Article(id=1320880728389304844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880625310085394, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070176, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752422400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852106424, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1788192000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852106424, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852106424, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852106424, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880625310085394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='17', pageStart='1', pageEnd='596', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788192000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852081848, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852081848, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=355, endPage=367, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880730020889101, articleId=1320880728389304844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentations on the Physicochemical Properties and Flavor of the Mixed Juice of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. and Apple, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the problem of the sour and astringent taste of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. juice, in this study, we mixed fresh R. roxburghii juice with fresh apple juice, and then used Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus fermentum, respectively, as starters for fermentation. Following fermentation, the physicochemical indices, in vitro antioxidant indices, organic acid contents, and volatile components of the fermented juices in each experimental group were determined, with the unfermented mixed juice being used as the control. The results of physicochemical analyses revealed that the total acid and tannic acid contents in the R. roxburghii–apple mixed juice fermented using L. paracasei were 3.61 g/L and 0.059 mg/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than the respective values obtained for other experimental groups and the control group (P<0.05). For the L. paracasei fermentation, the contents of vitamin C and carotenoids were 2.75 mg/100 mL and 572.28 μg/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those recorded for the other experimental groups (P<0.05). In addition, the results of in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that fermentation with all three lactic acid bacterial strains promoted an enhancement of the antioxidant capacity of the mixed juice, among which, all assessed antioxidant indices of the L. paracasei-fermented juice were superior to the corresponding values obtained for the control group and other experimental groups. Moreover, the results of organic acid analyses indicated that among all groups, the L. paracasei group had the lowest malic acid content and highest lactic acid content, making it most conducive to improving the composition of organic acids in the mixed juice. The results of volatile component analyses indicated that fermentation with L. paracasei was most beneficial for retaining the key flavors of R. roxburghii and apple. In conclusion, among the assessed bacterial strains, using L. paracasei as a starter was found to be more beneficial for ameliorating the sour and astringent taste of the R. roxburghii–apple mixed juice, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the juice, and retaining the key aroma substances.

, authors=Yuchang NING1, Xiangke YANG1, Hongwei GUO1, Hui MA1, Junjun SHA1, Guangwei ZHAO2, Man ZHANG3, Zhewei ZHANG3, Hongxing QIAO3, *, authorsList=Yuchang NING, Xiangke YANG, Hongwei GUO, Hui MA, Junjun SHA, Guangwei ZHAO, Man ZHANG, Zhewei ZHANG, Hongxing QIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongxing QIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880731824439838, articleId=1320880728389304844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同乳酸菌发酵对刺梨、苹果混合果汁理化特性和风味的影响, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为解决刺梨果汁口感酸涩的问题,本文将新鲜的刺梨和苹果果汁混合后,分别采用植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌作为发酵剂进行发酵。发酵结束后,分别测定各试验组的理化指标、体外抗氧化指标,以及有机酸和挥发性组分,并以未发酵的混合果汁作为对照。理化指标结果表明,经副干酪乳杆菌发酵后的刺梨、苹果混合果汁中总酸、单宁酸的含量为3.61 g/L和0.059 mg/mL,显著低于其他试验组和对照组(P<0.05),副干酪乳杆菌组的维生素C和类胡萝卜素的含量分别为2.75 mg/100 mL和572.28 μg/mL,显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);体外抗氧化结果表明,3种乳酸菌发酵均能增强混合果汁的抗氧化性能,其中副干酪乳杆菌组的各项抗氧化指标均优于对照组和其他试验组;有机酸检测结果显示,所有组别中副干酪乳杆菌组的苹果酸含量最低而乳酸含量最高,最有利于改善混合果汁中有机酸的组成;挥发性组分检测结果表明,利用副干酪乳杆菌发酵最有利于保留刺梨和苹果的关键风味。综上,以副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵剂,更有利于改善刺梨、苹果混合果汁酸涩的口感,增强果汁的抗氧化性能和保留混合果汁的关键香气物质。

, authors=宁豫昌1, 杨向科1, 郭宏伟1, 马辉1, 沙军军1, 赵广伟2, 张曼3, 张哲玮3, 乔宏兴3, *, authorsList=宁豫昌, 杨向科, 郭宏伟, 马辉, 沙军军, 赵广伟, 张曼, 张哲玮, 乔宏兴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=乔宏兴, authorNote=

宁豫昌(1979−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
乔宏兴(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:发酵工程,E-mail:。
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Food and Fermentation Industries, 2021, 47(4): 237−246.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880895498769213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Tingting, HUANG Mingzheng, TANG Weiyuan, et al. Determination of volatile components in Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice and the analysis of its contribution for aroma[J]. 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Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 52(11): 77−84.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320880895624598335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG Xiaoyu, NIU Xinyu, LUAN Beichen, et al. Study on volatile substances components in different apple cultivars(lines)[J]. 