Article(id=1320880341859025506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070184, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752681600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852014269, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1789401600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852014269, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852014269, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852014269, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880262012056083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='18', pageStart='1', pageEnd='613', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851995232, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921655980, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321172440479290196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880262012056083, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=384, endPage=394, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880342060352099, articleId=1320880341859025506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Polysaccharides on the Frozen Storage Stability of Highland Barley Leavened Pancakes, columnId=1320880297818837042, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage, Preservation and Cold Chain Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to mitigate the quality deterioration of highland barley leavened pancakes during frozen storage at −18 ℃. The effects of incorporating soluble soybean polysaccharide (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, based on dry flour weight), sodium alginate (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, based on dry flour weight), and xanthan gum (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, based on dry flour weight) on the texture, specific volume, frying loss, and water migration of the pancakes were systematically evaluated. Results demonstrated that all three polysaccharides improved the textural properties by significantly reducing hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, while enhancing resilience and springiness, effectively inhibiting quality deterioration. 0.5% Xanthan gum exhibited the most pronounced effect. It significantly increased gas retention capacity, leading to a 53% higher specific volume and a 27.23% reduction in frying loss after three freeze-thaw cycles. After 30 days of frozen storage, the specific volume remained 30.67% higher than that of the control. Low-field NMR analysis revealed that during frozen storage, the 0.5% xanthan gum group exhibited no significant changes in the relaxation times of T21 and T22 peaks, while the T23 peak shifted slightly to the left. Furthermore, the area proportion of the T21 peak in this group was significantly higher than that in other groups, indicating reduced water mobility and enhanced water-holding capacity. Additionally, this group maintained a high sensory score even after 30 days of frozen storage. In conclusion, 0.5% xanthan gum demonstrated the optimal comprehensive performance in improving the specific volume, textural stability, water-holding capacity, and sensory quality of hulless barley leavened pancakes, and thus could serve as a preferred modifier to enhance the frozen storage quality of hulless barley leavened pancakes.

, authors=Siyuan YANG, Yuhong ZHANG*, Xiaojiao LIU*, authorsList=Siyuan YANG, Yuhong ZHANG, Xiaojiao LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuhong ZHANG, Xiaojiao LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880343759045234, articleId=1320880341859025506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=多糖对青稞发面饼冻藏稳定性的影响, columnId=1320880298024357940, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜与冷链技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究针对冻藏导致青稞发面饼食用品质下降的问题,探究了在−18 ℃冻藏条件下,添加不同浓度的可溶性大豆多糖(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%,以粉干重计)、海藻酸钠(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%,以粉干重计)与黄原胶(0%、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、0.9%,以粉干重计),对青稞发面饼质构、比容、煎制损失率及水分迁移的影响。结果显示,三种多糖均能改善青稞发面饼质构,使其硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性降低,回复性、弹性提升,有效抑制冻融导致的品质劣变;其中,0.5%黄原胶的改善效果显著优于其他两种多糖,与对照组相比可显著提升面团持气力,经3次冻融循环后比容较对照组提升53%、煎制损失率降低27.23%,冻藏30 d后比容仍较对照组提升30.67%;低场核磁共振分析表明,该组在冻藏期间T21和T22峰弛豫时间无显著变化、T23峰轻微左移,且T21峰面积比例显著高于其他组,能降低水分流动性并增强持水性;同时,冻藏30 d后该组仍保持较高感官评分。综上,0.5%黄原胶在改善青稞发面饼比容、质构稳定性、持水性及感官品质方面综合表现最优,可作为提升青稞发面饼冻藏品质的优选改良剂。

, authors=阳思渊, 张玉红*, 刘小娇*, authorsList=阳思渊, 张玉红, 刘小娇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张玉红, 刘小娇, authorNote=

阳思渊(1996−),女,本科,研究实习员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张玉红(1975−),女,硕士,研究员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:。
刘小娇(1984−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:。
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阳思渊(1996−),女,本科,研究实习员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:

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Modern Food Science and Technology, 2020, 36(3): 38−47,112., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880344056840819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880344061035124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, companyId=1320880344056840819, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Agricultural Products Development and Food Science, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880344069423733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, companyId=1320880344056840819, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西藏自治区农牧科学院农产品开发与食品科学研究所,西藏拉萨 850000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880347475198607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Impact of soluble soybean polysaccharide (a), sodium alginate (b), and xanthan gum (c) on the gas retention capacity during the fermentation of highland barley dough, figureFileSmall=ERpoG4ArYme0YAoZE7iA0Q==, figureFileBig=7bceW/+cc48nUMUv/r4gbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880347546501776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=图1, caption=可溶性大豆多糖(a)、海藻酸钠(b)、黄原胶(c)对青稞面团发酵持气力的影响

注:*表示多糖组与对照组的比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001,ns表示无显著性差异;图2~图4、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=ERpoG4ArYme0YAoZE7iA0Q==, figureFileBig=7bceW/+cc48nUMUv/r4gbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880347739439761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Impact of varying concentrations of soluble soybean polysaccharide, sodium alginate, and xanthan gum on the specific volume of highland barley leavened pancakes subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles, figureFileSmall=7r3eIbIwti8WQi12P0Eb3A==, figureFileBig=EcN8vfQ4xpN2wqpP8CO36g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880347806548626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=图2, caption=可溶性大豆多糖、海藻酸钠和黄原胶添加量对多次冻融青稞发面饼比容的影响

