦权 , 杨胜男 , 熊小英 , 郑明洋 , 赵斗 , 仇燕 *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(14): 265-276
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (14) : 265 -276
超声辅助大孔树脂纯化菜芙蓉叶黄酮及其对肠道菌群的影响
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蔡梦权 , 杨胜男, 熊小英, 郑明洋, 赵斗, 仇燕*
作者信息
  • 河北科技大学食品与生物学院,河北石家庄 050018
通讯作者:
仇燕(1977−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:天然产物及其功效评价,E-mail:。
作者简介:

蔡梦权(2001−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:天然产物,E-mail:

Ultrasound-assisted Macroporous Resin Purification of Flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Leaves and Their Effect on Gut Microbiota
Mengquan CAI , Shengnan YANG, Xiaoying XIONG, Mingyang ZHENG, Dou ZHAO, Yan QIU*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070250
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本研究旨在优化超声辅助大孔树脂技术纯化菜芙蓉叶黄酮(Ambelmoschus manihot (L.) leaves flavonoid,AMLF)工艺,并探究AMLF对小鼠肠道菌群与代谢产物的影响。通过超声功率、温度、时间和上样浓度等因素确定最佳吸附率,并以超声功率、温度、时间和乙醇体积分数确定最佳解吸率,结合吸附率和解吸率双指标,确定最佳纯化工艺。连续灌胃正常小鼠不同浓度AMLF(80、160、320 mg/kg)35 d,测定小肠总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和分泌型免疫球蛋白A(Secretory immunoglobulin A,sIgA)含量,测定血清组织白细胞介素1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)的含量,分析肠道菌群组成以及粪便短链脂肪酸(Short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)含量。结果表明,选用HPD500大孔树脂,在超声功率150 W,温度25 ℃,时间60 min,上样浓度1.3 mg/mL的吸附条件下,黄酮吸附率最高达51.76%;在超声功率180 W,温度45 ℃,时间30 min,乙醇体积分数70%的解吸条件下,解吸率达84.65%,在此工艺下AMLF纯度可达36.72%。与空白组相比,高剂量组(320 mg/kg)小鼠CAT含量提高了67.43%(P<0.05),而MDA含量则降低了50.41%(P<0.05)。AMLF能够提高小鼠肠道菌群多样性,上调有益菌Lactobacillus和Prevotellaceae_UCG_001相对丰度,促进SCFAs的产生。综上,超声辅助大孔树脂技术绿色低耗、易于放大,可显著增加AMLF的纯度,且AMLF能够调节机体免疫能力,提高抗氧化能力,改变肠道菌群结构与代谢产物种类,促进肠道健康,为菜芙蓉叶资源的开发及其在食品领域的应用提供理论基础。

菜芙蓉叶黄酮  /  超声  /  大孔树脂  /  纯化  /  肠道菌群  /  短链脂肪酸

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted macroporous resin purification process for Abelmoschus manihot (L.) leaf flavonoids (AMLF) and investigate their regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota in mice. Optimal adsorption rates were determined by evaluating ultrasound power, temperature, time, and sample loading concentration, while desorption efficiency was optimized via ultrasound power, temperature, time, and ethanol volume fraction. The final purification protocol was established by integrating both adsorption and desorption performance. The normal mice were gavaged with AMLF at doses of 80, 160, or 320 mg/kg for 35 days. Biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in intestinal tissues, as well as serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, were measured. Intestinal microbiota composition and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed respectively. The results indicated that HPD500 macroporous resin under adsorption conditions (150 W ultrasound power, 25 ℃, 60 min, 1.3 mg/mL loading concentration) achieved the highest adsorption rate (51.76%). Optimal desorption was attained at 180 W ultrasound power, 45 ℃, 30 min, and 70% ethanol, yielding a desorption rate of 84.65%. Under this protocol, AMLF purity increased to 36.72%. Compared with the control group, the intestinal CAT activity in mice of the high-dose group (320 mg/kg) was significantly elevated by 67.43% (P<0.05), whereas the MDA content was markedly reduced by 50.41% (P<0.05). AMLF treatment enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity, upregulated the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Prevotellaceae_UCG_001), and promoted SCFA production. In summary, the ultrasound-assisted macroporous resin technology, characterized by its greenness, low energy consumption, and scalability, effectively enhances the purity of AMLF. Moreover, AMLF modulates immune function, enhances antioxidant capacity, alters the structure of intestinal microbiota and the composition of metabolites, and promotes intestinal health. These findings collectively lay a theoretical foundation for the development of A. manihot (L.) leaf resources and their application in the food industry.

