Article(id=1320882080137982437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881884691808691, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070132, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752076800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852428707, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1782835200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852428707, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852428707, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852428707, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881884691808691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='522', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782835200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852382109, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852382109, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=291, endPage=301, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882080364474854, articleId=1320882080137982437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Different Parts of Pholiota adiposa Fruiting Body, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

An integrated strategy that combining untargeted metabolomics based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), targeted amino acid analysis and chemometrics was developed to achieve the metabolic profiling analysis of different parts (pileus and stipe) of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body. The HRMS data of Pholiota adiposa were acquired in positive ion mode and directly analyze by AntDAS-DDA, a recently developed automatic data analysis software in chemometrics. In addition, the contents of 16 free amino acids in the samples were quantified according to the national standard methods. The metabolomics characteristics across different parts of the Pholiota adiposa fruiting body were investigated using heatmap analysis, radar chart analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that a total of 73 involatile differential metabolites were identified, encompassing amino acids, nucleotides, purines, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, etc., 12 of those compounds were further verified by standards. Except for tryptophan, which was more abundant in the stipe, contents of lysine, histidine, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, vitamin B5, and vitamin B2 were consistently slightly higher in the pileus than in stipe. Nucleotides such as adenosine and guanosine, along with purines like guanine and hypoxanthine, also showed higher content in the pileus. Umami amino acids were the most abundant category across all parts of the Pholiota adiposa fruiting body, constituting over 30% of the total free amino acids. Notably, the content of umami amino acids in the pileus was significantly higher than in the stipe. the pileus, stipe and whole fruiting body of Pholiota adiposa could each be clearly clustered and distinguished. This research provides a scientific basis for the identification of nutritional characteristics and resource utilization of different parts of Pholiota adiposa, while offering a novel analytical strategy for studying chemical components in other edible fungi.

, authors=Shufang LI1, *, Yuanyuan LI1, Wenbin LIU1, Shuhui FENG1, Yaqin YANG1, Yongjian HU1, Xuefei HAO1, Weili KONG2, Yongjie YU3, authorsList=Shufang LI, Yuanyuan LI, Wenbin LIU, Shuhui FENG, Yaqin YANG, Yongjian HU, Xuefei HAO, Weili KONG, Yongjie YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shufang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882082214162933, articleId=1320882080137982437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=黄伞菌子实体不同部位代谢轮廓分析, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(UHPLC-HRMS)的非靶向代谢组学技术、靶向氨基酸分析技术结合化学计量学方法,对黄伞菌子实体的菌盖及菌柄等部位进行了代谢轮廓分析。黄伞菌样本高分辨质谱数据在正离子模式下采集,经化学计量学领域最新发展的自动化分析软件AntDAS-DDA直接解析。依据国家标准方法定量分析黄伞菌样本中16种游离氨基酸的含量。通过热图分析、雷达图、层次聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)等方法,研究了黄伞菌子实体不同部位的代谢组学特征。结果表明:共鉴定出73种非挥发性差异化合物,涵盖氨基酸类、核苷酸类、嘌呤类、生物碱类、萜类、脂类等。其中,12种化合物经标准品验证。除色氨酸含量菌柄大于菌盖之外,赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、维生素B5和维生素B2含量菌盖均略高于菌柄。腺苷、鸟苷等核苷酸类物质以及鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤等嘌呤类化合物在菌盖中的含量也显著高于菌柄。黄伞菌子实体各部位样品中,鲜味氨基酸含量均呈现最高,占游离氨基酸总量的30%以上。菌盖的鲜味氨基酸含量明显高于菌柄。黄伞菌的菌盖、菌柄、子实体样本能够各自显著聚类并区分。该研究为黄伞菌不同部位的营养特征识别及资源利用提供了科学依据,并为其他食用菌的化学成分分析提供新策略。

, authors=李淑芳1, *, 李圆圆1, 刘文斌1, 冯书惠1, 杨亚琴1, 胡永建1, 郝学飞1, 孔维丽2, 于永杰3, authorsList=李淑芳, 李圆圆, 刘文斌, 冯书惠, 杨亚琴, 胡永建, 郝学飞, 孔维丽, 于永杰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李淑芳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李淑芳(1982−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:化学计量学仪器分析新方法,E-mail:。
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Food Science, 2019, 40(10): 243−250., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882082436461046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882082444849655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, companyId=1320882082436461046, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882082453238264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, companyId=1320882082436461046, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河南省农业科学院农产品质量安全研究所,河南郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882082511958521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882082520347130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, companyId=1320882082511958521, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Edible