Article(id=1320176130846478451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070248, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684117279, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684117279, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684117279, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684117279, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=138, endPage=146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320176131043610740, articleId=1320176130846478451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Soluble Soybean Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights on the Retrogradation Behavior of Potato Starch, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Starch retrogradation is a major cause of quality deterioration and shortened shelf life in starch-based foods during storage. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of soluble soybean polysaccharides (SSPS) with different molecular weights on the retrogradation behavior of potato starch during storage. The changes of gel hardness, water distribution, retrogradation degree, retrogradation kinetics, crystalline structure, and short-range ordered structure during storage were analyzed to understand the impact of different molecular weight SSPS on starch retrogradation. The results showed the addition of three SSPS with different molecular weights significantly reduced the hardness, crystallinity, short-range order, and retrogradation degree of starch gels, and decreased the water migration, and all three SSPS could inhibit the retrogradation of starch gels during storage (P<0.05). Notably, L-SSPS had the strongest ability to inhibit starch retrogradation. L-SSPS inhibited the retrogradation of potato starch gels mainly because L-SSPS had a small molecular weight and short molecular chains, and contained more hydroxyl groups. This allowed it to compete more effectively with starch for water molecules, thereby inhibiting the recrystallization of amylose and amylopectin and retarding the retrogradation process of starch gels. Avrami kinetic analysis revealed that the addition of SSPS reduced the crystallization rate constant k of the starch gel and prolonged the half-retrogradation time t1/2. It provides a scientific basis for the SSPS molecular weight on starch retrogradation behavior, providing theoretical guidance for improving the quality of starch-based foods and extending their shelf life.

, authors=Huishan SHEN1, 2, 3, Jiaqi WANG1, Shangzhen CHENG1, Hongwei WANG1, 2, 3, Yingying ZHANG1, 2, Yanyan ZHANG1, 2, Xingli LIU1, 2, Hua ZHANG1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Huishan SHEN, Jiaqi WANG, Shangzhen CHENG, Hongwei WANG, Yingying ZHANG, Yanyan ZHANG, Xingli LIU, Hua ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320176133228843129, articleId=1320176130846478451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同分子量可溶性大豆多糖对马铃薯淀粉老化行为的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

淀粉老化是淀粉基食品在储存过程中品质下降和保质期缩短的主要原因。因此,本文将不同分子量可溶性大豆多糖(Soluble soybean polysaccharide,SSPS)与马铃薯淀粉的复合凝胶在4 ℃贮藏7 d,通过贮藏过程中凝胶的硬度、水分分布、老化度、老化动力学、结晶结构和短程有序结构的变化,研究不同分子量SSPS对淀粉老化行为的影响规律和作用机制。结果表明,在贮藏过程中,三种分子量SSPS的添加均可显著降低淀粉凝胶的硬度、结晶度、短程有序度和老化度,减少水分的迁移,抑制淀粉凝胶的老化(P<0.05),其中L-SSPS的抑制效果最强。L-SSPS抑制马铃薯淀粉凝胶老化主要是因为L-SSPS的分子量小、分子链短,包含更多羟基,能够更有效地与淀粉竞争水分子,从而抑制直链淀粉和支链淀粉的重结晶,延缓了淀粉凝胶的老化过程。Avrami老化动力学分析表明,添加SSPS降低了淀粉凝胶的结晶速率常数k,延长了半回生时间t1/2。研究结果揭示了SSPS分子量对淀粉老化行为的影响规律,为改善淀粉基食品品质和延长货架期提供理论指导。

, authors=申慧珊1, 2, 3, 王嘉奇1, 程上珍1, 王宏伟1, 2, 3, 张莹莹1, 2, 张艳艳1, 2, 刘兴丽1, 2, 张华1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=申慧珊, 王嘉奇, 程上珍, 王宏伟, 张莹莹, 张艳艳, 刘兴丽, 张华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张华, authorNote=

申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张华(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=kU3TkNgtGeIRt23m5am4PA==, magXml=HDr57b0M8YV23pe398D+Kw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=tRdh35H319lAuR4MOWzwyw==, pdfFileSize=1297790, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GPN/H9x/QItf7OzHYlhzYw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=8ExKS7nB8WKpzQn1YMC0Wg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320176134076092548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=shen1685778117@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320176134201921672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, authorId=1320176134076092548, language=EN, stringName=Huishan SHEN, firstName=Huishan, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Wheat Flour Food, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

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申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

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Effects of deacetylated konjac glucomannan on the retrogradation properties of pea, mung bean and potato starches during the storage[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 304: 140922., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176142640861392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李子钰, 余世锋. 高压湿热处理对玉米淀粉回生性质的影响[J]. 食品工业, 2021, 42(3): 66−69. [LI Ziyu, YU Shifeng. Effect of high pressure wet and heat treatment on structure and properties of maize starch[J]. 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The Food Industry, 2021, 42(3): 66−69., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176142821216466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUN Huiyu, LIANG Hongshan, ZHAN Fuchao, et al. Influence of O/W emulsion on gelatinization and retrogradation properties of rice starch[J]. 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Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2021, 76: 105650., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320176133446946938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176133455335547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, companyId=1320176133446946938, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176133463724156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, companyId=1320176133446946938, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320176133648273533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176133652467838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, companyId=1320176133648273533, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Wheat Flour Food, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176133660856447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, companyId=1320176133648273533, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2面制食品国家地方联合工程研究中心(河南),河南郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320176133748936832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176133769908353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, companyId=1320176133748936832, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176133778296962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, companyId=1320176133748936832, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320176139524493503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=FTIR spectra and Raman spectral of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel stored at 1 and 7 d, figureFileSmall=Vv6ajOVgtOCMJYjzWi9Ofg==, figureFileBig=GPN/H9x/QItf7OzHYlhzYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176139591602368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏1和7 d的红外光谱和拉曼光谱