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) leaves flavonoid  /  ultrasound  /  macroporous resin  /  purification  /  gut microbiota  /  short-chain fatty acids
蔡梦权, 杨胜男, 熊小英, 郑明洋, 赵斗, 仇燕. 超声辅助大孔树脂纯化菜芙蓉叶黄酮及其对肠道菌群的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 265 -276 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070250
Mengquan CAI, Shengnan YANG, Xiaoying XIONG, Mingyang ZHENG, Dou ZHAO, Yan QIU. Ultrasound-assisted Macroporous Resin Purification of Flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Leaves and Their Effect on Gut Microbiota[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 265 -276 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070250
菜芙蓉(Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic),又称金花葵,是锦葵科秋葵属的一年生或多年生草本植物[1]。我国河北、山东、内蒙古、广东、江苏等地已人工种植两万余亩,其中河北张家口亩产鲜株1900 kg、干品500 kg[2]。花、叶、根、茎和果都可食用,是传统的药食两用资源,具有清利湿热、消炎镇痛之功效。菜芙蓉花含有丰富的黄酮、多糖、不饱和脂肪酸和微量元素硒、锌等成分[3],其中黄酮类化合物是其主要活性物质。Pan等[4]发现菜芙蓉植株不同部位总黄酮含量分布从高到低依次为花、叶、茎、根。现代药理学研究表明,菜芙蓉黄酮具有减轻炎症反应、抵抗自由基引起的细胞损伤[5]、免疫调节[6]、降低血脂[7]等功效,在医药、食品和化妆品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。目前大量研究集中于菜芙蓉花黄酮的提取分离及应用,对叶黄酮的研究与开发缺乏报道。
目前大孔树脂纯化技术,因其易于再生,溶剂消耗低和成本低廉等优势被广泛应用于黄酮类化合物的富集纯化。代继云等[8]用大孔树脂技术纯化尖叶胡枝子总黄酮,使其总黄酮纯度由20.45%提高至52.21%。Shen等[9]利用超声辅助大孔树脂吸附/解吸纯化大枣皮黄酮,发现纯化后儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁和槲皮素含量均是常规摇床处理的2~3倍,且抗氧化和降血糖活性显著增强。Pan等[10]研究表明异槲皮苷等类黄酮能够显著促进双歧杆菌的生长,并提高乳酸菌等益生菌的相对丰度,降低有害菌的相对丰度。黄酮类化合物也改变了肠道微生物的组成增加了短链脂肪酸的含量[11]。桑黄黄酮灌胃环磷酰胺诱导的免疫低下小鼠,可以促进其肠道丙酸和丁酸的产生,增加短链脂肪酸的含量,进而增强了小鼠的免疫力[12]。而菜芙蓉叶黄酮(AMLF)对小鼠肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响未见报道。
本研究旨在筛选富集AMLF的最适大孔树脂,确定超声辅助大孔树脂纯化的最佳条件,建立动力学模型、热力学模型揭示吸附与解吸机理,优化纯化工艺,以实现高效的菜芙蓉叶黄酮纯化。并进一步探究纯化后AMLF对小鼠肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响,挖掘潜在功能价值,为其在食品工业中的应用提供科学依据,进一步推动菜芙蓉资源的深度开发与利用。