注:a~c为0次冻融,d~f为1次冻融,g~i为2次冻融,j~l为3次冻融。

, figureFileSmall=7r3eIbIwti8WQi12P0Eb3A==, figureFileBig=EcN8vfQ4xpN2wqpP8CO36g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880347894629011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Impact of varying concentrations of soluble soybean polysaccharide, sodium alginate, and xanthan gum on the textural properties of highland barley fermented pancakes subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles, figureFileSmall=CHSals0qgwZCLURtCIJ3hw==, figureFileBig=sZxCwkXRE+pBjV4+rXUjdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880347953349268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=图3, caption=可溶性大豆多糖、海藻酸钠和黄原胶添加量对多次冻融青稞发面饼质构的影响

注:a~c为硬度,d~f为胶黏性,g~i为内聚性,j~l为咀嚼性,m~o为弹性,p~r为回复性。

, figureFileSmall=CHSals0qgwZCLURtCIJ3hw==, figureFileBig=sZxCwkXRE+pBjV4+rXUjdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348041429653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of soluble soybean polysaccharide (a), sodium alginate (b), and xanthan gum (c) on the frying loss rate of highland barley leavened pancakes, figureFileSmall=DH7ZY+niTzqryr8vDiHWPw==, figureFileBig=8/7HfsUasQicDH/P9ycpZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348125315734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=图4, caption=可溶性大豆多糖(a)、海藻酸钠(b)、黄原胶(c)对青稞发面饼胚煎制损失率的影响, figureFileSmall=DH7ZY+niTzqryr8vDiHWPw==, figureFileBig=8/7HfsUasQicDH/P9ycpZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348200813207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different polysaccharides on the specific volume of highland barley leavened pancakes during 0 days and 30 days of frozen storage, figureFileSmall=NZ14N8qQ+NXyHhiehcD46g==, figureFileBig=qa4yCBRWSoxLEIeaUiRBGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348272116376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同多糖对青稞发面饼0 d和30 d冻藏比容的影响