注:A和B为淀粉凝胶贮藏1和7 d的去卷积红外光谱;C和D为淀粉凝胶贮藏1和7 d的拉曼光谱。

, figureFileSmall=Vv6ajOVgtOCMJYjzWi9Ofg==, figureFileBig=GPN/H9x/QItf7OzHYlhzYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176139763568833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Crystalline structure of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel stored at 1 d (A) and 7 d (B), figureFileSmall=QXqB0MxFcUdz4V0yVaO/mg==, figureFileBig=tIji0rgjzFv004gv+V9roQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176139860037826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏1 d(A)和7 d(B)的XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=QXqB0MxFcUdz4V0yVaO/mg==, figureFileBig=tIji0rgjzFv004gv+V9roQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176140011032771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Hardness of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel stored at 1 d and 7 d

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品贮藏时间
1 d7 d
Potato Starch Gel772.35±2.25Bb2780.99±77.49Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel753.46±15.46Bb2034.07±69.48Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel918.66±6.29Ba2056.57±72.69Ab
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel759.67±13.83Bb1876.35±7.93Ac
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel760.98±1.24Bb1714.94±9.09Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel617.20±9.94Bc1541.77±16.32Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel371.93±1.24Bd1439.05±4.89Ae
), ArticleFig(id=1320176140103307460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏1 d和7 d的硬度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品贮藏时间
1 d7 d
Potato Starch Gel772.35±2.25Bb2780.99±77.49Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel753.46±15.46Bb2034.07±69.48Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel918.66±6.29Ba2056.57±72.69Ab
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel759.67±13.83Bb1876.35±7.93Ac
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel760.98±1.24Bb1714.94±9.09Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel617.20±9.94Bc1541.77±16.32Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel371.93±1.24Bd1439.05±4.89Ae
), ArticleFig(id=1320176140157833413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Water distribution of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel stored at 1 d and 7 d

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间样品弛豫时间(ms)峰面积比(%)
T21T22T23A21A22A23
1 dPotato Starch Gel1.67±0.01b16.22±0.00c1196.11±0.00a0.47±0.07d2.92±0.03a96.61±0.04a
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel2.40±0.03a21.22±0.00b1045.69±0.00b1.27±0.18c2.65±0.10b96.08±0.28ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel3.03±0.28a24.49±0.63a1045.69±0.00b1.95±0.10a2.27±0.1c95.78±0.00b
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.23±0.00a24.50±4.63a1045.69±0.00b1.90±0.04a2.19±0.01c95.91±0.00ab
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.31±0.02a19.89±1.89b1045.69±0.00b1.88±0.23ab2.23±0.05c95.89±0.28ab
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.20±1.46a21.22±0.00b1045.69±0.00b1.55±0.78bc2.24±0.03c96.21±0.74ab
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.71±0.02a22.37±3.30b1045.69±0.00b1.78±0.50b2.23±0.2c95.99±0.20ab
7 dPotato Starch Gel0.79±0.07d58.28±5.53a799.23±0.00a2.61±0.40a0.90±0.22d96.49±0.19b
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel2.06±0.58c19.89±0.80c799.23±0.00a1.89±0.03d1.62±0.10c96.52±0.14ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.91±0.36c19.89±1.88c799.23±0.00a0.90±0.35c2.15±0.01a96.85±0.03a
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.70±0.00a17.39±1.60d799.23±0.00a1.15±0.19c2.16±0.05a96.72±0.24ab
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.47±0.00b26.02±2.40b799.23±0.00a1.03±0.04c2.01±0.01b96.96±0.07a
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.26±0.62a22.75±2.18c799.23±0.00a1.24±0.11c1.83±0.09b96.93±0.02a
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.93±1.08b26.02±1.42b799.23±0.00a1.85±0.02d1.89±0.14b96.27±0.17b
), ArticleFig(id=1320176141810389190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏1 d和7 d的水分分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
贮藏时间样品弛豫时间(ms)峰面积比(%)
T21T22T23A21A22A23
1 dPotato Starch Gel1.67±0.01b16.22±0.00c1196.11±0.00a0.47±0.07d2.92±0.03a96.61±0.04a
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel2.40±0.03a21.22±0.00b1045.69±0.00b1.27±0.18c2.65±0.10b96.08±0.28ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel3.03±0.28a24.49±0.63a1045.69±0.00b1.95±0.10a2.27±0.1c95.78±0.00b
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.23±0.00a24.50±4.63a1045.69±0.00b1.90±0.04a2.19±0.01c95.91±0.00ab
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.31±0.02a19.89±1.89b1045.69±0.00b1.88±0.23ab2.23±0.05c95.89±0.28ab
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.20±1.46a21.22±0.00b1045.69±0.00b1.55±0.78bc2.24±0.03c96.21±0.74ab
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.71±0.02a22.37±3.30b1045.69±0.00b1.78±0.50b2.23±0.2c95.99±0.20ab
7 dPotato Starch Gel0.79±0.07d58.28±5.53a799.23±0.00a2.61±0.40a0.90±0.22d96.49±0.19b
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel2.06±0.58c19.89±0.80c799.23±0.00a1.89±0.03d1.62±0.10c96.52±0.14ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.91±0.36c19.89±1.88c799.23±0.00a0.90±0.35c2.15±0.01a96.85±0.03a
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.70±0.00a17.39±1.60d799.23±0.00a1.15±0.19c2.16±0.05a96.72±0.24ab
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.47±0.00b26.02±2.40b799.23±0.00a1.03±0.04c2.01±0.01b96.96±0.07a
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel3.26±0.62a22.75±2.18c799.23±0.00a1.24±0.11c1.83±0.09b96.93±0.02a
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel2.93±1.08b26.02±1.42b799.23±0.00a1.85±0.02d1.89±0.14b96.27±0.17b
), ArticleFig(id=1320176141911052487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

R1047/1022 and FWHM of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel stored at 1 and 7 d

