Article(id=1320880198409630634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070107, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752076800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792851980068, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792851980068, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792851980068, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792851980068, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=107, endPage=117, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320880198594180011, articleId=1320880198409630634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation and Biological Activity of Feruloylated Oligosaccharides from Rice Bran by Mixed Strain Fermentation, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the efficient preparation method and biological activities of feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs) from rice bran, FOs were prepared by mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis using rice bran as raw material. The fermentation conditions were optimized and the structure and biological activities of FOs were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were inoculation ratio of 3:7, inoculation amount of 1×108 CFU/mL, solid-liquid ratio of 1:3 (g/mL), and fermentation for 3 days. Under these conditions, the content of FOs reached 64.9 μmol/L. The structure of fermented rice bran and FOs was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet, infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the mixed fermentation destroyed the cell wall structure of rice bran, and the prepared FOs were feruloyl esterified oligosaccharides, mainly composed of feruloylated arabinooligosaccharides, xylo-tetraose and xylo-pentaose. At the concentration of 10 mg/mL, the inhibitory rates of FOs on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 58.34% and 95.70%, respectively, which could significantly reduce the hydrolysis rate of rice starch (P<0.05), with a reduction of 6.39%. At the concentration of 1 mg/mL, the scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals were 78.15% and 87.80%, respectively, and FOs could inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with an inhibition rate of 75.45%. This study provides a theoretical basis for the green preparation of FOs and the efficient utilization of rice bran resources.

, authors=Linlin CHEN*, Ming ZHANG, Wei LI, Yingjie ZHOU, Xiao YU, Dong LIANG, Na ZHANG*, authorsList=Linlin CHEN, Ming ZHANG, Wei LI, Yingjie ZHOU, Xiao YU, Dong LIANG, Na ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Linlin CHEN, Na ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320880200494199744, articleId=1320880198409630634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=米糠源阿魏酰低聚糖的混菌发酵制备及生物活性研究, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究米糠阿魏酰低聚糖(feruloyl oligosaccharides,FOs)的高效制备方法及其生物活性,本研究以米糠为原料,采用植物乳杆菌与地衣芽孢杆菌混菌发酵法制备FOs,优化发酵条件并对FOs进行结构表征及生物活性分析。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为:接种比例3:7、接种量1×108 CFU/mL、料液比1:3(g/mL)、发酵3 d,此条件下FOs含量达64.9 μmol/L。通过扫描电镜、紫外、红外光谱及液质联用等方法对发酵米糠及FOs进行结构分析,结果表明:混菌发酵破坏了米糠的细胞壁结构,制备的FOs为阿魏酰基酯化修饰的低聚糖,主要成分为阿魏酰阿拉伯低聚木二糖、木四糖和木五糖。在10 mg/mL质量浓度下,FOs对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别达58.34%和95.70%,可显著降低大米淀粉水解率(P<0.05),水解率降低了6.39%;在1 mg/mL质量浓度下,FOs对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别为78.15%和87.80%,并能抑制晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)生成,抑制率为75.45%。本研究为FOs的绿色制备及米糠资源高效利用提供了理论依据。

, authors=陈林林*, 张铭, 李伟, 周英杰, 于笑, 梁栋, 张娜*, authorsList=陈林林, 张铭, 李伟, 周英杰, 于笑, 梁栋, 张娜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈林林, 张娜, authorNote=

陈林林(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物催化与转化,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈林林(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物催化与转化,E-mail:。
张娜(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物化学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aFyXBsnlKoUp4nwhPuozVw==, magXml=6v7W/AsytR2ZwFmDry2ppw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=jv/CEBgLvTJGRDOE/FWTRg==, pdfFileSize=3243476, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RgG/bNzoSMsrDvJZ6xwEXA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dAkyoJDOnkLgO9VlUg9XcA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320880200796189637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chenlinl2013@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320880200880075719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, authorId=1320880200796189637, language=EN, stringName=Linlin CHEN, firstName=Linlin, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320880200968156104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, authorId=1320880200796189637, language=CN, stringName=陈林林, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028, bio={"content":"

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Foods, 2024, 13(8): 1283., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320880200720692161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880200729080770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, companyId=1320880200720692161, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320880200737469379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, companyId=1320880200720692161, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320880203107251185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of inoculation ratio (A), inoculation amount (B), solid-liquid ratio (C), fermentation days (D) , and strain type (E) on the content of FOs in rice bran during mixed bacterial fermentation, figureFileSmall=x4OWzIWnSbOpldrVrh6Q2Q==, figureFileBig=RgG/bNzoSMsrDvJZ6xwEXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203170165746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图1, caption=混菌发酵米糠接种比例(A)、接种量(B)、料液比(C)、发酵天数(D)、菌种类型(E)对FOs含量的影响

注:不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=x4OWzIWnSbOpldrVrh6Q2Q==, figureFileBig=RgG/bNzoSMsrDvJZ6xwEXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203358909427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes of enzyme activity during rice bran fermentation, figureFileSmall=fPvRlhkGNcJ5uh1rjCHTcQ==, figureFileBig=fzuno1kVhwuKX2SLJUXKHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203430212596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图2, caption=米糠发酵过程中的酶活力变化, figureFileSmall=fPvRlhkGNcJ5uh1rjCHTcQ==, figureFileBig=fzuno1kVhwuKX2SLJUXKHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203497321461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Scanning electron microscope images of rice bran particles with different fermentation days, figureFileSmall=cRcoOSDT6OOGmtH6DheMZQ==, figureFileBig=CDCj1DZi7m5lZUbnu/RbCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203560236022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同发酵天数米糠颗粒的扫描电镜图