注:*表示0 d时多糖组与对照组比较,*P<0.05,***P<0.001;#表示30 d时多糖组与对照组比较,###P<0.001;ns表示无显著性差异;0和30 d多糖组与对照组的整体差异以不同大写字母标注(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=NZ14N8qQ+NXyHhiehcD46g==, figureFileBig=qa4yCBRWSoxLEIeaUiRBGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348351808153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of different polysaccharides on the sensory evaluation of highland barley leavened pancakes during frozen storage, figureFileSmall=udCK1bsGnoSyxyx/rErsTw==, figureFileBig=0qnLeyIuG0glcEDU9Hs4/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348418917018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同多糖对青稞发面饼冻藏阶段感官评价的影响, figureFileSmall=udCK1bsGnoSyxyx/rErsTw==, figureFileBig=0qnLeyIuG0glcEDU9Hs4/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348490220187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of frozen storage time on the pseudo-color images of water distribution in leavened pancakes, figureFileSmall=oE5igxlVUUWChKlnegLE+w==, figureFileBig=WMZyGe2K/fgd3SDrVD8xYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880348557329052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=图7, caption=冻藏时间对发面饼水分分布伪彩色图像的影响, figureFileSmall=oE5igxlVUUWChKlnegLE+w==, figureFileBig=WMZyGe2K/fgd3SDrVD8xYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880349794648734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of highland barley leavened pancakes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标满分(分)评价标准
色泽15金黄(13~15),焦黄或较黄(10~12),颜色过浅(5~9),颜色发白(1~4)
外观15形状规则无气泡(13~15),形状规则略有气泡(10~12),形状凹凸不平无气泡(5~9),形状凹凸不平有气泡(1~4)
内部结构25内部气孔大小均匀(18~25),气孔大小稍有不均(10~17),气孔过大或过小(1~9)
弹性10弹性好且柔软(8~10),中等(5~7),弹性差且硬(1~4)
粘性10不粘牙(8~10),稍粘牙(5~7),粘牙(1~4)
口感10咀嚼良好不费力(8~10),中等(5~7),咀嚼费力(1~4)
味道15青稞香味浓(13~15),较香(10~12),普通无青稞香味(5~9),有苦味(1~4)
), ArticleFig(id=1320880349895312031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青稞发面饼的感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标满分(分)评价标准
色泽15金黄(13~15),焦黄或较黄(10~12),颜色过浅(5~9),颜色发白(1~4)
外观15形状规则无气泡(13~15),形状规则略有气泡(10~12),形状凹凸不平无气泡(5~9),形状凹凸不平有气泡(1~4)
内部结构25内部气孔大小均匀(18~25),气孔大小稍有不均(10~17),气孔过大或过小(1~9)
弹性10弹性好且柔软(8~10),中等(5~7),弹性差且硬(1~4)
粘性10不粘牙(8~10),稍粘牙(5~7),粘牙(1~4)
口感10咀嚼良好不费力(8~10),中等(5~7),咀嚼费力(1~4)
味道15青稞香味浓(13~15),较香(10~12),普通无青稞香味(5~9),有苦味(1~4)
), ArticleFig(id=1320880349970809504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different polysaccharides on the T2 relaxation properties of highland barley leavened pancakes during frozen storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品冻藏时间(d)A21
(%)
A22
(%)
A23
(%)
T21
(ms)
T22
(ms)
T23
(ms)
小麦-黄原胶0%13.65±0.45cde94.05±0.35a2.30±0.10bcd0.21±0.01de4.66±0.41d144.67±16.87g
73.14±0.80e95.38±0.70a1.50±0.21g0.19±0.01e5.20±0.28bc170.20±9.10def
144.32±0.60bc93.62±0.60b2.08±0.13cde0.22±0.02cde5.34±0.00bc179.98±10.47bcde
214.84±0.57b93.00±0.55bc2.16±0.14bcde0.24±0.01bc5.20±0.01bc161.10±11.15efg
284.38±0.59bc93.60±0.55b2.04±0.14cde0.23±0.02bcd5.20±0.28bc161.10±11.15efg
青稞-黄原胶0%13.50±0.10cde93.80±0.10b2.65±0.05a0.27±0.02a4.92±0.34cd144.07±9.70g
73.95±0.44bcd93.98±0.28b2.13±0.16bcde0.22±0.01cde5.34±0.00bc174.753±0.00cde
143.82±0.45bcde93.78±0.40b2.42±0.07bc0.22±0.01cde5.34±0.00bc170.20±9.10def
214.34±0.31bc93.30±0.18b2.38±0.23bc0.24±0.01bc5.50±0.32b170.20±9.10def
283.10±0.32e94.30±0.39a2.60±0.15b0.22±0.01cde4.92±0.34cd151.99±0.00fg
青稞-黄原胶0.5%16.92±0.81a91.38±0.95d1.68±0.17fg0.25±0.00ab6.50±0.45a191.24±22.32ab
76.58±0.58a91.52±0.83d1.88±0.39defg0.25±0.00ab6.50±0.45a196.47±20.86ab
146.96±0.50a91.22±0.48d1.80±0.13efg0.25±0.00ab6.69±0.45a206.94±12.04a
216.98±0.69a90.96±0.33d2.08±0.43cde0.26±0.01ab6.32±0.37a190.46±12.82abcd
286.08±0.66a91.94±0.53cd2.00±0.17cde0.25±0.00ab6.32±0.37a185.22±12.82bcd
), ArticleFig(id=1320880350054695585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880341859025506, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同多糖对青稞发面饼冻藏过程中T2弛豫特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品冻藏时间(d)A21
(%)
A22
(%)
A23
(%)
T21
(ms)
T22
(ms)
T23
(ms)
小麦-黄原胶0%13.65±0.45cde94.05±0.35a2.30±0.10bcd0.21±0.01de4.66±0.41d144.67±16.87g
73.14±0.80e95.38±0.70a1.50±0.21g0.19±0.01e5.20±0.28bc170.20±9.10def
144.32±0.60bc93.62±0.60b2.08±0.13cde0.22±0.02cde5.34±0.00bc179.98±10.47bcde
214.84±0.57b93.00±0.55bc2.16±0.14bcde0.24±0.01bc5.20±0.01bc161.10±11.15efg
284.38±0.59bc93.60±0.55b2.04±0.14cde0.23±0.02bcd5.20±0.28bc161.10±11.15efg
青稞-黄原胶0%13.50±0.10cde93.80±0.10b2.65±0.05a0.27±0.02a4.92±0.34cd144.07±9.70g
73.95±0.44bcd93.98±0.28b2.13±0.16bcde0.22±0.01cde5.34±0.00bc174.753±0.00cde
143.82±0.45bcde93.78±0.40b2.42±0.07bc0.22±0.01cde5.34±0.00bc170.20±9.10def
214.34±0.31bc93.30±0.18b2.38±0.23bc0.24±0.01bc5.50±0.32b170.20±9.10def
283.10±0.32e94.30±0.39a2.60±0.15b0.22±0.01cde4.92±0.34cd151.99±0.00fg
青稞-黄原胶0.5%16.92±0.81a91.38±0.95d1.68±0.17fg0.25±0.00ab6.50±0.45a191.24±22.32ab
76.58±0.58a91.52±0.83d1.88±0.39defg0.25±0.00ab6.50±0.45a196.47±20.86ab
146.96±0.50a91.22±0.48d1.80±0.13efg0.25±0.00ab6.69±0.45a206.94±12.04a
216.98±0.69a90.96±0.33d2.08±0.43cde0.26±0.01ab6.32±0.37a190.46±12.82abcd
286.08±0.66a91.94±0.53cd2.00±0.17cde0.25±0.00ab6.32±0.37a185.22±12.82bcd
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多糖对青稞发面饼冻藏稳定性的影响
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阳思渊 , 张玉红 * , 刘小娇 *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜与冷链技术 2026,47(18): 384-394
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜与冷链技术 2026 , 47 (18) : 384 -394
多糖对青稞发面饼冻藏稳定性的影响
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阳思渊(1996−),女,本科,研究实习员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:

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阳思渊 , 张玉红* , 刘小娇*
作者信息
  • 西藏自治区农牧科学院农产品开发与食品科学研究所,西藏拉萨 850000
通讯作者:
张玉红(1975−),女,硕士,研究员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:。
刘小娇(1984−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

阳思渊(1996−),女,本科,研究实习员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:

Effect of Polysaccharides on the Frozen Storage Stability of Highland Barley Leavened Pancakes
Siyuan YANG , Yuhong ZHANG* , Xiaojiao LIU*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Agricultural Products Development and Food Science, Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
出版时间: 2026-09-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070184
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本研究针对冻藏导致青稞发面饼食用品质下降的问题,探究了在−18 ℃冻藏条件下,添加不同浓度的可溶性大豆多糖(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%,以粉干重计)、海藻酸钠(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%,以粉干重计)与黄原胶(0%、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、0.9%,以粉干重计),对青稞发面饼质构、比容、煎制损失率及水分迁移的影响。结果显示,三种多糖均能改善青稞发面饼质构,使其硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性降低,回复性、弹性提升,有效抑制冻融导致的品质劣变;其中,0.5%黄原胶的改善效果显著优于其他两种多糖,与对照组相比可显著提升面团持气力,经3次冻融循环后比容较对照组提升53%、煎制损失率降低27.23%,冻藏30 d后比容仍较对照组提升30.67%;低场核磁共振分析表明,该组在冻藏期间T21和T22峰弛豫时间无显著变化、T23峰轻微左移,且T21峰面积比例显著高于其他组,能降低水分流动性并增强持水性;同时,冻藏30 d后该组仍保持较高感官评分。综上,0.5%黄原胶在改善青稞发面饼比容、质构稳定性、持水性及感官品质方面综合表现最优,可作为提升青稞发面饼冻藏品质的优选改良剂。

多糖  /  青稞发面饼  /  冻藏  /  质构特性  /  品质改良

This study aimed to mitigate the quality deterioration of highland barley leavened pancakes during frozen storage at −18 ℃. The effects of incorporating soluble soybean polysaccharide (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, based on dry flour weight), sodium alginate (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, based on dry flour weight), and xanthan gum (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, based on dry flour weight) on the texture, specific volume, frying loss, and water migration of the pancakes were systematically evaluated. Results demonstrated that all three polysaccharides improved the textural properties by significantly reducing hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, while enhancing resilience and springiness, effectively inhibiting quality deterioration. 0.5% Xanthan gum exhibited the most pronounced effect. It significantly increased gas retention capacity, leading to a 53% higher specific volume and a 27.23% reduction in frying loss after three freeze-thaw cycles. After 30 days of frozen storage, the specific volume remained 30.67% higher than that of the control. Low-field NMR analysis revealed that during frozen storage, the 0.5% xanthan gum group exhibited no significant changes in the relaxation times of T21 and T22 peaks, while the T23 peak shifted slightly to the left. Furthermore, the area proportion of the T21 peak in this group was significantly higher than that in other groups, indicating reduced water mobility and enhanced water-holding capacity. Additionally, this group maintained a high sensory score even after 30 days of frozen storage. In conclusion, 0.5% xanthan gum demonstrated the optimal comprehensive performance in improving the specific volume, textural stability, water-holding capacity, and sensory quality of hulless barley leavened pancakes, and thus could serve as a preferred modifier to enhance the frozen storage quality of hulless barley leavened pancakes.