Fungi, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882082528735739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, companyId=1320882082511958521, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河南省农业科学院食用菌研究所,河南郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882082595844604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882082604233213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, companyId=1320882082595844604, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882082612621822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, companyId=1320882082595844604, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3宁夏医科大学药学院,宁夏银川 750004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882089143153206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Solvent extraction comparison for Pholiota adiposa fruiting body, figureFileSmall=WOLDHJcMf2KnGBGa5erfyg==, figureFileBig=W30pFUVZSAM+V5/3pCylQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089239622199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同溶剂提取黄伞菌子实体的比较, figureFileSmall=WOLDHJcMf2KnGBGa5erfyg==, figureFileBig=W30pFUVZSAM+V5/3pCylQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089432560184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Illustration of UHPLC-HRMS data analysis by AntDAS-DDA, figureFileSmall=pRwZE0lZQWBRg4QeBC7SpQ==, figureFileBig=kgC7L62Jz7ki4/YXvlEFDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089512251961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=图2, caption=利用AntDAS-DDA进行UHPLC-HRMS数据分析示例

注:a:黄伞菌不同部位样本的总离子流色谱图;b:基于质控(QC)样本的色谱峰面相对标准偏差(RSD);c:EIC色谱峰提取结果;d:AntDAS-DDA构建的化合物质谱谱图鉴别结果。

, figureFileSmall=pRwZE0lZQWBRg4QeBC7SpQ==, figureFileBig=kgC7L62Jz7ki4/YXvlEFDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089570972218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Categorization of 73 compounds identified by AntDAS-DDA, figureFileSmall=8vM2S9TN6Krc23Xcg5zWzg==, figureFileBig=72v+P2hbfUybIIuMzONkIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089638081083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=图3, caption=AntDAS-DDA鉴定的73种化合物的分类, figureFileSmall=8vM2S9TN6Krc23Xcg5zWzg==, figureFileBig=72v+P2hbfUybIIuMzONkIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089700995644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Heatmap analysis results of the identified significant differential non-metabolites in different parts of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body, figureFileSmall=X6kKvBVdgUNu2P/0zVaygg==, figureFileBig=faySvM7EkyTZc9pjCb4QMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089759715901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=图4, caption=鉴定的非挥发性差异化合物在黄伞菌子实体不同部位的热图分析结果

注:图中化合物编号对应表1中化合物序号。

, figureFileSmall=X6kKvBVdgUNu2P/0zVaygg==, figureFileBig=faySvM7EkyTZc9pjCb4QMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089835213374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Peak areas of 12 different metabolites in different parts of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body, figureFileSmall=pxtulwVqSddGAYi6TXzj8A==, figureFileBig=lqDVMSFu3d+Cyk8ICnHBqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089889739327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=图5, caption=12种差异性成分在黄伞菌不同部位样本中的峰面积分布, figureFileSmall=pxtulwVqSddGAYi6TXzj8A==, figureFileBig=lqDVMSFu3d+Cyk8ICnHBqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882089948459584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Radar chart of free amino acids in different parts of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body, figureFileSmall=gzh5C/ksoG5IWlFv2Ocxag==, figureFileBig=vXMqcfhB7mMjeiL4NSId9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882090007179842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=图6, caption=黄伞菌不同部位样本游离氨基酸雷达图, figureFileSmall=gzh5C/ksoG5IWlFv2Ocxag==, figureFileBig=vXMqcfhB7mMjeiL4NSId9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882090082677315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Cluster analysis results of different parts of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body, figureFileSmall=k3u8lYIMPyL6+ITMTwN+iQ==, figureFileBig=UDcU34mBMlx1yQZAEaDJ6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882090145591876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=图7, caption=黄伞菌子实体不同部位样本聚类分析结果

注:a:基于液质数据的HCA;b:基于液质数据的PCA;c:基于游离氨基酸数据的PCA。

, figureFileSmall=k3u8lYIMPyL6+ITMTwN+iQ==, figureFileBig=UDcU34mBMlx1yQZAEaDJ6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882090225283653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Differential involatile compounds in different parts of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body identified by AntDAS-DDA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)质核比(m/z)加和离子代谢物名称二级匹配度分子式CAS编号
氨基酸类(Amino acids and derivatives)
11.08133.0970[M+H]+Ornithine(鸟氨酸)0.9963C5H12N2O270-26-8
21.08147.1132[M+H]+Lysine(赖氨酸)*0.9919C6H14N2O256-87-1
31.09156.0766[M+H]+Histidine(组氨酸)*0.9755C6H9N3O271-00-1
41.09175.1187[M+H]+Arginine(精氨酸)*0.9982C6H14N4O274-79-3
51.10170.0920[M+H]+Methylhistidine(甲基组氨酸)0.8154C7H11N3O224886-03-1
61.11189.1595[M+H]+N-6-Trimethyllysine(N-6-三甲基赖氨酸)0.8946C9H20N2O223284-33-5
71.17147.0761[M+H]+Glutamine(谷氨酰胺)0.9636C5H10N2O356-85-9
81.21116.0709[M+H]+Proline(脯氨酸)0.9997C5H9NO2147-85-3
91.24291.1295[M+H]+Argininosuccinic acid(精氨基琥珀酸)0.9391C10H18N4O62387-71-5
101.28158.0917[M+H]+N-Acetylproline(N-乙酰-脯氨酸)0.9141C7H11NO368-95-1
111.62130.0498[M+H]+Pyroglutamic acid(焦谷氨酸)0.9892C5H7NO398-79-3
121.65182.0812[M+H]+Tyrosine(酪氨酸)*0.9184C9H11NO360-18-4
132.26144.0653[M-H2O+H]+Aminoadipate(氨基己二酸)0.7882C6H11NO41118-90-7
143.09166.0861[M+H]+Phenylalanine(苯丙氨酸)*0.9322C9H11NO263-91-2
154.43229.1541[M+H]+Leucylproline(亮氨酰脯氨酸)0.7282C11H20N2O36403-35-6
164.63261.1438[M+H]+gamma-Glutamylleucine(γ-谷氨酰亮氨酸)0.7889C11H20N2O52566-39-4
179.14205.0855[M+H]+Tryptophan(色氨酸)*0.7496C11H12N2O254-12-6
核苷类(Nucleotides and analogues)
181.27314.0907[M+H]+2-Methylthioadenosine(2-甲基硫代腺苷)0.8657C11H15N5O4S4105-39-9
191.30113.0346[M+H]+Uracil(尿嘧啶)0.9331C4H4N2O266-22-8
201.57364.0643[M+H]+Guanosine monophosphate(单磷酸鸟苷)0.9703C10H14N5O8P85-32-5