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注:不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=L0n+4IGBVgAFCNyisx3gOg==, figureFileBig=rSADPKVzbMBXeS4vrrhVyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879258424005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Total acid of R. roxburghii and apple mixed juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=YhohExZMyo25kPdmdm/oFA==, figureFileBig=HU2X9i5a+HtJwfWpmpuzbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879350698694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的总酸, figureFileSmall=YhohExZMyo25kPdmdm/oFA==, figureFileBig=HU2X9i5a+HtJwfWpmpuzbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879417807559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Lactic acid bacteria content of R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=lyKwIFzD1yu0/frWs1gujw==, figureFileBig=qbsxEswWGiTr9NtRztlkZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879484916424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的乳酸菌含量, figureFileSmall=lyKwIFzD1yu0/frWs1gujw==, figureFileBig=qbsxEswWGiTr9NtRztlkZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879547830985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Total phenolic content of R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=4mrtvRHkkl46/6SnXeozjQ==, figureFileBig=NQbb+iDKxqDLWoOU7DUgYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879623328458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的总酚含量, figureFileSmall=4mrtvRHkkl46/6SnXeozjQ==, figureFileBig=NQbb+iDKxqDLWoOU7DUgYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879707214539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Vitamin C content of R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=4cTl1grV27BE/egrk8BMPA==, figureFileBig=GrZGav5f8B6TLnsFK9nliQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879778517708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的维生素C含量, figureFileSmall=4cTl1grV27BE/egrk8BMPA==, figureFileBig=GrZGav5f8B6TLnsFK9nliQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879845626573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Carotenoids content of R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=It/AipBqHrYAY++4pu4vDQ==, figureFileBig=SXXniqYo6Jz5qglPu3XsZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880879921124046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的类胡萝卜素含量, figureFileSmall=It/AipBqHrYAY++4pu4vDQ==, figureFileBig=SXXniqYo6Jz5qglPu3XsZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880880005010127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Tannin content of R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=OnkvJD1m3HoA9yDrR3ByLw==, figureFileBig=n8xi5986wOnKAWblBGf3+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880880063730384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的单宁酸含量, figureFileSmall=OnkvJD1m3HoA9yDrR3ByLw==, figureFileBig=n8xi5986wOnKAWblBGf3+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880880143422161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes in the relative proportions of volatile components in mixed R. roxburghii Tratt-apple juice fermented with different lactic acid bacteria, figureFileSmall=nNoBgS+9gOP4bu7gbMvL6A==, figureFileBig=reHfdWs8uVe/0gNFb3q0wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880881821143762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的挥发性组分相对含量占比变化, figureFileSmall=nNoBgS+9gOP4bu7gbMvL6A==, figureFileBig=reHfdWs8uVe/0gNFb3q0wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880881896641235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution progra

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时间
(min)
流速
(mL/min)
流动相A(%)
(0.1%磷酸水溶液)
流动相B(%)
(甲醇)
00.597.52.5
130.597.52.5
13.10.50100
180.50100
18.10.597.52.5
250.597.52.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880881963750100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间
(min)
流速
(mL/min)
流动相A(%)
(0.1%磷酸水溶液)
流动相B(%)
(甲醇)
00.597.52.5
130.597.52.5
13.10.50100
180.50100
18.10.597.52.5
250.597.52.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882047636181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

In vitro antioxidant indexes of R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体外抗氧化指标植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
DPPH自由基清除率(%)94.80±0.45b95.63±0.08a95.37±0.09a93.84±0.08c
羟自由基清除率(%)71.13±1.88b87.61±1.95a86.30±1.47a70.99±1.30b
超氧阴离子自由基清除率(%)53.55±1.17d86.90±1.57a76.85±2.03b61.92±1.02c
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882131522262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的体外抗氧化指标测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
体外抗氧化指标植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
DPPH自由基清除率(%)94.80±0.45b95.63±0.08a95.37±0.09a93.84±0.08c
羟自由基清除率(%)71.13±1.88b87.61±1.95a86.30±1.47a70.99±1.30b
超氧阴离子自由基清除率(%)53.55±1.17d86.90±1.57a76.85±2.03b61.92±1.02c
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882232185559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Determination of nine organic acids in R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria (μg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有机酸种类植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
草酸−−−−
酒石酸160.83±3.21b160.96±4.64b163.62±2.43b172.28±5.76a
苹果酸1909.94±8.76a1344.68±10.12c1639.03±7.75b2064.70±11.25a
乳酸149.41±2.33c740.45±6.89a403.74±3.42b−
乙酸43.02±0.78−−−
柠檬酸−−−−
琥珀酸4536.24±13.44b4438.19±9.88c4554.55±12.46b4816.55±16.53a
马来酸−0.29±0.00a−0.23±0.00a
富马酸−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882311877336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的9种有机酸的测定结果(μg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有机酸种类植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
草酸−−−−
酒石酸160.83±3.21b160.96±4.64b163.62±2.43b172.28±5.76a
苹果酸1909.94±8.76a1344.68±10.12c1639.03±7.75b2064.70±11.25a
乳酸149.41±2.33c740.45±6.89a403.74±3.42b−
乙酸43.02±0.78−−−
柠檬酸−−−−
琥珀酸4536.24±13.44b4438.19±9.88c4554.55±12.46b4816.55±16.53a
马来酸−0.29±0.00a−0.23±0.00a
富马酸−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882378986201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Determination of volatile components in Rosa roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别序号物质名称相对含量(%)
植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
醛类化合物Q1己醛2.77±0.0910.41±0.343.58±0.0713.54±1.82
Q22-己烯醛2.00±0.2322.99±2.532.68±0.3118.23±2.56