菜芙蓉叶 产自河北省井陉县;大孔树脂 郑州和成新材料科技有限公司,7种树脂的名称及物理特性如表1所示;纤维素酶(10000 U/g) 山东隆科特酶制剂有限公司;木聚糖酶(20000 U/g) 山西大禹生物工程股份有限公司;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy-drazyl,DPPH) 和光纯化工业株式会社;乙腈 色谱级,天津市康科德科技有限公司;芦丁(≥98%)、金丝桃苷(≥98%)、异槲皮苷(98%)、杨梅素(98.31%)、槲皮素(99.1%)标准品 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(CAT)试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒 南京建成生物科技有限公司;sIgA ELISA试剂盒、IL-1β ELISA试剂盒、IL-2 ELISA试剂盒、IgG ELISA试剂盒 上海源桔生物科技中心;健康雄性BALB/c小鼠 体重18~22 g,6~8周龄,32只,购自河北医科大学实验动物中心,动物生产许可证号为SCXK(冀)2022-001。小鼠在温度为25 ℃、相对湿度为50%~60%的SPF级动物房中饲养,正常昼夜节律,自由饮水进食。动物实验经河北科技大学动物实验伦理审查委员会批准(批准号:22322801D),所有实验程序均按照国家研究委员会实验动物护理和使用指南进行;基础饲料 购自河北医科大学,SCXK(冀)2021-002。
SHZ-82型气浴回旋振荡器 杭州旌斐仪器科技有限公司;WFZ UV-2000型紫外可见分光光度计 尤尼柯(上海)仪器有限公司;RE-5298A型真空旋转蒸发仪 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;KQ-300DE型超声波清洗器 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;SpcctraMAX i3x型酶标仪 美国美谷分子仪器有限公司;Waters 2996 高效液相色谱仪 美国沃特世科技有限公司;8890B-5977B/7000D气相色谱质谱联用仪 美国安捷伦科技有限公司。
菜芙蓉叶清洗净,50 ℃烘干,粉碎过80目筛4 ℃保存备用。称取20 g菜芙蓉叶粉末,加入600 mL、0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液(pH4.5);复合酶(纤维素酶:木聚糖酶)质量比为2:1,酶含量为3.6%(w/w),混匀后在37.5 ℃,提取2.5 h,而后将酶于95 ℃灭活1 min,5000 r/min 离心15 min,取上清,减压浓缩得提取液。
参考白玉琴等[13]的方法,使用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH法绘制芦丁标准曲线(Y=10.2907x−0.0023,R2=0.9985)。将AMLF提取液8000 r/min离心10 min,取上清,根据芦丁标准曲线计算黄酮含量。
取适量的树脂在无水乙醇中浸泡24 h,纯水冲洗至无醇味,而后在4% HCl溶液中浸泡4 h并用纯水冲洗至中性,最后置于4% NaOH溶液中浸泡4 h,用纯水冲洗至中性,备用。
取各型号预处理的树脂2 g,加入20 mL AMLF提取液并在35 ℃,140 r/min下静态吸附24 h后抽滤,纯水清洗树脂除杂后,加入20 mL 70%乙醇在35 ℃、140 r/min下静态解吸12 h。每组设3个重复,测定吸光度并按下式计算吸附量(Q1)、吸附率(R1)、解吸量(Q2)、解吸率(R2)[9]。
$ {\text{Q}}_{1}=\frac{({\mathrm{C}}_{0}-{\mathrm{C}}_{1}){\mathrm{V}}_{0}}{\mathrm{W}} $
$ {\mathrm{R}}_{1}=\frac{({\mathrm{C}}_{0}-{\mathrm{C}}_{1})}{{\mathrm{C}}_{0}}\times 100 $
$ {\mathrm{Q}}_{2}=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{d}}}{\mathrm{W}} $
$ \rm {\mathrm{R}}_{2}=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{d}}}{({\mathrm{C}}_{0}-{\mathrm{C}}_{1}){\mathrm{V}}_{0}}\times 100 $
其中:C0为初始浓度(mg/mL);C1为平衡浓度(mg/mL);V0为样液体积(mL);W为树脂质量(g);Cd为解吸液浓度(mg/mL);Vd为70%乙醇的体积(mL)。