注:a、b:未发酵组;c、d:发酵第1 d;e、f:发酵第3 d;g、h:发酵第5 d;i、j:发酵第7 d;a、c、e、g、i为500×,标尺100 μm;b、d、f、h、j为5000×,标尺10 μm。

, figureFileSmall=cRcoOSDT6OOGmtH6DheMZQ==, figureFileBig=CDCj1DZi7m5lZUbnu/RbCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203635733495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Spectroscopic characterization of FOs, figureFileSmall=KXXncLX/G37mQRFw8zZytA==, figureFileBig=NzdGCikPG02IXAQaVibxsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203715425272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图4, caption=FOs的光谱表征

注:(A)紫外光谱图;(B)红外光谱图。

, figureFileSmall=KXXncLX/G37mQRFw8zZytA==, figureFileBig=NzdGCikPG02IXAQaVibxsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203803505657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Total ion flow diagram of FOs, figureFileSmall=kVVwS/UzbqDvIyqtBJHxSA==, figureFileBig=2sPuLJbUVGE61OZFpCvjYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203879003130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图5, caption=FOs的总离子流图, figureFileSmall=kVVwS/UzbqDvIyqtBJHxSA==, figureFileBig=2sPuLJbUVGE61OZFpCvjYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880203937723387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Positive ion mass spectra and chemical structures of FOs corresponding to different chromatographic peaks, figureFileSmall=zEm6cARgHVqdhXBnzVkyFQ==, figureFileBig=ZbR2pBy1OSW6uHsQK9GQnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204017415164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同色谱峰对应的FOs正离子质谱图与化学结构式

注:(a)色谱峰1;(b)色谱峰2;(c)色谱峰3。

, figureFileSmall=zEm6cARgHVqdhXBnzVkyFQ==, figureFileBig=ZbR2pBy1OSW6uHsQK9GQnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204076135421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of different concentrations of FA, FOS, xylose and xylooligosaccharide on α-amylase (A) and α-glucosidase (B) inhibition rate, figureFileSmall=L8a0HRX2qF48srWK/txg/Q==, figureFileBig=fh3feF2PARQGWYChItpFcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204147438590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同浓度FA、FOs、木糖和低聚木糖对α-淀粉酶(A)和α-葡萄糖苷酶(B)抑制率的影响

注:不同大写字母表示相同浓度下不同样品的抑制率存在差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一样品不同浓度的抑制率存在差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=L8a0HRX2qF48srWK/txg/Q==, figureFileBig=fh3feF2PARQGWYChItpFcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204227130367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of FA, FOs, xylose and xylooligosaccharides on hydrolysis rate of rice starch, figureFileSmall=wkOjsMQXH5asxoUH9+NRJg==, figureFileBig=gbg5wd4iILxgMaegOjDEwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204285850624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图8, caption=FA、FOs、木糖和低聚木糖对大米淀粉水解率的影响

注:不同大写字母表示相同消化时间下不同样品的水解率存在差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一样品不同消化时间的水解率存在差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=wkOjsMQXH5asxoUH9+NRJg==, figureFileBig=gbg5wd4iILxgMaegOjDEwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204357152768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of inhibitor concentration on fluorescence intensity, figureFileSmall=Z+DQVd7n3hGGLJrEZx085Q==, figureFileBig=aRL0RCZXqJcCWrSu3Rutpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204428455937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图9, caption=抑制剂浓度对AGEs荧光强度的影响

注:(A)FA,(B)FOs,(C)低聚木糖,(D)木糖。

, figureFileSmall=Z+DQVd7n3hGGLJrEZx085Q==, figureFileBig=aRL0RCZXqJcCWrSu3Rutpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204499759106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Antioxidant capacity of FOs, figureFileSmall=FUL/6KDJ32jmTQRgePf6mQ==, figureFileBig=Em1z2z3QpVmkHJKX8BN1Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204562673667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=图10, caption=FOs的抗氧化能力

注:(A)DPPH自由基清除能力,(B)ABTS+自由基清除能力,(C)总还原能力;不同大写字母表示相同浓度下不同样品的清除率存在差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一样品不同浓度下的清除率存在差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=FUL/6KDJ32jmTQRgePf6mQ==, figureFileBig=Em1z2z3QpVmkHJKX8BN1Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320880204642365444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristic parameters of simulated digestion of rice starch in vitro