211.61268.1035[M+H]+Adenosine(腺苷)*0.9949C10H13N5O458-61-7
221.70284.0981[M+H]+Guanosine(鸟苷)*0.9822C10H13N5O5118-00-3
234.27298.0964[M+H]+5'-S-Methylthioadenosine(5'-S-甲基硫代腺苷)0.9847C11H15N5O3S2457-80-9
244.48413.1400[M+H]+N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine(N6-苏氨酸氨基甲酰腺苷)0.8546C15H20N6O824719-82-2
嘌呤类(Purines)
251.27152.0565[M+H]+Guanine(鸟嘌呤)*0.8194C5H5N5O73-40-5
261.73137.0454[M+H]+Hypoxanthine(次黄嘌呤)*0.9306C5H4N4O68-94-0
生物碱类(Alkaloids)
271.19118.0863[M+H]+Betaine(甜菜碱)0.9982C5H11NO2107-43-7
281.20138.0547[M+H]+Trigonelline(葫芦巴碱)0.7986C7H7NO2535-83-1
291.23144.1016[M+H]+Proline betaine(脯氨酸甜菜碱)0.9356C7H13NO2471-87-4
305.12217.0966[M+H]+1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(1,2,3,4-四氢-β-咔啉-3-羧酸)0.7560C12H12N2O26052-68-2
315.16243.0647[M+Na]+Canthin-6-one(铁屎米酮)0.8051C14H8N2O479-43-6
326.88203.0700[M+H]+Vasicinone(鸭嘴花酚碱)0.7185C11H10N2O2486-64-6
337.68378.2627[M+H]+Karacoline(多根乌头碱)0.8911C22H35NO439089-30-0
349.89349.1974[M+Na]+Hydroquinidine(氢化奎尼定)0.9974C20H26N2O21435-55-8
3513.62377.3193[M]+Polanrazine B(波兰嗪B)0.7509C18H23N3O2S2636615 a
3614.80314.2471[M+H]+1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one (1-甲基-2-十一烷基喹啉-4(1H)-酮)0.9881C21H31NO59443-02-6
有机酸类(Organic acids)
371.59146.0919[M+H]+4-Acetamidobutyric acid(4-乙酰氨基丁酸)0.8994C6H11NO33025-96-5
382.68192.0652[M+H]+5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid(5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸)0.7788C10H9NO354-16-0
黄酮类(Flavonoids)
395.60288.1221[M+NH4]+3-deoxysappanchalcone(3-去氧苏木查尔酮)0.7941C16H14O4112408-67-0
4010.40257.0800[M+H]+Isoliquiritigenin(异甘草素)0.7352C15H12O4961-29-5
萜类(Terpenoids)
415.13345.2122[M+Na]+Clovanediol diacetate(二乙酸丁香三环烷二醇酯)0.7234C19H30O42649-68-5
4211.02335.2192[M+H]+14-Deoxyandrographolide(14-去氧穿心莲内酯)0.8248C20H30O44176-97-0
4311.43333.2027[M+H]+Dehydroandrographolide(脱水穿心莲内酯)0.9497C20H28O41032910-41-0
4411.55338.2678[M+NH4]+5-[(8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentanoic acid(5-[(8aS)-2,5,5,8a-四甲基-3-氧代-4a,6,7,8-四氢-4H-萘-1-基]-3-甲基戊酸)0.7038C20H32O324066891 a
4511.55360.2496[M+H]+12-epinapelline(12-表欧乌头碱)0.9898C22H33NO3110064-71-6
4612.86317.2074[M+H]+Bacchabolivic acid(巴卡波利维酸)0.9881C20H28O3120837-97-0
脂类(Lipids)
478.66353.2287[M+Na]+(Z)-5,8,11-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid((Z)-5,8,11-三羟基十八碳-9-烯酸)0.9077C18H34O524096399 a
489.75518.3227[M+H]+LPC 18:3(1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-十八碳三烯酰)-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱)0.7194C26H48NO7P62512-91-8
4910.31293.2102[M+H]+9S,13R-12-Oxophytodienoic Acid((9S,13R)-12-氧代植物二烯酸)0.7125C18H28O371606-07-0
5010.94318.2994[M+H]+Phytosphingosine(植物鞘氨醇)0.8894C18H39NO3554-62-1
5111.06297.2415[M-H2O+H]+8-Hydroxy-9,10-epoxystearic acid(8-羟基-9,10-环氧硬脂酸)0.8883C18H34O453851542 a
5211.57302.3044[M+H]+Sphinganine(神经鞘氨醇)0.7893C18H39NO2764-22-7
5312.06482.3218[M+H]+1-pentadecanoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1-十五烷酰基-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱)0.9531C23H48NO7P108273-89-8
5412.33279.2310[M+H]+Linolenic acid(亚麻酸)0.9628C18H30O2463-40-1
5512.58277.2154[M+H]+19-Norandrosterone(19-去甲雄酮)0.7287C18H28O21225-01-0
5612.80522.3531[M+H]+LPC 18:1(1-(9Z-十八碳烯酰)-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱)0.7782C26H52NO7P19420-56-5
5713.01480.3073[M+H]+LPE 18:1(1-(9Z-十八碳烯酰)-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺)0.7250C23H46NO7P62271-64-1
5813.68286.2731[M+H]+Pentadecanoyl ethanolamide(十五烷酰乙醇胺)0.9546C17H35NO253832-58-9
5914.35300.2889[M+H]+Palmitoyl ethanolamide(棕榈酰乙醇酰胺)0.7110C18H37NO2544-31-0
6014.59326.3045[M+H]+Oleoyl ethanolamide(油酰乙醇胺)0.9524C20H39NO2111-58-0
香豆素类(Coumarins)
616.25247.0596[M+H]+Isopimpinellin(异茴香内酯)0.7529C13H10O5482-27-9
627.24147.0438[M+H]+Coumarin(香豆素)0.7578C9H6O291-64-5
638.64365.0644[M+K]+Capnolactone(卡普内酯)0.8857C19H18O551559-33-2
维生素类(Vitamins)
643.62220.1176[M+H]+Pantothenic acid(维生素B5)*0.7611C9H17NO579-83-4
655.21377.1443[M+H]+Riboflavin(维生素B2)*0.8986C17H20N4O683-88-5
糖类(Saccharides)
661.18381.0784[M+K]+D-Gentiobiose(D-岩藻糖)0.9128C12H22O11554-91-6
其他(Others)
675.54156.0789[M+H]+4-Phenylpyridine(4-苯基吡啶)0.9130C11H9N939-23-1
685.89300.1225[M+H]+N-p-Coumaroyloctopamine(N-对香豆酰真蛸胺)0.8982C17H17NO466648-45-1
696.34256.1323[M+H]+3-Methoxy-6-methyl-5,7-dihydrobenzo[d][2]benzazepin-2-ol(3-甲氧基-6-甲基-5,7-二氢苯并[d][2]苯并氮杂环庚烯-2-醇)0.9260C16H17NO2927455 a
706.39285.0750[M+H]+Physcion(大黄素甲醚)0.7702C16H12O5521-61-9
719.79273.0748[M+H]+3-(5-Acetyl-2-furyl)-5-methoxy-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one(3-(5-乙酰基-2-呋喃基)-5-甲氧基-2-苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮)0.8213C15H12O5166448-14-2
7211.31170.0953[M+H]+Diphenylamine(二苯胺)0.9366C12H11N122-39-4
7312.36275.2000[M+H]+Nandrolone(诺龙)0.7448C18H26O2434-22-0
), ArticleFig(id=1320882090351112774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AntDAS-DDA鉴定出的黄伞菌子实体不同部位中的非挥发性差异化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号保留时间(min)质核比(m/z)加和离子代谢物名称二级匹配度分子式CAS编号
氨基酸类(Amino acids and derivatives)
11.08133.0970[M+H]+Ornithine(鸟氨酸)0.9963C5H12N2O270-26-8
21.08147.1132[M+H]+Lysine(赖氨酸)*0.9919C6H14N2O256-87-1
31.09156.0766[M+H]+Histidine(组氨酸)*0.9755C6H9N3O271-00-1
41.09175.1187[M+H]+Arginine(精氨酸)*0.9982C6H14N4O274-79-3
51.10170.0920[M+H]+Methylhistidine(甲基组氨酸)0.8154C7H11N3O224886-03-1
61.11189.1595[M+H]+N-6-Trimethyllysine(N-6-三甲基赖氨酸)0.8946C9H20N2O223284-33-5
71.17147.0761[M+H]+Glutamine(谷氨酰胺)0.9636C5H10N2O356-85-9
81.21116.0709[M+H]+Proline(脯氨酸)0.9997C5H9NO2147-85-3
91.24291.1295[M+H]+Argininosuccinic acid(精氨基琥珀酸)0.9391C10H18N4O62387-71-5
101.28158.0917[M+H]+N-Acetylproline(N-乙酰-脯氨酸)0.9141C7H11NO368-95-1
111.62130.0498[M+H]+Pyroglutamic acid(焦谷氨酸)0.9892C5H7NO398-79-3
121.65182.0812[M+H]+Tyrosine(酪氨酸)*0.9184C9H11NO360-18-4
132.26144.0653[M-H2O+H]+Aminoadipate(氨基己二酸)0.7882C6H11NO41118-90-7
143.09166.0861[M+H]+Phenylalanine(苯丙氨酸)*0.9322C9H11NO263-91-2
154.43229.1541[M+H]+Leucylproline(亮氨酰脯氨酸)0.7282C11H20N2O36403-35-6