取50 mL AMLF提取液,加入5 g预处理HPD500树脂,在25 ℃下,分别在不同功率下(0、120、150、180和210 W)进行超声辅助吸附处理。吸附过程中前1 h内间隔10 min,后1 h间隔30 min取出等量吸附液测定吸光度,计算总黄酮含量。采用下列3种动力学模型来描述吸附过程[14]。动力学模型的方程如下:
$ \rm{\mathrm{伪一阶动力学模型:}}\ln(Q_e-Q_t)=\ln Q_e-K_0t $
$ 伪二阶动力学模型:\frac{\mathrm{t}}{\mathrm{Q}_{\mathrm{t}}}=\frac{1}{(\mathrm{K}_1\mathrm{Q}_{\mathrm{e}}^2)}+\frac{\mathrm{t}}{\mathrm{Q}_{\mathrm{e}}} $
$ 粒子内扩散模型: {\mathrm{Q}}_{\mathrm{t}}={\mathrm{K}}_{2}{\mathrm{t}}^{1/2}+\mathrm{M} $
其中:K0为伪一阶模型速率常数;K1为伪二阶模型速率常数;K2为粒子内扩散模型速率常数;Qt为t时刻的吸附量;Qe为平衡时的吸附量;M为粒子内扩散模型中的常数。
取5 g预处理的HPD500树脂,分别加入20 mL不同浓度(0.3、1.3、2.3、3.3和4.4 mg/mL)的提取液,在25、35和45 ℃(298、308和318 K)下进行超声处理,计算树脂平衡吸附量(Qe)。采用Langmuir和Freundlich方程分析它们的契合度。相关方程如下:
$\rm \mathrm{Langmuir模型:} \frac{C_e}{Q_e}=\frac{C_e}{Q_m}+\frac{1}{(K_LQ_m)}$
$ \rm{\mathrm{Freundlich模型:}}\ln Q_e=\ln K_F+\frac{\ln C_e}{n} $
其中:KL为Langmuir常数;KF为Freundlich常数;Ce为平衡浓度,Qm为理论最大吸附能力。
$ \Delta \mathrm{G}=-\text{nRT} $
$ \Delta \mathrm{S}=\frac{\Delta \mathrm{H}-\text{ΔG}}{\mathrm{T}} $
其中:R为气体常数[8.314 (J/mol·K)];n是Freundlich方程中的表观常数;T代表热力学温度,K。
将超声温度和上样浓度分别固定为25 ℃、1.3 mg/mL,探究超声功率(0、120、150、180和210 W)的影响。将超声功率和上样浓度分别固定在150 W、1.3 mg/mL,探究超声温度(25、35和45 ℃)的影响。将超声功率、超声温度和上样浓度分别固定为150 W、25 ℃和1.3 mg/mL,探究超声时间(10、20、30、40、50、60、90和120 min)的影响,将超声功率、温度和时间分别固定为150 W、25 ℃和60 min,考察上样浓度(0.3、1.3、2.3、3.3和4.4 mg/mL)的影响。
在吸附超声功率150 W、超声温度25 ℃、超声时间60 min、最佳上样浓度1.3 mg/mL下,对提取液进行吸附处理后进行解吸附处理。将超声温度和乙醇体积分数分别固定为25 ℃和70%,探究超声功率(0、120、150、180和210 W)的影响。将超声功率和乙醇体积分数分别固定为180 W和70%,探究超声温度(25、35和45 ℃)的影响。将超声功率、温度和乙醇体积分数分别固定为180 W、45 ℃和70%,探究超声时间(10、20、30、40、50、60、90和120 min)的影响。将超声功率、温度和时间分别固定为180 W、45 ℃和30 min,探究乙醇体积分数(50%、60%、70%、80%和90%)对解吸率的影响。
参考Lin等[15]方法,略作修改,收集提取液,减压浓缩成黄酮粉末,测得纯化前后黄酮纯度分别为3.88%和36.72%。制备浓度为10 mg/mL的精制黄酮样品液,将样液稀释成浓度为160 μg/mL和80 μg/mL的样品液,加入DPPH溶液,在室温下,每间隔5 min,测定517 nm处吸光度,DPPH自由基清除率公式如下:
$\rm 清除率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{A_r-A_m}{A_0}\right)\times 100 $
其中:Am为空白组,加样品液不加DPPH;A0为对照组,加DPPH不加样品液;Ar为实验组,加样品液和DPPH。