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 $ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{\infty }} $(%)k(min−1)RDS(%)SDS(%)RS(%)
大米淀粉41.24±1.760.0471±0.01042.21±0.42a14.46±1.39a43.32±1.73c
低聚木糖37.62±1.130.0440±0.00737.82±0.71b13.91±1.42a48.26±2.11b
木糖35.98±1.430.0451±0.00936.05±0.39c12.50±0.56a51.43±0.96ab
FOs34.61±1.280.0401±0.00734.09±0.24d12.85±0.64a53.04±0.54a
FA33.77±0.910.0409±0.00533.66±0.41d13.32±0.45a53.00±0.75a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880204705280005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大米淀粉体外模拟消化特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称 $ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{\infty }} $(%)k(min−1)RDS(%)SDS(%)RS(%)
大米淀粉41.24±1.760.0471±0.01042.21±0.42a14.46±1.39a43.32±1.73c
低聚木糖37.62±1.130.0440±0.00737.82±0.71b13.91±1.42a48.26±2.11b
木糖35.98±1.430.0451±0.00936.05±0.39c12.50±0.56a51.43±0.96ab
FOs34.61±1.280.0401±0.00734.09±0.24d12.85±0.64a53.04±0.54a
FA33.77±0.910.0409±0.00533.66±0.41d13.32±0.45a53.00±0.75a
), ArticleFig(id=1320880204784971782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Inhibition rate of AGEs formation by samples with different concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抑制率(%)样品浓度(mg/mL)
0.20.40.60.81
FA46.37±1.51Ad75.1±1.32Ac78.7±0.40Ab92.87±0.46Aa94.18±0.55Aa
FOs14.51±1.66Bd49.22±1.55Bc59.95±1.83Bb64.88±1.11Bb75.45±2.02Ba
低聚木糖−6.14±1.13Cc6.19±0.71Cc13.61±0.65Cb46.64±1.43Ca
木糖−−−2.58±0.55Da4.16±0.62Da
), ArticleFig(id=1320880204860469255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320880198409630634, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同浓度样品对AGEs生成的抑制率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抑制率(%)样品浓度(mg/mL)
0.20.40.60.81
FA46.37±1.51Ad75.1±1.32Ac78.7±0.40Ab92.87±0.46Aa94.18±0.55Aa
FOs14.51±1.66Bd49.22±1.55Bc59.95±1.83Bb64.88±1.11Bb75.45±2.02Ba
低聚木糖−6.14±1.13Cc6.19±0.71Cc13.61±0.65Cb46.64±1.43Ca
木糖−−−2.58±0.55Da4.16±0.62Da
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米糠源阿魏酰低聚糖的混菌发酵制备及生物活性研究
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陈林林 * , 张铭 , 李伟 , 周英杰 , 于笑 , 梁栋 , 张娜 *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(15): 107-117
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (15) : 107 -117
米糠源阿魏酰低聚糖的混菌发酵制备及生物活性研究
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陈林林(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物催化与转化,E-mail:

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陈林林* , 张铭, 李伟, 周英杰, 于笑, 梁栋, 张娜*
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028
通讯作者:
陈林林(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物催化与转化,E-mail:。
张娜(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

陈林林(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物催化与转化,E-mail:

Preparation and Biological Activity of Feruloylated Oligosaccharides from Rice Bran by Mixed Strain Fermentation
Linlin CHEN* , Ming ZHANG, Wei LI, Yingjie ZHOU, Xiao YU, Dong LIANG, Na ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070107
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为探究米糠阿魏酰低聚糖(feruloyl oligosaccharides,FOs)的高效制备方法及其生物活性,本研究以米糠为原料,采用植物乳杆菌与地衣芽孢杆菌混菌发酵法制备FOs,优化发酵条件并对FOs进行结构表征及生物活性分析。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为:接种比例3:7、接种量1×108 CFU/mL、料液比1:3(g/mL)、发酵3 d,此条件下FOs含量达64.9 μmol/L。通过扫描电镜、紫外、红外光谱及液质联用等方法对发酵米糠及FOs进行结构分析,结果表明:混菌发酵破坏了米糠的细胞壁结构,制备的FOs为阿魏酰基酯化修饰的低聚糖,主要成分为阿魏酰阿拉伯低聚木二糖、木四糖和木五糖。在10 mg/mL质量浓度下,FOs对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别达58.34%和95.70%,可显著降低大米淀粉水解率(P<0.05),水解率降低了6.39%;在1 mg/mL质量浓度下,FOs对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别为78.15%和87.80%,并能抑制晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)生成,抑制率为75.45%。本研究为FOs的绿色制备及米糠资源高效利用提供了理论依据。

米糠  /  阿魏酰低聚糖  /  混菌发酵  /  生物活性  /  抗氧化活性

To explore the efficient preparation method and biological activities of feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs) from rice bran, FOs were prepared by mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis using rice bran as raw material. The fermentation conditions were optimized and the structure and biological activities of FOs were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were inoculation ratio of 3:7, inoculation amount of 1×108 CFU/mL, solid-liquid ratio of 1:3 (g/mL), and fermentation for 3 days. Under these conditions, the content of FOs reached 64.9 μmol/L. The structure of fermented rice bran and FOs was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet, infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the mixed fermentation destroyed the cell wall structure of rice bran, and the prepared FOs were feruloyl esterified oligosaccharides, mainly composed of feruloylated arabinooligosaccharides, xylo-tetraose and xylo-pentaose. At the concentration of 10 mg/mL, the inhibitory rates of FOs on α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 58.34% and 95.70%, respectively, which could significantly reduce the hydrolysis rate of rice starch (P<0.05), with a reduction of 6.39%. At the concentration of 1 mg/mL, the scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals were 78.15% and 87.80%, respectively, and FOs could inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with an inhibition rate of 75.45%. This study provides a theoretical basis for the green preparation of FOs and the efficient utilization of rice bran resources.