polysaccharides  /  highland barley leavened pancakes  /  frozen storage  /  textural propertie  /  quality improvement
阳思渊, 张玉红, 刘小娇. 多糖对青稞发面饼冻藏稳定性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (18) : 384 -394 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070184
Siyuan YANG, Yuhong ZHANG, Xiaojiao LIU. Effect of Polysaccharides on the Frozen Storage Stability of Highland Barley Leavened Pancakes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (18) : 384 -394 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070184
随着世界卫生组织(WHO)对全谷物饮食理念的倡导,以及“健康中国 2030”战略的深入推进,消费者对富含膳食纤维、维生素及矿物质的杂粮关注度持续提升,推动杂粮食品市场需求呈现爆发式增长。发面饼作为我国传统主食,因其传统制作工艺耗时长、操作复杂等问题,难以适配现代快节奏的生活方式。冷冻技术的出现,有效延长了产品的保质期,提高了生产率,在面包、馒头等面制品的大规模生产、加工和销售中得到广泛应用。然而,在冷冻储存过程中冰晶形成会造成面筋蛋白网络结构、酵母活性和淀粉完整性等受损,从而导致面制品比容降低、硬度增加、食用品质下降[1−2]。
为解决冷冻面制品品质劣变问题,添加改良剂成为研究重点。其中,由高分子量亲水长链构成的水溶性多糖,在食品工业中常作为增稠剂、乳化剂等,在提升面制品品质与营养价值方面展现出显著潜力。面团在冷冻贮藏期间,水分流动性增强,冰晶数量增加[3],而食品多糖具有较强的亲水性与胶凝性[4],肖海辉等[5]研究发现银耳多糖与铁皮石斛多糖有利于延缓淀粉回生,提高淀粉的热稳定性,它们能显著降低面团中可冻结水含量,抑制水分的再分布,且有利于面团在冻藏过程中形成细小均匀的冰晶,这一作用可减轻冷冻面团流变性与微观结构的恶化,同时还能改善相关面包产品的比容与硬度。黄原胶是由微生物发酵产生的天然多糖,溶解范围广且具有良好的持水性和保型性,夏萌萌等[6]研究表明马铃薯蛋白-黄原胶复合物可改善荞麦面粉糊化特性、面团的水分分布,提高荞麦面团的发酵特性。多糖中的羟基、羧基、氨基等极性基团可与水分子结合形成氢键,提高保水性,多糖链还可形成增强持水能力的网络结构,同时,多糖的增稠性、亲水性等可增强其与蛋白质分子间的交联作用,使蛋白肽链空间结构更紧密,提升面筋网络结构的紧密性、粘弹性和稳定性,增强面团发酵能力。此外,多糖还可增强淀粉结构,抑制水分子迁移,提高冻融稳定性[4]。综上,多糖可提升面团持水能力、抑制水分迁移和强化面筋蛋白结构等,改善冷冻面制品的质地、外观、冷冻储存稳定性等[1,7−8]。
青稞作为青藏高原地区的传统主粮,具有独特的营养优势,前期研究已对青稞发面饼胚的工艺进行优化,但发面饼胚在冻藏过程中仍存在食用品质下降的问题。基于此,本研究旨在探究多糖对青稞发面饼品质特性及冻藏性能的影响,以期为杂粮主食的工业化改良提供理论依据。
青稞粉 产自西藏拉萨市曲水县;小麦面粉 河北金沙河面业集团有限责任公司;酵母 安琪酵母股份有限公司;猪油 嘉里粮油(四川)有限公司;泡打粉 安琪酵母股份有限公司(百钻);盐 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司;白砂糖 南宁糖业股份有限公司;黄原胶 山东阜丰发酵有限公司;海藻酸钠 青岛明月海藻集团有限公司;可溶性大豆多糖 山东聚源生物科技有限公司。
RC-B7A和面机 江门市新会区三江胜利食品机械厂;118L发酵箱 佛山市乐创餐饮设备科技有限公司;DSS200压面机 德清拜杰电器有限公司;2018C电饼铛 北京利仁科技有限责任公司;TMS-pro质构仪 美国FTC公司;BCD-520WDPD冰箱 海尔集团公司;TC-40-190速冻冰柜 苏州创净化设备有限公司;MNI20-015V-I低场核磁共振仪 苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司。
选取黄原胶(0%、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、0.9%,以粉干重计)、海藻酸钠(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%,以粉干重计)、可溶性大豆多糖(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%,以粉干重计)分别与70 g小麦粉、30 g青稞粉、4 g猪油、1 g干酵母、2 g白砂糖、1 g泡打粉和70 g水混合成面团。将和好的面团放入37 ℃、相对湿度80%的醒发箱中醒发40 min。用压面机辊压排气,压至厚约1 cm面胚,分割成直径约6 cm的饼胚,将制成的饼胚放入−40 ℃的速冻冰柜中,速冻2 h后,放入−18 ℃冰箱冷冻储存待测。
取20 g制备好的面团放入50 mL的密封容器中,记录初始体积。在37 ℃下醒发40 min,发酵结束后记录最终发酵体积。面团持气力定义为醒发后面团达到的最大体积减去醒发前的面团体积(mL)。
$\rm \text{发酵持气力(mL)=发酵后体积}-发酵前体积 $
用电饼铛将冷冻饼胚两面各煎制3 min,将煎熟的青稞发面饼冷却30 min,并通过菜籽置换法测量发面饼体积。
$\rm \text{比容}(mL/g)=\frac{{发面饼体积(mL)}}{\text{发面饼质量(g)}} $
参照陈臣[9]所述的方法,并进行适当修改。将煎熟的青稞发面饼冷却30 min,切成30 mm×30 mm小块,用36 mm的铝制圆柱探头加压到60%形变量,测前速度3 mm/s,触发力为0.25 N,测试和测试后速度为1 mm/s,每个样品平行测定6次,取平均值。