参照Lai等[16]方法对黄酮类化合物进行HPLC分析。色谱柱使用Waters Symmetry C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),将纯化后的菜芙蓉粉末溶解配制成1 mg/mL的溶液,梯度溶剂体系由乙腈(A)和0.1%磷酸(B)组成,流速1.0 mL/min,进样量为10 μL,在30 ℃条件下进行分离,梯度洗脱程序0~17 min,15%(A),18~25 min,16%(A),26~34 min,20%(A),35~44 min,40%(A),45~50 min,15%(A);检测波长为370 nm。以芦丁、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、杨梅素和槲皮素为标准品,分别绘制其标准曲线:y=15963x+7506.4(R2=0.9997),y=17617x+4063.5(R2=0.9999),y=40843x+16647(R2=0.9998),y=34980x+3090.8(R2=0.9999),y=37242x+9682.5(R2=0.9996),计算纯化后黄酮单体的含量。
参考仇燕等[17]方法,将BALB/c小鼠随机分成4组:空白对照组(CK),纯化AMLF低(L)、中(M)、高(H)剂量组分别为80、160和320 mg/kg,每组8只。适应性饲养7 d,连续灌胃AMLF 35 d,CK组灌胃同等体积的生理盐水,自由饮水进食。第35 d禁食不禁水,于第36 d麻醉,眼眶取血后脱颈处死。
收集血液后,3000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液分装待测。小鼠解剖后,取出小肠,按组织重量(g)/生理盐水(mL)=1:9的比例,放入预冷研磨机中,制备成10%的匀浆液,4 ℃、3500 r/min离心10 min,取上清液分装备用。按照试剂盒说明书,分别测定血清组织IL-1β、IL-2、IgG的含量和小肠组织CAT、T-AOC、SOD活性、MDA含量和sIgA含量。
在小鼠处死前收集粪便样本于无菌无酶的EP管中,液氮速冻,−80 ℃保存。根据DNA试剂盒说明书进行小鼠粪便总DNA提取,检测DNA质量,测定DNA浓度和纯度。总基因组DNA质检合格后,以之为模板,设计合成带有Barcode序列的特异引物,对16S rRNA基因的V3~V4区域进行PCR扩增和产物纯化。上游引物338F(5’-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3’),下游引物806R(5’-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’)。PCR反应体系为:5×TransStart FastPfu缓冲液4 μL,2.5 mmol/L dNTPs 2 μL,上游引物(5 μmol/L)0.8 μL,下游引物(5 μmol/L)0.8 μL,TransStart FastPfu DNA聚合酶0.4 μL,模板DNA 10 ng,补足至20 μL。扩增程序如下:95 ℃预变性3 min,27个循环(95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火,30 s 72 ℃延伸30 s),72 ℃稳定延伸10 min,最后在4 ℃进行保存。对PCR产物检测定量后构建miseq文库,在Illumina公司的Miseq PE300平台进行高通量测序(上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司)。
取20 mg粪便样品于研磨管中,加入800 μL 0.5%磷酸水(含内标2-乙基丁酸10 μg/mL),将样品冷冻研磨3 min,超声10 min,4 ℃ 12000 r/min离心15 min,取出上清200 μL到1.5 mL EP管中,然后加入200 μL正丁醇溶剂萃取。涡旋10 s,低温超声10 min,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心5 min,取上清溶液到进样小瓶上机,GC-MS检测,采用 Agilent 8890-5977B 气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行分析。色谱分离使用 HP-FFAP 毛细管柱(30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm,Agilent J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA, USA),载气为高纯氦气(纯度 ≥ 99.999%),恒流模式,流速 1.0 mL/min。