Article(id=1320889076576801567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070167, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752422400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854096788, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854096788, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854096788, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854096788, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=359, endPage=368, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889076748768032, articleId=1320889076576801567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Volatile Metabolite Differences in Different Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) Cultivars from Luxi Using HS-SPME-GC-MS, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study employed headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to analyze the volatile flavor profiles of four chive cultivars ('White Chive''Black Chive''Local Red Chive' and 'Tiegan Red Chive') from the Luxi region of Yunnan. A total of 797 volatile compounds across 15 classes were identified. Esters (140), terpenoids (123), and alcohols (97) were the most abundant in variety, while sulfur-containing compounds (128.51 mg/kg), ketones (107.27 mg/kg), and terpenoids (106.39 mg/kg) were the highest in content, and 166 differential aroma compounds were selected using the cutoff of variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 with a P value<0.05. Dipropyl disulfide was identified as key odorants contributing to grassy, onion, and sulfur notes. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of compounds with OAV>10 revealed 22 significant aroma compounds (VIP>1, P<0.05), among them, citronellal and (S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal exhibited the highest VIP values (2.62) and were identified as critical aroma differential compounds. Further analysis characterized the primary aroma attributes as grassy, sulfurous, coffee, and minty. 'White Chive' and 'Black Chive' exhibited prominent grassy notes, whereas 'Local Red Chive' and 'Tiegan Red Chive' displayed stronger sulfurous, coffee, minty, vegetal, nutty, and leafy aromas, with 'Tiegan Red Chive' having the most distinct nutty character. This study has not only provided a scientific basis for flavor quality evaluation, but also has laid a foundation for the diversified flavor selection and deep processing of Luxi chives.

, authors=Lei XIAO, Qing SHENG, Ruijie DONG, Wenhuai TIAN, Liangqi PENG, Yue WANG, Ziyan HU, Yumei DING*, authorsList=Lei XIAO, Qing SHENG, Ruijie DONG, Wenhuai TIAN, Liangqi PENG, Yue WANG, Ziyan HU, Yumei DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yumei DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889079403762473, articleId=1320889076576801567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于HS-SPME-GC-MS解析泸西不同品种细香葱挥发性代谢物差异, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,对云南泸西4个品种细香葱:‘白葱’‘黑葱’‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’的挥发性风味成分进行分析检测。结果表明,共鉴定出15类797种挥发性化合物,其中物质种类最为丰富的是酯类、萜类和醇类,分别为140种、123种和97种,而物质含量最高是含硫化合物、酮类和萜类物质,总含量分别为128.51、107.27和106.39 mg/kg,其中二丙基二硫醚为重要标志物,贡献青草香、洋葱味和硫磺味,并且以VIP>1、P<0.05为条件筛选出166种主要差异香气物质;除此之外,对四个品种细香葱中OAV>10的挥发性物质进行正交偏最小二乘判别(OPLS-DA)分析,由VIP>1并且P<0.05得到22种香气物质,其中香茅醛和(S)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛的VIP值最高(2.62),为重要香气差异物;并且进一步对22种香气物质进行分析,发现青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味和薄荷味是细香葱中主要的香气特征,其中‘白葱’和‘黑葱’表现出突出的青草香。‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’表现出突出硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、蔬菜香、坚果香和叶香,并且‘铁杆红葱’表现出的坚果香最为突出。本研究旨在为泸西细香葱品种品质评价提供科学依据,进一步为多样化泸西不同细香葱风味筛选和泸西细香葱深加工的开发利用奠定基础。

, authors=肖垒, 盛庆, 董瑞婕, 田文怀, 彭良琦, 王悦, 胡紫妍, 丁玉梅*, authorsList=肖垒, 盛庆, 董瑞婕, 田文怀, 彭良琦, 王悦, 胡紫妍, 丁玉梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=丁玉梅, authorNote=

肖垒(2002−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
丁玉梅(1975−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:果蔬采后品质调控,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=lBE9Wv6O+CaTIj6dtbFmPQ==, magXml=B9z8bMO2y5mBz/lG3GPY9w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KTUFALKcDjFJukQ/cmp8Qw==, pdfFileSize=2092101, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hpoJh3bfKItfza7pqoY9wQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=DbTjqrHxbNpPDYk3yuIShA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889079718335278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=3057863928@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889079789638448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, authorId=1320889079718335278, language=EN, stringName=Lei XIAO, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=XIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889079856747313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, authorId=1320889079718335278, language=CN, stringName=肖垒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明 650201, bio={"content":"