称量发面饼胚煎制前的初始重量m1,将饼胚放入预热好的电饼铛中,两面分别煎制3 min,将煎熟的发面饼冷却至室温,称量煎制后的重量m2,根据下式计算饼胚煎制前后的损失率。
$ \text{煎制损失率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{1}-{\text{m}}_{2}}{{\text{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
参照卢露[10]所述的方法,并进行适当修改。将制备好的青稞发面饼胚放到−40 ℃速冻冰箱中冷冻2 h后取出放置到−18 ℃冰箱冷冻保存。将储藏24 h的冷冻样品取出放置30 ℃恒温箱中进行30 min解冻处理,使生胚中心温度达到5 ℃。新鲜样品记作0次冻融,第一批解冻完成后的样品记作1次冻融,继续将剩余的样品进行24 h的冷冻保存,再次取出继续冻融,依次进行第0、1、2、3次冻融循环。分别测定不同冻融次数饼胚的比容和质构。
使用低场核磁共振光谱仪LF-NMR分析青稞发面饼胚的水分迁移以及分布,参考聂宇嫦等[11]所述方法,并进行适当修改。取冻藏且不解冻的饼芯,切成2 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm小块用保鲜膜包裹并放置于核磁管中。当LF-NMR仪器温度为32 ℃时,采用自旋回波磁振脉冲序列(Carr-PurceIl-Meiboom-Gill,CPMG)采集样品的横向弛豫信号,随后利用反演软件得到反演谱。采用CPMG脉冲序列检测弛豫时间T2,采样宽带200 kHz,采样点数120024,增益1档位2,等待时间3000 ms,累加次数4次,回波时间0.2 ms,回波个数3000。采用纽迈核磁共振分析应用软件SOP进行水分分布的成像测定。
选择7名人员参与感官评价,对发面饼的色泽、外观、内部结构、弹性、粘性、口感和味道进行评分,总分为100分,感官评价标准见表1。
对每个测定指标进行3次测定,结果采用平均值±标准差表示,并使用Excel 2021和Graphpad Prism 9.5.1、Origin 2021软件对数据进行整理、分析和作图,方差和显著性分析用SPSS 22.0,显著性水平为P<0.05。
发酵持气力是发酵面团制作过程中至关重要的因素,它直接影响发酵面制品的体积、质地和最终品质。持气力指的是面团在发酵过程中对二氧化碳气体的保持能力,这一特性与面团的网络结构、气体生成速率及气体稳定性密切相关[12]。
从图1可以看出,随着多糖添加量的增加,发酵面团的持气力呈现先升后降的趋势,说明通过添加多糖能改善发酵面团的持气力,这是由于多糖可以与面筋蛋白发生相互作用,增强面筋网络的强度和稳定性[13],并影响面筋蛋白和淀粉颗粒的排列方式,达到改善面团持气能力的作用[14]。从图1(a)可以看出,当添加量达到0.6%时,面团持气力最大,相比对照组显著提升了20.97%(P<0.001),但是随着可溶性大豆多糖添加量的继续增加,发酵面团的持气力有所下降,这是由于可溶性大豆多糖能增加面团的黏度,但过量添加会导致黏度过高,不利于面团的膨胀和气体保留[15]。从图1(b)可以看出,随着海藻酸钠添加量的增加,发酵面团的持气力相比对照组有稍微的上升,但是并无显著差异。说明通过添加海藻酸钠不能改善发酵面团的持气力,这是由于海藻酸钠是一种阴离子多糖,主要由D-甘露糖醛酸和L-古洛糖醛酸组成,海藻酸钠在水溶液中形成凝胶,但其凝胶的结构相对较脆,对面团的支撑作用较差[13],不能增加面团的持气力。从图1(c)可以看出,当黄原胶添加量达到0.3%时,面团持气力显著高于其他添加水平(P<0.001),相比对照组提升了24.51%。相关研究表明黄原胶能增强面团的弹性,从而更好地增加气体持有力[16]。在冷冻面团中,添加黄原胶可以提高酵母的存活率,从而改善面团的发酵能力和持气性[17]。但是随着黄原胶添加量的继续增加,发酵面团的持气力有所下降,这是由于黄原胶可以增加面团的黏度[16],但过量添加会导致黏度过高,阻碍面团内部气体的均匀扩散与留存,使得面团在发酵过程中难以充分膨胀,最终导致其持气力下降[15]。综上所述,黄原胶对青稞发酵面团的持气力的改善效果最佳。
比容是衡量发酵面制品的核心指标,反映了面制品在发酵过程中保留和释放气体的能力[18]。本研究对比分析了可溶性大豆多糖、海藻酸钠及黄原胶的添加量对经过3次冻融处理的青稞发面饼比容所产生的影响。
由图2可知,可溶性大豆多糖和黄原胶对青稞发面饼比容具有显著的改善作用,而海藻酸钠则无显著改善作用;同时,随着冻融次数的增加,青稞发面饼的比容呈下降趋势。具体来看,从图2a、图2d、图2g、图2j中可以发现,青稞发面饼的比容随可溶性大豆多糖添加量的增加呈现先升后降的趋势,当添加量为0.6%时比容达到最大。当添加量为0.6%时,在经历3次冻融后,其比容较0次冻融时减小了17.30%,这是由于反复冻融过程中,冰晶的生长与重结晶会破坏面筋网络结构,降低酵母活性,导致CO2产气量显著减少,进而使比容降低[19]。此外,从图2j还能看出,经过3次冻融后,与添加量0%相比,0.6%可溶性大豆多糖的青稞发面饼比容提高了24.24%,这表明0.6%的可溶性大豆多糖对冻藏的青稞发面饼比容具有改良效果。由图2b、图2e、图2h、图2k可知,随着海藻酸钠添加量的增加,青稞发面饼的比容虽有所上升,但与对照组并无显著差异,且经历3次冻融后,海藻酸钠的添加对比容仍无显著改善作用。这是由于海藻酸钠与面团中其他成分的相互作用较弱,导致其改善面制品比容的效果相对有限[11]。另有研究发现,海藻酸钠对马铃薯馒头的比容几乎没有改善作用[20],本研究结果与之一致。对于黄原胶,从图2c、图2f、图2i、图2l中可以看出,0次和1次冻融后的青稞发面饼,其比容随黄原胶添加量的增加而上升;但随着冻融次数的进一步增加,比容则随黄原胶添加量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当添加量为0.5%时比容达到最大。由图2c和图2l可知,添加0.5%黄原胶时,青稞发面饼在0次和3次冻融后的比容无明显差异;3次冻融后,0.5%相比0%黄原胶添加量的比容增加了53%,提升比容的效果优于可溶性大豆多糖。这可能是由于黄原胶与面筋蛋白相互作用,增强了面筋网络的强度和稳定性,这种增强作用有助于面团更好地延展和膨胀[21];同时,黄原胶的添加还会减少青稞发面饼在冻藏过程中冰晶的生长,并降低重结晶作用对冷冻面团结构造成的损伤[22]。综上所述,这三种多糖中0.5%黄原胶对提升青稞发面饼三次冻融后的比容效果最佳。
