Article(id=1320881330565533763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070048, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852249995, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852249995, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852249995, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852249995, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=381, endPage=394, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881330779443268, articleId=1320881330565533763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Composition of Non-volatile Phenolic Compounds and Volatile Flavor Characteristics of Marselan Dry Red Wine from the Hebei Region, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To extensively analyze the typical characteristics of nonvolatile phenolic compounds (monomeric phenols and anthocyanins) and volatile flavor compounds in Marselan dry red wines from different subregions within the Hebei region, commercially representative Marselan wines from various wineries in Changli and Huailai were examined. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) techniques were employed to detect the non-volatile phenolic compounds (monomeric phenols, anthocyanins) and volatile flavor compounds in the samples. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in varieties of monomeric phenols (numbering 25) among different wine samples, with content ranging from 55.84 to 143.97 mg/L, where gallic acid had the highest content among the 25 monomeric phenolics. The content of anthocyanins (numbering 17) in different wine samples also differed significantly (P<0.05), ranging from 1.99 to 34.11 mg/L, where malvidin-3-galactoside had the highest content among the 17 anthocyanins. Comprehensive monomer phenol and anthocyanin detection revealed that samples from the 2017 Chateau Moutai Phoenix Marselan and 2018 Chateau Kings Selected Marselan wines were especially rich in nonvolatile phenolic compounds. Through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), monomeric phenols and anthocyanins could be used to effectively distinguish between Marselan wine samples from different wineries in Hebei province. Overall, 150 kinds of volatile components were identified. Of these, nine volatile components with OAV>1 contributed significantly to wine flavors. These included ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate, which gave Hebei Marselan wine the typical characteristics of sweet and fragrant flowers and fruits. Volatile component profile, cluster thermogram, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) highlighted differences in the characteristic flavor components in Marselan wines from different wineries. In OPLS-DA, seven main flavor characteristic markers (VIP values), which could be used to distinguish between Marselan wine samples from different wineries in Hebei province were further screened, among which phenylethanol, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl hexanoate (VIP values>2.64) were the key distinguishing factors. This study provides data to clarify the typical style characteristics of Marselan wines from different wineries in Hebei province and establishes a methodological reference for analyzing the influence of micro-regional terroir differences in the same producing area on the typical style characteristics of wines in depth.

, authors=Dongliang YU1, Yunzhen LIU1, Lulu HUANG1, Jian ZHANG1, Dongxu ZHENG1, Ang ZHANG2, *, Lihui JIA1, Gaofeng WANG1, authorsList=Dongliang YU, Yunzhen LIU, Lulu HUANG, Jian ZHANG, Dongxu ZHENG, Ang ZHANG, Lihui JIA, Gaofeng WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881334264909907, articleId=1320881330565533763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=河北产区马瑟兰干红葡萄酒非挥发性酚类物质组成及其挥发性风味特征研究, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为深入解析河北产区不同产地马瑟兰干红葡萄酒中非挥发性酚类物质(单体酚、花色苷)和挥发性风味物质的典型特征,以产区内昌黎、怀来不同酒庄的市售代表性马瑟兰干红葡萄酒为研究对象,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(Headspace Solid-phase Micro Extraction Mass Spectrometry coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,对样品的非挥发性酚类物质(单体酚、花色苷)及挥发性风味物质进行检测。结果表明,不同酒样的单体酚类物质存在显著差异(P<0.05),含量范围为55.84~143.97 mg/L,其中没食子酸在25种单体酚中含量最高;不同酒样的花色苷含量也存在显著差异(P<0.05),含量范围为1.99~34.11 mg/L,其中锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷在17种花色苷中含量最高;综合单体酚和花色苷的检测结果表明,茅台凤凰庄园2017马瑟兰和2018金士马瑟兰精选级酒样中酚类物质更丰富。通过层次聚类分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis,HCA),单体酚和花色苷均可有效将河北产区内不同酒庄马瑟兰酒样区分开来。同时,挥发性成分共鉴定出150种,其中9种挥发性成分的香气活性值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)>1,对风味贡献显著,包括异戊酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、辛酸乙酯等,赋予河北马瑟兰葡萄酒甜美馥郁的花香和果香的典型特征;挥发性成分轮廓图、聚类热图以及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA)显示不同酒庄马瑟兰酒样风味成分特征各异。在OPLS-DA中进一步筛选出7种可区分河北产区不同酒庄马瑟兰酒样的主要风味特征标志物(Variable Importance in Projection,VIP),其中苯乙醇、辛酸乙酯、己酸乙酯(VIP值>2.64)为关键区分因子。本研究为阐明河北产区不同酒庄马瑟兰葡萄酒的典型风格特征提供了数据支撑,也为深入解析同一产区微域风土差异对葡萄酒典型风格特征的影响建立了方法学参考。