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目样品1 d7 d
R1047/1022Potato Starch Gel0.989±0.004Ba1.044±0.001Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel0.979±0.000Bb1.033±0.001Aa
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel0.950±0.000Bc1.008±0.003Ab
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel0.894±0.006Bd0.949±0.002Ac
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel0.873±0.003Be0.926±0.006Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel0.862±0.007Bf0.891±0.015Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel0.837±0.001Bg0.866±0.004Af
FWHM(cm-1)Potato Starch Gel16.27±0.15Ag14.27±0.70Bf
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel18.64±0.01Ae16.74±0.02Be
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel17.73±0.07Af16.91±0.15Be
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel20.21±0.02Ad19.76±0.00Bd
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel21.66±0.07Ac20.87±0.14Bc
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel22.85±0.02Ab21.88±0.09Bb
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel23.68±0.03Aa22.81±0.02Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320176141986549960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏1和7 d的R1047/1022和FWHM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目样品1 d7 d
R1047/1022Potato Starch Gel0.989±0.004Ba1.044±0.001Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel0.979±0.000Bb1.033±0.001Aa
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel0.950±0.000Bc1.008±0.003Ab
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel0.894±0.006Bd0.949±0.002Ac
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel0.873±0.003Be0.926±0.006Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel0.862±0.007Bf0.891±0.015Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel0.837±0.001Bg0.866±0.004Af
FWHM(cm-1)Potato Starch Gel16.27±0.15Ag14.27±0.70Bf
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel18.64±0.01Ae16.74±0.02Be
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel17.73±0.07Af16.91±0.15Be
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel20.21±0.02Ad19.76±0.00Bd
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel21.66±0.07Ac20.87±0.14Bc
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel22.85±0.02Ab21.88±0.09Bb
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel23.68±0.03Aa22.81±0.02Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1320176142062047433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Relative crystallinity of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel stored at 1 d and 7 d

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品贮藏时间
1 d7 d
Potato Starch Gel13.70±0.10Bc21.60±0.14Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel14.13±0.04Bb19.10±0.14Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel15.53±0.02Ba16.26±0.06Ac
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel12.84±0.08Bd15.15±0.07Ade
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel12.20±0.06Be14.91±0.01Ae
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel11.70±0.14Bf15.35±0.07Ad
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel10.74±0.12Bg12.85±0.21Af
), ArticleFig(id=1320176142150127818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏1 d和7 d的相对结晶度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品贮藏时间
1 d7 d
Potato Starch Gel13.70±0.10Bc21.60±0.14Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel14.13±0.04Bb19.10±0.14Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel15.53±0.02Ba16.26±0.06Ac
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel12.84±0.08Bd15.15±0.07Ade
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel12.20±0.06Be14.91±0.01Ae
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel11.70±0.14Bf15.35±0.07Ad
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel10.74±0.12Bg12.85±0.21Af
), ArticleFig(id=1320176142213042379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Retrogradation enthalpy and retrogradation degree of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品老化焓(J/g)
1 d7 d14 d21 d35 d
Potato Starch Gel1.78±0.05Ea4.03±0.03Da9.90±0.04Ca14.28±0.00Ba14.69±0.01Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel1.46±0.01Eb2.99±0.12Db7.53±0.09Cb11.69±0.02Bb12.30±0.05Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.46±0.01Dbc2.89±0.01Cb7.39±0.01Bc11.30±0.00Ac11.26±0.00Ac
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel1.41±0.00Ebc2.77±0.00Dc7.10±0.00Cd10.94±0.01Bd11.26±0.00Acd
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.41±0.00Ec2.65±0.07Dd7.09±0.05Cd10.90±0.01Be11.21±0.02Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel1.09±0.07Dd2.34±0.08Ce7.05±0.12Bd10.87±0.01Af11.00±0.02Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.09±0.03Dd2.28±0.07Ce7.04±0.08Bd10.86±0.01Af10.94±0.05Af
老化度(%)
Potato Starch Gel10.68±0.30Ea24.14±0.17Da59.34±0.22Ca85.58±0.02Ba88.05±0.07Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel10.40±0.04Eab21.25±0.82Db53.51±0.62Cb83.10±0.16Bb87.42±0.38Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel10.29±0.09Db20.39±0.07Cc52.15±0.06Bc79.73±0.02Ac79.44±0.01Ac
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel9.88±0.01Ec19.42±0.00Dd49.80±0.02Cd76.70±0.06Bd78.96±0.01Ad
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel9.88±0.03Ec18.60±0.51De49.75±0.35Cd76.46±0.05Be78.70±0.17Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel7.48±0.46Dd16.03±0.54Cf48.31±0.85Be74.56±0.06Af75.41±0.11Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel7.25±0.23Dd15.23±0.47Cg47.01±0.52Bf72.57±0.05Ag73.10±0.32Af
), ArticleFig(id=1320176142288539852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏过程中的老化焓和老化度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品老化焓(J/g)
1 d7 d14 d21 d35 d
Potato Starch Gel1.78±0.05Ea4.03±0.03Da9.90±0.04Ca14.28±0.00Ba14.69±0.01Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel1.46±0.01Eb2.99±0.12Db7.53±0.09Cb11.69±0.02Bb12.30±0.05Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.46±0.01Dbc2.89±0.01Cb7.39±0.01Bc11.30±0.00Ac11.26±0.00Ac
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel1.41±0.00Ebc2.77±0.00Dc7.10±0.00Cd10.94±0.01Bd11.26±0.00Acd
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.41±0.00Ec2.65±0.07Dd7.09±0.05Cd10.90±0.01Be11.21±0.02Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel1.09±0.07Dd2.34±0.08Ce7.05±0.12Bd10.87±0.01Af11.00±0.02Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel1.09±0.03Dd2.28±0.07Ce7.04±0.08Bd10.86±0.01Af10.94±0.05Af
老化度(%)
Potato Starch Gel10.68±0.30Ea24.14±0.17Da59.34±0.22Ca85.58±0.02Ba88.05±0.07Aa
H-SSPS-0.5-Gel10.40±0.04Eab21.25±0.82Db53.51±0.62Cb83.10±0.16Bb87.42±0.38Ab
H-SSPS-1.0-Gel10.29±0.09Db20.39±0.07Cc52.15±0.06Bc79.73±0.02Ac79.44±0.01Ac
M-SSPS-0.5-Gel9.88±0.01Ec19.42±0.00Dd49.80±0.02Cd76.70±0.06Bd78.96±0.01Ad
M-SSPS-1.0-Gel9.88±0.03Ec18.60±0.51De49.75±0.35Cd76.46±0.05Be78.70±0.17Ad
L-SSPS-0.5-Gel7.48±0.46Dd16.03±0.54Cf48.31±0.85Be74.56±0.06Af75.41±0.11Ae
L-SSPS-1.0-Gel7.25±0.23Dd15.23±0.47Cg47.01±0.52Bf72.57±0.05Ag73.10±0.32Af
), ArticleFig(id=1320176142347260109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Retrogradation kinetic parameters of different molecular weights SSPS-potato starch gel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Avrami方程nlnkkt1/2(d)R2
Potato Starch Gely=0.938x−1.7020.938−1.7020.1824.0550.987
H-SSPS-0.5-Gely=0.955x−1.9310.955−1.9310.1455.0030.989
H-SSPS-1.0-Gely=0.938x−1.9590.938−1.9590.1415.2400.996
M-SSPS-0.5-Gely=1.015x−1.9641.015−1.9640.1404.8680.984
M-SSPS-1.0-Gely=1.048x−2.0481.048−2.0480.1295.1240.989
L-SSPS-0.5-Gely=1.126x−2.0781.126−2.0780.1254.9160.980
L-SSPS-1.0-Gely=1.169x−2.1281.169−2.1280.1194.9750.980
), ArticleFig(id=1320176142431146190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176130846478451, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同分子量SSPS-马铃薯淀粉凝胶的老化动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Avrami方程nlnkkt1/2(d)R2
Potato Starch Gely=0.938x−1.7020.938−1.7020.1824.0550.987
H-SSPS-0.5-Gely=0.955x−1.9310.955−1.9310.1455.0030.989
H-SSPS-1.0-Gely=0.938x−1.9590.938−1.9590.1415.2400.996
M-SSPS-0.5-Gely=1.015x−1.9641.015−1.9640.1404.8680.984
M-SSPS-1.0-Gely=1.048x−2.0481.048−2.0480.1295.1240.989
L-SSPS-0.5-Gely=1.126x−2.0781.126−2.0780.1254.9160.980
L-SSPS-1.0-Gely=1.169x−2.1281.169−2.1280.1194.9750.980
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不同分子量可溶性大豆多糖对马铃薯淀粉老化行为的影响
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申慧珊 1, 2, 3 , 王嘉奇 1 , 程上珍 1 , 王宏伟 1, 2, 3 , 张莹莹 1, 2 , 张艳艳 1, 2 , 刘兴丽 1, 2 , 张华 1, 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(12): 138-146
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (12) : 138 -146
不同分子量可溶性大豆多糖对马铃薯淀粉老化行为的影响
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申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