164.63261.1438[M+H]+gamma-Glutamylleucine(γ-谷氨酰亮氨酸)0.7889C11H20N2O52566-39-4
179.14205.0855[M+H]+Tryptophan(色氨酸)*0.7496C11H12N2O254-12-6
核苷类(Nucleotides and analogues)
181.27314.0907[M+H]+2-Methylthioadenosine(2-甲基硫代腺苷)0.8657C11H15N5O4S4105-39-9
191.30113.0346[M+H]+Uracil(尿嘧啶)0.9331C4H4N2O266-22-8
201.57364.0643[M+H]+Guanosine monophosphate(单磷酸鸟苷)0.9703C10H14N5O8P85-32-5
211.61268.1035[M+H]+Adenosine(腺苷)*0.9949C10H13N5O458-61-7
221.70284.0981[M+H]+Guanosine(鸟苷)*0.9822C10H13N5O5118-00-3
234.27298.0964[M+H]+5'-S-Methylthioadenosine(5'-S-甲基硫代腺苷)0.9847C11H15N5O3S2457-80-9
244.48413.1400[M+H]+N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine(N6-苏氨酸氨基甲酰腺苷)0.8546C15H20N6O824719-82-2
嘌呤类(Purines)
251.27152.0565[M+H]+Guanine(鸟嘌呤)*0.8194C5H5N5O73-40-5
261.73137.0454[M+H]+Hypoxanthine(次黄嘌呤)*0.9306C5H4N4O68-94-0
生物碱类(Alkaloids)
271.19118.0863[M+H]+Betaine(甜菜碱)0.9982C5H11NO2107-43-7
281.20138.0547[M+H]+Trigonelline(葫芦巴碱)0.7986C7H7NO2535-83-1
291.23144.1016[M+H]+Proline betaine(脯氨酸甜菜碱)0.9356C7H13NO2471-87-4
305.12217.0966[M+H]+1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid(1,2,3,4-四氢-β-咔啉-3-羧酸)0.7560C12H12N2O26052-68-2
315.16243.0647[M+Na]+Canthin-6-one(铁屎米酮)0.8051C14H8N2O479-43-6
326.88203.0700[M+H]+Vasicinone(鸭嘴花酚碱)0.7185C11H10N2O2486-64-6
337.68378.2627[M+H]+Karacoline(多根乌头碱)0.8911C22H35NO439089-30-0
349.89349.1974[M+Na]+Hydroquinidine(氢化奎尼定)0.9974C20H26N2O21435-55-8
3513.62377.3193[M]+Polanrazine B(波兰嗪B)0.7509C18H23N3O2S2636615 a
3614.80314.2471[M+H]+1-methyl-2-undecylquinolin-4-one (1-甲基-2-十一烷基喹啉-4(1H)-酮)0.9881C21H31NO59443-02-6
有机酸类(Organic acids)
371.59146.0919[M+H]+4-Acetamidobutyric acid(4-乙酰氨基丁酸)0.8994C6H11NO33025-96-5
382.68192.0652[M+H]+5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid(5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸)0.7788C10H9NO354-16-0
黄酮类(Flavonoids)
395.60288.1221[M+NH4]+3-deoxysappanchalcone(3-去氧苏木查尔酮)0.7941C16H14O4112408-67-0
4010.40257.0800[M+H]+Isoliquiritigenin(异甘草素)0.7352C15H12O4961-29-5
萜类(Terpenoids)
415.13345.2122[M+Na]+Clovanediol diacetate(二乙酸丁香三环烷二醇酯)0.7234C19H30O42649-68-5
4211.02335.2192[M+H]+14-Deoxyandrographolide(14-去氧穿心莲内酯)0.8248C20H30O44176-97-0
4311.43333.2027[M+H]+Dehydroandrographolide(脱水穿心莲内酯)0.9497C20H28O41032910-41-0
4411.55338.2678[M+NH4]+5-[(8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpentanoic acid(5-[(8aS)-2,5,5,8a-四甲基-3-氧代-4a,6,7,8-四氢-4H-萘-1-基]-3-甲基戊酸)0.7038C20H32O324066891 a
4511.55360.2496[M+H]+12-epinapelline(12-表欧乌头碱)0.9898C22H33NO3110064-71-6
4612.86317.2074[M+H]+Bacchabolivic acid(巴卡波利维酸)0.9881C20H28O3120837-97-0
脂类(Lipids)
478.66353.2287[M+Na]+(Z)-5,8,11-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid((Z)-5,8,11-三羟基十八碳-9-烯酸)0.9077C18H34O524096399 a
489.75518.3227[M+H]+LPC 18:3(1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-十八碳三烯酰)-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱)0.7194C26H48NO7P62512-91-8
4910.31293.2102[M+H]+9S,13R-12-Oxophytodienoic Acid((9S,13R)-12-氧代植物二烯酸)0.7125C18H28O371606-07-0
5010.94318.2994[M+H]+Phytosphingosine(植物鞘氨醇)0.8894C18H39NO3554-62-1
5111.06297.2415[M-H2O+H]+8-Hydroxy-9,10-epoxystearic acid(8-羟基-9,10-环氧硬脂酸)0.8883C18H34O453851542 a
5211.57302.3044[M+H]+Sphinganine(神经鞘氨醇)0.7893C18H39NO2764-22-7
5312.06482.3218[M+H]+1-pentadecanoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1-十五烷酰基-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱)0.9531C23H48NO7P108273-89-8
5412.33279.2310[M+H]+Linolenic acid(亚麻酸)0.9628C18H30O2463-40-1
5512.58277.2154[M+H]+19-Norandrosterone(19-去甲雄酮)0.7287C18H28O21225-01-0
5612.80522.3531[M+H]+LPC 18:1(1-(9Z-十八碳烯酰)-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱)0.7782C26H52NO7P19420-56-5
5713.01480.3073[M+H]+LPE 18:1(1-(9Z-十八碳烯酰)-2-羟基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺)0.7250C23H46NO7P62271-64-1
5813.68286.2731[M+H]+Pentadecanoyl ethanolamide(十五烷酰乙醇胺)0.9546C17H35NO253832-58-9
5914.35300.2889[M+H]+Palmitoyl ethanolamide(棕榈酰乙醇酰胺)0.7110C18H37NO2544-31-0
6014.59326.3045[M+H]+Oleoyl ethanolamide(油酰乙醇胺)0.9524C20H39NO2111-58-0
香豆素类(Coumarins)
616.25247.0596[M+H]+Isopimpinellin(异茴香内酯)0.7529C13H10O5482-27-9
627.24147.0438[M+H]+Coumarin(香豆素)0.7578C9H6O291-64-5
638.64365.0644[M+K]+Capnolactone(卡普内酯)0.8857C19H18O551559-33-2
维生素类(Vitamins)
643.62220.1176[M+H]+Pantothenic acid(维生素B5)*0.7611C9H17NO579-83-4
655.21377.1443[M+H]+Riboflavin(维生素B2)*0.8986C17H20N4O683-88-5
糖类(Saccharides)
661.18381.0784[M+K]+D-Gentiobiose(D-岩藻糖)0.9128C12H22O11554-91-6
其他(Others)
675.54156.0789[M+H]+4-Phenylpyridine(4-苯基吡啶)0.9130C11H9N939-23-1
685.89300.1225[M+H]+N-p-Coumaroyloctopamine(N-对香豆酰真蛸胺)0.8982C17H17NO466648-45-1
696.34256.1323[M+H]+3-Methoxy-6-methyl-5,7-dihydrobenzo[d][2]benzazepin-2-ol(3-甲氧基-6-甲基-5,7-二氢苯并[d][2]苯并氮杂环庚烯-2-醇)0.9260C16H17NO2927455 a
706.39285.0750[M+H]+Physcion(大黄素甲醚)0.7702C16H12O5521-61-9
719.79273.0748[M+H]+3-(5-Acetyl-2-furyl)-5-methoxy-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one(3-(5-乙酰基-2-呋喃基)-5-甲氧基-2-苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮)0.8213C15H12O5166448-14-2
7211.31170.0953[M+H]+Diphenylamine(二苯胺)0.9366C12H11N122-39-4
7312.36275.2000[M+H]+Nandrolone(诺龙)0.7448C18H26O2434-22-0
), ArticleFig(id=1320882090460164679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Free amino acids in different parts of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body (n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别氨基酸名称黄伞子实体
(HSZ)
黄伞菌柄
(HSB)
黄伞菌盖
(HSG)
鲜味氨基酸
(Umami amino acid)
Glu4.05±0.10b3.08±0.10c4.54±0.22a
Asp2.14±0.05b1.74±0.07c2.72±0.05a
Lys1.67±0.03b1.32±0.02c2.12±0.06a
总量(g/100 g)7.86±0.17b6.14±0.08c9.38±0.31a
相对含量(%)34.41±0.21a33.56±0.69b33.12±0.73b
甜味氨基酸
(Sweet amino acid)
Ala1.64±0.05b1.39±0.04c2.18±0.12a
Thr1.21±0.02b0.98±0.03c1.48±0.04a
Ser1.06±0.02b0.89±0.03c1.29±0.06a
Gly1.16±0.02b0.92±0.03c1.55±0.04a
Pro1.10±0.06b0.94±0.07c1.50±0.10a
His0.62±0.02b0.52±0.03c0.78±0.05a
总量(g/100 g)6.80±0.13b5.64±0.12c8.78±0.27a