进样口温度设为 180 ℃,进样量 1 μL,采用分流进样,分流比为 10:1,溶剂延迟 2.5 min。柱温箱升温程序为:初始温度 80 ℃,以 20 ℃/min 升至 120 ℃,再以 5 ℃/min 升至 160 ℃,最后于 220 ℃ 后运行 3 min。质谱检测采用电子轰击离子源(EI),离子源温度230 ℃,四极杆温度为 150 ℃,传输线温度为 230 ℃,电子能量为 70 eV。数据采集选用选择离子监测模式(SIM)。采用Masshunter定量软件对目标短链脂肪酸各离子碎片进行自动识别和积分,通过标准曲线计算含量。
所有实验均重复三次,实验数据以平均值±标准差表示。采用Origin 2022作图软件进行数据分析和处理;采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)或Student's t检验对数据进行统计学分析。采用Duncan's多重极差检验法确定平均值间差异的显著性。其余均在美吉云平台上分析。
吸附与解吸能力可作为评价目标化合物回收效率的关键指标[18]。如表2所示,通过测定7种不同树脂对黄酮的吸附率和解吸率,HPD500和D101的吸附率均高于60%,吸附效果较好,但两者无显著差异;D101的解吸率为83.84%,而HPD500的解吸率达到98%以上,具有显著差异(P<0.05)。因此,选择HPD500作为最适大孔树脂用于后续实验。
采用伪一阶、伪二阶和粒子内扩散模型描述不同超声功率下的吸附机理。由表3可见,不同模型决定系数(R2)表明,伪二阶模型R2更接近于1,更适合黄酮的吸附,这与Baranyika等[19]结果一致。此外,吸附过程涉及多个步骤,包括液膜扩散、粒子内扩散以及吸附反应[20]。如图1所示,粒子内扩散模型的所有曲线均未通过原点,表明仅仅考虑粒子内扩散并不能全面解释吸附速率。因此,可以推断出化合物的吸附速率不仅受到粒子内扩散的影响,还受到液膜扩散和吸附反应的影响。
为揭示大孔树脂的吸附与解吸机理,合理设计工艺流程,需要通过Langmuir或Freundlich等吸附等温模型测定并拟合吸附等温线,从而推导出等容热、熵和自由能等关键热力学参数[21]。由表4可知,Freundlich模型在各温度下的决定系数(R2)均显著优于Langmuir模型,表明其对菜芙蓉叶黄酮吸附行为的拟合更佳,故选用Freundlich模型进行描述。如图2所示,随着温度升高黄酮的吸附率降低,表明黄酮的吸附过程是放热反应。温度升高黄酮分子运动速度加快,使其在树脂上保留时间缩短[22],不利于吸附。同时,随着上样浓度的升高,黄酮吸附率降低,这可能是由于黄酮浓度过高,抑制其在树脂内的扩散,占据黄酮在树脂上的吸附位点,从而加大传质阻力[23]。
对焓变(ΔH)、吉布斯自由能变(ΔG)和熵变(ΔS)的研究表明,通过lnCe对1/T作Clapeyron-Clauius图,得到一条直线lnCe=−1081.14849/T+3.15077(图3),根据直线的斜率得ΔH为-8988.6685 J/mol。
如表5所示,列出了HPD500树脂上黄酮的热力学参数。ΔG<0,ΔH<0,ΔS<0表明黄酮吸附是一个自发、放热、熵减的过程。
如图4A所示,在120~210 W范围内,黄酮的吸附率随超声功率的增加而增加,当功率大于150 W时,吸附率增加不显著。因此,确定150 W为最佳超声功率。如图4B所示,吸附率随温度的升高而降低,在25 ℃时吸附率最高。温度继续升高,可能影响大孔树脂的孔隙结构、表面性质和破坏黄酮的结构[24],不利于黄酮分子的吸附,导致黄酮吸附率下降。因此,最佳吸附温度为25 ℃。
如图4C所示,黄酮的吸附率随超声时间的增加而增加,当时间超过60 min,吸附率逐渐达到平衡,并且超声时间过长可导致大孔树脂发生破碎[25],因此60 min为最佳超声时间。黄酮的吸附率随上样浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在上样浓度为1.3 mg/mL时吸附率达到最高值为51.76%(图4D)。这可能是由于较低的上样浓度使树脂的吸附效果不佳,而过高的上样浓度可能导致过多的杂质堵塞大孔树脂表面,影响吸附效果[26]。因此,选择1.3 mg/mL为最佳上样浓度。
由图5A可知,黄酮的解吸率随超声功率的增加而增加,但超声功率高于180 W时增幅不明显。同时,超声功率过高,可能会破坏大孔树脂表面的完整性,不利于重复使用。解吸率随温度的升高而逐渐增加,45 ℃时解吸率最大(图5B)。图5C表明,解吸率随超声时间的增加而增加,但30 min以后增幅不明显。如图5D所示,随乙醇体积分数的增加,黄酮的解吸率呈现一个先升高后降低的趋势,在70%时达到解吸最大值84.65%。乙醇体积分数过低,黄酮的洗脱不完全,会导致解吸率降低,体积分数越高,对树脂与黄酮之间的氢键破坏程度越大[27]。