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Food Research International, 2020, 130: 108908., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889079634449194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889079642837803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, companyId=1320889079634449194, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889079651226412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, companyId=1320889079634449194, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明 650201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889083732284253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Classification of total volatile compounds (a), content of volatile substances (b) and content of the top 10 volatile substances (c) in four cultivars of chives, figureFileSmall=vyUeasRo2J3aczT7SFNgqA==, figureFileBig=hpoJh3bfKItfza7pqoY9wQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889083811976030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, language=CN, label=图1, caption=4个品种细香葱总的挥发性化合物的分类(a)、挥发性物质含量(b)及排名前10挥发性物质含量(c)

注:图1c中不同小写字母表示同一挥发性物质在不同品种细香葱中差异显著,P<0.05。

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Aroma descriptions of important volatile compounds of four cultivars of chives and corresponding OAV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物香气描述阈值(mg/kg)OAV
白葱黑葱本地红葱铁杆红葱
醛类(24种)
1(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛黄瓜香,青草香1×10−510295.368906.1711397.4111532.66
22,4-壬二烯醛油脂味,青草香,黄瓜香5×10−53339.523811.192296.142747.43
3(Z,Z)-3,6-壬二烯醛油脂味,皂香,黄瓜香5×10−52147.721762.811991.652167.25
48-壬烯醛烟熏味,塑料味2×10−41791.131718.951584.451682.38
5(E)-6-壬烯醛无气味2.2×10−519111463.21742.631564.65
6(E)-2-己烯醛青草香,药草香3.1×10−31159.56936.431159.651128.16
7(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛油脂味,甜瓜香,蜡香,青草香,紫罗兰香,叶香,黄瓜香,热带水果香,果香,鸡肉香1.6×10−41043.61191717.54858.57
8(Z)-4-庚烯醛油味,油脂味,青草香,乳制品香,奶香味,奶油香2.5×10−5717.82584.811019.54913.65
92-辛烯醛油脂味,青草香,药草香2×10−4300.41293.53309.42254.76
10(Z)-6-壬烯醛青草香,黄瓜香,甜瓜香,哈密瓜香,白兰瓜香,蜡香,蔬菜香,鸢尾根香,紫罗兰香,叶香1.4×10−4300.3229.93116.7245.87
11癸醛甜香,醛类香,蜡香,橙皮香,柑橘香,花香1×10−4137.96190.11328.49212.35
12(E,E)-2,6-壬二烯醛清新感,柑橘香,青草香,黄瓜香,甜瓜香5×10−4205.91178.12227.95230.65
132-己烯醛甜香,杏仁香,果香,青草香,叶香,苹果香,李子香,蔬菜香1.7×10−2211.45170.76211.46205.72
14己醛醛类香,青草香,青草香,叶香,醋香5×10−374.765.38333.18308.84
154-甲氧基苯甲醛甜香,粉质感,含羞草香,花香,山楂香,巴萨米克醋香2×10−4152.16154.72152.64139.51
16(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛粉尘感,蜡香,油味,皂香7×10−5120.06106.22116.5142.11
17(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛油炸感,油脂味,天竺葵香,青草香,蜡香7×10−5120.06106.22116.5142.11
18壬醛醛类香,柑橘香,橙皮香1×10−387.7983.2180.2675.36
19(E)-2-壬烯醛油脂味,青草香,黄瓜香,醛类香,柑橘香8×10−573.8757.286.680.66
202-壬烯醛油脂味,青草香,蜡香,黄瓜香,甜瓜香1×10−459.145.7669.2864.53
213-甲基-2-丁烯醛甜香,果香,刺鼻味,棕色系香气,坚果味,杏仁香,樱桃香5×10−416.1115.7930.0830.07
22(E)-2-辛烯醛清新感,黄瓜香,油脂味,青草香,药草香,香蕉香,蜡香,叶香[28]3×10−320.0319.5720.6316.98
233-甲硫基丁醛煮熟土豆味2.5×10−319.5118.2912.615.67
24(Z)-3-己烯醛青草香,油脂味,青草香,杂草香,果香,苹果香4×10−30.250.269.410.84
醇类(10种)
25苯甲硫醇尖刺味,葱蒜味,洋葱味,硫磺味,大蒜味,辣根味,薄荷香,咖啡香3×10−66779.066906.168932.069979.99
265-甲基-2-呋喃甲硫醇硫磺味,烤香,咖啡香5×10−5105.74116.23134.64125.18
27反式,顺式-2,6-壬二烯-1-醇青草香,黄瓜香,油味,紫罗兰香,叶香1×10−372.458.88104.89111.13
282-十一醇清新感,蜡香,洁净感,布料香,棉香,洋菝葜香8.6×10−37.21−120.567.25
29(Z)-5-辛烯-1-醇青草香,甜瓜香,水感,西瓜香,泥土味,蘑菇香,紫罗兰香,叶香,鱼腥味,皂香2×10−350.9741.1310.5818.12
303-呋喃甲醇无气味4.501×10−320.3817.9515.9436.12
312,2-二甲基-3-戊醇无气味4.1×10−2−−−42.87
321-辛烯-3-醇油脂味,果香,青草香,蘑菇香,香水感,甜香1×10−314.2915.0411.1616.79
336-十一醇无气味8.6×10−32.870.7242.943.47
34[R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-丁二醇无气味9.51×10−23.082.211.7910.91
萜类(8种)
35β-紫罗兰酮花香,木香,甜香,果香,浆果香,热带水果香,蜂蜡香7×10−6446880.62506957.58244234.27438643.66
36(E)-β-紫罗兰酮干燥感,粉质感,花香,木香,鸢尾根香2×10−415640.8217743.528548.215352.53
372,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-甲醛热带水果香,藏红花香,药草香,清新感,玫瑰香,甜香,烟草香,大马士革酮香,果香3×10−3112.67129.8565.190.32
38大根香叶烯D木香,辛香1.2×10−352.2758.2139.9552.81
39香叶醇甜香,花香,果香,玫瑰香,蜡香,柑橘香6.6×10−319.2820.2314.8325.65
40(S)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛无气味3×10−26.0919.6814.1137.6
41香茅醛甜香,干燥感,花香,药草香,蜡香,醛类香,柑橘香6×10−23.059.847.0518.8
42(-)-乙酸香芹酯青草香,薄荷香,留兰香,旱金莲香,药草香,朗姆酒香,葡萄香,梨香,辛香1.5×10−38.696.79−15.8
酮类(8种)
431-壬烯-3-酮刺鼻味,蘑菇香1×10−69429.759297.387626.467414.14
442,2,6-三甲基环己酮刺鼻味,侧柏酮香,劳丹脂香,蜂蜜香,岩蔷薇香1×10−4713.67688.95689.22660.75
451-己烯-3-酮熟味,蔬菜香,金属味2×10−57.87−927.831013.08
46(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮果香,青草香,青草香5×10−4613.28542.04136.1204.24
472-十一酮蜡香,果香,奶油香,油脂味,鸢尾根香,花香6.2×10−351.310.791149.6681.93
485-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮辛香9.7×10−318.9515.6620.7822.4
493-壬酮焦糖香,辛香,甜香[29]1.7×10−213.178.3311.6310.84
501-(3-吡啶基)乙酮甜香,坚果味,干燥感,山楂香,苯酚香,木香,爆米
花香
5×10−115.637.85.229.88