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申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

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申慧珊1, 2, 3 , 王嘉奇1, 程上珍1, 王宏伟1, 2, 3, 张莹莹1, 2, 张艳艳1, 2, 刘兴丽1, 2, 张华1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州 450001
  • 2面制食品国家地方联合工程研究中心(河南),河南郑州 450001
  • 3中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300
通讯作者:
张华(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

申慧珊(1994−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:淀粉结构修饰和功能化调控,E-mail:

Effect of Soluble Soybean Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights on the Retrogradation Behavior of Potato Starch
Huishan SHEN1, 2, 3 , Jiaqi WANG1, Shangzhen CHENG1, Hongwei WANG1, 2, 3, Yingying ZHANG1, 2, Yanyan ZHANG1, 2, Xingli LIU1, 2, Hua ZHANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 2National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Wheat Flour Food, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 3Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070248
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淀粉老化是淀粉基食品在储存过程中品质下降和保质期缩短的主要原因。因此,本文将不同分子量可溶性大豆多糖(Soluble soybean polysaccharide,SSPS)与马铃薯淀粉的复合凝胶在4 ℃贮藏7 d,通过贮藏过程中凝胶的硬度、水分分布、老化度、老化动力学、结晶结构和短程有序结构的变化,研究不同分子量SSPS对淀粉老化行为的影响规律和作用机制。结果表明,在贮藏过程中,三种分子量SSPS的添加均可显著降低淀粉凝胶的硬度、结晶度、短程有序度和老化度,减少水分的迁移,抑制淀粉凝胶的老化(P<0.05),其中L-SSPS的抑制效果最强。L-SSPS抑制马铃薯淀粉凝胶老化主要是因为L-SSPS的分子量小、分子链短,包含更多羟基,能够更有效地与淀粉竞争水分子,从而抑制直链淀粉和支链淀粉的重结晶,延缓了淀粉凝胶的老化过程。Avrami老化动力学分析表明,添加SSPS降低了淀粉凝胶的结晶速率常数k,延长了半回生时间t1/2。研究结果揭示了SSPS分子量对淀粉老化行为的影响规律,为改善淀粉基食品品质和延长货架期提供理论指导。

可溶性大豆多糖  /  分子量  /  马铃薯淀粉  /  复合凝胶  /  老化行为

Starch retrogradation is a major cause of quality deterioration and shortened shelf life in starch-based foods during storage. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of soluble soybean polysaccharides (SSPS) with different molecular weights on the retrogradation behavior of potato starch during storage. The changes of gel hardness, water distribution, retrogradation degree, retrogradation kinetics, crystalline structure, and short-range ordered structure during storage were analyzed to understand the impact of different molecular weight SSPS on starch retrogradation. The results showed the addition of three SSPS with different molecular weights significantly reduced the hardness, crystallinity, short-range order, and retrogradation degree of starch gels, and decreased the water migration, and all three SSPS could inhibit the retrogradation of starch gels during storage (P<0.05). Notably, L-SSPS had the strongest ability to inhibit starch retrogradation. L-SSPS inhibited the retrogradation of potato starch gels mainly because L-SSPS had a small molecular weight and short molecular chains, and contained more hydroxyl groups. This allowed it to compete more effectively with starch for water molecules, thereby inhibiting the recrystallization of amylose and amylopectin and retarding the retrogradation process of starch gels. Avrami kinetic analysis revealed that the addition of SSPS reduced the crystallization rate constant k of the starch gel and prolonged the half-retrogradation time t1/2. It provides a scientific basis for the SSPS molecular weight on starch retrogradation behavior, providing theoretical guidance for improving the quality of starch-based foods and extending their shelf life.