综上,最佳解吸超声功率、温度、时间和乙醇体积分数分别为180 W、45 ℃、30 min和70%。
采用动力学模型评估不同浓度AMLF对DPPH自由基的清除活性。以ln(1−E)对t作图,回归方程为ln(1−E)=−kt,其中E代表清除率,k代表反应速率。由表6可知,DPPH自由基的清除反应为一级反应。此外,反应速率常数随纯化AMLF浓度的增加而增加。如图6所示,在50 min时,反应趋于稳定。进行线性回归,ln(1−E)与t有良好的线性关系。该结果与Wei等[28]利用双酶辅助盐析法从菟丝子种子中提取的黄酮类化合物清除DPPH自由基的动力学行为研究所得的结果相吻合。
如图7所示,对纯化的AMLF提取物中芦丁、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、杨梅素和槲皮素5种黄酮单体进行定量分析,根据标准曲线计算纯化后的5种黄酮单体含量分别为3.579、53.83、0.01、0.316和7.791 mg/g。
如图8所示,与CK组相比,L组和M组在体重和进食量上差异不明显,而H组体重下降,进食量也显著下降(P<0.05),可能是由于高剂量的AMLF抑制了小鼠食欲导致其体重下降,这与高剂量荷叶黄酮显著降低大鼠体重增长的研究结果一致[29]。为探究AMLF对小鼠抗氧化和免疫的影响,比较了不同组别小鼠血清和小肠进行抗氧化和免疫因子含量。由表7可知,与CK组相比,H组CAT含量显著提高了67.43%(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低了50.41%(P<0.05),IL-2含量也显著提高(P<0.05),表明AMLF可增强小鼠机体抗氧化和免疫能力。
肠道菌群Alpha多样性分析主要用于评估样本中微生物群落的丰富度和多样性[30]。其中,Ace指数主要反映群落的丰富度,Ace指数越大,说明群落的丰富度越大。Simpson指数则主要反映群落的多样性,Simpson指数越小,群落多样性越高,呈负相关关系。如图9A和图9B所示,与CK组相比,L、M和H组Ace指数均升高,其中H组升高较为显著(P<0.05),M和H组Simpson指数显著下降(P<0.05),说明AMLF可以增加小鼠肠道菌群物种丰富度和多样性。
Beta多样性是一种衡量不同微生物群落之间物种多样性差异的指标,它通过比较群落间的物种组成来揭示样本间的微生物群落结构差异[31]。为了直观地展示这些差异,可通过主坐标分析(PCoA)来反映样本间的差异。如图9C所示,不同剂量处理组与CK组在PCoA图上显示出明显的分离趋势,表明AMLF处理对小鼠肠道微生物群落结构产生了显著影响(P=0.001),这一结果提示黄酮可能通过改变肠道微生物群落结构,进而影响宿主的生理功能。
通过与数据库比对,将OTU在不同的分类等级进行分类并注释,得到物种注释柱状图。如图10A所示,在门水平上,不同处理组的优势菌群均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,F)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,B),占肠道菌群丰度的95%以上。如图10B所示,与CK组相比,L、M和H组厚壁菌门丰度均下降,F/B比值显著降低,有助于维持肠道健康[32]。在属水平上,拟杆菌属(norank_f_Muribaculaceae)、乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、毛螺菌科NK4A136菌属、norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014、unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae、普雷沃菌属(Prevotellaceae_UCG-001)和拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)为优势菌属,总相对丰度大于60%(图10C)。有研究表明,肠道菌群乳酸杆菌的丰度增加,可以提高短链脂肪酸的含量,对肠道菌群起积极作用[33];Prevotellaceae_UCG _001能够缓解糖脂代谢紊乱,对人体有益[34]。Colidextribacter的丰度增加与肥胖和代谢紊乱相关[35]。如图10D所示,与CK组相比,L、M和H组的乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和普雷沃菌属(Prevotellaceae_UCG-001)的相对丰度均提高,Colidextribacter的相对丰度降低(P<0.05)。以上结果表明AMLF可能通过增加益生菌并减少有害菌的相对丰度,优化肠道菌群结构以维持稳态。