酯类(7种)
513-环己烯甲酸乙酯无气味3×10−644684.0353642.21146523.47136913.38
523-甲基丁酸-2-苯乙酯花香,果香,甜香,玫瑰香,桃子香,杏子香1×10−52308.612543.671830.792540.69
532-甲基丁酸丙酯酒味,果香,苹果香,菠萝香2×10−4126.69135.1576.1188.08
54丙酸己酯梨香,青草香,果香,霉味,腐烂味8×10−396.7572.7242.5881.34
55顺式-3-己烯基异戊酸酯清新感,青草香,苹果香,果香,热带水果香,菠萝香2×10−219.7718.7718.5719.27
56Z-4-癸烯酸甲酯果香,梨香,芒果香,鱼腥味,桃皮香,青草香3×10−313.9610.8610.814.46
57乙酸-2-戊酯药草香,杂草香,霉味,青草香,蔬菜香,坚果皮香,豆香,酮类香,动物感香气1.5×10−211.8512.1610.7110.41
杂环化合物(5种)
582-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基丙基)吡嗪霉味,青草香,豌豆香,格蓬香,灯笼椒香,胡椒香2×10−634941.5227350.5710608.5910925.62
592,5-二甲基噻吩坚果味,硫磺味5×10−4173.05310.09507.61744.95
60三甲基恶唑坚果味,坚果皮香,烤香,芥末香,贝类香,芥末香,蔬菜香5×10−331.1331.8929.3925.35
612-乙基呋喃化学味,豆香,飘逸感,可可香,面包香,麦芽香,咖啡香,坚果味2.3×10−39.659.8812.3520.27
62四氢-3a-甲基-1,3-二硫并[4,5-b]呋喃煮熟味,奶香味,鸡肉香,煮熟牛肉香,橡胶味,硫磺味,硫胺素味6×10−37.959.7914.1514.77
酚类(3种)
63愈创木酚坚果味1.6×10−3135.96123.51164.69148.54
642-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚辛香,葡萄干香3×10−312.337.8922.6615.49
652,4-二氯苯酚无气味1.4×10−312.3811.714.4316.97
含硫化合物(2种)
66二丙基二硫醚硫磺味,泥土味,焦糊味,青草香,洋葱味1.95×10−22159.151932.83900.311497.3
67硫氰酸苄酯无气味5×10−310.327.036.6110.45
芳烃类(1种)
684-苯基-1-环己烯无气味1×10−22.42.1923.411.23
含氮化合物(1种)
69十二腈柑橘香,橙子香,果皮香,金属感,辛香9×10−5632.36654.54189.61574.18
醚类(1种)
70烯丙基甲基硫醚硫磺味,葱蒜味,洋葱味,香料香5×10−429.721.3747.8754.03
), ArticleFig(id=1320889084504036198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889076576801567, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4个品种细香葱中重要挥发性化合物香气描述及对应的OAV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物香气描述阈值(mg/kg)OAV
白葱黑葱本地红葱铁杆红葱
醛类(24种)
1(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛黄瓜香,青草香1×10−510295.368906.1711397.4111532.66
22,4-壬二烯醛油脂味,青草香,黄瓜香5×10−53339.523811.192296.142747.43
3(Z,Z)-3,6-壬二烯醛油脂味,皂香,黄瓜香5×10−52147.721762.811991.652167.25
48-壬烯醛烟熏味,塑料味2×10−41791.131718.951584.451682.38
5(E)-6-壬烯醛无气味2.2×10−519111463.21742.631564.65
6(E)-2-己烯醛青草香,药草香3.1×10−31159.56936.431159.651128.16
7(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛油脂味,甜瓜香,蜡香,青草香,紫罗兰香,叶香,黄瓜香,热带水果香,果香,鸡肉香1.6×10−41043.61191717.54858.57
8(Z)-4-庚烯醛油味,油脂味,青草香,乳制品香,奶香味,奶油香2.5×10−5717.82584.811019.54913.65
92-辛烯醛油脂味,青草香,药草香2×10−4300.41293.53309.42254.76
10(Z)-6-壬烯醛青草香,黄瓜香,甜瓜香,哈密瓜香,白兰瓜香,蜡香,蔬菜香,鸢尾根香,紫罗兰香,叶香1.4×10−4300.3229.93116.7245.87
11癸醛甜香,醛类香,蜡香,橙皮香,柑橘香,花香1×10−4137.96190.11328.49212.35
12(E,E)-2,6-壬二烯醛清新感,柑橘香,青草香,黄瓜香,甜瓜香5×10−4205.91178.12227.95230.65
132-己烯醛甜香,杏仁香,果香,青草香,叶香,苹果香,李子香,蔬菜香1.7×10−2211.45170.76211.46205.72
14己醛醛类香,青草香,青草香,叶香,醋香5×10−374.765.38333.18308.84
154-甲氧基苯甲醛甜香,粉质感,含羞草香,花香,山楂香,巴萨米克醋香2×10−4152.16154.72152.64139.51
16(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛粉尘感,蜡香,油味,皂香7×10−5120.06106.22116.5142.11
17(E,Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛油炸感,油脂味,天竺葵香,青草香,蜡香7×10−5120.06106.22116.5142.11
18壬醛醛类香,柑橘香,橙皮香1×10−387.7983.2180.2675.36
19(E)-2-壬烯醛油脂味,青草香,黄瓜香,醛类香,柑橘香8×10−573.8757.286.680.66
202-壬烯醛油脂味,青草香,蜡香,黄瓜香,甜瓜香1×10−459.145.7669.2864.53
213-甲基-2-丁烯醛甜香,果香,刺鼻味,棕色系香气,坚果味,杏仁香,樱桃香5×10−416.1115.7930.0830.07
22(E)-2-辛烯醛清新感,黄瓜香,油脂味,青草香,药草香,香蕉香,蜡香,叶香[28]3×10−320.0319.5720.6316.98
233-甲硫基丁醛煮熟土豆味2.5×10−319.5118.2912.615.67
24(Z)-3-己烯醛青草香,油脂味,青草香,杂草香,果香,苹果香4×10−30.250.269.410.84
醇类(10种)
25苯甲硫醇尖刺味,葱蒜味,洋葱味,硫磺味,大蒜味,辣根味,薄荷香,咖啡香3×10−66779.066906.168932.069979.99
265-甲基-2-呋喃甲硫醇硫磺味,烤香,咖啡香5×10−5105.74116.23134.64125.18
27反式,顺式-2,6-壬二烯-1-醇青草香,黄瓜香,油味,紫罗兰香,叶香1×10−372.458.88104.89111.13
282-十一醇清新感,蜡香,洁净感,布料香,棉香,洋菝葜香8.6×10−37.21−120.567.25
29(Z)-5-辛烯-1-醇青草香,甜瓜香,水感,西瓜香,泥土味,蘑菇香,紫罗兰香,叶香,鱼腥味,皂香2×10−350.9741.1310.5818.12
303-呋喃甲醇无气味4.501×10−320.3817.9515.9436.12
312,2-二甲基-3-戊醇无气味4.1×10−2−−−42.87
321-辛烯-3-醇油脂味,果香,青草香,蘑菇香,香水感,甜香1×10−314.2915.0411.1616.79
336-十一醇无气味8.6×10−32.870.7242.943.47
34[R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-丁二醇无气味9.51×10−23.082.211.7910.91
萜类(8种)
35β-紫罗兰酮花香,木香,甜香,果香,浆果香,热带水果香,蜂蜡香7×10−6446880.62506957.58244234.27438643.66
36(E)-β-紫罗兰酮干燥感,粉质感,花香,木香,鸢尾根香2×10−415640.8217743.528548.215352.53
372,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-甲醛热带水果香,藏红花香,药草香,清新感,玫瑰香,甜香,烟草香,大马士革酮香,果香3×10−3112.67129.8565.190.32
38大根香叶烯D木香,辛香1.2×10−352.2758.2139.9552.81
39香叶醇甜香,花香,果香,玫瑰香,蜡香,柑橘香6.6×10−319.2820.2314.8325.65
40(S)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛无气味3×10−26.0919.6814.1137.6
41香茅醛甜香,干燥感,花香,药草香,蜡香,醛类香,柑橘香6×10−23.059.847.0518.8
42(-)-乙酸香芹酯青草香,薄荷香,留兰香,旱金莲香,药草香,朗姆酒香,葡萄香,梨香,辛香1.5×10−38.696.79−15.8
酮类(8种)
431-壬烯-3-酮刺鼻味,蘑菇香1×10−69429.759297.387626.467414.14
442,2,6-三甲基环己酮刺鼻味,侧柏酮香,劳丹脂香,蜂蜜香,岩蔷薇香1×10−4713.67688.95689.22660.75
451-己烯-3-酮熟味,蔬菜香,金属味2×10−57.87−927.831013.08
46(E,E)-3,5-辛二烯-2-酮果香,青草香,青草香5×10−4613.28542.04136.1204.24
472-十一酮蜡香,果香,奶油香,油脂味,鸢尾根香,花香6.2×10−351.310.791149.6681.93
485-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮辛香9.7×10−318.9515.6620.7822.4
493-壬酮焦糖香,辛香,甜香[29]1.7×10−213.178.3311.6310.84
501-(3-吡啶基)乙酮甜香,坚果味,干燥感,山楂香,苯酚香,木香,爆米
花香
5×10−115.637.85.229.88
酯类(7种)