rice bran  /  feruloyl oligosaccharides  /  mixed culture fermentation  /  biological activity  /  antioxidant activity
陈林林, 张铭, 李伟, 周英杰, 于笑, 梁栋, 张娜. 米糠源阿魏酰低聚糖的混菌发酵制备及生物活性研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 107 -117 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070107
Linlin CHEN, Ming ZHANG, Wei LI, Yingjie ZHOU, Xiao YU, Dong LIANG, Na ZHANG. Preparation and Biological Activity of Feruloylated Oligosaccharides from Rice Bran by Mixed Strain Fermentation[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 107 -117 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070107
阿魏酰低聚糖(feruloyl oligosaccharides,FOs)是一类由阿魏酸(ferulic acid,FA)羧基与低聚糖羟基通过酯键共价连接形成的功能性衍生物[1],其聚合度因来源原料和制备方法不同而常见于2~8之间,该结构兼具疏水性阿魏酰基和亲水性低聚糖基团,赋予其多种生理功能。相较于低聚木糖,FOs不仅保留了选择性促进肠道有益菌增殖、改善肠道微生态的核心益生元功能,更因阿魏酸的存在而赋予其抗氧化、抗炎、潜在抗肿瘤及增强免疫调节等多重生物活性,实现了生物功能的协同增效[2]。相较于游离阿魏酸单体,其与低聚糖的结合显著提高了阿魏酸的水溶性、稳定性以及在消化道的靶向递送效率,使其更易被肠道菌群代谢利用,逐步释放活性物质并发挥更持久的健康效益,在保健食品和医药领域应用前景广阔[3]。
谷物麸皮是制备FOs的重要原料,米糠是稻米加工的主要副产物,含有丰富的FOs前体物质-阿拉伯木聚糖。在米糠来源的阿拉伯木聚糖结构中,FA通过酯键密集交联在阿拉伯木聚糖主链的阿拉伯糖残基上,形成高度分支化、水不溶性的大分子网络结构[4],限制了FOs的生物可及性。因此如何从米糠中高效、温和、经济地提取FOs是一个关键问题。传统物理、化学水解法虽然可以断裂糖苷键与酯键,但存在操作繁琐、得率低、副产物多及结构被破坏等不足[5]。酶解法虽然条件温和、特异性高,但成本高且单一酶效率不足,需复合酶系协同作用[6]。相比之下,微生物发酵技术展现出更高效率和经济性[7],避免传统酶解法所需的酶制剂分离及不溶性膳食纤维制备步骤[8],还可以富集产物并生成新活性物质[9]。例如,出芽短梗霉发酵麦麸可使FOs产量达37.47 μmol/L[10],香菇液体发酵米糠优化后FOs产量达0.86 mmol/L[11],而好食脉孢霉固态发酵玉米麸皮经工艺优化后FOs产量提升60.83%[12]。通过混菌发酵,微生物分泌的多种酶能够协同作用,进一步提高酶解效率和FOs的产量[13]。如酵母菌Y5产蛋白酶及淀粉酶,Y9则高产纤维素酶及木聚糖酶,二者混菌发酵可实现对原料中多种组分的同步降解[14]。段元霄等[15]使用酿酒酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌混菌发酵小麦麸皮时,FOs产量最高达0.059 mmol/g,高于部分单菌发酵。然而目前以米糠为基质,采用混菌发酵法制备FOs的研究较少,仍有较大的探索空间。
本文通过植物乳杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌混菌发酵米糠制备FOs,测定发酵过程中的酶活力变化,以明确其对FOs释放的影响,同时对FOs的结构进行表征并分析其生物活性,进一步揭示其在抑制消化酶活性、抑制大米淀粉消化、抗糖基化、抗氧化等方面的作用,为米糠FOs的高效制备及其在功能性食品中的应用提供理论依据。
米糠、大米 黑龙江五常金禾米业有限公司;大米淀粉 采用碱法从大米中进行提取;植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)ATCC8014、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)ATCC11946 上海鲁微科技有限公司;Amberlite XAD-2大孔树脂 日本三菱化工公司;木聚糖、可溶性淀粉、α-淀粉酶(猪胰)(8 U/mg)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(700000 U/mL)、牛血清蛋白 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;其他所用试剂均为分析纯。
JDX-200气浴摇床 上海世平实验设备有限公司;UV-2550紫外-可见分光光度计 岛津仪器公司;Spectrum Two红外光谱仪 美国PerkinElmer公司;F-7000荧光光谱仪、S-3400N型扫描电子显微镜 日本Hitachi公司;MALDISYNAPT MS-超高效液相色谱四级杆飞行时间串联质谱联用仪 美国Waters公司。
分别在MRS和LB培养基中接种植物乳杆菌菌粉和地衣芽孢杆菌菌粉。37 ℃恒温振荡培养至活菌数均≥109 CFU/mL(经2~3代活化复壮)。4 ℃、6000 r/min离心10 min,保留菌体沉淀。用0.9%无菌生理盐水重悬菌体,同条件离心洗涤3次,最后一次洗涤后,向沉淀中加入30 mL生理盐水,充分混匀后备用。
参考董丽红等[16]的方法,略作修改。按v:w=3:1的比例向米糠原料中加入正己烷,25 ℃下恒温脱脂30 min,室温环境中风干,得脱脂米糠。脱脂米糠过50目筛,置于锥形瓶中,121 ℃下灭菌20 min,待冷却后接种植物乳杆菌以及地衣芽孢杆菌菌液,在37 ℃的恒温培养箱内进行固态发酵。