Q3苯乙醛0.31±0.040.29±0.060.23±0.060.15±0.02
Q4壬醛0.42±0.042.44±0.071.44±0.062.58±0.12
Q5苯甲醛−5.87±0.876.38±1.123.09±0.64
Q63,5-二甲基苯甲醛−0.92±0.120.4±0.090.97±0.21
Q75-二甲基苯甲醛1.1±0.06−−−
Q82-甲基戊醛−0.04±0.01−−
Q9(E)-2-庚烯醛−0.08±0.01−−
Q102-甲基丁醛−−−0.96±0.18
Q11薄荷醇−−−0.51±0.19
Q12癸醛−−−0.12±0.13
Q13β-环柠檬醛−−−0.3±0.04
小计6.643.0414.7140.45
酯类化合物Z1硅烷二醇二甲酯2.29±0.210.61±0.092.82±0.841.95±0.11
Z2邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯0.26±0.050.21±0.080.24±0.070.21±0.07
Z32,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯0.4±0.03−0.13±0.040.39±0.08
Z4乙酸丁酯1.9±0.113.32±0.78−8.18±1.24
Z5乙酸乙酯−0.18±0.08−0.14±0.05
Z62-甲基丁酸乙酯−0.55±0.87−1.74±0.14
Z7甲酸叶醇酯5.39±1.23−6.11±1.35−
Z8邻苯二甲酸丁基酯0.26±0.060.09±0.02−−
Z9乙酸正丙酯0.8±0.02−−−
Z10水杨酸甲酯0.22±0.01−−−
Z112-十三烷基丁酸酯0.07±0.00−−−
Z121,4,4-三甲基环-2-一乙酸烯醇内酯0.24±0.06−−−
Z13异丁酸异丁酯−0.05±0.00−−
Z14亚砷酸三(三甲基硅烷基)酯−−1.24±0.31−
Z15邻苯二甲酸二丁酯−−0.1±0.00−
Z162-甲基丁基乙酸酯−−−9.67±2.11
Z17丁酸丙酯−−−0.5±0.07
Z18丙酸丁酯−−−0.38±0.14
Z19乙酸戊酯−−−0.43±0.21
Z202-甲基丁酸丙酯−−−0.43±0.08
Z21乙酸叶醇酯−−−0.34±0.08
Z22乙酸己酯−−−1.69±0.41
Z232-甲基丁酸丁酯−−−0.11±0.03
Z24异丁酸辛酯−−−0.07±0.01
Z25邻苯二甲酸-1-丁酯-2-异丁酯−−−0.1±0.00
小计11.835.0110.6426.33
醇类化合物C1正己醇30.95±6.3414.14±4.2224.16±8.959.80±1.65
C22-乙基己醇0.17±0.050.28±0.040.19±0.030.29±0.03
C3芳樟醇0.67±0.050.79±0.070.60±0.090.88±0.14
C4S-(-)-2-甲基-1-丁醇4.4±0.571.79±0.224.12±0.66−
C51-壬醇0.2±0.020.14±0.050.12±0.02−
C6Alpha-紫罗兰醇0.78±0.14−0.81±0.250.51±0.11
C7雪松醇0.12±0.04−0.09±0.020.13±0.05
C81-奈醇0.31±0.070.15±0.02−0.11±0.00
C9丁醇−0.81±0.18−1.3±0.09
C101-丁醇3.37±1.03−2.88±0.88−
C11反式-2-己烯-1-醇5.94±1.24−5.48±1.17−
C124-甲基-1-庚醇0.43±0.15−0.38±0.08−
C13顺-α,α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化呋-2-甲醇0.07±0.01−−0.06±0.00
C14顺式-2-壬烯-3-醇0.09±0.02−−−
C152-甲基乙酸1-丁醇−0.56±0.14−−
C16(E)-氧化芳樟醇−0.2±0.03−−
C17顺式-alpha,alpha,5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢呋喃-2-甲醇−0.12±0.08−−
C183-甲基-2-己醇−−0.15±0.04−
C192-奈醇−−0.56±0.06−
C20正辛醇−−−0.17±0.03
C212-丙基-1-庚醇−−−0.09±0.02
C22香叶基丙醇−−−0.13±0.04
小计47.518.9839.5413.47
酮类化合物T1苯乙酮0.95±0.060.98±0.040.82±0.070.62±0.05
T2大马酮−0.55±0.21−0.17±0.08
T3β-紫罗兰酮−0.1±0.00−0.12±0.01
T4大马士酮0.29±0.05−−−
T52-庚酮−−−0.38±0.02
T66-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮−−−0.52±0.21
T7α-紫罗兰酮−−−0.06±0.01
小计1.241.630.821.87
酚类化合物F13,5-二叔丁基苯酚0.76±0.040.51±0.310.70±0.070.46±0.22
F22-叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚−0.22±0.030.2±0.02−
F3丁香酚0.11±0.01−−−
小计0.870.730.90.46
酸类化合物S1己酸10.16±1.3214.59±2.4310.82±2.226.74±0.84
S2辛酸11.00±1.233.03±0.6410.15±0.875.58±1.22
S3壬酸4.85±0.324.62±0.688.04±1.243.06±0.68
S4反式-3-己烯酸0.51±0.140.04±0.240.57±0.32−
S5正癸酸2.44±0.57−0.91±0.240.49±0.11
S6异辛酸0.18±0.050.24±0.05−0.05±0.00
S7庚酸−0.34±0.040.27±0.03−
S8醋酸0.25±0.02−0.16±0.01−
S9(2Z)-2-辛烯酸0.44±0.081.1±0.34−−
S103-辛烯酸−−0.77±0.210.34±0.06
S11十三烷酸−0.2±0.00−−
S12甲酸−−0.13±0.02−
S13十一烷酸−6.19±2.13−−
小计29.8330.3531.8216.26
烃类化合物T1葑烯−0.13±0.04−0.1±0.00
T2(3E)-3-十一碳烯0.56±0.14−−−
T3苯并环丁烯−0.46±0.08−−
T4柠檬烯−0.2±0.02−−
T53-三氟乙酰氧戊烷−0.09±0.01−−
T6毕澄茄烯−0.07±0.01−−
T71-癸烯−−0.14±0.02−
T8异丁基环己烷−−−0.07±0.00
T9茶螺旋烷−−−0.33±0.05
T106-(2-丁烯基)-1,5,5-三甲基-环己烯−−−0.06±0.01
T11α-蒎烯−−−0.04±0.00
小计0.560.950.140.6
其他化合物E12,3-二氢苯并呋喃2.33±0.54−2.17±0.78−
E2柠檬腈−−0.17±0.05−
小计2.33−2.24−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882462872282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的挥发性组分测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别序号物质名称相对含量(%)
植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
醛类化合物Q1己醛2.77±0.0910.41±0.343.58±0.0713.54±1.82
Q22-己烯醛2.00±0.2322.99±2.532.68±0.3118.23±2.56
Q3苯乙醛0.31±0.040.29±0.060.23±0.060.15±0.02
Q4壬醛0.42±0.042.44±0.071.44±0.062.58±0.12
Q5苯甲醛−5.87±0.876.38±1.123.09±0.64
Q63,5-二甲基苯甲醛−0.92±0.120.4±0.090.97±0.21
Q75-二甲基苯甲醛1.1±0.06−−−
Q82-甲基戊醛−0.04±0.01−−
Q9(E)-2-庚烯醛−0.08±0.01−−
Q102-甲基丁醛−−−0.96±0.18
Q11薄荷醇−−−0.51±0.19
Q12癸醛−−−0.12±0.13
Q13β-环柠檬醛−−−0.3±0.04
小计6.643.0414.7140.45
酯类化合物Z1硅烷二醇二甲酯2.29±0.210.61±0.092.82±0.841.95±0.11
Z2邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯0.26±0.050.21±0.080.24±0.070.21±0.07
Z32,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二异丁酸酯0.4±0.03−0.13±0.040.39±0.08
Z4乙酸丁酯1.9±0.113.32±0.78−8.18±1.24
Z5乙酸乙酯−0.18±0.08−0.14±0.05
Z62-甲基丁酸乙酯−0.55±0.87−1.74±0.14
Z7甲酸叶醇酯5.39±1.23−6.11±1.35−
Z8邻苯二甲酸丁基酯0.26±0.060.09±0.02−−
Z9乙酸正丙酯0.8±0.02−−−
Z10水杨酸甲酯0.22±0.01−−−
Z112-十三烷基丁酸酯0.07±0.00−−−
Z121,4,4-三甲基环-2-一乙酸烯醇内酯0.24±0.06−−−
Z13异丁酸异丁酯−0.05±0.00−−
Z14亚砷酸三(三甲基硅烷基)酯−−1.24±0.31−
Z15邻苯二甲酸二丁酯−−0.1±0.00−
Z162-甲基丁基乙酸酯−−−9.67±2.11
Z17丁酸丙酯−−−0.5±0.07
Z18丙酸丁酯−−−0.38±0.14
Z19乙酸戊酯−−−0.43±0.21
Z202-甲基丁酸丙酯−−−0.43±0.08
Z21乙酸叶醇酯−−−0.34±0.08
Z22乙酸己酯−−−1.69±0.41
Z232-甲基丁酸丁酯−−−0.11±0.03
Z24异丁酸辛酯−−−0.07±0.01
Z25邻苯二甲酸-1-丁酯-2-异丁酯−−−0.1±0.00
小计11.835.0110.6426.33
醇类化合物C1正己醇30.95±6.3414.14±4.2224.16±8.959.80±1.65
C22-乙基己醇0.17±0.050.28±0.040.19±0.030.29±0.03
C3芳樟醇0.67±0.050.79±0.070.60±0.090.88±0.14
C4S-(-)-2-甲基-1-丁醇4.4±0.571.79±0.224.12±0.66−
C51-壬醇0.2±0.020.14±0.050.12±0.02−
C6Alpha-紫罗兰醇0.78±0.14−0.81±0.250.51±0.11
C7雪松醇0.12±0.04−0.09±0.020.13±0.05
C81-奈醇0.31±0.070.15±0.02−0.11±0.00
C9丁醇−0.81±0.18−1.3±0.09
C101-丁醇3.37±1.03−2.88±0.88−
C11反式-2-己烯-1-醇5.94±1.24−5.48±1.17−
C124-甲基-1-庚醇0.43±0.15−0.38±0.08−
C13顺-α,α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化呋-2-甲醇0.07±0.01−−0.06±0.00
C14顺式-2-壬烯-3-醇0.09±0.02−−−
C152-甲基乙酸1-丁醇−0.56±0.14−−
C16(E)-氧化芳樟醇−0.2±0.03−−
C17顺式-alpha,alpha,5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢呋喃-2-甲醇−0.12±0.08−−
C183-甲基-2-己醇−−0.15±0.04−
C192-奈醇−−0.56±0.06−
C20正辛醇−−−0.17±0.03
C212-丙基-1-庚醇−−−0.09±0.02
C22香叶基丙醇−−−0.13±0.04
小计47.518.9839.5413.47
酮类化合物T1苯乙酮0.95±0.060.98±0.040.82±0.070.62±0.05
T2大马酮−0.55±0.21−0.17±0.08
T3β-紫罗兰酮−0.1±0.00−0.12±0.01
T4大马士酮0.29±0.05−−−
T52-庚酮−−−0.38±0.02
T66-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮−−−0.52±0.21
T7α-紫罗兰酮−−−0.06±0.01
小计1.241.630.821.87
酚类化合物F13,5-二叔丁基苯酚0.76±0.040.51±0.310.70±0.070.46±0.22
F22-叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚−0.22±0.030.2±0.02−
F3丁香酚0.11±0.01−−−
小计0.870.730.90.46
酸类化合物S1己酸10.16±1.3214.59±2.4310.82±2.226.74±0.84
S2辛酸11.00±1.233.03±0.6410.15±0.875.58±1.22
S3壬酸4.85±0.324.62±0.688.04±1.243.06±0.68
S4反式-3-己烯酸0.51±0.140.04±0.240.57±0.32−
S5正癸酸2.44±0.57−0.91±0.240.49±0.11
S6异辛酸0.18±0.050.24±0.05−0.05±0.00