513-环己烯甲酸乙酯无气味3×10−644684.0353642.21146523.47136913.38
523-甲基丁酸-2-苯乙酯花香,果香,甜香,玫瑰香,桃子香,杏子香1×10−52308.612543.671830.792540.69
532-甲基丁酸丙酯酒味,果香,苹果香,菠萝香2×10−4126.69135.1576.1188.08
54丙酸己酯梨香,青草香,果香,霉味,腐烂味8×10−396.7572.7242.5881.34
55顺式-3-己烯基异戊酸酯清新感,青草香,苹果香,果香,热带水果香,菠萝香2×10−219.7718.7718.5719.27
56Z-4-癸烯酸甲酯果香,梨香,芒果香,鱼腥味,桃皮香,青草香3×10−313.9610.8610.814.46
57乙酸-2-戊酯药草香,杂草香,霉味,青草香,蔬菜香,坚果皮香,豆香,酮类香,动物感香气1.5×10−211.8512.1610.7110.41
杂环化合物(5种)
582-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基丙基)吡嗪霉味,青草香,豌豆香,格蓬香,灯笼椒香,胡椒香2×10−634941.5227350.5710608.5910925.62
592,5-二甲基噻吩坚果味,硫磺味5×10−4173.05310.09507.61744.95
60三甲基恶唑坚果味,坚果皮香,烤香,芥末香,贝类香,芥末香,蔬菜香5×10−331.1331.8929.3925.35
612-乙基呋喃化学味,豆香,飘逸感,可可香,面包香,麦芽香,咖啡香,坚果味2.3×10−39.659.8812.3520.27
62四氢-3a-甲基-1,3-二硫并[4,5-b]呋喃煮熟味,奶香味,鸡肉香,煮熟牛肉香,橡胶味,硫磺味,硫胺素味6×10−37.959.7914.1514.77
酚类(3种)
63愈创木酚坚果味1.6×10−3135.96123.51164.69148.54
642-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚辛香,葡萄干香3×10−312.337.8922.6615.49
652,4-二氯苯酚无气味1.4×10−312.3811.714.4316.97
含硫化合物(2种)
66二丙基二硫醚硫磺味,泥土味,焦糊味,青草香,洋葱味1.95×10−22159.151932.83900.311497.3
67硫氰酸苄酯无气味5×10−310.327.036.6110.45
芳烃类(1种)
684-苯基-1-环己烯无气味1×10−22.42.1923.411.23
含氮化合物(1种)
69十二腈柑橘香,橙子香,果皮香,金属感,辛香9×10−5632.36654.54189.61574.18
醚类(1种)
70烯丙基甲基硫醚硫磺味,葱蒜味,洋葱味,香料香5×10−429.721.3747.8754.03
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基于HS-SPME-GC-MS解析泸西不同品种细香葱挥发性代谢物差异
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肖垒 , 盛庆 , 董瑞婕 , 田文怀 , 彭良琦 , 王悦 , 胡紫妍 , 丁玉梅 *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(5): 359-368
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (5) : 359 -368
基于HS-SPME-GC-MS解析泸西不同品种细香葱挥发性代谢物差异
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肖垒 , 盛庆, 董瑞婕, 田文怀, 彭良琦, 王悦, 胡紫妍, 丁玉梅*
作者信息
  • 云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明 650201
通讯作者:
丁玉梅(1975−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:果蔬采后品质调控,E-mail:。
作者简介:

肖垒(2002−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:果蔬采后保鲜,E-mail:

Analysis of Volatile Metabolite Differences in Different Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) Cultivars from Luxi Using HS-SPME-GC-MS
Lei XIAO , Qing SHENG, Ruijie DONG, Wenhuai TIAN, Liangqi PENG, Yue WANG, Ziyan HU, Yumei DING*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070167
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本研究采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,对云南泸西4个品种细香葱:‘白葱’‘黑葱’‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’的挥发性风味成分进行分析检测。结果表明,共鉴定出15类797种挥发性化合物,其中物质种类最为丰富的是酯类、萜类和醇类,分别为140种、123种和97种,而物质含量最高是含硫化合物、酮类和萜类物质,总含量分别为128.51、107.27和106.39 mg/kg,其中二丙基二硫醚为重要标志物,贡献青草香、洋葱味和硫磺味,并且以VIP>1、P<0.05为条件筛选出166种主要差异香气物质;除此之外,对四个品种细香葱中OAV>10的挥发性物质进行正交偏最小二乘判别(OPLS-DA)分析,由VIP>1并且P<0.05得到22种香气物质,其中香茅醛和(S)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛的VIP值最高(2.62),为重要香气差异物;并且进一步对22种香气物质进行分析,发现青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味和薄荷味是细香葱中主要的香气特征,其中‘白葱’和‘黑葱’表现出突出的青草香。‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’表现出突出硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、蔬菜香、坚果香和叶香,并且‘铁杆红葱’表现出的坚果香最为突出。本研究旨在为泸西细香葱品种品质评价提供科学依据,进一步为多样化泸西不同细香葱风味筛选和泸西细香葱深加工的开发利用奠定基础。

细香葱  /  挥发性物质  /  气味活性值  /  顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)

This study employed headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to analyze the volatile flavor profiles of four chive cultivars ('White Chive''Black Chive''Local Red Chive' and 'Tiegan Red Chive') from the Luxi region of Yunnan. A total of 797 volatile compounds across 15 classes were identified. Esters (140), terpenoids (123), and alcohols (97) were the most abundant in variety, while sulfur-containing compounds (128.51 mg/kg), ketones (107.27 mg/kg), and terpenoids (106.39 mg/kg) were the highest in content, and 166 differential aroma compounds were selected using the cutoff of variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 with a P value<0.05. Dipropyl disulfide was identified as key odorants contributing to grassy, onion, and sulfur notes. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of compounds with OAV>10 revealed 22 significant aroma compounds (VIP>1, P<0.05), among them, citronellal and (S)-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal exhibited the highest VIP values (2.62) and were identified as critical aroma differential compounds. Further analysis characterized the primary aroma attributes as grassy, sulfurous, coffee, and minty. 'White Chive' and 'Black Chive' exhibited prominent grassy notes, whereas 'Local Red Chive' and 'Tiegan Red Chive' displayed stronger sulfurous, coffee, minty, vegetal, nutty, and leafy aromas, with 'Tiegan Red Chive' having the most distinct nutty character. This study has not only provided a scientific basis for flavor quality evaluation, but also has laid a foundation for the diversified flavor selection and deep processing of Luxi chives.