相对含量(%)29.78±0.31b30.84±0.42a30.99±0.85a
苦味氨基酸
(Bitter amino acid)
Arg1.95±0.06b1.32±0.03c2.59±0.11a
Val1.21±0.03b0.99±0.02c1.54±0.03a
Met0.79±0.04a0.82±0.22a0.58±0.08b
Ile0.93±0.02b0.69±0.03c1.17±0.03a
Leu1.54±0.04b1.20±0.03c1.99±0.04a
总量(g/100 g)6.42±0.13b5.01±0.21c7.87±0.18a
相对含量(%)28.12±0.28a27.40±0.84b27.77±0.22ab
芳香氨基酸
(Aromatic amino acid)
Phe1.13±0.02b0.99±0.03c1.54±0.05a
Tyr0.62±0.03b0.51±0.04c0.76±0.04a
总量(g/100 g)1.75±0.02b1.50±0.05c2.30±0.08a
相对含量(%)7.68±0.18b8.21±0.28a8.12±0.19a
游离氨基酸
(Free amino acids)
总量(g/100 g)22.83±0.39b18.30±0.28c28.32±0.59a
), ArticleFig(id=1320882090774737480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882080137982437, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

黄伞菌子实体不同部位中的游离氨基酸含量 (n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别氨基酸名称黄伞子实体
(HSZ)
黄伞菌柄
(HSB)
黄伞菌盖
(HSG)
鲜味氨基酸
(Umami amino acid)
Glu4.05±0.10b3.08±0.10c4.54±0.22a
Asp2.14±0.05b1.74±0.07c2.72±0.05a
Lys1.67±0.03b1.32±0.02c2.12±0.06a
总量(g/100 g)7.86±0.17b6.14±0.08c9.38±0.31a
相对含量(%)34.41±0.21a33.56±0.69b33.12±0.73b
甜味氨基酸
(Sweet amino acid)
Ala1.64±0.05b1.39±0.04c2.18±0.12a
Thr1.21±0.02b0.98±0.03c1.48±0.04a
Ser1.06±0.02b0.89±0.03c1.29±0.06a
Gly1.16±0.02b0.92±0.03c1.55±0.04a
Pro1.10±0.06b0.94±0.07c1.50±0.10a
His0.62±0.02b0.52±0.03c0.78±0.05a
总量(g/100 g)6.80±0.13b5.64±0.12c8.78±0.27a
相对含量(%)29.78±0.31b30.84±0.42a30.99±0.85a
苦味氨基酸
(Bitter amino acid)
Arg1.95±0.06b1.32±0.03c2.59±0.11a
Val1.21±0.03b0.99±0.02c1.54±0.03a
Met0.79±0.04a0.82±0.22a0.58±0.08b
Ile0.93±0.02b0.69±0.03c1.17±0.03a
Leu1.54±0.04b1.20±0.03c1.99±0.04a
总量(g/100 g)6.42±0.13b5.01±0.21c7.87±0.18a
相对含量(%)28.12±0.28a27.40±0.84b27.77±0.22ab
芳香氨基酸
(Aromatic amino acid)
Phe1.13±0.02b0.99±0.03c1.54±0.05a
Tyr0.62±0.03b0.51±0.04c0.76±0.04a
总量(g/100 g)1.75±0.02b1.50±0.05c2.30±0.08a
相对含量(%)7.68±0.18b8.21±0.28a8.12±0.19a
游离氨基酸
(Free amino acids)
总量(g/100 g)22.83±0.39b18.30±0.28c28.32±0.59a
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黄伞菌子实体不同部位代谢轮廓分析
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李淑芳 1, * , 李圆圆 1 , 刘文斌 1 , 冯书惠 1 , 杨亚琴 1 , 胡永建 1 , 郝学飞 1 , 孔维丽 2 , 于永杰 3
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(13): 291-301
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (13) : 291 -301
黄伞菌子实体不同部位代谢轮廓分析
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李淑芳1, * , 李圆圆1, 刘文斌1, 冯书惠1, 杨亚琴1, 胡永建1, 郝学飞1, 孔维丽2, 于永杰3
作者信息
  • 1河南省农业科学院农产品质量安全研究所,河南郑州 450002
  • 2河南省农业科学院食用菌研究所,河南郑州 450002
  • 3宁夏医科大学药学院,宁夏银川 750004
通讯作者:
李淑芳(1982−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:化学计量学仪器分析新方法,E-mail:。
Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Different Parts of Pholiota adiposa Fruiting Body
Shufang LI1, * , Yuanyuan LI1, Wenbin LIU1, Shuhui FENG1, Yaqin YANG1, Yongjian HU1, Xuefei HAO1, Weili KONG2, Yongjie YU3
Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 2Institute of Edible Fungi, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 3College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
出版时间: 2026-07-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070132
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采用基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(UHPLC-HRMS)的非靶向代谢组学技术、靶向氨基酸分析技术结合化学计量学方法,对黄伞菌子实体的菌盖及菌柄等部位进行了代谢轮廓分析。黄伞菌样本高分辨质谱数据在正离子模式下采集,经化学计量学领域最新发展的自动化分析软件AntDAS-DDA直接解析。依据国家标准方法定量分析黄伞菌样本中16种游离氨基酸的含量。通过热图分析、雷达图、层次聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)等方法,研究了黄伞菌子实体不同部位的代谢组学特征。结果表明:共鉴定出73种非挥发性差异化合物,涵盖氨基酸类、核苷酸类、嘌呤类、生物碱类、萜类、脂类等。其中,12种化合物经标准品验证。除色氨酸含量菌柄大于菌盖之外,赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、维生素B5和维生素B2含量菌盖均略高于菌柄。腺苷、鸟苷等核苷酸类物质以及鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤等嘌呤类化合物在菌盖中的含量也显著高于菌柄。黄伞菌子实体各部位样品中,鲜味氨基酸含量均呈现最高,占游离氨基酸总量的30%以上。菌盖的鲜味氨基酸含量明显高于菌柄。黄伞菌的菌盖、菌柄、子实体样本能够各自显著聚类并区分。该研究为黄伞菌不同部位的营养特征识别及资源利用提供了科学依据,并为其他食用菌的化学成分分析提供新策略。

黄伞菌  /  不同部位  /  代谢组学  /  化学计量学  /  AntDAS-DDA软件

An integrated strategy that combining untargeted metabolomics based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), targeted amino acid analysis and chemometrics was developed to achieve the metabolic profiling analysis of different parts (pileus and stipe) of Pholiota adiposa fruiting body. The HRMS data of Pholiota adiposa were acquired in positive ion mode and directly analyze by AntDAS-DDA, a recently developed automatic data analysis software in chemometrics. In addition, the contents of 16 free amino acids in the samples were quantified according to the national standard methods. The metabolomics characteristics across different parts of the Pholiota adiposa fruiting body were investigated using heatmap analysis, radar chart analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that a total of 73 involatile differential metabolites were identified, encompassing amino acids, nucleotides, purines, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, etc., 12 of those compounds were further verified by standards. Except for tryptophan, which was more abundant in the stipe, contents of lysine, histidine, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, vitamin B5, and vitamin B2 were consistently slightly higher in the pileus than in stipe. Nucleotides such as adenosine and guanosine, along with purines like guanine and hypoxanthine, also showed higher content in the pileus. Umami amino acids were the most abundant category across all parts of the Pholiota adiposa fruiting body, constituting over 30% of the total free amino acids. Notably, the content of umami amino acids in the pileus was significantly higher than in the stipe. the pileus, stipe and whole fruiting body of Pholiota adiposa could each be clearly clustered and distinguished. This research provides a scientific basis for the identification of nutritional characteristics and resource utilization of different parts of Pholiota adiposa, while offering a novel analytical strategy for studying chemical components in other edible fungi.