SCFAs是哺乳动物能量代谢和合成代谢的重要底物,饮食驱动的微生物多样性变化会导致SCFAs的变化,在维持肠道稳态中有重要作用[36]。乙酸能够通过降低细胞因子的表达缓解炎症[37];丙酸可以抑制白细胞介素(IL-6)和活性氧的表达来缓解细胞中炎症[38];丁酸能够通过激活Nrf2信号通路,增强抗氧化酶活性,减轻氧化应激[39]。如图11所示,乙酸(Acetic acid)、丙酸(Propanoic acid)和丁酸(Butanoic acid)是各组小鼠中最主要的SCFAs。与CK组相比,L、M和H组的三种主要SCFAs均升高(P<0.05),表明AMLF可能通过调节肠道菌群的结构,促进短链脂肪酸的产生与积累,进而调节肠道微生态,缓解炎症反应,减轻氧化应激。
为了探究小鼠肠道微生物群与SCFAs,免疫因子和抗氧化指标之间的关系,通过皮尔逊等级相关方法从属水平上对肠道微生物群与上述环境因子进行相关性分析。如图12所示,优势菌乳酸杆菌属(g_Lactobacillus)与SCFAs、SOD、CAT和T-AOC呈正相关,与MDA呈负相关,与免疫因子IL-2、sIgA和IgG呈正相关,与促炎因子IL-1β呈负相关。归荣[40]研究发现,地黄低聚糖处理的LPS诱导的炎症小鼠肠道中,乳酸杆菌与SCFAs、SOD和CAT活性呈正相关,与IL-1β呈负相关,本研究结果与之一致。Prevotellaceae_UCG_001促进了短链脂肪酸的生成,而g_Colidextribacter则抑制了SCFAs的生成,其中对异己酸具有显著作用(P<0.01)。结合肠道菌群变化,AMLF增加了Lactobacillus和Prevotellaceae_UCG_001的相对丰度,降低了g_Colidextribacter的相对丰度,因此,推测AMLF能够增加有益菌的相对丰度,降低有害菌的相对丰度,促进SCFAs的生成,提高了抗氧化活性和免疫活性,对维持肠道菌群健康有重要作用。
本研究通过超声辅助大孔树脂技术纯化AMLF,在测试的7种树脂中,HPD500吸附/解吸能力表现出最佳特性。采用单因素实验确定最佳纯化工艺:超声功率设定为150 W,温度维持在25 ℃,处理时间为60 min,上样浓度为1.3 mg/mL,吸附率最高达51.76%;超声功率180 W,处理时间30 min,温度45 ℃,乙醇体积分数70%,解吸率最高达84.65%,AMLF纯度提高了约9倍,为AMLF的纯化提供了一种高效的途径。纯化黄酮对DPPH自由基表现出非常强的浓度依赖性抗氧化能力。高剂量组小鼠小肠中CAT含量较CK组提高了67.43%,MDA含量降低了50.41%。AMLF的干预促进了肠道菌群中Lactobacillus和Prevotellaceae_UCG_001等益生菌的生成,降低有害菌Colidextribacter的产生。这些有益菌可以促进SCFAs的生成,减少炎症因子的产生,调节免疫因子,增强抗氧化能力,从而促进机体健康。本研究不仅为AMLF的绿色高效大规模分离纯化提供数据参考,还显示了其在营养保健品领域的潜在应用。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070250
  • 接收时间:2025-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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    河北科技大学食品与生物学院,河北石家庄 050018

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仇燕(1977−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:天然产物及其功效评价,E-mail:。
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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