Allium schoenoprasum L.  /  volatile substances  /  odor activity value  /  headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)
肖垒, 盛庆, 董瑞婕, 田文怀, 彭良琦, 王悦, 胡紫妍, 丁玉梅. 基于HS-SPME-GC-MS解析泸西不同品种细香葱挥发性代谢物差异. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 359 -368 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070167
Lei XIAO, Qing SHENG, Ruijie DONG, Wenhuai TIAN, Liangqi PENG, Yue WANG, Ziyan HU, Yumei DING. Analysis of Volatile Metabolite Differences in Different Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) Cultivars from Luxi Using HS-SPME-GC-MS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 359 -368 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070167
近年来,随着健康饮食理念的普及,兼具营养与调味功能的蔬菜受到广泛关注[1]。葱属(Allium L.)植物属于百合科(Liliaceae),多年生鳞茎草本植物,叶鞘组成的假茎(俗称葱白)、鳞茎、嫩叶或气生鳞茎供食用。根据全球生物多样性信息系统,目前全球葱属植物有1222种,主要包括青葱、洋葱、大蒜、韭等[2]。不同种类葱属植物中的挥发性风味物质主要包括硫醚类、醛类、醇类、酮类、酯类以及杂环类化合物等,其中硫醚类化合物是其特征风味的重要来源,赋予典型的辛辣刺激性和葱香;醛类化合物则贡献青草香,并与其他各类化合物共同形成复杂风味体系[3]。在细香葱中,挥发性风味物质以硫醚类化合物为主,包括二丙基二硫醚、二甲基三硫醚、1-甲乙基-丙基-二硫醚及甲基丙基二硫醚,这些物质共同形成其强烈的辛香和微甜风味;细香葱的挥发性风味物质与大类葱属植物并无明显差别,以二硫醚和三硫醚为主[4]。泸西细香葱作为云南特色的品种,种植规模日益扩大。泸西县位于云南省中东部、红河州北部,属北亚热带半湿润季风气候,泸西县最高海拔为2459 m、最低海拔为821 m,年平均气温15.5 ℃,昼夜温差大,年降雨量800~1000 mm[5−6]。云南省泸西县凭借得天独厚的自然条件,建立了泸西县的细香葱特色种植产业,截至2023年年底,其种植面积达13万亩,年产量116万吨,产值超35亿元,成为单品种植面积最大的香葱种植基地,并成为G20峰会和杭州亚运会的专供蔬菜[6]。据产业数据显示,目前主栽品种包括白葱、黑葱、本地红葱和铁杆红葱,细香葱的风味品质直接影响着食品的口感和消费者的接受度。然而,泸西4个品种细香葱挥发性物质组成不同,在风味呈现上存在着明显的差异。因此,以细香葱为起点,研究不同品种细香葱的挥发性物质组成,为后期的品种选育和深加工等研究提供理论依据,推动泸西香葱产业的发展。
近年来,方海田等[7]采用HS-SPME-GC-MS对宁夏同心红葱中挥发性成分进行分析,并与白葱和洋葱进行了比较,发现同心红葱与白葱、洋葱相比,其主要挥发性成分种类基本相同,其挥发性组分主要由醛类和含硫化合物组成,但是在含量上却有较大差异。Baky等[8]采用HS-SPME-GC-MS联用法,对7种葱属植物的挥发性物质进行分析,鉴定出148种挥发性物质,发现含硫化合物为主要区分的特征性挥发性物质,通过PCA和OPLS-DA等化学计量学分析对不同葱属植物进行了区分。如王斌等[9]采用ROAV结合AEDA分析确定了内蒙古野葱干中4种特征挥发性气味活性物质是二甲基三硫醚、乙酸、2,3-丁二醇和苯甲醛。王蓉等[10]研究发现白、红、黄皮洋葱主要的挥发性物质是含硫化合物和醇类,占总挥发性化合物的59.23%、77.46%和73.66%。
本研究采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,对四个品种细香葱的香气物质进行检测。该技术具有灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优势[11]。同时,采用主成分分析(PCA)、气味活度值(odor activityvalue,OAV)计算,筛选出重要风味物质,本研究基于OAV进行OPLS-DA,筛选出主要的香气类型,并对四个品种细香葱特征风味进行强弱描述,该方法暂未在细香葱中应用。关于泸西四个品种细香葱间品质特征与挥发性风味物质差异的研究仍属空白,限制了品种选育与深加工技术的优化。本研究旨在为种质资源评价提供科学依据,进一步为多样化不同细香葱风味筛选奠定基础。
白葱、黑葱、本地红葱、铁杆红葱 四个品种细香葱采集于云南省泸西县中枢镇文笔乡(东经103°41′~103°49′,北纬24°27′~24°35′,海拔1655~1955 m);氯化钠 分析纯,国药;正己烷 色谱纯,美国Merck公司;3-己酮 色谱纯,加拿大C/D/N ISOTopes公司。
8890-7000D气质联用仪、色谱柱DB-5MS (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)、萃取头(120 μm DVB/CWR/PDMS) 美国Agilent公司;MM400球磨仪 德国Retsch公司;MS105DU电子天平 瑞士METTLER TOLEDO公司;SPME Arrow固相微萃取装置、Fiber Conditioning Station老化装置、Agitator样品加热箱 瑞士CTC Analytics AG公司;CM-5色差仪 日本KONICA MINOLTA公司。
从−80 ℃冰箱中取出细香葱样品进行液氮研磨,涡旋混合均匀,每个样本称取约500 mg于顶空瓶中;分别加入2 mL饱和NaCl溶液,20 µL(10 mg/L)的3-己酮内标溶液;全自动顶空固相微萃取HS-SPME进行样本萃取,以供GC-MS分析。
采样前萃取头在250 ℃下老化5 min。在60 ℃恒温条件下,振荡5 min,120 µm DVB/CWR/PDMS的萃取头插入样品顶空瓶,顶空萃取15 min,于250 ℃下解析5 min,然后进行GC-MS分离鉴定。
DB-5MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气为高纯氦气(纯度≥99.999%),恒流流速1.2 mL/min,进样口温度250 ℃,不分流进样,溶剂延迟3.5 min。程序升温:40 ℃保持3.5 min,以10 ℃/min升至100 ℃,再以7 ℃/min升至180 ℃,最后以25 ℃/min升至280 ℃,保持5 min。
电子轰击离子源(EI),离子源温度230 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃,质谱接口温度280 ℃,电子能量70 eV,扫描方式为选择离子检测模式(SIM),定性定量离子精准扫描(GB 23200.8-2016)[12]。
采用内标法进行挥发性物质成分定量分析,计算公式为:
$\begin{split} & {\rm 挥发性物质相对含量(mg/kg)=}\\& {\rm \dfrac{挥发性化合物的峰面积 \times 内标物的体积(L) \times 内标物的浓度(mg/L)}{内标物的峰面积 \times 待测样品的量(kg)}}\end{split}$
OAV是结合化合物的感觉阈值建立的确定食品关键风味化合物的方法,用于阐明每种香气化合物对样品整体香气特征的贡献。参考相关文献[13−14]进行OAV分析,其计算公式如下:
$\rm 气味活度值 = \frac{挥发性化合物的相对含量(\mathrm{mg/kg})}{挥发性化合物的阈值(\mathrm{mg/kg})}$
每组样品做3次平行,使用MS Office Excel 2019和IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件对所测得数据结果进行整理和统计分析。使用迈维云平台(Metware Cloud,https://cloud.metware.cn)的云工具功能,选择所需进行分析的模块,进行正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA,orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis)、扇形图、柱状图以及聚类热图制作,由OPLS-DA模型得到的变量重要性投影(VIP)同时结合单变量ANOVA分析的P-value,筛选出4个品种细香葱差异的代谢物。采用Origin 2021软件对OAV数据进行分析并绘制雷达图。
细香葱的风味品质直接影响着食品的口感和消费者的接受度。然而,泸西4个品种细香葱在风味呈现上存在着明显的差异,这些风味差异源于其挥发性物质组成不同。4个品种细香葱的挥发性化合物采用HS-SPME-GC-MS进行检测和分析。从4个品种细香葱中鉴定出797种挥发性化合物。检测到的挥发性化合物被分为15类,分别为酯类、萜类、醇类、酮类、杂环类、醛类、烃类、酸类、胺类、酚类、芳烃类、醚类、含氮化合物、含硫化合物和卤代烃。在这些化合物中,酯类数量最多,共有140种,占总挥发性化合物数量的17.57%,其次是萜类化合物(123种)、醇类(97种)、酮类(94种)、杂环化合物(75种)和醛类(73种),分别占总数的15.43%、12.17%、11.79%、9.41%和9.16%,它们共同占总挥发性化合物的70%以上。剩余的187种挥发性化合物属于烃(63种)、酸(37种)、胺(23种)、酚(20种)、芳烃类(14种)、醚(13种)、含氮化合物(12种)、含硫化合物(8种)和卤代烃(5种),分别占总数的7.90%、4.64%、2.89%、2.51%、1.76%、1.63%、1.51%、1.00%和0.63%(图1a)。
如图1b所示,挥发性物质中含硫化合物的含量最高,总含量为128.51 mg/kg,是细香葱的主要挥发性成分,在细香葱被切开或受损时,大量释放,刺激嗅觉神经,产生强烈刺鼻感,这些含硫化合物的辛香和刺激性气味在葱的气味中起到增强风味、刺激食欲的作用,是葱作为调味料的重要气味特征[15−18],这与汪潇等[19]、刘松忠[20]等和刘源等[21]的研究一致。其次是酮类和萜类化合物,总含量分别为107.27、106.39 mg/kg。另外是杂环化合物、酯类、醇类、醛类、烃类、胺类,这些化合物至少占挥发性化合物的70%。相反,酚类、含氮化合物、卤代烃、芳烃类化合物的含量较低,在所有细香葱中的含量均低于1.50 mg/kg。通过挥发性物质含量分析,不同细香葱的挥发性成分的总含量存在差异,4个品种细香葱的挥发性成分的含量均超过160.00 mg/kg,其中‘铁杆红葱’的香气含量最高,为190.01 mg/kg,明显高于其他细香葱,香气特征突出,说明‘铁杆红葱’的香气相较于其他细香葱更为丰富,其次是‘白葱’和‘黑葱’,‘本地红葱’的香气含量最低,为161.25 mg/kg。
本研究分别筛选了4个品种细香葱中含量排名前10具有特殊香气的挥发性成分,如图1c所示,具有青草香、硫磺香和葱蒜香的二丙基二硫醚、呈甜香和柠檬香的(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二醛以及呈烘焙香和可可香的2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪在‘白葱’中含量丰富,并且‘白葱’中呈甜香和坚果香的1-(3-吡啶基)乙酮、呈油漆香的2-乙基己酸、呈果香和柑橘香的辛酸甲酯以及具有独特香气的呈雪松叶香的(-)-α-侧柏酮明显高于其他品种细香葱;具有花香、木质香和果香的β-紫罗兰酮和(E)-β-紫罗兰酮在‘黑葱’中含量最高;具有青草香、药草香和果香的(E)-2-己烯醛、2-己烯醛和己醛在‘本地红葱’中含量最高,并且‘本地红葱’中呈椰子香的四氢-6-丙基-2H-吡喃-2-酮以及具有蜡质香、果香和脂肪香的2-十一酮和2-十三酮明显高于其他品种细香葱;甜香、花香和药草香的香茅醛在铁杆红葱中含量更丰富。排名前10的挥发性成分大多具有青草香、花香、甜香和果香,其含量分别占4个品种细香葱香气总含量的28.25%~39.65%,是赋予4个品种细香葱青草香、花香和甜香属性的物质基础。
基于VIP>1,P<0.05,总共鉴定出166种差异挥发性物质,其中大部分被聚类为酯(33种)、萜类(31种)、杂环化合物(23种)、酮(19种)、醇(15种)、烃(13种)、醛(10种)、胺(6种)、含硫化合物(4种)、酸(4种)、芳烃类(2种)、醚(2种)、含氮化合物(2种)、酚(1种)和卤代烃(1种)(图2,附表1,附表1详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。
酯类物质来源于原料中天然含有或原料中醇和酸反应生成的[9]。在33种酯类差异代谢物中,辛酸甲酯、(Z)-3-己基丙酸酯、2-甲基-2-丁烯酸-2-甲基丙基酯、(E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸-2-甲基丙酯在‘白葱’中含量最高,其中辛酸甲酯达1.585 mg/kg,赋予了‘白葱’果香和柑橘香。2-辛基甲基氟膦酸酯和具有椰子香、奶油香和甜香的δ-壬内酯在‘黑葱’中含量最高。3-环己烯甲酸乙酯、4-戊烯乙酸酯、1(3H)-异苯并呋喃酮等7种挥发性物质在‘本地红葱’中含量更丰富。2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-3,3,5-三甲基环己酯、异硫氰酸异丁酯、2-甲基丙酸-2-甲基丁酯等20种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’中含量最高,主要贡献热带水果、辛辣刺鼻和青草药草香的香气,其中2-甲基丙酸-2-甲基丁酯含量达0.066 mg/kg,贡献果香、热带水果香和香蕉香。
萜烯类化合物是植物中一类重要的次生代谢产物,由异戊二烯单元组成的化合物及其衍生物[22]。在31种萜类差异代谢物中,2,3-脱氢-1,8-桉树脑在‘白葱’中含量最高。1,3,8-对薄荷三烯、香叶酸、马鞭草酚等6种挥发性物质在‘本地红葱’中含量最高,具有药草香、木质香、松脂香和樟脑香的1,3,8-对薄荷三烯赋予了‘本地红葱’独特的香气。香茅醛、(S)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛和反式-5-甲基-2-(1-甲基乙基)环己酮等24种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’中更加丰富,赋予了‘铁杆红葱’薄荷香、药草香、果香和甜润花香,其中香茅醛的含量最高达1.128 mg/kg,分别是‘白葱’‘黑葱’和‘本地红葱’的6.2、1.9和2.7倍,贡献甜香、花香、药草香、蜡质香和柑橘香。