soluble soybean polysaccharide  /  molecular weight  /  potato starch  /  composite gel  /  retrogradation behavior
申慧珊, 王嘉奇, 程上珍, 王宏伟, 张莹莹, 张艳艳, 刘兴丽, 张华. 不同分子量可溶性大豆多糖对马铃薯淀粉老化行为的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 138 -146 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070248
Huishan SHEN, Jiaqi WANG, Shangzhen CHENG, Hongwei WANG, Yingying ZHANG, Yanyan ZHANG, Xingli LIU, Hua ZHANG. Effect of Soluble Soybean Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights on the Retrogradation Behavior of Potato Starch[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 138 -146 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070248
淀粉基食品(馒头、面条、面包、粉丝等)是人们日常饮食结构中的重要组成部分。然而,淀粉基食品在贮藏过程中容易老化,导致食品出现质地硬化、弹性下降、口感粗糙等品质劣变问题[1],不仅显著降低食品的感官品质和消费者接受度,更严重影响其加工性能,从而制约了淀粉基食品产业的可持续发展。目前,国内外主要通过调控原料组分、添加食品添加剂、控制贮藏条件和优化加工工艺等方法延缓淀粉基食品老化[2−4],其中添加食品添加剂(多糖、蛋白质、乳化剂、酶制剂和亲水胶体等)的应用最广泛[5−6]。
可溶性大豆多糖(Soluble soybean polysaccharide,SSPS)是一种天然阴离子多糖,来源于再利用豆渣,具有良好的乳化性、持水性、抗老化性及抗凝结性。近年来,SSPS在淀粉基食品体系中得到广泛应用,研究表明,SSPS能有效抑制淀粉颗粒膨胀[7],降低糊化黏度[8],减弱淀粉凝胶的弹性和硬度[9],延缓淀粉凝胶的老化[10]。赵启竹[11]指出,SSPS通过包被在淀粉颗粒表面、调控体系中的水分迁移以及与淀粉分子之间的相互作用等机制抑制淀粉的老化。Wang等[12]证实,添加0.2%的SSPS能够有效抑制方便米饭老化,其作用机制可能是SSPS与支链淀粉侧链的相互作用抑制了淀粉分子通过氢键的交联,从而阻碍了有序结构的形成,进而延缓方便米饭的老化进程。值得注意的是,由于原料来源和生产工艺的差异,不同SSPS的分子量分布、酯化度以及蛋白质含量等关键参数存在显著差异,这些结构特征的差异导致其功能特性产生明显区别[13−14]。因此,推测不同分子结构的SSPS抑制淀粉老化的机制和效果可能存在差异。然而,不同分子量SSPS对淀粉老化行为的影响鲜有报道。
马铃薯是全球第四大粮食作物,淀粉产量高、来源广泛。近年来,随着全球对粮食安全与可持续发展的重视,马铃薯的主食化进程不断推进。然而,在马铃薯主食产品的加工与贮藏过程中,淀粉老化问题严重制约了产品品质的提升和货架期的延长,已成为产业面临的关键技术挑战。基于此,本研究将三种不同分子量SSPS与马铃薯淀粉混合制备复合凝胶,并将其在4 ℃贮藏不同时间,通过测定复合凝胶贮藏过程中的硬度、水分分布、短程有序结构、结晶结构及老化度的变化,并结合Avrami老化动力学模型,研究不同分子量SSPS对马铃薯淀粉老化行为的影响规律和作用机制,以期为淀粉基食品的品质调控和抗老化剂的精准应用提供参考。
马铃薯淀粉 上海易恩化学技术有限公司;豆渣(食用级) 平顶山金晶生物科技股份有限公司;硝酸钠 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;叠氮化钠、溴化钾 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;所有试剂均为分析纯。
UltiMate3000型高效液相色谱仪 美国Thermo公司;DAWN HELEOS-Ⅱ多角度光散射检测器、OPTILAB T-rex示差折光检测器 美国Wyatt公司;TA-XT Plus物性测试仪、DSC Q20差示扫描量热仪 美国TA公司;NMI-20低场核磁共振分析仪 上海纽迈电子科技有限公司;Bruker Vertex 70傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 德国Bruker公司;BWS 465-785S便携式拉曼光谱系统 美国Microtrac有限公司;ULTIMA IV型X射线衍射仪 日本理学公司。
根据张权等[15]的方法并加以修改,将豆渣与蒸馏水按固液比1:27(w/v)混合,分别用盐酸调节pH至4.2、3.5和3.0,然后于115 ℃灭菌锅中分别反应120、120和150 min。冷却至室温后,离心(6000 r/min,10 min,25 ℃),收集上清液,将其用3.0 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至11.0,在82 ℃条件下加热120 min去除甲氧基,然后进行抽滤,使上清液浓缩至原体积的1/10,再将浓缩液与95%的乙醇按体积比1:3(v/v)混合,离心(6000 r/min,10 min,25 ℃),得到SSPS沉淀物,复溶于水,旋蒸以除去乙醇,冷冻干燥(45 ℃,12 h)后研磨,获得不同分子量SSPS。
采用高效体积排阻色谱-多角度光散射检测器-示差折光检测器(HPSEC-MALLS-RI)联用技术测定SSPS的分子量。具体实验方法如下:将SSPS样品溶解于含0.02%叠氮化钠的0.1 mol/L硝酸钠溶液中,配制成终浓度为1 mg/mL的样品溶液,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后进样分析。色谱分析条件为:采用Ohpak SB-805 HQ(300×8 mm)和Ohpak SB-803 HQ(300×8 mm)色谱柱串联,柱温维持在45 ℃;流动相为含0.02%叠氮化钠的0.1 mol/L硝酸钠溶液,流速0.6 mL/min;进样量100 μL,等度洗脱75 min[16]。根据测定结果将三种SSPS分别命名为高分子量可溶性大豆多糖(H-SSPS)、中分子量可溶性大豆多糖(M-SSPS)和低分子量可溶性大豆多糖(L-SSPS)。H-SSPS的重均分子量(Mw)和数均分子量(Mn)分别为1014.02 kDa和778.07 kDa,M-SSPS的Mw和Mn分别为747.03 kDa和575.28 kDa,L-SSPS的Mw和Mn分别为133.02 kDa和29.44 kDa。