Pholiota adiposa  /  different parts  /  metabolomics  /  chemometrics  /  AntDAS-DDA software
李淑芳, 李圆圆, 刘文斌, 冯书惠, 杨亚琴, 胡永建, 郝学飞, 孔维丽, 于永杰. 黄伞菌子实体不同部位代谢轮廓分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (13) : 291 -301 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070132
Shufang LI, Yuanyuan LI, Wenbin LIU, Shuhui FENG, Yaqin YANG, Yongjian HU, Xuefei HAO, Weili KONG, Yongjie YU. Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Different Parts of Pholiota adiposa Fruiting Body[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (13) : 291 -301 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070132
黄伞菌(Pholiota adiposa)是一种食药兼优的珍稀大型木腐真菌,因其子实体色泽金黄、菌盖肥厚并具有平伏状鳞片,又称多脂鳞伞、柳蘑、黄柳蘑[1−3]。该菌喜低温生长,广泛分布于我国北方、西南、东北地区,并已实现人工栽培。黄伞菌风味鲜美,质地脆嫩,富含氨基酸、维生素、多糖、核苷酸、脂类等多种活性成分[4−6],具有抗肿瘤[6−8]、抗氧化[9−10]、抗菌[11]、抗炎[12]、抗病毒[13]及降血糖[14−15]等药理作用,在功能性食品方面具有广阔的开发前景。随着食用菌加工产业不断深化,资源利用已从传统的鲜干品与方便食品加工,逐步拓展到功能食品及副产物的综合利用[16−17]。因此,深入开展黄伞菌不同部位(如菌盖、菌柄等)的营养与代谢差异,对于促进其资源的高值化开发与综合利用具有重要意义[18−20]。
目前,黄伞菌的研究主要集中在子实体的基础营养成分分析评价[6,10,15]及多糖[7−9]、腺苷[12]、甾醇[17]等功能性成分的提取与生物活性研究,而对黄伞菌不同部位的代谢轮廓分析及营养成分全面对比的研究仍较少。基于高通量技术的代谢组学方法可以对生物样品内小分子代谢产物进行整体研究,在农产品营养功能成分的全面表征和科学分析中具有突出优势[21]。近年来,已有学者基于液质高分辨质谱的代谢组学方法对食用菌中的化学组成开展研究。如Uffelman等[22]采用基于液质联用的非靶向代谢组学技术及靶向氨基酸分析比较了不同品种食用菌的化学组成差异。Zeng等[23]采用基于液质联用的定量代谢组学技术结合硬度、微观结构分析等揭示了不同干燥工艺对竹荪代谢物与风味的影响。Zhao等[24]与Yang等[25]则分别鉴别了羊肚菌及猴头菇的特征性化合物。这些研究表明,超高效液相色谱联用高分辨质谱分析技术(Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry,UHPLC-HRMS)凭借其高分离效率与高质量精度,已成为代谢组学研究的重要手段[26]。然而,在复杂样品中实现高通量代谢数据的智能化精准解析仍面临挑战。针对数据依赖采集(Data-dependent acquisition,DDA)模式下获得的UHPLC-HRMS数据,Wang等[27]开发了化学计量学自动化分析软件AntDAS-DDA,该软件集成了数据预处理、色谱峰筛选及解析、质谱碎片离子构建及识别、化合物鉴定等多个模块,支持多样本批量处理及化学计量学多元统计分析。AntDAS-DDA具有识别内源片段离子的优点,大大提高了化合物识别的准确度,为复杂农产品UHPLC-HRMS数据的自动化解析提供新的分析手段。
基于此,本研究以黄伞菌子实体的菌盖及菌柄为研究对象,采用基于UHPLC-HRMS的非靶向代谢组学技术结合AntDAS-DDA分析软件及靶向氨基酸定量分析技术,对黄伞菌子实体不同部位的非挥发性代谢物及游离氨基酸进行系统解析。通过热图分析、雷达图、层次聚类分析(Hierarchical clustering analysis,HCA)及主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)等方法,全面比较黄伞菌子实体不同部位在化学物质基础上的代谢差异特征,以期为黄伞菌资源的开发利用提供科学依据。
新鲜黄伞菌 采摘河南省农业科学院现代农业研究开发基地(新乡,原阳),取样日期为2024年10月10日;甲醇、乙腈、甲酸(98%~100%) 质谱级,德国默克公司;赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸等 纯度均为99%,Sigma-Aldrich公司;鸟嘌呤(≥99.76%)、次黄嘌呤(≥99.82%) 成都德思特生物技术有限公司;腺苷(≥99.9%)、鸟苷(≥93.2%)、维生素B5(≥98.8%)、维生素B2(≥99%) 广州佳途科技股份有限公司(CATO Research Chemicals Inc.)。
Ultimate 3000 超高效液相色谱仪-Q Exactive-Orbitrap静电场轨道阱高分辨液质联用仪 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1×150 mm,1.7 μm) 美国Waters公司;Hitachi L-8800氨基酸分析仪 日本Hitachi公司;SCIENTZ-18N/C冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝冻干设备股份有限公司;KQ-500DE型数控超声波清洗机 江苏昆山市超声仪器有限公司;JP-300C高速多功能粉碎机 浙江永康市久品工贸有限公司;5810 R型台式离心机(高速冷冻型) 德国Eppendorf公司;Milli-Q Synthesis超纯水系统 德国Merck公司。
将来源于同一批次的新鲜黄伞菌样本按照子实体、菌盖、菌柄分别制备黄伞菌不同部位样本,每种样本设9个生物学重复。样本先以液氮处理并研磨后放于托盘内转移至−20 ℃环境预冷6 h,接着将样本置于冷冻干燥机内以−50 ℃冻干。将冻干样本研磨成粉末放置在−20 ℃冰柜中保存备用。从27份黄伞菌不同部位粉末样本各取出200 mg混合均匀制备成质量控制样本(Quality control sample,QC)。
分别称量黄伞菌子实体(HSZ)、菌柄(HSB)及菌盖(HSG)样本50.0 mg于2 mL离心管中,加入1.5 mL提取溶剂(80%甲醇-水),涡旋后室温超声提取30 min,12000 r/min下离心10 min,重复离心2次。取上清液装于进样色谱瓶中,待高分辨质谱上机分析。