在4个品种细香葱中有24种杂环类差异挥发性物质,2-甲基咪唑、4-(氨基甲基)吡啶、2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基丙基)吡嗪等6种挥发性物质在‘白葱’中含量最高,具有青草香、豌豆香和甜椒味的2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基丙基)吡嗪是形成‘白葱’的青草香的主要物质,含量为0.070 mg/kg,刘松忠等[20]在章丘大梧桐葱和隆尧鸡腿葱中也发现了该物质,但未对香气进行分析。6-硝基-2-甲基吡啶在‘黑葱’中含量最高,为0.013 mg/kg。具有生香、土豆香的2-乙氧基-3-乙基吡嗪和具有果香、酒香、甜香和辛香的2-正丁基呋喃在‘本地红葱’含量最高。2-甲基-1H-吡咯、7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷、2,5-二甲基噻吩等15种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’中更加丰富,其中2,5-二甲基噻吩、2,4-二甲基噻吩和3,4-二甲基噻吩是葱属植物蒸馏油中二烷基二硫化物的热分解产物[23],共同形成了‘铁杆红葱’的坚果香和硫磺味。值得注意的是,具有鸡肉味、熟牛肉味和硫磺味的四氢-3a-甲基-1,3-二硫并[4,5-b]呋喃含量达0.089 mg/kg,推测‘铁杆红葱’可用于肉类风味食用香精调配,增强自然烹饪肉香。
酮类化合物是葱属植物中又一类重要的挥发性成分,酮类物质具有果香和青草样香气。在19种酮类差异代谢物中,3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮、3-壬酮、1-(2-呋喃基)-1-丁酮、二氢-3-亚甲基-2(3H)-呋喃酮在‘白葱’中更丰富,其中呈焦糖香、辣味和甜香的3-壬酮含量为0.224 mg/kg,分别是‘黑葱’‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’的1.6、1.1和1.2倍。6,7-十二烷二酮、2,5-己二酮和2-十二酮在‘黑葱’中含量最高,分别为0.340、0.104和0.021 mg/kg,其中2-十二酮贡献花香、果香、柑橘香和橙子香。6-溴-2-己酮在‘本地红葱’含量最高。1-环丙基-1-丙酮、3,4,5,6,7,8-六氢-2(1H)-萘酮、(2R-顺式)-5-甲基-2-(1-甲基乙基)环己酮等11种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’含量最高,其中呈熟味、蔬菜香、金属味的1-己烯-3-酮、呈薄荷香的(2R-顺式)-5-甲基-2-(1-甲基乙基)环己酮、呈刺鼻味和蔬菜香的4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮,赋予了‘铁杆红葱’清香和辛辣刺鼻的属性。
醇类物质是细香葱中较为重要的一类化合物。在15种醇类差异代谢物中,具有玫瑰花香、脂肪香的苯甲醇在‘白葱’中最高。(E)-3-甲基戊-1,3-二烯-5-醇、(S)-2-庚醇、2-庚醇和1-甲基环己醇在‘本地红葱’中含量最高,2-庚醇贡献蘑菇香和果香。8,8-二甲氧基-2,6-二甲基-2-辛醇、(Z)-3-己烯醇、(E)-3-己烯醇等10种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’中含量最高,主要贡献青草香、药草香和蔬菜香,其中(Z)-3-己烯醇、(E)-3-己烯醇含量达0.239 mg/kg。
在4个品种细香葱中有13种烃类差异挥发性物质,其中3-乙基-2-甲基-1,3-己二烯在‘黑葱’中含量最高。十二烷、、(E)-2-十四碳烯和2-甲基十三烷在‘黑葱’中含量最丰富,十二烷和1-十四烯含量分别为0.181、0.028 mg/kg,贡献淡淡的蜡质香。(1,1-二甲基丙基)环己烷、(Z)-4-乙基-3-壬烯-5-炔、(E)-4-乙基-3-壬烯-5-炔在‘本地红葱’中含量最高。3-乙基-2-甲基己烷、1-庚炔、(Z)-3-甲基-4-十一碳烯在‘铁杆红葱’中含量最高,其中壬烷贡献油脂香和亚麻籽香。
醛类属于挥发性羰基化合物,也会产生浓郁的香味[24],4-亚甲基-5-己醛在‘本地红葱’中含量最高,具有青草香和果香的(Z)-3-己烯醛、具有叶香和甜瓜香的3-己烯醛等9种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’中含量最高,(Z)-3-己烯醛、3-己烯醛含量达0.043 mg/kg,赋予了‘铁杆红葱’清新果香。
植物中的胺类化合物是一类含氮的有机化合物,由氨基酸脱羧或醛类转氨等生物合成途径在植物体内产生[25],6种胺类差异挥发性物质均低于0.050 mg/kg。对异丙氧基苯胺在‘本地红葱’中含量最高。1-十二胺、N,N-二甲基己酰胺、苯丙胺等5种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’中含量最高。
含硫化合物能产生原生的、浓郁的辛香味,稍带有硫磺的气味[7]。4个品种细香葱中共检出8种含硫化合物,这类化合物是葱属植物特征风味的重要来源[3],其中4种为差异挥发性物质,包括甲基丙基二硫醚、甲基丙基三硫化物、甲基丙烯基二硫醚和烯丙基甲基二硫醚,主要贡献硫磺味、洋葱香、萝卜香和番茄香,均在‘铁杆红葱’含量最高,含量分别为0.507、0.073、0.053和0.053 mg/kg,形成了‘铁杆红葱’硫磺味和洋葱香的物质基础。
3-呋喃甲酸在‘黑葱’中含量最高。2-甲基丁酸酐在‘黑葱’中含量最丰富,为0.136 mg/kg。2-羟基-2-甲基丙酸、具有酸味和果香的二乙基乙酸在‘铁杆红葱’中含量最高。
在细香葱中芳烃类、醚、含氮化合物、酚和卤代烃含量较低。其中,1-碘壬烷在‘黑葱’中含量最高。1-硝基戊烷、4-亚甲基-5-己醛在‘本地红葱’中含量最高。己醛二甲基缩醛、1-(3-甲基丁基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、1,1-双(2-甲基丙基)肼等5种挥发性物质在‘铁杆红葱’中含量最高,其中对羟基苯乙烯贡献木质香,(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)苯贡献青草香和花香。