分别选取H-SSPS、M-SSPS和L-SSPS按照0.5%和1.0%的质量比添加至马铃薯淀粉中,充分混合均匀后,用蒸馏水配制成15%(质量百分比,w/w)的混合液,在95 ℃的水浴中振荡加热30 min,倒入培养皿中定型,冷却至室温后,在4 ℃条件下分别贮藏1 d和7 d。一部分淀粉凝胶进行硬度和水分分布的测定,剩余淀粉凝胶冷冻干燥后研磨,过100目筛,用于结构和老化度测定[17]。样品依次命名为H-SSPS-0.5-Gel、H-SSPS-1.0-Gel、M-SSPS-0.5-Gel、M-SSPS-1.0-Gel、L-SSPS-0.5-Gel、L-SSPS-1.0-Gel。以纯马铃薯淀粉制备的凝胶作为对照组,命名为“Potato Starch Gel”。
将1.2.2中制备的凝胶切成2.5 cm×2.5 cm×2.0 cm的小方块,置于物性测试仪载物台上,测试条件:TPA模式,探头型号P/50,测前速率2 mm/s,测中速率1 mm/s,测后速率1 mm/s,压缩比40%[18]。
采用低场核磁共振分析仪,使用CPMG(Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill)脉冲序列测量。将1.2.2中制备的凝胶放入核磁管中,置于恒定磁场中射频线圈中心处,以CPMG脉冲序列测定样品自旋-自旋弛豫时间T2。测试条件:磁体-探头NMI20-015V-I mm,主频SF=18 MHz,采样频率SW=200 kHz,采样点数TD=1600104,重复扫描次数NS=4,半回波时间TE=1 ms,测试完成进行数据反演得到T2弛豫图谱[19]。
傅里叶红外光谱的测定:准确称取1 mg冻干的淀粉凝胶粉末与100 mg已过100目筛且烘至恒重的溴化钾置于玛瑙研钵中研磨,充分研磨混合均匀后压片。测试条件:以空气为背景,扫描范围4000~400 cm−1,分辨率4 cm−1,累计扫描64次[20]。
拉曼光谱的测定:参照Shen等[21]的方法并稍作改动,将凝胶冻干粉末放在样品台上,并保持样品表面平整和光滑。在样品测试前先进行背景扫描,以消除仪器背景信号对样品信号的干扰。测试条件:扫描范围3400~400 cm−1,波长785 nm,分辨率3 cm−1。样品的短程有序结构通过480 cm−1处的半峰宽(FWHM)来量化。
参照张现芳等[22]的方法并稍作修改,将凝胶冻干粉末在室温下平衡24 h后,均匀地平铺在样品池中,压紧后放置于X射线衍射仪样品台中,使用铜靶(Cu Kα)X射线源,测试条件:电压40 kV,电流40 mA,扫描范围4°~50°,步长0.01°,扫描速率5°/min。
使用差示扫描量热仪测定热力学特性。准确称取3 mg由1.2.2制备的混合大豆多糖-马铃薯淀粉粉末与9 μL去离子水置于铝制坩埚中,在4 ℃平衡24 h后,以10 ℃/min的速率从40 ℃升温至120 ℃,测得样品的糊化焓。待DSC坩埚冷却后,在4 ℃条件下分别贮藏1、7、14、21、35 d,测定样品的老化焓。测试条件为:温度范围40~120 ℃,升温速率10 ℃/min。老化度的计算如式(1)所示[23]:
$ \mathrm{老化度}(\text{%})=\frac{{\Delta \mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{t}}}{{\Delta \mathrm{H}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,ΔHt表示样品贮藏t时的老化焓,J/g;ΔH0表示样品的糊化焓,J/g。
Avrami方程(即Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov方程)是描述相变过程中结晶动力学行为的经典模型,最初用于描述等温条件下聚合物结晶的成核与生长机制。而淀粉老化过程伴随直链淀粉分子重排及微晶结构的形成,其动力学行为与聚合物结晶具有相似的分阶段特征。因此,Avrami方程可以用来研究淀粉老化的动力学特征和结晶程度[24]。老化动力学方程及衍生式如式(2)~式(4)所示:
$\rm \alpha (\mathrm{t})=\frac{{\Delta \text{H}}_{\mathrm{t}}-\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{0}}{\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{\infty}}-\Delta {\mathrm{H}}_{0}}=1-\mathrm{exp}(-k{t}^{n}) $
$\rm \mathrm{ln}[-\mathrm{ln}(1-\alpha (t))]=ln k+nln t $
$\rm {t}_{1/2}={\left(-\frac{\mathrm{ln}0.5}{k}\right)}^{{\frac{1}{{{n}}}}} $
其中,α(t):回生淀粉t时的相对结晶度,范围为0(未结晶)~1(完全结晶);ΔH∞:回生淀粉的最大老化焓,J/g;ΔHt:回生淀粉t时老化焓,J/g;ΔH0:淀粉糊化焓,J/g;n:Avrami指数,表征淀粉结晶成核机制与晶体生长维度;t:回生时间,d;k:老化速率常数,反映淀粉回生的动力学速率,d-n;t1/2:半回生时间,是淀粉回生度达到50%所需要的时间,d。
所有实验重复3次,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件分析数据并通过Duncan多重比较法进行显著性检验(P<0.05),使用Origin 2022软件绘图。
硬度是表征淀粉凝胶老化的重要指标之一[25],随着老化程度的加深,淀粉凝胶的硬度会明显增加。如表1所示,贮藏时间从1 d延长到7 d,所有淀粉凝胶的硬度均显著增加(P<0.05),表明淀粉凝胶在贮藏过程中发生了明显的老化现象。这是由于在贮藏过程中,直链淀粉和支链淀粉分子通过氢键作用发生重排和缔合形成更致密的三维网络结构,从而增加了淀粉凝胶的硬度[26]。此外,贮藏过程中凝胶体系发生水分迁移和相分离,一部分水分从淀粉凝胶网络中析出,导致凝胶基质浓度升高,进一步促进了分子链的紧密堆积,最终表现为凝胶硬度的显著增加[27]。