液相色谱条件:液相运行时间为20 min。采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1×150 mm,1.7 μm)。流动相为含0.1%甲酸的高纯水(A)及含0.1%甲酸的乙腈(B);采用的梯度洗脱程序:0~1 min,95%A;1~13 min,95%~5%A;13~15 min,5%A;15~16 min,5%~95%A。后运行4 min。流速0.3 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,进样量3 μL。
质谱条件:质谱数据采集时间为15 min。离子源为电喷雾离子源,在正离子扫描模式(ESI+)运行,喷雾电压为3500 V,离子传输毛细管温度为320 ℃,鞘气(氮气)和辅助气(氮气)气体流量分别为30 arb。采用FULL MS/DD-MS2(TOP4)模式完成数据采集。一级质谱(MS1)为FULL MS模式,扫描范围为100~1000 Da,分辨率为35000 FWHM;二级质谱(MS/MS)采用DD-MS2(TOP4)模式,分辨率为17500 FWHM。自动增益控制均采用5e6。最大注入时间分别为100 ms(MS1)、25 ms(MS/MS)。MS/MS选择高能碰撞诱导裂解碎裂方式,碰撞能量为阶梯模式(20、40、60 eV),隔离窗口为0.4 Da,动态排除设为4.5 s。
液质分析以顺序进样的方式分析样品,每5个样品插入一针QC样品,以加强仪器分析质量控制的有效性。
27份黄伞菌子实体不同部位样品中游离氨基酸含量分析采用氨基酸自动分析仪参照国家标准方法(GB 5009.124-2016)进行[28],结果用每100 g干质量所含氨基酸的克数(g/100 g)表示。每份样品重复检测2次,测定结果取平均值。
UHPLC-HRMS数据采集通过Xcalibar软件(Thermo Fisher Scientific)获得。UHPLC-HRMS数据分析由AntDAS-DDA数据分析软件完成。基于软件导出的化合物样本×EIC峰面积的化合物信息注册表进行化学计量学分析。热图分析、层次聚类分析(HCA)及主成分分析(PCA)在Matlab软件中完成。游离氨基酸数据雷达图采用R语言进行绘制。
本研究比较了不同比例的甲醇与水作为提取试剂对黄伞菌中化合物的提取效率,结果如图1所示。在甲醇和水的比例达到80:20时,提取得到的化合物的一级、二级色谱峰数量和峰面积加和值较为理想,可以获得的化合物信息最为丰富。确定V(甲醇):V(水)=80:20为提取试剂。
以QC样本为例,图2展示了AntDAS-DDA软件平台中数据解析过程。图2a为黄伞菌不同部位样本的TIC图,在优化好的条件下,TIC峰在整个流出范围内分离效果良好。然而,直接观察TIC色谱图,发现不同部位之间没有明显差异,仍需进一步对包含丰富化学物质信息的数据进行挖掘。
通过计算7个QC样本的EIC峰面积的相对偏差(RSD)进行统计分析来考察AntDAS-DDA软件的数据分析性能。根据RSD的分布区间统计结果如图2b所示,RSD≤20%的色谱峰数量为3218个,占总峰数量的75.33%。RSD≤30%的色谱峰数量为3788个,占总峰数量的88.67%,表明黄伞菌样本采用该方法批量进样过程中稳定,所采集的数据质量可靠,可以进行后续研究。
AntDAS-DDA可自动实现化合物信息和仪器背景噪声的有效识别,并准确估计化合物的流出范围,实现数据中EIC峰的高质量构建、提取及注释。图2c给出了提取QC样本其中一个EIC(m/z 284.0984 Da)下所有色谱峰的结果,共提取出4个色谱峰。利用AntDAS-DDA对黄伞菌子实体、菌柄、菌盖等不同部位样本的数据进行分析,最终获得14185×34的化合物信息注册表,其中14185为EIC峰数量,34为样本数量(包括27个黄伞菌不同部位样本和7个QC样本)。在AntDAS-DDA中,通过将P值设置为0.01,样本百分比设置为80%,fold change为1共筛选出6339个在黄伞菌不同部位表现出显著差异的EIC。在随后的分析中,使用AntDAS-DDA将这些EIC排列成各种代谢物,以构建用于代谢物鉴定的MS1和MS/MS谱图。
以鸟苷(Guanosine)为例,展示了AntDAS-DDA的化合物鉴别过程(图2d),该图信息对应于图2c中第2号色谱峰。AntDAS-DDA进行批处理后能够基于多样本中具有显著差异的色谱峰信息完成内源碎片离子识别,图2d2为AntDAS-DDA构建的化合物一级MS谱图,保留时间为1.70 min。经过AntDAS-DDA解析可获得EIC峰有m/z 110.0351、135.0302、152.0563、153.0592、284.0981等,通过计算这些碎片离子的EIC峰形的相似度确定源自同一个成分,图2d3为对应各碎片离子的EIC图,流出曲线的形状高度一致。AntDAS-DDA完成该成分的MS1(图2d4)及MS/MS(图2d5)质谱信息的构建后,与标准谱图(来自第三方公开数据库,http://prime.psc.riken.jp/compms/msdial/main.htmL)进行比对。化合物最终鉴定结果为鸟苷,结构信息见图2d1,该物质的匹配较好,其MS1、MS/MS的匹配度分别为0.9934、0.9822。
基于上述内源碎片离子整合策略的化合物鉴别流程,本研究借助于AntDAS-DDA软件共鉴定出黄伞菌不同部位样品中的非挥发性差异化合物73种(表1),筛选条件为一级匹配度大于0.75,二级匹配度大于0.7。其中,23%(n=17)的化合物为氨基酸及其衍生物(Amino acids and derivatives),其他的主要类别包括:核苷酸及其类似物(Nucleotides and analogues)、嘌呤(Purines)、生物碱类(Alkaloids)、有机酸类(Organic acids)、黄酮类(Flavonoids)、萜类(Terpenoids)、脂类(Lipids)、香豆素类(Coumarins)、维生素类(Vitamins)、糖类(Saccharides)及其他类物质(Others)等,如图3所示。其中,对鉴定的化合物通过标准品进一步验证,最终确定12种化合物,包括:赖氨酸(Lysine)、组氨酸(Histidine)、精氨酸(Arginine)、酪氨酸(Tyrosine)、苯丙氨酸(Phenylalanine)、色氨酸(Tryptophan)、腺苷(Adenosine)、鸟苷(Guanosine)、鸟嘌呤(Guanine)、次黄嘌呤(Hypoxanthine)、维生素B5(Pantothenic acid)、维生素B2(Riboflavin)。