S7庚酸−0.34±0.040.27±0.03−
S8醋酸0.25±0.02−0.16±0.01−
S9(2Z)-2-辛烯酸0.44±0.081.1±0.34−−
S103-辛烯酸−−0.77±0.210.34±0.06
S11十三烷酸−0.2±0.00−−
S12甲酸−−0.13±0.02−
S13十一烷酸−6.19±2.13−−
小计29.8330.3531.8216.26
烃类化合物T1葑烯−0.13±0.04−0.1±0.00
T2(3E)-3-十一碳烯0.56±0.14−−−
T3苯并环丁烯−0.46±0.08−−
T4柠檬烯−0.2±0.02−−
T53-三氟乙酰氧戊烷−0.09±0.01−−
T6毕澄茄烯−0.07±0.01−−
T71-癸烯−−0.14±0.02−
T8异丁基环己烷−−−0.07±0.00
T9茶螺旋烷−−−0.33±0.05
T106-(2-丁烯基)-1,5,5-三甲基-环己烯−−−0.06±0.01
T11α-蒎烯−−−0.04±0.00
小计0.560.950.140.6
其他化合物E12,3-二氢苯并呋喃2.33±0.54−2.17±0.78−
E2柠檬腈−−0.17±0.05−
小计2.33−2.24−
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882550952667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Volatile compounds with ROAV≥1 in R. roxburghii Tratt and apple juice fermented by different lactic acid bacteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物香气描述阈值
(mg/kg)
ROAV
植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
己醛青草香0.00510.082.516.698.0
2-己烯醛青草香、果香0.031.230.32.122.0
苯乙醛水果甜香0.00630.91.80.80.9
壬醛花香0.0017.696.633.493.4
乙酸丁酯甜香蕉、蜜饯0.0580.62.30.05.1
2-甲基丁酸乙酯果香0.000630.034.60.0100.0
2-甲基丁基乙酸酯甜香、香蕉0.0050.00.00.070.0
2-甲基丁酸丙酯果香、甜香0.00020.00.00.077.8
正己醇香蕉香0.0056100.0100.0100.063.4
芳樟醇浓郁带甜的木青香0.0062.05.22.35.3
β-紫罗兰酮花卉、紫罗兰香0.00350.01.10.01.2
己酸奶酪、柚子0.03565.216.27.06.9
), ArticleFig(id=1320880882622255836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880728389304844, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁中ROAV≥1的挥发性化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物香气描述阈值
(mg/kg)
ROAV
植物乳杆菌副干酪乳杆菌发酵乳杆菌对照组
己醛青草香0.00510.082.516.698.0
2-己烯醛青草香、果香0.031.230.32.122.0
苯乙醛水果甜香0.00630.91.80.80.9
壬醛花香0.0017.696.633.493.4
乙酸丁酯甜香蕉、蜜饯0.0580.62.30.05.1
2-甲基丁酸乙酯果香0.000630.034.60.0100.0
2-甲基丁基乙酸酯甜香、香蕉0.0050.00.00.070.0
2-甲基丁酸丙酯果香、甜香0.00020.00.00.077.8
正己醇香蕉香0.0056100.0100.0100.063.4
芳樟醇浓郁带甜的木青香0.0062.05.22.35.3
β-紫罗兰酮花卉、紫罗兰香0.00350.01.10.01.2
己酸奶酪、柚子0.03565.216.27.06.9
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不同乳酸菌发酵对刺梨、苹果混合果汁理化特性和风味的影响
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宁豫昌 1 , 杨向科 1 , 郭宏伟 1 , 马辉 1 , 沙军军 1 , 赵广伟 2 , 张曼 3 , 张哲玮 3 , 乔宏兴 3, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(17): 355-367
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (17) : 355 -367
不同乳酸菌发酵对刺梨、苹果混合果汁理化特性和风味的影响
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宁豫昌1 , 杨向科1, 郭宏伟1, 马辉1, 沙军军1, 赵广伟2, 张曼3, 张哲玮3, 乔宏兴3, *
作者信息
  • 1河南牧业经济学院生命科学学院,河南郑州 450046
  • 2河南牧业经济学院动物科技学院,河南郑州 450046
  • 3河南牧业经济学院动物医药学院,河南郑州 450046
通讯作者:
乔宏兴(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:发酵工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

宁豫昌(1979−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

Effects of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentations on the Physicochemical Properties and Flavor of the Mixed Juice of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. and Apple
Yuchang NING1 , Xiangke YANG1, Hongwei GUO1, Hui MA1, Junjun SHA1, Guangwei ZHAO2, Man ZHANG3, Zhewei ZHANG3, Hongxing QIAO3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Sciences, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
出版时间: 2026-09-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070176
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为解决刺梨果汁口感酸涩的问题,本文将新鲜的刺梨和苹果果汁混合后,分别采用植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌作为发酵剂进行发酵。发酵结束后,分别测定各试验组的理化指标、体外抗氧化指标,以及有机酸和挥发性组分,并以未发酵的混合果汁作为对照。理化指标结果表明,经副干酪乳杆菌发酵后的刺梨、苹果混合果汁中总酸、单宁酸的含量为3.61 g/L和0.059 mg/mL,显著低于其他试验组和对照组(P<0.05),副干酪乳杆菌组的维生素C和类胡萝卜素的含量分别为2.75 mg/100 mL和572.28 μg/mL,显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);体外抗氧化结果表明,3种乳酸菌发酵均能增强混合果汁的抗氧化性能,其中副干酪乳杆菌组的各项抗氧化指标均优于对照组和其他试验组;有机酸检测结果显示,所有组别中副干酪乳杆菌组的苹果酸含量最低而乳酸含量最高,最有利于改善混合果汁中有机酸的组成;挥发性组分检测结果表明,利用副干酪乳杆菌发酵最有利于保留刺梨和苹果的关键风味。综上,以副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵剂,更有利于改善刺梨、苹果混合果汁酸涩的口感,增强果汁的抗氧化性能和保留混合果汁的关键香气物质。

乳酸菌  /  刺梨  /  苹果  /  理化特性  /  风味  /  发酵

To address the problem of the sour and astringent taste of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. juice, in this study, we mixed fresh R. roxburghii juice with fresh apple juice, and then used Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus fermentum, respectively, as starters for fermentation. Following fermentation, the physicochemical indices, in vitro antioxidant indices, organic acid contents, and volatile components of the fermented juices in each experimental group were determined, with the unfermented mixed juice being used as the control. The results of physicochemical analyses revealed that the total acid and tannic acid contents in the R. roxburghii–apple mixed juice fermented using L. paracasei were 3.61 g/L and 0.059 mg/mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than the respective values obtained for other experimental groups and the control group (P<0.05). For the L. paracasei fermentation, the contents of vitamin C and carotenoids were 2.75 mg/100 mL and 572.28 μg/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those recorded for the other experimental groups (P<0.05). In addition, the results of in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that fermentation with all three lactic acid bacterial strains promoted an enhancement of the antioxidant capacity of the mixed juice, among which, all assessed antioxidant indices of the L. paracasei-fermented juice were superior to the corresponding values obtained for the control group and other experimental groups. Moreover, the results of organic acid analyses indicated that among all groups, the L. paracasei group had the lowest malic acid content and highest lactic acid content, making it most conducive to improving the composition of organic acids in the mixed juice. The results of volatile component analyses indicated that fermentation with L. paracasei was most beneficial for retaining the key flavors of R. roxburghii and apple. In conclusion, among the assessed bacterial strains, using L. paracasei as a starter was found to be more beneficial for ameliorating the sour and astringent taste of the R. roxburghii–apple mixed juice, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the juice, and retaining the key aroma substances.