本研究对比分析了添加不同种类多糖的青稞发面饼胚在经历3次冻融处理后其质构的变化情况。
由图3a~图3f可以看出,随着可溶性大豆多糖、海藻酸钠和黄原胶这三种多糖添加量的增加,硬度和胶黏性呈现先降后升的趋势。硬度与胶黏性的降低有利于后续贮藏,这是由于多糖具有优良的持水性,从而延缓老化,保持柔软的口感;同时,多糖包裹在淀粉颗粒周围,可抑制淀粉颗粒膨胀,从而限制糊化过程中的黏度增加[23]。但多糖的过量添加会导致青稞发面饼的硬度与胶黏性上升,这是由于多糖添加过量会破坏面筋网络连续性,导致淀粉颗粒过度聚集,使面包内部气孔致密、硬度增加,Tebben等[16]研究发现黄原胶添加过量会阻碍CO2气泡膨胀,导致面包体积减小且硬度增加,胶黏性上升。
内聚性是衡量面制品品质的重要指标,指发酵面制品在咀嚼时内部结构抵抗变形的能力,反映面团内部结合力的强弱。高内聚性面包在压缩后能保持结构完整性,但过度内聚会导致口感紧实、胶黏[24]。由图3g~图3i可以看出,这三种多糖的添加能使发面饼内聚性上升,这可能是因为多糖结构中的阴离子基团与面筋蛋白的氨基基团通过静电作用形成面筋蛋白-多糖复合物,改善了面筋蛋白结构[25],其自身负电荷间的斥力会让分子链舒展分散,易于与蛋白质粒子吸附及淀粉分子链缠绕,促进分子网络结构的空间连续性[26],使青稞发面饼组织更为细密,有助于提升其加工性能。但添加过量时,多糖通过亲水基团吸附大量自由水,与面筋蛋白竞争水分,导致面筋网络连续性被破坏,青稞发面饼的内聚性会随之下降[27]。
由图3j~图3r可以看出,随着多糖添加量的增加,青稞发面饼的咀嚼性呈先降后升趋势,弹性和回复性则呈先增后减趋势。这是由于适量的多糖可通过氢键、疏水相互作用与面筋蛋白结合,促进面筋网络的形成与稳定[28];多糖的亲水性可提高面团持水性,增加面筋网络的延展性,使面制品结构更疏松,从而提升弹性和回复性,此时面团质地较柔软,咀嚼时所需能量减少,故咀嚼性下降[29]。然而过量多糖可能通过自身凝胶性或与水分结合形成较硬的胶体结构,使面制品质地变紧实,咀嚼时需消耗更多能量,故咀嚼性上升,同时过量多糖会稀释面筋蛋白浓度,阻碍面筋网络的连续形成,使面筋结构被破坏,无法有效维持弹性和回复性,导致弹性和回复性下降[30]。
冻融过程中,冰晶生长会对发面饼内部结构造成机械损伤[23],进而导致其品质下降。由图3可见,与对照组相比,在三次冻融循环中,添加0.6%可溶性大豆多糖、0.6%海藻酸钠及0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼均表现出更低的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性,以及更高的弹性;其中添加0.6%海藻酸钠和0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼在第1次和第2次的冻融过程中表现出较高的回复性。上述结果表明,这三种多糖能有效抑制冻融引起的质构品质劣变。这是由于多糖的加入可减轻冰晶对蛋白结构的破坏,从而降低面筋蛋白网络的弱化程度,提升面筋蛋白的冻藏稳定性。研究证实黄原胶可通过静电相互作用与面筋形成复合物,减少冰晶对面筋蛋白网络骨架的机械损伤;还能通过氢键捕获自由水,降低可冻结水含量,进而抑制冰晶的生长与重结晶;在保护面筋网络的同时,还可包裹淀粉颗粒,减少冻融导致的淀粉损伤,延缓面制品老化,提升面制品的冻融稳定性[22]。
面饼煎制损失率是指面饼在煎制过程中,因水分蒸发、油脂吸收、成分流失等因素导致的重量损失占原始重量的百分比,直接影响到发面饼的口感、质地和风味[31]。
图4展示了3次冻融循环中,可溶性大豆多糖、海藻酸钠及黄原胶对青稞发面饼煎制损失率的影响,随多糖添加量增加煎制损失率呈现先降后升的趋势。经3次冻融后,添加0.6%可溶性大豆多糖的青稞发面饼煎制损失率较对照组降低18.21%(图4a);海藻酸钠在0次冻融时其添加对煎制损失率无显著影响,但随着冻融次数增加,添加组的煎制损失率逐渐低于对照组,经3次冻融后,添加0.6%海藻酸钠煎制损失率较对照组降低19.95%(图4b)。0.5%黄原胶则表现出更显著的改善作用,较对照组显著降低27.23%(图4c)。煎制过程中,面饼的损失主要源于水分流失,而多糖对煎制损失率的改善作用与其持水特性密切相关。研究表明,多糖凭借良好的持水能力可与水分子结合,从而减缓煎制时的水分蒸发速率[32];但当多糖添加量超过适宜范围时,过量的多糖会束缚更多水分[33],反而导致煎炸过程中水分更易流失,使得煎制损失率回升。说明这三种多糖对经历多次冻融的青稞发面饼均具有较好的品质保护作用,能有效减少煎制过程中的水分损失。
前期研究表明,0.6%可溶性大豆多糖与0.5%黄原胶对青稞发面饼的比容有良好改良效果;海藻酸钠虽无显著改善作用,但0.6%添加量可使比容略有提升。为探究这三种多糖在青稞饼冻藏期间对比容的影响,选取其最优添加量,分析0 d和30 d时的作用效果。
由图5可知,0 d时,海藻酸钠组与对照组无显著差异;可溶性大豆多糖组和黄原胶组则与对照组差异显著,比容分别提升16.8%和28.8%。冻藏30 d后,可溶性大豆多糖组比容较对照组提升6.98%,黄原胶组提升30.67%,仅黄原胶组与对照组存在显著差异(P<0.001)。这表明0.5%黄原胶对冷冻青稞发酵面团的比容具有较好的改良效果。
从图6可以看出,在针对青稞发面饼的改良实验中,对添加了三种多糖(黄原胶、可溶性大豆多糖、海藻酸钠)的样品及对照组,分别在0、7、30 d进行了感官评价。结果显示,添加0.5%黄原胶的样品在这三个时间点的感官评价得分均为最高;其次是0.6%可溶性大豆多糖,其得分低于黄原胶组但高于海藻酸钠;而添加海藻酸钠的组分,其感官评价得分与对照组相比并无显著差异。综合不同时间点的评价结果可以看出,这三种多糖中,0.5%黄原胶对青稞发面饼的改良效果最为突出,不仅能在初始阶段保持良好的感官品质,在放置7 d和30 d后仍能维持较高的评价水平,因此也最受评价员喜爱。这是由于海藻酸钠是一种阴离子多糖虽可形成凝胶,但其凝胶质地偏脆,对面团的支撑能力较弱[34]。可溶性大豆多糖是一种从大豆中提取的非淀粉多糖[35],虽具备一定的乳化与保水功能,但增稠及构建稳定网络结构的能力有限,难以有效支撑面团的充分膨胀[36−37]。黄原胶虽然也是一种阴离子多糖,但主链由葡萄糖单元组成,侧链则含有甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸和丙酮酸,其独特的分子结构使其具有良好的水溶性和假塑性,这不仅改善了面团的延展性与加工性[38],还通过与淀粉、蛋白质等组分的协同作用,强化面团网络结构,从而有效提升面制品的比容[39]。因此,在三种多糖中,黄原胶对青稞发面饼的综合改良效果最为显著。