, authors=余东亮1, 刘云珍1, 黄露露1, 张建1, 郑东许1, 张昂2, *, 贾黎晖1, 王高峰1, authorsList=余东亮, 刘云珍, 黄露露, 张建, 郑东许, 张昂, 贾黎晖, 王高峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张昂, authorNote=

余东亮(1982−),男,博士,研究方向:葡萄与葡萄酒学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张昂(1982−),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品真实性及质量安全,E-mail:。
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余东亮(1982−),男,博士,研究方向:葡萄与葡萄酒学,E-mail:

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余东亮(1982−),男,博士,研究方向:葡萄与葡萄酒学,E-mail:

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articleId=1320881330565533763, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Cross-validation results of OPLS-DA model, figureFileSmall=k634+1XwljkG1xjHYV7wMg==, figureFileBig=96JCssvLrVbeI7YFGUDD0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881648443441735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=CN, label=图6, caption=OPLS-DA模型交叉验证结果, figureFileSmall=k634+1XwljkG1xjHYV7wMg==, figureFileBig=96JCssvLrVbeI7YFGUDD0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881648510550600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=VIP scores based on OPLS-DA, figureFileSmall=ax/pvG5wZp/sp0tFKKCqdA==, figureFileBig=4PkFYiAvVpA8WpeqhpFgAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881648573465161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于OPLS-DA分析VIP得分, figureFileSmall=ax/pvG5wZp/sp0tFKKCqdA==, figureFileBig=4PkFYiAvVpA8WpeqhpFgAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881648644768330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Wine sample information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编号品种产区年份酒样名称
1JS2017马瑟兰昌黎2017年2017金士马瑟兰珍藏级
2JS2018马瑟兰昌黎2018年2018金士马瑟兰珍藏级
3JS2016马瑟兰昌黎2016年2016金士马瑟兰珍藏级
4JS20172马瑟兰昌黎2017年2017金士马瑟兰精选级
5JS20182马瑟兰昌黎2018年2018金士马瑟兰精选级
6LS2018马瑟兰昌黎2018年朗格斯2018马瑟兰精选
7MT2017马瑟兰昌黎2017年茅台凤凰庄园2017马瑟兰
8HG2017马瑟兰怀来2017年怀谷2017马瑟兰
9GZ2017马瑟兰怀来2017年贵族庄园2017马瑟兰
10MD308马瑟兰怀来2018年马丁酒庄308马瑟兰
11HX92赤霞珠昌黎2018年华夏92
), ArticleFig(id=1320881648724460107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