根据识别的73种差异性化合物的相对丰度进行热图分析(图4)。结果显示,黄伞菌不同部位样品中的代谢物含量存在明显差异,整体上两种模式下的化合物均聚为两大组别。图4中前34种化合物聚为一大组,其中的20种物质在菌柄中含量较高,子实体次之,菌盖中含量最低,另外14种物质,多数为氨基酸类,表现为子实体最高,菌盖次之,菌柄最低;其余39种化合物聚为一组,主要为萜类、脂类、生物碱类、核苷酸类物质,整体趋势为菌盖含量较高,子实体次之,菌柄含量最低。图5进一步给出了12种经标准品验证的差异化合物在黄伞菌不同部位样本中的峰面积分布情况。由图可见,菌柄中色氨酸的含量显著高于菌盖。色氨酸是多种生物活性物质(烟酸、5-羟色胺、褪黑激素等)的前体物质,参与并调节蛋白质、糖类、脂肪等基础营养物质的代谢,具有精神调节、安神助眠的功效[29]。赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、维生素B5和维生素B2等在各部分含量差别较小,整体上菌柄中略低。腺苷、鸟苷、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤等化合物在菌盖中含量最高与图4结果一致。其中,腺苷具有心脏保护作用及抗炎功效[12],嘌呤类物质与人类尿酸代谢合成有关,摄入嘌呤过多会增加高尿酸血症甚至痛风的风险[30]。因此,研究黄伞菌不同部位化合物含量分布有助于指导人们科学膳食及资源合理利用。
食用菌中游离氨基酸组成和含量是其口感及滋味等风味特征形成的关键物质基础[19]。通过对黄伞菌子实体不同部位样品的游离氨基酸进行含量测定(表2),发现菌盖、菌柄、子实体样品中均含有16种氨基酸,包括3种鲜味氨基酸(谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、赖氨酸(Lys)),6种甜味氨基酸(丙氨酸(Ala)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、甘氨酸(Gly)、脯氨酸(Pro)和组氨酸(His)),5种苦味氨基酸(精氨酸(Arg)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、异亮氨酸(Ile)和亮氨酸(Leu)),以及2种芳香族氨基酸(苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Tyr))[31−32]。为了直观比较黄伞菌菌盖、菌柄及子实体中氨基酸的含量,对16种氨基酸及四类呈味氨基酸做雷达图分析(图6)。根据图6和表2的分析结果可知,整体上,各部位游离氨基酸总含量为:菌盖>子实体>菌柄。黄伞菌子实体各部位样品中四类呈味氨基酸相对含量表现出相似的特点,其中鲜味氨基酸均呈现含量最高,甜味氨基酸和苦味氨基酸含量次之,而芳香族氨基酸在所有部位中均表现含量最低(图6b)。鲜味氨基酸含量均占游离氨基酸总量的30%以上,3种鲜味氨基酸单独及总量均为:菌盖>子实体>菌柄。并且,呈味氨基酸中鲜味最强的谷氨酸含量在各部位样品中均为16种游离氨基酸中含量最高(图6a)。蛋氨酸含量在菌盖中含量最低,酪氨酸及组氨酸在各部位含量非常接近,其余氨基酸在菌盖中含量均为最高。由此可见,黄伞菌菌盖的营养价值及鲜美风味略优于菌柄。
基于批处理得到的所有EIC峰,利用化学计量学方法HCA和PCA对不同黄伞菌不同部位样本进行聚类分析,如图7所示。HCA根据样本之间的相似性或距离,将数据按照层次结构进行分组从而完成样本的聚类分析。图7a为基于非挥发代谢物的液质数据进行HCA分析结果,菌盖、菌柄及子实体样本能够各自聚成一类,其中,菌柄与子实体近似,菌盖为单独一类。PCA通过线性变换对数据进行降维处理,同时尽量保留数据的变异性。基于非挥发代谢物的液质数据及靶向游离氨基酸分析数据进行PCA分析结果分别见图7b、图7c。基于液质数据的PCA分析结果表明,前两个主成分解释了样本中约70%的信息(图7b)。黄伞菌不同部位样本在前两个主成分上的分布显示,各部位样本在组内汇聚明显,不同组别样本之间距离较远,空间分布上聚类效果显著。其中,菌柄和子实体样本位于第一主成分轴的左侧,而菌盖样本位于右侧,整体上菌盖与菌柄空间距离较远。表明,基于液质数据的HCA及PCA分析结果一致,且游离氨基酸的PCA分析结果与液质数据的聚类结果吻合,显示出菌盖和菌柄较大的差异。
本研究表明,AntDAS-DDA能够高效、准确提取黄伞菌样本中的化合物信息,实现差异性非挥发代谢物的鉴别与含量变化分析。通过雷达图对黄伞菌菌盖、菌柄中游离氨基酸的种类、含量及风味呈现的分析,直观揭示了其营养品质的氨基酸组成基础。菌盖中嘌呤类物质含量较高,提示其在烹饪或食用过程中可通过焯水等方式减少嘌呤摄入。菌盖富含谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和丙氨酸等呈鲜氨基酸,赋予其独特的呈鲜风味优势,适合于食品调味剂或鲜味增强剂的开发。菌柄中色氨酸含量显著高于菌盖,显示出其在神经递质合成及助眠类功能食品开发中的潜在应用价值。综合液质及氨基酸数据有利于全面挖掘不同部位的营养特色,为其膳食指导及产品开发提供更多理论依据。
本研究采用化学计量学数据分析软件AntDAS-DDA结合基于UHPLC-HRMS非靶向代谢组学技术、靶向氨基酸定量分析对黄伞菌子实体菌盖与菌柄的代谢轮廓进行了系统研究。AntDAS-DDA实现了黄伞菌子实体不同部位样本中化合物信息的高效提取与准确识别,成功筛选出菌盖与菌柄中的73种非挥发性差异代谢物,反映了两部位在营养积累方面的显著差异。靶向氨基酸分析进一步对黄伞菌中的16种游离氨基酸进行定量分析,比较了不同部位的游离氨基酸组分比例与呈味特征的相关性。非靶向代谢组学与靶向氨基酸分析的结合,全面揭示了黄伞菌不同部位的代谢差异特征与风味物质基础,为其营养品质评价及资源高效利用提供了科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第13期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070132
  • 接收时间:2025-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-07-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-10
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    1河南省农业科学院农产品质量安全研究所,河南郑州 450002
    2河南省农业科学院食用菌研究所,河南郑州 450002
    3宁夏医科大学药学院,宁夏银川 750004

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李淑芳(1982−),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:化学计量学仪器分析新方法,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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