OAV大于1的化合物被认为对整体风味具有贡献,且数值越大其香气的贡献就越大[26]。4个品种细香葱共筛选出147个OAV>1的挥发性化合物,其中OAV>10的香气成分,‘白葱’有58个,‘黑葱’54个,‘本地红葱’64个,‘铁杆红葱’67个,这些挥发性化合物可能对不同品种细香葱的香气特征具有重要作用。如表1所示,4个品种细香葱中OAV>10的香气成分共有70种。这些挥发性化合物包括醛类(24种)、醇类(10种)、萜类(8种)、酮类(8种)、酯类(7种)、杂环化合物(5种)、酚类(3种)、含硫化合物(2种)、芳烃类(1种)、含氮化合物(1种)和醚类(1种)。β-紫罗兰酮、3-环己烯甲酸乙酯、2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基丙基)吡嗪、(E)-β-紫罗兰酮和(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛的OAV>10000,这些成分在含量和香气强度上表现都很突出,大多呈现出青草香、花香和果香的气味,对细香葱香气特征的贡献较大。其中,β-紫罗兰酮在4个品种细香葱中OAV最高,且均大于100000,有花香、木质香、甜香、果香和蜂蜡香,是泸西4个品种细香葱的主要关键风味物质,为标志性成分。Xie等[27]提出韭菜中“花香”气味主要由β-紫罗兰酮(OAV=19.95)组成,这是一种环化异戊二烯,广泛存在于水果和蔬菜中。
进一步对4个品种细香葱中OAV>10的香气成分进行OPLS-DA分析,由VIP>1并且P<0.05得到22种香气物质,即6种醛类、5种杂环类、4种萜类、3种醇类、3种酮类和1种酯类,其中‘白葱’‘黑葱’均有14种,‘本地红葱’有18种,‘铁杆红葱’有22种(图3)。4个品种细香葱中关键风味物质组成不同,这些成分混合在一起构成了4个品种细香葱独特的风味。值得注意的是,香茅醛和(S)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛的VIP值最高(2.62),并且在含量上也有差异(附表1,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版),表明这2种香气物质对不同品种细香葱的区分起重要作用。除此之外,结合含量和OAV,呈青草香和甜椒香的2-甲氧基-3-(1-甲基丙基)吡嗪、呈焦糖香和辛香的3-壬酮在‘白葱’中含量和OAV最高。呈熟味和蔬菜香的1-己烯-3-酮、呈坚果香和硫磺味的2,5-二甲基噻吩、呈甜香和花果香的香叶醇、呈青草香和药草香的(-)-乙酸香芹酯、呈熟味和肉味的四氢-3a-甲基-1,3-二硫并[4,5-b]呋喃、呈青草香和脂肪香的(Z)-3-己烯醛均在‘铁杆红葱’中最丰富,含量和OAV高于其他3种细香葱。
根据22种挥发性物质的香气描述,将这些挥发性物质分为9个香气类型,即青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、蔬菜香、坚果香、药草香、脂肪香和叶香,挥发性化合物的香气特征OAV累加,得出4个品种细香葱特征风味的强弱描述,并绘制香气雷达图(图4)。‘白葱’的主要香气类型为青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、药草香和脂肪香;‘黑葱’的主要香气类型为青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、坚果香、药草香和脂肪香;‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’的主要香气类型为青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、蔬菜香、坚果香、叶香、药草香和脂肪香。在4个品种细香葱中,青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味为最突出的香气特征,在‘白葱’中的香气物质OAV累加值最高,其次是‘黑葱’和‘铁杆红葱’,‘本地红葱’中的香气物质OAV累加值最低。‘白葱’和‘黑葱’表现出更为突出的青草香,并且‘白葱’中的青草香高于其他3个细香葱品种。‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’表现出更为突出硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、蔬菜香和叶香。此外,与其他3个品种细香葱相比,‘铁杆红葱’表现出更为突出的坚果香。相似的是,Xie等[27]对韭菜中挥发性化合物的气味活性值(OAV)进行分析,将韭菜的挥发性化合物香气类型分为花香、脂肪香、蒜葱香、青草香、甜香和果香六类。对细香葱的OAV值进行分析,有利于深入研究细香葱的香气,也可以为细香葱的优质育种提供理论指导。
通过对泸西地区4个品种细香葱‘白葱’‘黑葱’‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’的挥发性物质进行了检测分析。4个品种细香葱香气成分种类上相似,共鉴定出797种挥发性化合物,但在含量上差异显著。其中以含硫化合物、萜类和酮类为主要的挥发性物质,这些挥发性物质的香气多以刺激性辛香、清新药草香为主,柔和甜香为辅,占香气总量的45.80%~52.24%。含硫化合物为细香葱中含量最高的关键成分,二丙基二硫醚占含硫化合物的58.09%~83.10%,认为是细香葱中重要的标志物,这与前人研究的结果一致。基于VIP>1,P<0.05,总共鉴定出1-环丙基-1-丙酮、3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮、3-甲基环戊酮、2-甲基环戊酮、香茅醛等166种15类差异挥发性物质,占挥发性化合物总数量的20.83%,可用于4个品种细香葱的区分。通过OAV结合OPLS-DA筛选出22种关键风味物质,分析这些物质的香气特征进一步发现4个品种细香葱都具有青草香、硫磺味、咖啡味、薄荷味、蔬菜香、坚果香、药草香、脂肪香和叶香,‘白葱’和‘黑葱’表现出更为突出的青草香,‘本地红葱’和‘铁杆红葱’表现出更为突出的硫磺味、咖啡味和薄荷味。此外,与其他3个品种细香葱相比,‘铁杆红葱’具有更为突出的坚果香。β-紫罗兰酮在所有细香葱中OAV>100000,是4个品种细香葱的关键香气成分,为整体香气贡献花香、木质香、甜香、果香和蜂蜡香。而呈甜香、花香和药草香的香茅醛和(S)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醛VIP值最高,并且在含量上也有差异,对不同品种细香葱的区分起重要作用。
综上所述,泸西4个品种细香葱挥发性物质的组成差异,共同形成了不同细香葱独特的风味特征。这些结果不仅验证了葱属植物挥发性物质的普遍规律,还揭示了泸西4个品种细香葱间的风味差异,为种质资源评价提供科学依据,进一步为多样化不同细香葱风味筛选奠定基础,推动泸西香葱产业的发展。挥发性物质的差异可能与土壤条件、气候条件、栽培条件等方面有关,今后可从多因素环境控制实验、结合遗传组学研究等方向开展研究,进一步明晰造成风味差异的原因。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070167
  • 接收时间:2025-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-14
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    云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明 650201

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丁玉梅(1975−),女,博士,研究员,研究方向:果蔬采后品质调控,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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