在贮藏第7 d时,添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶的硬度显著低于天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶(P<0.05),表明SSPS的添加能有效抑制凝胶体系硬度的增加,延缓淀粉凝胶的老化,这与Zhao等[28]的研究结果较一致。这是因为SSPS分子结构中富含羟基、羧基等强亲水性基团,使其具有优异的水合能力,能够与淀粉分子竞争性结合水分[17],显著降低了淀粉分子周围的水分含量,抑制了淀粉分子链通过氢键相互作用进行的重排和缔合,从而延缓了淀粉凝胶的老化过程,抑制了硬度增加。此外,SSPS能够在淀粉分子周围形成一层物理屏障,一方面抑制直链淀粉的溢出,另一方面阻碍其与支链淀粉分子的重排,导致淀粉凝胶难以形成有序致密的三维网络结构,进一步减缓了凝胶硬度的增加[29]。
贮藏7 d后,当SSPS添加量相同时,与天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,添加L-SSPS淀粉凝胶的硬度显著下降(P<0.05),表明L-SSPS在延缓淀粉老化方面具有更好的作用。这可能是因为L-SSPS具有较短的分子链,更容易与淀粉分子结合,从而阻碍淀粉重结晶;同时,其较小的分子量使得分子链上具有更多暴露的游离羟基,这些羟基能够更有效地与体系中的水分子结合,延缓直链淀粉双螺旋结构的形成以及支链淀粉的重结晶过程,抑制淀粉凝胶的老化并延缓硬度的增加[30]。
水分作为影响淀粉老化过程的关键因素,其含量与分布状态与淀粉分子的重排行为存在显著相关性[31]。老化过程中,水分子一方面以自由水状态促进淀粉分子链的迁移,另一方面以结合水状态参与重结晶[32]。表2显示了添加不同分子量SSPS的马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏过程中水分分布的变化。T21为强结合水的弛豫时间,代表与淀粉等大分子紧密结合的水;T22为弱结合水的弛豫时间,代表存在于淀粉等大分子之间的水;T23为自由水的弛豫时间,代表体系中流动性最强的水;A21、A22和A23分别表示强结合水、弱结合水和自由水的峰面积。如表2所示,随着贮藏时间从1 d延长至7 d,添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶的结合水含量(A21+A22)下降,自由水含量增加。这可能是因为在贮藏过程中,直链淀粉通过氢键作用逐渐形成有序的双螺旋结构并发生重结晶现象,同时支链淀粉侧链也参与结晶区的构建,与直链淀粉共同形成更为致密的结晶结构,导致水分子排出[33]。在贮藏1 d时,与天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,添加SSPS淀粉凝胶的自由水含量下降,而对于添加不同分子量SSPS的淀粉凝胶,其自由水含量差异不显著。在贮藏7 d时,除L-SSPS-1.0-Gel外,其他添加不同分子量SSPS的淀粉凝胶自由水含量也没有显著性差异。
在贮藏第1 d时,与天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶的T21和T22显著增加(P<0.05),而T23显著减小(P<0.05)。这可能是因为SSPS的羟基与淀粉分子链形成竞争性结合作用,SSPS通过氢键作用部分取代了淀粉链间的强结合水,削弱了水分子与淀粉链之间的结合,促进了水分子与淀粉双螺旋结构之间的相互作用,从而抑制自由水的流动性。在贮藏第7 d时,与天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶的T22左移,表明在贮藏过程中,添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶体系中水分子与淀粉凝胶网络结构中的相互作用较为稳定。在贮藏第7 d,天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶的弱结合水含量从1 d时的2.92%降低到了0.90%,而添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶的弱结合水含量保持相对稳定,表明适量SSPS的添加能够增加淀粉凝胶的持水能力。在SSPS影响方便米饭老化的研究中指出,SSPS通过与淀粉分子竞争吸水提高了米饭的保水性,抑制了淀粉的老化进程[12]。
傅里叶红外光谱和拉曼光谱主要通过测定分子构象和结晶区化学键的振动来分析淀粉的老化行为,它们都能反映淀粉凝胶在老化过程中的分子重排现象。淀粉老化过程中分子链发生重排,形成更多有序的结晶结构,通常表现为红外光谱中1047 cm−1和1022 cm−1处的吸光度比值(R1047/1022)增加,1047 cm−1和1022 cm−1处的吸收峰分别对应于淀粉的结晶结构和无定形结构;同时拉曼光谱中480 cm−1处的半峰宽(FWHM)降低[34]。图1和表3显示了添加不同分子量SSPS的马铃薯淀粉凝胶贮藏过程中短程有序结构的变化。如表3所示,贮藏时间从1 d延长到7 d,所有淀粉凝胶样品的R1047/1022显著上升(P<0.05),同时FWHM值显著下降(P<0.05),表明淀粉凝胶在贮藏过程中发生老化。贮藏7 d后,与天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,SSPS的添加降低了淀粉凝胶的R1047/1022值,且R1047/1022值随着SSPS添加量的增加呈下降趋势,而FWHM值则表现出上升趋势。这些结果证实SSPS能有效抑制淀粉分子重排,并延缓老化进程[35]。
在相同贮藏时间内,当SSPS添加量相同时,随着SSPS分子量的减小,SSPS-淀粉复合凝胶的R1047/1022值逐渐降低,而FWHM值则逐渐升高,其中L-SSPS对淀粉凝胶短程有序度增长的抑制效果最为明显,表明L-SSPS在抑制淀粉分子短程有序排列和延缓淀粉老化方面更具优势。这可能是由于L-SSPS分子结构中游离羟基含量较高,使其能够更有效地与水分子结合。通过这种竞争性水合作用,L-SSPS既干扰了直链淀粉和支链淀粉的重结晶过程[29],延缓了淀粉凝胶的整体老化进程,又直接导致了凝胶有序度的降低。
X射线衍射(XRD)能够通过检测淀粉凝胶中结晶区的形成和变化来反映淀粉凝胶的老化程度。从图2中可以观察到,所有淀粉凝胶在17°附近出现一个明显的衍射峰,而SSPS的添加对衍射峰的位置没有明显的影响,表明SSPS没有改变淀粉凝胶的晶体类型。添加H-SSPS和L-SSPS后,17°处的衍射峰强度明显下降,且L-SSPS马铃薯淀粉凝胶的下降幅度更明显,表明在淀粉凝胶贮藏过程中,SSPS能够有效抑制淀粉分子的重结晶,且L-SSPS抑制淀粉重结晶的能力更强。