lactic acid bacterial  /  Rosa roxburghii Tratt  /  apple  /  physicochemical properties  /  flavor  /  fermentation
宁豫昌, 杨向科, 郭宏伟, 马辉, 沙军军, 赵广伟, 张曼, 张哲玮, 乔宏兴. 不同乳酸菌发酵对刺梨、苹果混合果汁理化特性和风味的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (17) : 355 -367 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070176
Yuchang NING, Xiangke YANG, Hongwei GUO, Hui MA, Junjun SHA, Guangwei ZHAO, Man ZHANG, Zhewei ZHANG, Hongxing QIAO. Effects of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentations on the Physicochemical Properties and Flavor of the Mixed Juice of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. and Apple[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (17) : 355 -367 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070176
刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt.)为蔷薇科蔷薇属的落叶小灌木,广泛分布于我国安徽、江苏、江西、贵州、云南等省份,其中贵州省的刺梨分布面积最广、产量最大[1−2]。刺梨果实成熟时散发出浓郁的香味,且刺梨果实中含有超氧化物歧化酶、维生素C、胡萝卜素、多酚、多糖、氨基酸等丰富的生物活性物质,赋予了刺梨抗氧化、防癌、降血脂、免疫调节等诸多保健价值。吴红等[3]比较了贵州17个产地刺梨的抗氧化物质,结果显示,不同产地刺梨的总多酚含量分布在1126~4063 μg/mL,总黄酮含量分布在558~1626 μg/mL,维生素C含量分布在8.61~15.79 mg/g,SOD活性分布在65.73~142.56 U/g。孙海达等[4]采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测刺梨原汁中的游离氨基酸总量在1405.66~2061.28 mg/kg。李倩倩[5]采用水提醇沉法提取了刺梨多糖,并且发现刺梨多糖具有较好的抗宫颈癌活性。Wu等[6]的研究表明,刺梨黄酮提取物在3.0~30.0 μg/mL浓度范围内对斑马鱼具有良好的降血脂作用,且呈剂量依赖性。正是由于刺梨具有丰富的营养和诸多的健康价值,近年来,贵州省依托资源优势,努力将刺梨从普通农产品变为优质工业品,将刺梨培育成贵州省的一个百亿级特色优势产业[7]。目前已经开发的刺梨产品有果汁、果酒、饮料、口服液等,具有广阔的市场开发前景。然而刺梨果实中的单宁酸和有机酸含量高,例如,刺梨干果的单宁酸含量高达2624.98 mg/100 g,刺梨鲜果中的总酸含量达1358.89 mg/100 g,大量的单宁和有机酸往往使刺梨的果汁、果酒、饮料等产品呈现明显的酸涩口感,极大地影响了产品的接受度。
为解决刺梨果汁口感酸涩的问题,可将刺梨果汁与其他果汁混合,以掩盖或降低刺梨果汁的酸涩味,并且刺梨果汁与其他果汁混合还可能产生一定的协同或互补作用。赵光远等[8]将刺梨与苹果混合打浆榨汁并巴氏杀菌后,制得的混合果汁兼具了刺梨与苹果的独特风味,口感较单一的刺梨果汁更为爽滑,而且刺梨中丰富的维生素C等抗氧化物质能有效防止苹果汁褐变。此外,有研究表明一些乳酸菌能够产生单宁酶,能降解植物原料中的单宁酸[9−10]。并且,乳酸菌通过复杂的代谢过程,能够对果汁中的有机酸进行转化,改变果汁中有机酸的组成或者降低有机酸的含量,改善果汁的口感和风味。例如,乳酸菌通过柠檬酸代谢途径能够转化柠檬酸形成重要的羰基风味化合物如双乙酰、乙偶姻和2,3-丁二醇等[11]。许多乳酸菌能够通过苹果酸-乳酸发酵有效降低果汁中苹果酸的含量,起到降低果汁酸涩感的作用[12]。因此,为了改善刺梨果汁的口感和风味,使其变得柔和,本研究拟将刺梨果汁与苹果汁按一定比例混合,依据《可用于食品的菌种名单》[13],选用3种典型的乳酸菌进行发酵,比较不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的理化指标、体外抗氧化活性、风味物质等,旨在选择一种合适的乳酸菌用于刺梨、苹果混合果汁的发酵,也为乳酸菌发酵贵州省特色水果的产业应用提供基础数据。
富士苹果 贵州省威宁县;新鲜刺梨 贵州省六盘水市;副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei;BNCC 189800)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum;BNCC 370751)、发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum;BNCC 194173) 北纳创联生物技术有限公司;MRS肉汤培养基 北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司;芦丁 色谱纯、2-辛醇 色谱纯、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(Butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT) 分析纯,北京索莱宝科技有限公司;1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH) 色谱纯,上海晶纯生化科技股份有限公司;果胶酶(1 U/mg)、纤维素酶(10 U/mg) 食品级,河南万邦实业有限公司;福林酚试剂(纯度99 %) 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;无水葡萄糖、硫酸铜、单宁酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、酒石酸钾钠等 分析纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司。
H1850R台式高速冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;ZQLY-300S恒温培养摇床 上海知楚仪器有限公司;DNP-9272BS-Ⅲ电热恒温培养箱 上海新苗医疗器械制造有限公司;FE28便携式pH计 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;752紫外可见分光光度计 上海菁华科技仪器有限公司;FA1104电子天平 上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司;1260液相色谱仪、C18 AQ(4.6mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱、7890B-7000D气相色谱质谱联用仪、HP-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)毛细管色谱柱 安捷伦科技有限公司。
分别将苹果、刺梨用清水冲洗干净,切成小块,去核,用质渣分离机进行榨汁后四层滤布过滤。将刺梨汁、苹果汁按1:1混合均匀,纤维素酶和果胶酶按照2:3的比例,0.3%的添加量加入到混合果汁中,将混合果汁置于恒温水浴锅中,35 ℃酶解1.5 h,酶解结束后将混合果汁90 ℃灭酶5 min后即为试验待接种的果汁。
将保藏于斜面培养基中的副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌分别转接到MRS肉汤培养基中,在37 ℃、转速150 r/min的摇床中培养48 h,再用液体MRS 培养基继续转接活化2~3代,直至培养液中乳酸菌含量达到1.0×108 CFU/mL。将3种活化后的乳酸菌菌液6000 r/min离心5 min后,弃去上清液,然后用等量无菌生理盐水重悬后即为种子液。
3种乳酸菌种子液以7%的接种量分别接种至刺梨、苹果混合果汁,37 ℃下发酵24 h。将经过发酵的混合果汁作为试验组,而未经乳酸菌发酵的混合果汁记为对照组。
参考张弛等[14]的方法,采用斐林试剂滴定法进行测定。
按GB 12456-2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》 pH 计电位滴定法,总酸含量以苹果酸计。
参照张盟[15]的方法制备菌悬液,利用MRS培养基根据GB 4789.2-2016进行乳酸菌的活菌计数。
采用福林酚比色法[16]。以不同梯度的没食子酸质量浓度(mg/mL)作为横坐标,并于760 nm处测定的OD值为纵坐标,以蒸馏水为空白对照,绘制标准曲线,回归方程为:y=1.8257x+0.0153,R2=0.995。总酚含量以没食子酸的质量分数计,根据标准曲线计算样品中总酚的质量浓度。