米糠用量为20 g,发酵液pH7.0,37 ℃恒温条件下发酵,以FOs含量为指标进行因素优化,研究混菌比例、料液比、接种比例及发酵时间对混菌发酵米糠制备FOs含量的影响。保持接种量1×107 CFU/mL,料液比1:2 g/mL,发酵时间3 d,植物乳杆菌与地衣芽孢杆菌接种比例1:9、3:7、5:5、7:3、9:1,确定接种比例;保持接种比例3:7,料液比1:2 g/mL,发酵时间3 d,接种量1×104、1×105、1×106、1×107、1×108、1×109 CFU/mL,确定接种量;保持接种比例3:7,接种量1×108 CFU/mL,发酵时间3 d,料液比1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5 g/mL,确定料液比;保持接种比例3:7,接种量1×108 CFU/mL,料液比1:3 g/mL,发酵时间1、2、3、4、5、6、7 d,确定发酵时间。
米糠用量为20 g,pH7.0,37 ℃恒温条件下发酵。植物乳杆菌:接种量1×106 CFU/mL,料液比1:3 g/mL,发酵4 d;地衣芽孢杆菌:接种量1×107 CFU/mL,料液比1:2 g/mL,发酵3 d。
参考肖凯等[12]的方法,略作修改。发酵米糠湿样经50 ℃干燥24 h后粉碎,加入去离子水1:10(w/v),80 ℃水浴30 min,4 ℃、5000 r/min离心10 min,保留上清液,FOs含量采用双波长分光光度法测定。
阿魏酸的摩尔吸光系数(L·mol−1·cm−1):ε'345=19662,ε'375=7630;FOs摩尔吸光系数(L·mol−1·cm−1):ε345=23064,ε375=31430。FOs含量按式(1)进行计算:
$ \text{C}=\frac{({\varepsilon '}_{345}\times {\text{A}}_{375}-{\varepsilon }'_{375}\times {\text{A}}_{345})\times \text{b}}{{\varepsilon }'_{345}\times {\varepsilon }_{375}-{\varepsilon }_{345}\times {\varepsilon }'_{375}} $
式中:b为比色皿的厚度,1 cm;C为阿魏酸低聚糖的含量,mol/L;A345为345 nm波长下的吸光度,A375为375 nm波长下的吸光度。
参考El-SHISHTAWY等[17]的方法,略作修改。于最优条件下制备FOs,发酵培养7 d,每24 h取样。样品经冷冻干燥24 h后,按1:20(w/v)料水比与去离子水混合,摇床振荡2 h,8000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液得粗酶液。
参考KEHAROM等[18]的方法,略作修改。取粗酶液0.5 mL与1 mL可溶性淀粉溶液(pH5.6)混合,37 ℃水浴1 h,DNS法测定生成的还原糖量,以此计算淀粉酶活力。
取粗酶液0.5 mL与1 mL羧甲基纤维素钠溶液(pH4.8)混合,37 ℃水浴1 h,DNS法测定生成的还原糖量,以此计算纤维素酶活力。
参考刘平等[19]的方法,略作修改。将粗酶液0.5 mL与1 mL酪蛋白溶液混合均匀,40 ℃水浴10 min。加入2 mL TCA终止反应,继续水浴20 min;离心取上清液1 mL,加入5 mL Na2CO3溶液以及0.3 mL的福林酚溶液,在40 ℃下显色,保持30 min。冷却后在680 nm测定吸光度,计算蛋白酶活力。
参考MENG等[20]的研究方法,略作修改。取粗酶液0.5 mL与1 mL木聚糖溶液(pH5.0)混合,55 ℃水浴45 min,DNS法测定生成的还原糖量,以此计算木聚糖酶活力。
参考宋春艳等[21]的方法,略作修改。使用1.2.2.1的方法制备发酵米糠提取液,提取液中蛋白质用Sevage试剂去除。使用Amberlite XAD-2大孔树脂进行纯化:上样流速为1 mL/min,先使用3倍柱体积的蒸馏水洗脱杂质,再以使用50%乙醇以4倍柱体积、1.5 mL/min流速来解吸FOs,旋蒸洗脱液,冻干得FOs固体样品。
分别取未发酵米糠及混菌发酵第1、3、5、7 d的米糠样品,干燥后样品经离子溅射法镀金,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表面结构。
采用100 mmol/L pH6.0的MOPS缓冲液稀释纯化FOs和FA固体样品,在200~400 nm紫外波长下进行扫描。
将纯化后的FOs固体样品与溴化钾粉末混合,研磨压制成厚度为1 mm的颗粒,记录4000~400 cm−1 FOs的傅立叶变换红外光谱图。
液相色谱条件:色谱柱:Accucore C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm);流动相:溶剂A为乙腈溶液;溶剂B为水溶液(0.5%甲酸,v/v),等度洗脱,流速1 mL/min;柱温25 ℃;进样量20 µL,检测波长:325 nm;质谱条件:离子源:ESI源,源电压4.0 kV;正离子检测,质量扫描范围为m/z 1000~1300;鞘气(N2)流速:20 Arb;辅助气(N2)流速:10 Arb;毛细管温度:300 ℃;毛细管电压:−15 V。液质联用时分流,使150 µL/min液体进入ESI源。
参考WANG等[22]的方法。分别配制2~10 mg/mL的FOs、FA、木糖和低聚木糖溶液。对照空白组加入PBS 700 µL;对照组加入PBS 300 µL、α-淀粉酶溶液(20 U/mL)400 µL;样品空白组加入PBS 300 µL、样液400 µL;样品组加入样液300 µL、酶溶液400 µL;37 ℃水浴反应10 min,之后加入300 μL的5%大米淀粉溶液,继续反应10 min。取100 μL反应液与DNS试剂混合后,在沸水浴中显色5 min,在540 nm 波长处测定吸光度,并根据公式(2)计算α-淀粉酶的抑制率。
$\rm 抑制率({\text{%}})=\frac{{{(A}}_{1}-{{A}}_{2})-{{(A}}_{3}-{{A}}_{4})}{{{A}}_{1}-{{A}}_{2}}\times 100 $