由表4可知,随着贮藏时间的延长,所有淀粉凝胶样品的相对结晶度显著增加(P<0.05),表明淀粉凝胶在贮藏过程中发生了老化。贮藏7 d后,与天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,SSPS的添加显著降低了淀粉凝胶的相对结晶度(P<0.05),且结晶度随着SSPS添加量的增加而显著降低。一方面,可能是由于SSPS通过羟基与直链淀粉分子形成氢键,阻碍了直链淀粉双螺旋结构的形成,从而抑制了直链淀粉重结晶,降低了淀粉的相对结晶度[36]。另一方面,SSPS还抑制了淀粉分子之间的缔合,干扰了支链淀粉分子链间的相互作用,阻止其有序排列并形成更稳定的结晶结构,最终导致结晶度的降低。在魔芋葡甘露聚糖对淀粉结晶度的研究中指出,淀粉的结晶度随着多糖含量的增加而显著降低,是因为多糖和淀粉分子之间的相互作用抑制了淀粉的重结晶[36]。
贮藏7 d后,当SSPS添加量相同时,淀粉凝胶的相对结晶度随着SSPS分子量的减小呈逐渐下降趋势。这可能是由于L-SSPS的分子量较小、分子链较短,并且含有更多的羟基,导致L-SSPS能够更有效地与淀粉竞争水分子,从而干扰直链淀粉和支链淀粉的重结晶过程,显著降低淀粉凝胶的结晶度,进而延缓其老化过程。从上述结果可以得出,SSPS抑制了晶体结构的重新形成,并且抑制效果随SSPS分子量的减小而增加。
差示扫描量热法是研究淀粉老化行为的经典方法之一。淀粉凝胶老化后,在升温过程中会产生晶体熔解的吸热峰。通过测定吸热峰的熔融焓变(ΔH),可以量化淀粉的老化程度。ΔH值越大,说明淀粉中形成的重结晶区域越多,分子排列越有序,老化程度也就越显著[37]。
添加不同分子量SSPS的马铃薯淀粉凝胶在贮藏过程中的老化焓和老化度如表5所示。随着贮藏时间的延长,所有淀粉凝胶的老化焓均呈上升趋势,这表明随着贮藏时间的延长,淀粉老化程度增加。在其他谷物淀粉中也发现了这种趋势[38–39]。这是因为老化初期直链淀粉分子通过氢键相互作用重结晶,老化后期直链淀粉的晶核为支链淀粉的重结晶提供了条件,导致淀粉老化程度增加[40]。与天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶在贮藏1、7、14、21和35 d时的老化焓均显著降低(P<0.05),表明SSPS的添加能够有效抑制淀粉在老化过程中的重结晶行为,延缓淀粉的短期和长期老化。淀粉凝胶在不同贮藏时间的老化度变化趋势与老化焓一致,且在相同的SSPS添加量条件下,老化度随着SSPS分子量的减小而降低,L-SSPS对淀粉短期和长期老化的抑制效果最突出。
Avrami指数n和速率常数k常作为评价老化速率的指标。表6总结了添加不同分子量SSPS的淀粉凝胶的老化动力学方程及参数,所有样品的决定系数R2>0.980,表明添加不同分子量SSPS的马铃薯淀粉凝胶体系在贮藏过程中的重结晶行为均符合Avrami方程。天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶和添加H-SSPS的淀粉凝胶的n值均小于1,说明淀粉凝胶通过瞬时成核形成晶体结构。添加M-SSPS和L-SSPS的淀粉凝胶的n值均大于1且非常接近1,说明该体系重结晶过程是瞬时成核和自发成核共同作用的一维棒状晶体,并且以瞬时成核为主,并可能伴随少量自发成核[41]。n值接近1,表明晶体成核过程主要在贮藏初期,淀粉凝胶老化在贮藏初始阶段变化明显。由表6可知,SSPS的添加增大了n值,这与SSPS和淀粉分子的结合有关,即添加SSPS减缓了淀粉凝胶重结晶速率,抑制了淀粉凝胶老化。
结晶速率常数k表征单位时间内晶体生长的相对速率,与晶体成核方式和线性生长速率有关,k值与淀粉老化速率正相关[31,42]。相比天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶,添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶的k值明显降低,且k值随SSPS的添加量升高而下降,说明SSPS的添加量可以影响淀粉凝胶的老化速率。当SSPS添加量相同时,k值随着SSPS分子量的减小而降低,说明L-SSPS对淀粉老化的抑制效果最突出。天然马铃薯淀粉凝胶的半回生时间t1/2仅为4.055 d,而添加SSPS的淀粉凝胶的t1/2延长至4.868~5.240 d,进一步验证了SSPS的抗老化效果。此模型拟合结果与前文有关淀粉凝胶有序结构的实验结论基本一致。综合动力学参数分析可知,SSPS可通过调控结晶成核机制与生长维度,有效延缓马铃薯淀粉凝胶的老化进程。
本文研究了三种不同分子量SSPS对马铃薯淀粉凝胶老化行为的影响。研究结果表明,在贮藏过程中,添加三种不同分子量SSPS均显著降低淀粉凝胶的硬度、相对结晶度、短程有序度和老化度(P<0.05)。与此同时,还可有效减少凝胶内部的水分迁移,从而抑制淀粉凝胶的老化。在这三种不同分子量的SSPS中,L-SSPS表现出最强的抑制效果。L-SSPS能够有效抑制马铃薯淀粉凝胶的老化,主要是由于其分子量小、分子链短,并且含有更多的羟基。这些特性使得L-SSPS能够更有效地与淀粉竞争水分子,从而干扰直链淀粉和支链淀粉的重结晶过程,进而延缓淀粉凝胶的老化过程。Avrami老化动力学结果表明,添加SSPS降低了马铃薯淀粉凝胶的结晶速率常数k,并延长了半回生时间t1/2。本研究结果为开发基于SSPS的天然抗老化剂提供了理论依据,对改善淀粉基食品的品质稳定性、延长货架期具有重要指导意义。未来可进一步探讨SSPS分子结构差异对不同种类淀粉的凝胶和老化特性的影响规律及其在复杂食品体系中的适用性。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070248
  • 接收时间:2025-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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    1郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州 450001
    2面制食品国家地方联合工程研究中心(河南),河南郑州 450001
    3中原食品实验室,河南漯河 462300

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张华(1975−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:速冻食品加工与安全控制,E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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