低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR)可实现对水分分布及迁移规律的快速、无损分析。T2值与氢质子所处的化学环境密切相关,可反映水的存在状态。在T2反演图谱中,数值从左至右逐渐升高,对应水分子自由度及流动性的增强,据此可对样品冻藏过程中的水分变化进行监测;同时,氢质子核磁成像技术还能直观呈现水分的空间分布特征。此外,T2弛豫图谱的多组分特征可对应不同的水分状态:T21对应结合水,其与亲水性胶体通过化学键结合,不易流失;T22为不易流动水,自由度介于结合水与自由水之间,易发生状态转化;T23代表自由水,以游离态存在,不与固体或溶剂发生相互作用[40−41]。本研究测定了发面饼在冻藏1、7、14、21及28 d时的水分分布与迁移情况。
从表2可以看出,未添加黄原胶的青稞和小麦发面饼的T22和T23峰的弛豫时间随着冷冻储藏时间的延长出现了右移,说明面饼中的水分从“束缚态”向“游离态”转化,会导致冻藏食品的品质劣变。添加了0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼T21和T22峰的弛豫时间随着冷冻储藏时间的延长无显著变化,T23出现了轻微左移,说明添加黄原胶的青稞发面饼中水分流动性更弱,具有更好的持水性。添加0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼的T21峰面积比例显著高于未添加黄原胶的青稞和小麦发面饼的比例,相关研究表明,结合水通过氢键与面筋蛋白、淀粉等紧密结合能形成稳定的水化层,结合水占比高时,自由水含量减少,面制品冷冻过程中形成的冰晶更小且分布均匀,熟化后口感更细腻,不易出现“硬芯”现象[42−43]。周锦枫等[44]研究发现,面包在冻藏60 d后,添加0.5%乙酰化单双甘油酯的面包结合水比例显著提升,并且复热后硬度降低,本研究结果与之一致。添加0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼T21和T22峰面积没有显著变化,T23峰面积虽然随着冻藏时间的延长有所增加,但是变化相对较小,说明黄原胶能增加青稞发面饼在冷冻储存期间的稳定性。
经过伪彩处理后的质子密度图像能够清晰、直观地看到发面饼内部水分分布及迁移变化的规律。如图7所示,随着冻藏时间的延长,发面饼红色区域的大小由内部区域向四周开始扩散,说明预熟化的发面饼胚随着冻藏时间的改变而呈现出不同程度的水分迁移与流失。在冻藏28 d后,添加了0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼相对未添加黄原胶的青稞发面饼和小麦发面饼的中心区域红色更深更集中,说明0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼内部水分迁移程度小于其他发面饼胚,具有更好的水分保持性。
本研究对比分析可溶性大豆多糖、海藻酸钠与黄原胶对青稞发面饼品质的影响。结果表明,可溶性大豆多糖和黄原胶可增加面团持气力并提升发面饼比容,而海藻酸钠对此无显著作用。经3次冻融循环后,0.5%黄原胶组比容较对照组显著提升53%,煎制损失率较对照组显著降低了27.23%,其改善效果优于可溶性大豆多糖和海藻酸钠;同时,添加这三种多糖的青稞发面饼均表现出更低的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性,以及更高的回复性和弹性,表明上述多糖能有效抑制冻融导致的质构品质劣变。冻藏期间品质研究发现,添加0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼在冻藏30 d后,比容显著高于0.6%可溶性大豆多糖和0.6%海藻酸钠,较对照组提升30.67%;低场核磁共振分析表明,添加0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼在冻藏期间T21和T22峰弛豫时间无显著变化,T23峰轻微左移,且T21峰面积比例显著高于未添加黄原胶的青稞及小麦发面饼组,表明其可降低水分流动性并增强持水性。此外,添加0.5%黄原胶的青稞发面饼在冻藏30 d后仍保持较高的感官评分。综上所述,0.5%黄原胶在改善青稞发面饼的比容、质构稳定性、感官品质及持水性方面综合表现最优,可作为提升青稞发面饼冻藏品质的优选改良剂。

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2026年第47卷第18期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070184
  • 接收时间:2025-07-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17
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    西藏自治区农牧科学院农产品开发与食品科学研究所,西藏拉萨 850000

通讯作者:

张玉红(1975−),女,硕士,研究员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:。
刘小娇(1984−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:青稞综合加工利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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