参考齐芳芳[17]的方法利用直接碘量法测定样品中维生素C的含量,方法略有改动。精确称取100 mg 维生素 C 标准品,蒸馏水定容至100.0 mL,充分混匀得到标准维生素C溶液。用稀盐酸将100.0 mL标准维生素C溶液的pH调至3.0后分为4份,每份25 mL,在每一份中加入2.0 mL 10 g/L的可溶性淀粉溶液作为指示剂,用0.02 mol/L 的碘液滴定标准维生素 C 溶液至蓝色,并保持30 s不褪色。记录滴定不同质量浓度标准维生素C溶液所消耗碘液的体积,并计算其平均值。取25.0 mL 待测发酵果汁4份,分别加入2.0 mL 10 g/L的淀粉溶液作为指示剂,用0.02 mol/L的碘液滴定待测样液至蓝色,并保持30 s不褪色。记录待测样液所消耗碘液的体积,并求其平均值。维生素C的质量浓度按照以下公式计算:
$ \text{维生素}\mathrm{C的质量浓度}(\mathrm{mg}/100\;\text{mL})=\frac{\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{V}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{V}}_{2}}\times 4 $
式中,m 表示25.0 mL标准维生素C溶液中维生素C的质量,mg;V1表示待测发酵果汁所消耗碘液体积的平均值,mL;V2表示标准维生素C溶液所消耗碘液体积的平均值,mL。
根据贾雨朦等[18]的方法加以修改测定类胡萝卜素的质量浓度(µg/mL)。取10.0 mL样液加20.0 mL提取液(含质量分数50%正己烷、25%丙酮、25%乙醇、0.1% BHT、0.5 g NaCl),常温下搅拌30 min后加入15.0 mL蒸馏水,继续搅拌10 min,搅拌结束将混合物倒入分液漏斗中,振荡3次,静置,待液体分为清晰的两层后收集上层有机相。空白组为加入BHT(0.10 g/100 mL)并充分溶解后的正己烷,于450 nm波长处测定吸光度,按如下公式进行计算:
$ \mathrm{类胡萝卜素的质量浓度}(\text{µ} \mathrm{g}/\text{mL})=\frac{\mathrm{AV}\times {10}^{4}}{{\mathrm{E}}_{{{1\;\text{cm}}^{1\text{%} }}}\times {\mathrm{V}}_{1}} $
式中,A 为待测果汁在450 nm 处的吸光值;V 为收集的有机相的体积,mL;V1为量取的待测果汁的体积,mL;E1 cm1%为β-类胡萝卜素在正己烷中的消光系数,记为2560。
参考字学娟[19]的方法采用Folin-Denis显色法进行单宁酸含量的测定。以不同梯度的单宁酸质量浓度(mg/mL)作为横坐标,在不同浓度单宁酸溶液中分别加入Folin-Denis显色剂和饱和Na2CO3溶液,混匀后静置30 min,并于756 nm处测定的OD值为纵坐标,以蒸馏水为空白对照,绘制标准曲线,回归方程为:y=1.4764x+0.0143,R2=0.999,根据标准曲线计算样品中单宁酸的质量浓度。
参考董银卯等[20]方法加以修改,准确称取0.079 g的DPPH粉末,用无水乙醇定容至1000 mL容量瓶中,得到浓度为0.20 mol/L的DPPH溶液。分别吸取2.0 mL经适当稀释后的样液和2.0 mL的0.20 mol/L的DPPH溶液混合均匀后,37 ℃避光保存30 min,在517 nm处测定吸光值,对照组溶剂用无水乙醇代替,DPPH自由基清除率按如下公式进行计算:
$ \text{DPPH自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{i}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{j}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{c}}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,Ai为DPPH溶液与样液的吸光值;Aj为无水乙醇与样液的吸光值;Ac为DPPH溶液与无水乙醇的吸光值。
参考董银卯等[20]方法加以修改,分别吸取经适当稀释后的1.0 mL样液,2.0 mL 9 mmo1/L FeSO4溶液,2.0 mL 9 mmo1/L水杨酸-乙醇溶液,最后加入0.20 mL 8.8 mmo1/L H2O2混合均匀后,37 ℃下保温30 min,在510 nm处测定吸光值。空白管以超纯水替代样液,调零管以超纯水替代水杨酸-乙醇溶液,按如下公式进行计算:
$ \text{羟自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{s}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,A0为空白管的吸光值;AS为样液作为自由基清除剂加入后的吸光值。
参考陈天荣等[21]的方法加以修改,吸取4.50 mL 0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl 缓冲液(pH8.2),置于25 ℃水浴中预热20 min后,加入1.0 mL经适当稀释后的样品和0.40 mL 25 mmol/L邻苯三酚溶液。混合均匀后于25 ℃水浴中反应5 min,加入1.0 mL 8 mol/L盐酸终止反应,于325 nm处测定吸光度。空白组用1.0 mL蒸馏水代替样品。按如下公式进行计算:
$ \text{超氧阴离子自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}-({\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{x}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{1})}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,A0为空白组样品吸光度;Ax为样品吸光度;A1为蒸馏水替代邻苯三酚的本底吸光度。
参考窦志霞等[22]的方法并略作修改。配制100~900 μg/mL的丁二酸、乙酸标准溶液、50~450 μg/mL的乳酸、柠檬酸标准溶液、20~200 μg/mL的酒石酸、苹果酸标准溶液、5~50 μg/mL的草酸标准溶液、0.5~5 μg/mL的马来酸用作鉴定和定量有机酸的外部标准。试验组和对照组果汁经8000 r/min离心10 min得到测试样品,测试样品及标准液用0.22 μm的微孔滤膜过滤后进样测定。色谱条件:色谱柱Agilent C18 AQ(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相A为0.1%磷酸水溶液,流动相B为甲醇,采用梯度洗脱程序;柱温35 ℃;进样量10 μL;检测波长210 nm。洗脱程序见表1。
参考黄玉立等[23]的方法稍作改动,取3 mL混合发酵果汁置于15 mL顶空进样瓶中并于80 ℃加热30 min,30 min后用将顶空微萃取进样针扎入顶空瓶中继续加热30 min后,250 ℃进样口解析5 min。色谱条件为:HP-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)毛细管色谱柱,不分流模式进样,初温35 ℃保持2 min,以5 ℃/min,升温至125 ℃保持3 min,以10 ℃/min,升温至200 ℃保持2 min。载气为高纯氦气(He),流速为1.0 mL/min,进样口温度250 ℃,进样时间1 min。质谱条件:离子源温度230 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃,离子源为全惰性EI,扫描质量范围m/z 40~600。
定性、定量分析:参考NIST 2020谱库,选取匹配因子大于50的化合物,同时结合质谱数据进行定性,各挥发性风味化合物的相对含量,通过其色谱峰面积(Ai)与所有被鉴定出化合物的色谱峰面积总和(∑A)的比值进行计算,并以百分比形式表示。
$ \rm{挥}发性化合物i的相对含量(\text{%})=\frac{A_i}{\Sigma A}\times100 $
式中,Ai是第i种挥发性化合物的色谱峰面积,∑A是所有被定性鉴定出的挥发性化合物的色谱峰面积之总和。
采用相对气味活度值(ROAV)评价各挥发性组分对试验组和对照组香气体系的贡献度。一般认为ROAV≥1的化合物为关键香气成分,并且ROAV越大,表明该组分对整体香气体系贡献度越大,而0.1≤ROAV<1 的化合物被认为对总体风味具有修饰作用。其计算公式参考张涛等[24]的计算方法。
$ {\text{ROAV}}_{\text{i}}\approx \frac{{\text{C}}_{\text{i}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{stan}}}\times \frac{{\text{T}}_{\text{stan}}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{i}}}\times 100 $
式中,Ci和Ti分别为该挥发性物质的相对含量和该挥发性物质的阈值,Tstan、Cstan分别是对样品总体风味贡献最大的组分的相对百分含量和相对应的感觉阈值。