式中:A1为对照组吸光度;A2为对照空白组吸光度;A3为样品组吸光度;A4为样品空白组吸光度。
对照空白组加入pH6.8的PBS 800 µL;对照组加入PBS 400 µL、α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液1.5(U/mL)400 µL;样品空白组加入PBS 400 µL、样液400 µL;样品组加入样液400 µL、酶溶液400 µL;37 ℃水浴反应5 min,之后加入pNPG(2.5 mmol/L)400 μL,37 ℃水浴反应15 min,最后加入1.6 mL的Na2CO3溶液终止反应,在405 nm处测其吸光度,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率按式(2)计算。
参考WANG等[23]的方法,略作修改。采用体外动态人胃肠系统进行体外消化,模拟唾液(SSF)、模拟胃液(SGF)及模拟肠液(SIF)均依据INFOGEST标准化流程配制。分别配制10 mg/mL的FOs、FA、木糖和低聚木糖溶液,与等体积大米淀粉混合,对照组为纯大米淀粉溶液。将样品与SSF按1:1体积混合,α-淀粉酶终浓度为75 U/mL,维持pH为7.0,37 ℃振荡孵育2 min,模拟口腔消化。结束后加入等体积SGF,胃蛋白酶终浓度为2000 U/mL,维持pH为3.0,37 ℃振荡120 min,模拟胃消化。结束后加入等体积SIF,胰酶和淀粉糖苷酶的终浓度分别为200 U/mL和320 U/mL,维持pH为7.0,37 ℃持续振荡。不同时间取等量反应液,加无水乙醇灭酶,DNS法测定葡萄糖量,淀粉水解率根据公式(3)来计算。
$\rm 淀粉水解率({\text{%}})=\frac{{\text{G}}_{\text{t}}\times 0.9}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
式中:Gt表示不同时间内释放的葡萄糖量,mg;TS表示样品含有总淀粉的质量,mg。
大米淀粉经FOs抑制消化后,按公式(4)~(6)计算出其快速消化淀粉(RDS)、慢消化淀粉(SDS)和抗性淀粉(RS)的含量。
$ \rm {RSD({\text{%}})}=\frac{{\text{(G}}_{120}-{\text{G}}_{0})\times 0.9}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$ \rm {SDS({\text{%}})}=\frac{{\text{(G}}_{120}-{\text{G}}_{20})\times 0.9}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$ \rm {RS({\text{%}})}=\text{[TS}-\text{(RSD}+\text{SDS)]}\times 100 $
式中:G0表示淀粉水解前含有的葡萄糖质量,mg;G20为淀粉在20 min内水解释放的葡萄糖质量,mg;G120为淀粉在120 min内水解释放的葡萄糖质量,mg;TS代表样品含有总淀粉的质量,mg。
FOs抑制大米淀粉消化动力学模型为一级反应,如公式(7)所示:
$ {\text{C}}_{\text{t}}={\text{C}}_{\mathrm{\infty }}(1-{\text{e}}^{-\text{kt}}) $
式中:Ct为消化时间t(min)时大米淀粉的水解度,C∞是反应达到终点时最终的水解度,k是消化速率常数(min−1)。
参考JIA等[24]的方法,略作修改。设空白组及FOs、FA、木糖、低聚木糖组(0.2~1 mg/mL);用0.10 mol/L pH7.0磷酸缓冲液配制10 mg/mL牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和500 mmol/L葡萄糖(Glu)溶液;取1 mL样液与1 mL BSA溶液、1 mL Glu溶液混合,100 ℃水浴40 min后冰水浴冷却,以荧光光谱仪在激发波长337 nm、发射波长350~550 nm范围内测糖基化BSA荧光强度,按式(8)计算AGEs生成抑制率。
$ 抑制率({\text{%}})=\frac{{\text{F}}_{0}-\text{F}}{{\text{F}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中:F0为BSA-葡萄糖体系空白组的荧光强度,F为样品组的荧光强度。
参考潘志涛等[25]的方法,略作修改。将纯化后的FOs、FA、低聚木糖配制成0.01~1 mg/mL的溶液,取样液与等体积0.1 mmol/L DPPH-无水乙醇溶液混匀,避光反应30 min并在517 nm处测定吸光度,A1、A2、A0分别为样液与DPPH混合液、样液与无水乙醇混合液、去离子水与DPPH混合液的吸光度,其清除能力按公式(9)计算:
$ \rm DPPH自由基清除率({\text{%}})=\frac{A_0-(A_1-A_2)}{A_0}\times 100 $
参考袁欣等[26]的方法,略作修改。将7 mmol/L ABTS 溶液与2.45 mmol/L过硫酸钾溶液1:1混合,避光静置16 h,稀释储备液至734 nm吸光值为0.70±0.02。将纯化后的FOs、FA、低聚木糖配制成0.01~1 mg/mL的溶液,取样液与等体积ABTS溶液混合,避光反应10 min并在734 nm处测定吸光度,A1为样液与ABTS混合液吸光度,A0为去离子水与ABTS混合液吸光度,清除能力按式(10)进行计算:
$\rm ABTS^+ 自由基清除率({\text{%}})=\frac{A_0-A_1}{A_0}\times 100 $
参考MALINO等[27]的方法。制备FRAP溶液,将纯化后的FOs、FA、低聚木糖配制成0.01~1 mg/mL的溶液,取样液与等体积FRAP工作液混合,在593 nm波长下,避光反应10 min,测定各混合液的吸光值A。吸光值的大小反映样液的总还原能力,吸光值越大,表示总还原能力越强。