获取的原始数据使用Microsoft Excel 2010进行整理和绘图;使用SPSS19.0数据分析软件进行数据的显著性分析,采用Duncan’s multiple range test 方法分析,P<0.05表示存在显著性差异;所有试验数据均进行3次重复,结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。
本研究从还原糖、酸度、乳酸菌含量、总酚、维生素C、类胡萝卜素等方面比较3株乳酸菌菌株对刺梨、苹果混合果汁发酵的影响。
图1反映的是不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁后的还原糖含量。从图1中可见,对照组的还原糖含量为0.039 g/mL,发酵结束后,植物乳杆菌组、副干酪乳杆菌组以及发酵乳杆菌组的还原糖含量分别为0.032、0.029、0.031 g/mL。3个试验组的还原糖含量都显著小于对照组(P<0.05),表明植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌以及发酵乳杆菌均能够在刺梨、苹果混合果汁中消耗还原糖并良好生长。3个试验组中,副干酪乳杆菌发酵混合果汁的还原糖含量显著低于植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌(P<0.05),表明副干酪乳杆菌在刺梨、苹果的混合果汁中具有明显的生长优势,其消耗还原糖的能力高于其它2种乳酸菌。
研究表明,苹果酸是刺梨和苹果果实中主要的有机酸[25−26],因此本试验在测定果汁中总酸时以苹果酸计。图2是各试验组和对照组的总酸,从图2中可以看出对照组的总酸为4.82 g/L,发酵结束后,植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌以及发酵乳杆菌发酵混合果汁的总酸分别为4.10、3.61、3.85 g/L,且3个试验组与对照组之间均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),推测经不同种类的乳酸菌发酵后,均能显著降低刺梨、苹果混合果汁中的苹果酸含量。已知苹果酸具有调节果汁酸碱平衡,影响果汁口味的作用,但是苹果酸含量过高会刺激口腔黏膜导致果汁口感粗糙,降低果汁的整体适口性[27]。刺梨果实中苹果酸的含量可达7.26 mg/g鲜重,显著高于蔷薇科其他种类的水果[28−29],这是导致刺梨鲜果和果汁口感粗糙的重要因素。乳酸菌能够以苹果酸作为底物,利用苹果酸-乳酸酶、苹果酸酶、苹果酸脱氢酶等将苹果酸分解为乳酸和二氧化碳[30−31]。因此,利用乳酸菌发酵可分解果汁中的苹果酸,达到降低果汁酸度,使果汁口感更加柔和的作用。Liu等[32]利用乳酸菌发酵制备刺梨和薏苡仁饮料,结果显示,原料中的苹果酸从发酵前的21.227 mg/mL降至发酵后的14.067 mg/mL,减少了约30%,有效改善了饮料的酸味和涩味。
在筛选果蔬发酵菌种时,活菌含量越高往往表明菌株的生长能力和对发酵基质的利用能力越强[33]。图3是不同乳酸菌在刺梨、苹果混合果汁中发酵时的活菌含量统计结果。当以副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵菌种时,混合果汁中的乳酸菌含量最高,为(4.86±0.04)×107 CFU/mL。说明相比植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌,副干酪乳杆菌更适宜在刺梨、苹果混合果汁中生长繁殖。在其他研究中,副干酪乳杆菌也常被用作刺梨果汁的发酵菌种,并且有助于维持果汁抗氧化性以及提高果汁中生物活性物质的含量[34−35]。
利用不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的总酚含量测定结果见图4。由图4可见,对照组的总酚含量为0.162 mg/mL,发酵结束后,植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌以及发酵乳杆菌发酵混合果汁的总酚含量分别为0.231、0.213和0.217 mg/mL。3个试验组的总酚含量都显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。许多研究表明,乳酸菌发酵能够不同程度地增加果蔬汁中酚类物质的含量[36−37],但原因尚不十分明确。多项研究认为,植物中的部分多酚与纤维素等大分子紧密结合形成结合型酚而难以被常规溶剂提取,而发酵过程中微生物合成的多种水解酶则可利用水解作用破坏植物大分子与多酚结合的共价键,使一些结合酚转化为游离酚,从而使溶解在溶剂中的总酚含量增加[38−39]。此外,一些微生物还可能通过复杂的代谢反应将植物中的绿原酸、对香豆酸等物质转化为咖啡酸、原儿茶酸等酚类物质[40−41]。已知白藜芦醇、槲皮素、咖啡酸等许多酚类物质具有抗炎、抗氧化、保护心脑血管等生物学活性,本研究结果表明,利用不同的乳酸菌发酵均能够显著增加刺梨、苹果混合果汁中酚类物质的含量。
图5反映的是不同乳酸菌发酵后刺梨、苹果混合果汁的维生素C含量变化。其中对照组的维生素C含量为2.91 mg/100 mL,发酵结束后,植物乳杆菌组、副干酪乳杆菌组以及发酵乳杆菌组的维生素C含量分别下降至2.48、2.75、2.51 mg/100 mL。3个试验组的维生素C含量均显著小于对照组(P<0.05),其中副干酪乳杆菌组的维生素C含量又显著高于其他2个对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,经不同乳酸菌的发酵作用,均会导致刺梨、苹果混合果汁中维生素C含量显著下降,这一方面是由于维生素C的化学性质不稳定,易发生氧化和降解,另一方面可能是由于乳酸菌产生过氧化氢或其他氧化性代谢产物加速了维生素C的氧化分解[42]。
类胡萝卜素能够有效地淬灭氧自由基,因此具有良好的抗氧化性。图6反映的是不同乳酸菌发酵对刺梨、苹果混合果汁中类胡萝卜素含量的影响。对照组的类胡萝卜素含量为160.73 μg/mL,发酵结束后,植物乳杆菌组、副干酪乳杆菌组以及发酵乳杆菌组的类胡萝卜素含量分别为408.33、572.28、477.07 μg/mL,3个试验组的类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),说明不同的乳酸菌发酵均能显著地提高果汁中类胡萝卜素的含量,其中以副干酪乳杆菌为发酵剂时,混合果汁中类胡萝卜素含量的增加最为显著(P<0.05)。从已有的研究来看,经乳酸菌发酵后常能显著提高果蔬汁中类胡萝卜素的含量,例如,Bartkiene等[43]发现,相比未发酵处理的样品,利用沙克乳酸杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus sakei)发酵能够使番茄酱中的类胡萝卜素含量提高33.6%~41.1%;Mhlanga等[44]利用多种乳酸菌发酵处理南瓜叶,结果表明,不同乳酸菌发酵均能提高南瓜叶中类胡萝卜素的含量,其中,利用植物乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria longum)发酵可使类胡萝卜素的含量提高1.85倍和1.64倍。Xu等[45]研究认为,乳酸菌发酵提高果蔬汁中类胡萝卜素含量的原因主要有二,一是某些乳酸菌具有合成类胡萝卜素的能力,二是乳酸菌发酵可以增强植物基质中类胡萝卜素等植物化学物质的释放。然而,也有研究表明,乳酸菌发酵可能导致果蔬汁中类胡萝卜素含量的下降,例如,乳酸菌发酵会导致枸杞子中类胡萝卜素含量显著降低[46]。
单宁酸常见于蔷薇属(Rosa)植物的果实,具有止血、止痛、消炎等作用[47]。但是,含量过高的单宁酸因为与口腔黏膜的作用而常导致明显的酸涩感。图7是不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的单宁酸含量。其中,未经发酵的对照组的单宁酸含量最高,达到了0.485 mg/mL,而经植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌发酵后的混合果汁的单宁酸含量分别为0.143、0.059、0.133 mg/mL。可见,经3种乳酸菌发酵后,均能显著地降低混合果汁中的单宁酸含量(P<0.05),其中,以副干酪乳杆菌为发酵菌种时,混合果汁的单宁酸含量最低,其单宁酸含量较对照组下降了87.8%。乳酸菌发酵能够显著降低刺梨、苹果混合果汁中单宁酸的含量,推测是由于一些乳酸菌能够利用合成的单宁酶实现对单宁酸的分解。例如,Kanauchi[48]以没食子酸甲酯为底物,罗丹宁和氢氧化钾溶液显色,用分光光度计检测了植物乳杆菌的单宁酶活力;Pham等[49]在多株乳酸菌的基因组中发现了编码单宁酶的基因。
表2是经不同乳酸菌发酵后,刺梨、苹果混合果汁的各项体外抗氧化指标的测定结果。除了植物乳杆菌组的超氧阴离子自由基清除率小于对照组外,各试验组的各项抗氧化指标均优于对照组,其中,副干酪乳杆菌组的DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率在所有试验分组中均最高,分别达到了95.63%±0.08%、87.61%±1.95%、86.90%±1.57%。一些研究显示,乳酸菌发酵能够一定程度地提高食品的抗氧化性,例如,植物乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌通过发酵转化可以快速使蔓越莓花色苷向苯酚-吡喃型花青素进行生物转化,从而提高蔓越莓果汁的抗氧化性能[50];经嗜酸乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌发酵后,桃汁的亚铁离子还原能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除率均比未发酵的桃汁有显著提高[51]。乳酸菌发酵产物具有抗氧化性能的原因是多方面的,主要包括其产生的抗氧化酶活性、代谢产物的抗氧化能力以及金属螯合特性等[52]。
有机酸的种类和含量对果汁的口感、风味和营养价值都发挥着重要作用[53],许多研究显示,乳酸菌的代谢可以改变果汁中有机酸的组成情况。表3是利用3种不同乳酸菌发酵的刺梨、苹果混合果汁中有机酸的组成和含量。经过3种乳酸菌的发酵之后,刺梨、苹果混合果汁中的酒石酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸的含量均显著下降(P<0.05),其中苹果酸的含量变化最为明显。在未经发酵的对照组混合果汁中,苹果酸的含量为2064.70 μg/mL,而植物乳杆菌组、副干酪乳杆菌组、发酵乳杆菌组的苹果酸含量分别为1909.94、1344.68、1639.03 μg/mL,其中,副干酪乳杆菌组的苹果酸含量最低,相比对照组下降了34.87%。因本研究中混合果汁总酸的测定是以苹果酸计,因此表3中各组的苹果酸含量与图2中各组的总酸测定结果是相一致的。在对照组中未检测到乳酸的存在,而植物乳杆菌组、副干酪乳杆菌组、发酵乳杆菌组的乳酸含量则分别为149.41、740.45、403.74 μg/mL。已知部分乳酸菌能够通过苹果酸-乳酸发酵将苹果酸转化为乳酸,因此,本研究结果表明,植物乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌均能以苹果酸为碳源进行产能代谢,并进一步形成乳酸。苹果酸具有酸味爽口的特点,但是含量过多则会产生刺激性和苦涩感,相比苹果酸而言,乳酸的口感绵软温和,在改善发酵果汁感官性质的同时也提高了产品的微生物稳定性[54]。
本研究检测了3种不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的挥发性组分,并以未经发酵的新鲜刺梨、苹果混合果汁作为对照组,检测结果见表4。图8是不同乳酸菌发酵刺梨、苹果混合果汁的挥发性组分相对含量占比变化。由表4的测定结果可见,3种乳酸菌发酵后的刺梨、苹果混合果汁中共计检测出了72种不同的挥发性组分,而未经发酵处理的对照组果汁中检测到55种不同的挥发性组分。在对照组中,相对含量占优的几种挥发性组分主要是2-己烯醛、己醛、正己醇、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯、乙酸丁酯,它们的相对含量分别是18.23%、13.54%、9.80%、9.67%和8.18%;经过植物乳杆菌或发酵乳杆菌发酵之后,2-己烯醛、己醛、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯、乙酸丁酯的含量均明显地下降,而在副干酪乳杆菌发酵之后,除乙酸丁酯、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯的相对含量明显下降之外,2-己烯醛、己醛、正己醇的相对含量则与对照组比较接近,说明经副干酪乳杆菌发酵后的刺梨、苹果混合果汁的主要挥发性组分构成与对照组更接近。由图8可知,在对照组果汁中,醛类、酯类、酸类和醇类是主要的挥发性组分,其相对含量分别为40.45%、26.33%、16.26%和13.47%。与对照组相比,当以植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌分别作为发酵剂对混合果汁进行发酵后,果汁中的醛类和酯类组分的占比均呈现了明显的降低,醛类物质占比分别下降了83.68%和63.63%,酯类物质占比分别下降了55.07%和59.59%,而酸类和醇类挥发性组分的占比则出现了明显的升高,其中酸类物质占比分别增加了83.46%和95.69%。与对照组相比,以副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵剂,果汁中醛类物质的相对含量为43.04%,较对照组增加了6.40%,而酯类物质的相对含量仅为5.01%,较对照组减少了80.97%,而酸类和醇类物质的相对含量分别为30.35%和18.98%,较对照组分别增加了86.65%和40.91%。因此,与植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌相比,以副干酪乳杆菌为发酵剂时,混合果汁中各类型挥发性组分相对含量占比变化更接近未经发酵的对照组果汁。
以ROAV≥1.0为标准,筛选出各试验组和对照组中关键的香气物质,具体结果见表5。其中,对照组果汁中的关键香气成分有己醛、壬醛、2-己烯醛、乙酸丁酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯、2-甲基丁酸丙酯、正己醇、芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮、己酸等。已有的研究表明,2-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯、壬醛、2-己烯醛、己酸、正己醇、芳樟醇等是刺梨果实的关键香气物质[55−57],乙酸丁酯、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯、正己醇、2-己烯醛等是苹果的关键香气物质,而己醛则是刺梨和苹果共有的关键香气物质[58−59]。由表5可知,对照组中ROAV最大的前3种关键香气物质分别是2-甲基丁酸乙酯、己醛、壬醛,它们的ROAV分别是100.0、98.0、93.4;经过植物乳杆菌或发酵乳杆菌发酵之后,已检测不到2-甲基丁酸乙酯,而己醛和壬醛的ROAV则分别下降至10.0和16.6,7.6和33.4;而经副干酪乳杆菌发酵后的混合果汁中,2-甲基丁酸乙酯、己醛、壬醛3种关键香气物质的ROAV分别是34.6、82.5和96.6。此外,与植物乳杆菌组和发酵乳杆菌组相比,副干酪乳杆菌组中的2-己烯醛、乙酸丁酯、芳樟醇、己酸等关键香气物质的ROAV也更加接近对照组。由此可见,3种乳酸菌中,以副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵剂时,能够更好地维持刺梨、苹果混合果汁中关键香气物质的相对含量,从而更有利于保持混合果汁中关键风味的稳定。
本研究选用3种乳酸菌进行刺梨、苹果混合果汁的发酵,经发酵后,副干酪乳杆菌在混合果汁中的细胞含量最高,且以副干酪乳杆菌为发酵剂时,混合果汁中的还原糖含量最低,说明副干酪乳杆菌较植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌在刺梨、苹果混合果汁中的生长性能更强。利用3种乳酸菌发酵均能降低混合果汁中的苹果酸和单宁酸的含量,并将苹果酸转化为乳酸,但是以副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵剂时,混合果汁的总酸、苹果酸、单宁酸水平均显著地小于对照组、植物乳杆菌组和发酵乳杆菌组(P<0.05),说明利用副干酪乳杆菌发酵更有利于改善混合果汁酸涩的口感。相比对照组,用3种乳酸菌进行刺梨、苹果混合果汁的发酵后,果汁中的总酚和类胡萝卜素的含量均显著增加(P<0.05),而维生素C的含量则显著降低(P<0.05),其中,副干酪乳杆菌组的类胡萝卜素和维生素C的含量均显著高于植物乳杆菌组和发酵乳杆菌组(P<0.05)。当以副干酪乳杆菌为发酵剂时,刺梨、苹果混合果汁的3种体外抗氧化指标不仅都显著大于对照组(P<0.05),也大于其余2个试验组。并且,副干酪乳杆菌组的苹果酸、酒石酸和琥珀酸含量在所有分组中均最低,而乳酸含量则显著大于植物乳杆菌组和发酵乳杆菌组(P<0.05),其降酸性能在3种乳酸菌中最优。此外,果汁的挥发性组分测定结果显示,以副干酪乳杆菌作为发酵剂,最有利于保留刺梨、苹果混合果汁中的关键性香气物质。综上所述,副干酪乳杆菌较植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌更适宜用于刺梨、苹果混合果汁的发酵。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070176
  • 接收时间:2025-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-14
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    1河南牧业经济学院生命科学学院,河南郑州 450046
    2河南牧业经济学院动物科技学院,河南郑州 450046
    3河南牧业经济学院动物医药学院,河南郑州 450046

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乔宏兴(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:发酵工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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