所有实验重复进行3次,数据结果以平均值±标准差表示;使用SPSS 27.0软件对实验数据进行处理,通过LSD法进行显著性分析,显著性水平P<0.05;利用Origin 2022软件绘制图表。
由图1可知,植物乳杆菌与地衣芽孢杆菌以3:7比例混菌发酵时,FOs含量达最高为53.4 μmol/L,两菌种协同作用通过分泌互补酶系显著提升底物利用率,共同释放可发酵底物。接种量为1×108 CFU/mL时,FOs含量达到峰值57.5 μmol/L,超过该接种量可能会因营养竞争和代谢副产物积累导致FOs产量下降。FOs含量在料液比1:3 g/mL时最高达62.3 μmol/L,高料液比导致米糠浓度降低,底物供应不足限制微生物代谢活性,进而抑制FOs合成。FOs含量于第3 d达到最高值64.9 μmol/L,之后逐渐下降。发酵初期微生物酶活性快速提升,加速分解米糠中的多糖及蛋白质,释放碳源和氮源促进FOs合成,后期可能因底物耗尽或代谢副产物积累导致产量下降。卜雯丽等[28]利用出芽短梗霉固态发酵啤酒糟,FOs产量在第4 d达到最高37.67 μmol/L。本研究中,植物乳杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌单菌发酵制备FOs的含量分别在第4 d和第3 d达到最高46.87 μmol/L和57.23 μmol/L,而混菌发酵体系在3 d内达到64.9 μmol/L,表明菌种协同作用可以提高FOs的制备效率。因此,混菌发酵米糠制备FOs的最优条件为接种比例3:7、接种量1×108 CFU/mL、料液比1:3 g/mL、发酵时间3 d。
由图2可知,发酵期间,4种酶的活力均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。淀粉酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的活性在发酵的第3 d达到了峰值,蛋白酶的活性则在发酵的第4 d达到了最高值,酶活力分别为0.18、0.47、0.17和0.31 U/mL,FOs的含量在第3 d也达到了最高值。木聚糖酶是FOs合成的关键酶,直接断裂木聚糖的糖苷键并释放结合态阿魏酸,生成FOs单体[29],而淀粉酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶可通过提供碳源、释放前体物质及暴露木聚糖作用位点等间接作用,共同强化木聚糖酶的催化过程,从而提升FOs生成效率[1]。
未发酵米糠和发酵米糠的微观结构如图3所示,未发酵米糠(a,b)呈完整球形且表面光滑致密,表明其细胞壁结构完整。发酵第1 d(c,d)米糠颗粒表面出现局部破损和粗糙化,表明植物乳杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌所分泌的酶开始降解米糠中的淀粉、蛋白质及纤维组分,米糠细胞壁的致密结构部分被破坏。发酵第3 d(e,f),颗粒破碎程度加深且结构显著松散,此时FOs含量达到峰值。可能是由于结构松散增大了酶与底物的接触面积,加速FOs生成。发酵第5 d(g,h),颗粒转变为细小片状并形成疏松网络结构,表明细胞壁多糖被大量分解为低分子量片段,但FOs含量可能因微生物代谢消耗而开始下降。发酵第7 d(i,j),颗粒几乎完全崩解为高度分散的片状结构,但酶活性降低可能导致FOs合成效率降低。
混菌发酵米糠制备FOs的紫外光谱如图4(A)所示,FOs与FA均在325、286 nm附近有吸收峰,表明二者之间有相似结构。混菌发酵米糠制备的FOs在325 nm处的吸收强度较FA有明显提升,这是因为FOs的FA基团通过酯键与低聚糖骨架相连,这证明发酵米糠来源的FOs中,阿魏酰基主要以酯化形态存在。红外光谱图4(B)进一步揭示了FOs的分子结构特征:3306 cm−1处的吸收峰对应于O-H的伸缩振动,表明分子中存在羟基及氢键网络,2934 cm−1处的吸收峰源于脂肪族C-H伸缩振动,通常与糖类分子中的-CH2和-CH基团相关[30]。1730 cm−1处的吸收峰是C=O的伸缩振动,表明FA与糖单元通过酯键连接[31]。1404 cm−1和1245 cm−1处的吸收峰可能为C-H键的变角振动,898 cm−1处的吸收峰是β-吡喃糖苷键中C-H变角振动[32],证实糖单元为吡喃环构型。以上结果表明混菌发酵米糠所制备的产物为阿魏酰基酯化修饰的低聚糖类化合物即FOs。
由图5可以看出,FOs展现出良好的分离效果,正离子模式下分别检测到三个特征峰,保留时间:4.1、4.9、7.2 min,依次标注为色谱峰1~3。由图6可知,峰1的准分子离子[M+Na]+ m/z为613,推断其分子量为590;峰2的准分子离子[M+H]+ m/z为855,推断其分子量为854;峰3的准分子离子[M+Na]+ m/z为1008,推断其分子量为986。FOs由酯化的阿魏酸、阿拉伯糖和木糖构成,且阿魏酸通过酯键连接阿拉伯木聚糖侧链,可进一步推断色谱峰1、2、3分别对应于FOs2(分子量590),FOs4(分子量854)以及FOs5(分子量986),这些结构与FOs的已知分类一致。龚冰烨[33]的研究表明,酶解法制备的FOs聚合度分布较宽,主要为4~8,而发酵法所得FOs聚合度更集中,主要为4~6,产物均一性更高。
如图7所示,FA、FOs、木糖和低聚木糖对两种消化酶均具有抑制作用,且随着质量浓度升高,抑制作用逐渐增强。在相同质量浓度下,FOs的抑制率略低于FA,显著高于木糖以及低聚木糖的抑制活性(P<0.05)。在浓度为10 mg/mL时,FOs对两种酶的抑制活性与阳性对照FA相当,抑制率为58.34%和95.70%,无显著性差异(P>0.05),表明FOs在高浓度下具有与FA相当的酶抑制潜力。FA结构中含有的羟基和羧基可能增强了其与酶的结合能力,从而提高了抑制效果[34]。FOs对两种酶的抑制效果相较于FA略低,可能由于FOs的酯化作用使部分游离羧基被占据,从而减弱了与酶的结合,同时低聚糖链的空间位阻效应也可能会阻碍阿魏酸基团与酶活性中心的充分接触。
如图8所示,在模拟肠消化阶段(180 min)内,淀粉水解速率呈现快速上升趋势。在模拟肠消化进行至180 min时,大米淀粉水解度为43.54%,而当添加FOs后,水解度降为37.15%,显著低于原大米淀粉组及添加木糖、低聚木糖组(P<0.05),但与FA组无显著差异(P>0.05)。动力学分析表明(表1),FOs组的速率常数k值最低,为0.0401 min−1,表明FOs可有效延缓大米淀粉水解。原大米淀粉三种淀粉含量分别为42.21%、14.46%和43.32%,添加FOs后,RDS和SDS含量降至34.09%和12.85%,RS含量为53.04%,表明FOs可以通过降低RDS和SDS含量,增加RS含量来抑制大米淀粉的消化。FA通过减少酶与底物的接触或直接抑制酶活性来降低水解率。FOs部分保留了FA的抑制特性,但因分子量较小,其抑制效果稍弱于FA。相比之下,木糖和低聚木糖因分子结构简单,缺乏酚羟基等活性基团,抑制能力有限。龚冰烨[33]研究发现,FOs在10%添加量下对α-淀粉酶活性有明显的抑制效果,可减少RSD含量,而低聚木糖对淀粉的消化抑制作用不明显。
如图9所示,在添加FA和FOs后,糖基化BAS的荧光强度显著降低(P<0.05),并呈现剂量依赖性效应,证明FA及FOs对AGEs的生成均具有抑制效果。0.2 mg/mL的低聚木糖及0.2~0.6 mg/mL的木糖反而促进了AGEs生成,这可能是由于糖类底物在低浓度下加速了非酶糖基化反应的早期阶段,而在高浓度下可能竞争性占据蛋白质活性位点,阻碍葡萄糖与蛋白质的结合。由表2可知,在1 mg/mL浓度下,FA、FOs对AGEs的抑制率分别为94.18%±0.55%、75.45%±2.02%,而低聚木糖和木糖的抑制效果较弱。WANG等[35]的研究也表明,FOs对AGEs有较强的抑制作用,在BSA-Glu模拟体系中,1.0 mg/mL的小麦麸皮FOs对AGEs抑制率可达64%。FA是一种小分子酚酸,其游离羧基和酚羟基结构使其能直接与蛋白质活性位点结合,形成稳定的复合物,从而有效抑制AGEs的形成。FOs是FA的酯化衍生物,其酯键结构阻碍了活性基团与蛋白质的直接结合,因此抑制效果低于FA[36],但通过抗氧化途径仍可以显著抑制糖基化反应。
由图10可知,随FOs质量浓度的提高,其对DPPH以及ABTS+自由基的清除率及其总还原能力均逐渐增强,且在同一浓度下,显著高于低聚木糖(P<0.05)。当质量浓度达到1 mg/mL时,FOs的抗氧化能力与FA接近,对DPPH自由基的清除率为78.15%,对ABTS+自由基的清除率为87.80%,总还原能力为3.50。FA、FOs和低聚木糖对DPPH自由基清除率的IC50值分别为0.007、0.26和8.98 mg/mL,对ABTS+自由基清除率的IC50值分别为0.009、0.088和8.62 mg/mL,清除自由基能力FA>FOs>低聚木糖。FOs的抗氧化活性主要源自其分子内部的阿魏酸基团与低聚糖结构之间的协同效应。FA分子结构中的酚羟基具有高效电子供给能力,而FOs作为寡聚体可能因空间位阻或活性基团掩蔽导致自由基捕获能力减弱[37]。YIN等[38]通过酶法从白酒酒糟提取FOs,对DPPH和ABTS+自由基具有明显的清除活性,其Trolox当量分别为366.8±10.38和0.35±0.01 mmol/mg样品,但清除效果弱于FA。酶解法制备的FOs聚合度范围大于发酵法[33],这种结构差异可能导致酶解法FOs在高浓度时表现出更强自由基清除能力,而发酵法FOs在低浓度(1 mg/mL)下即接近FA活性。这一现象可能与发酵法产物具有更小的分子量或更高的活性基团暴露度有关,使其在低浓度下即可高效发挥抗氧化作用。
本文建立了一种混菌发酵米糠制备FOs的绿色方法,通过植物乳杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌的协同作用,促进了米糠细胞壁的降解及阿魏酰基酯化修饰低聚糖的释放。优化结果显示,混菌发酵的最优条件为接种比例3:7、接种量1×108 CFU/mL、料液比1:3 g/mL、发酵3 d,在此条件下FOs含量达到64.9 μmol/L,发酵过程中淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和蛋白酶的活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中木聚糖酶在第3 d达到峰值0.17 U/mL,为FOs合成的关键酶。结构表征分析证明所制备FOs具有多个聚合度,FA通过酯键与低聚糖的羟基结合,这种修饰使FOs兼具糖链与酚酸的双亲性质,增强其生物可及性。生物活性研究表明FOs浓度为10 mg/mL时对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别为58.34%和95.70%,大米淀粉水解率降低了6.39%,当质量浓度达到1 mg/mL时,对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除率分别达78.15%和87.80%,对AGEs生成的抑制率为75.45%。本研究为米糠的高值化利用提供了新途径,也为FOs作为功能性成分在人体健康等领域的潜在应用提供了依据。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070107
  • 接收时间:2025-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-10
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    哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028

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陈林林(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物催化与转化,E-mail:。
张娜(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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