葡萄酒样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编号品种产区年份酒样名称
1JS2017马瑟兰昌黎2017年2017金士马瑟兰珍藏级
2JS2018马瑟兰昌黎2018年2018金士马瑟兰珍藏级
3JS2016马瑟兰昌黎2016年2016金士马瑟兰珍藏级
4JS20172马瑟兰昌黎2017年2017金士马瑟兰精选级
5JS20182马瑟兰昌黎2018年2018金士马瑟兰精选级
6LS2018马瑟兰昌黎2018年朗格斯2018马瑟兰精选
7MT2017马瑟兰昌黎2017年茅台凤凰庄园2017马瑟兰
8HG2017马瑟兰怀来2017年怀谷2017马瑟兰
9GZ2017马瑟兰怀来2017年贵族庄园2017马瑟兰
10MD308马瑟兰怀来2018年马丁酒庄308马瑟兰
11HX92赤霞珠昌黎2018年华夏92
), ArticleFig(id=1320881648799957580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Contents of monophenolic compounds in 11 kinds of wine (mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称英文名称类型朗格斯
2018精选
茅台凤凰
2017
怀古2017贵族庄园
2017
华夏92马丁3082017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2016金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
顺式白藜芦醇cis-resveratrol芪类物质0.07±0h0.57±0f1.11±0.01b0.72±0d1.3±0.01a0.42±0g0.43±0g0.69±0.05e0.83±0.01c0.59±0f0.57±0.01f
桑色素morin hydrate黄酮类0.92±0.03d0.73±0g1.16±0a1.07±0.01c1.12±0.01b0.76±0.01fg0.66±0.01h0.74±0.01g0.79±0.02f0.86±0e0.68±0.01h
咖啡酸caffeic acid酚酸类8.92±0.03a3.38±0.01h5.15±0.07f5.5±0.06d3.57±0.01g5.36±0.03e3.7±0.02g2.35±0.01i8.02±0.11b3.58±0.02g7.46±0.1c
阿魏酸ferulic acid酚酸类0.39±0.01a0.3±0b0.23±0e0.26±0cd0.16±0g0.26±0c0.14±0h0.14±0h0.25±0d0.13±0h0.2±0f
(-)-表没食子儿茶素(-)-epigallocatechin黄烷醇1.21±0.01i5.96±0.06e3.91±0.01g5.1±0.03f4.13±0.04g3.29±0.03h7.5±0.14d8.45±0.32c10.4±0a9.11±0.13b8.94±0.22b
(-)-表没食子儿茶素
没食子酸酯
(-)-epigallocatechin gallate黄烷醇−−−−−−0.22±0.01a0.04±0b0.04±0.01b0.03±0.01c0.01±0d
(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯(-)-epicatechin gallate黄烷醇−−0.08±0c−−−0.51±0.04a0.09±0bc0.11±0.01b0.09±0.01bc0.04±0d
没食子酸gallic acid酚酸类7.91±0.03g32.45±0.07a24.85±0.35b22.85±0.35c23.35±0.21c11.85±0.21f19.5±0.57d17.95±0.21e19.9±0.57d17.85±0.07e23.55±0.21c
虎杖苷polydatin芪类物质0.03±0k0.55±0i1.07±0.07g0.72±0.01h1.46±0.01e0.43±0.02j1.27±0.01f2.27±0.07a2.18±0.05b1.72±0.03d1.81±0.04c
葡萄素viniferin芪类物质0.07±0cd0.05±0ef0.06±0de0.05±0f0.03±0h0.12±0b0.04±0g0.07±0.01c0.06±0de0.07±0.01cd0.14±0a
原儿茶酸/3,4-二羟基苯甲酸protocatechuate acid酚酸类0.37±0g2.3±0.03a1.18±0.01d0.45±0f2.35±0.06a0.43±0fg1.2±0.01d1.58±0.07c1.16±0.02d0.92±0.01e2.11±0.02b
槲皮素quercetin黄酮醇6.69±0.1e8.26±0.18d5.84±0.07f5.14±0.06g11.8±0.14b11.4±0.14b5.75±0.07f14±0.14a6.06±0.1f10.33±0.52c4.86±0.11g
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷quercetin-3-glucoside黄酮醇0.34±0g0.25±0h1.98±0.03b2.01±0.03b1.78±0.02c0.28±0gh1.35±0.11e0.6±0.02f1.44±0.01d2.27±0.01a0.53±0f
山柰酚kaemperol黄酮醇−−−−0.12±0c−0.1±0.01c0.2±0.03b0.11±0c0.23±0a0.03±0d
对香豆酸trans-p-coumaric
acid
酚酸类4.95±0.06a3.12±0.01d1.8±0.04gh2.23±0.1f2.61±0.03e2.6±0.1e1.69±0.05hi1.66±0.04i3.71±0.04b1.81±0.04g3.46±0c
漆黄素fisetin黄酮醇−−−−−−0.02±0b0.02±0.01b0.02±0b0.07±0a0.02±0b
白皮杉醇piceatannol芪类物质0.22±0.03b0.18±0c0.09±0f0.09±0f0.1±0f0.27±0a0.06±0.01g0.15±0.01de0.15±0.01e0.17±0cd0.06±0g
杨梅素myricetin黄酮醇6.51±0.05e9.19±0.14d14.8±0.28a12.2±0.14b11.2±0.28c6.99±0.11e12.25±0.35b9.87±0.47d15.6±0.57a12.8±0.57b10.13±0.81d
香草酸vanillic acid酚酸类1.32±0d1.61±0.07c1.31±0.02d1.4±0.04d2.57±0.04a1.74±0.06b0.88±0.08f1.09±0.02e0.63±0.01g0.83±0f0.91±0.02f
白藜芦醇resveratrol芪类物质0.43±0g1.43±0.06a0.89±0.05d0.76±0.05ef1.02±0.01c1.22±0b0.39±0.02g0.92±0.05cd0.87±0.02de0.75±0.11f0.83±0.03def
(+)-儿茶素(+)-catechin黄烷醇7.46±0.2f14.8±0.28cd13.35±0.07de14.35±0.21d7.77±0.18f16.65±0.07b12.75±0.07e13.2±0.14e15.55±1.06c17.15±0.21b20.05±0.21a
(-)-表儿茶素(-)-epicatechin黄烷醇4.25±0.04i9.8±0.06d7.27±0.21fg8.32±0.08e4.97±0.05h10.75±0.21b7.12±0.23g7.59±0f9.65±0.33d10.35±0.07c13.05±0.07a
原花青素 B1procyandin B1黄烷醇0.3±0.01h17±0.28a10.55±0.21c11.7±0.14b6.06±0.07f16.4±0.42a4.92±0.11g7.14±0.08e8.27±0.86d8.3±0.02d10.45±0.07c
原花青素 B2procyandin B2黄烷醇2.36±0.08i12.9±0.28b10.35±0.35c9.12±0.25d4.26±0.12g13.6±0.28a3.31±0.16h4.41±0.25fg4.85±0.06f5.85±0.04e9.11±0.21d
原花青素 C1procyandin C1黄烷醇1.13±0.08h19.15±0.21b11.9±0.42d19.4±0b6.06±0.14g18.1±0c8.01±0.02f10.13±0.52e11.5±0.14d12.05±0.35d20±0.28a
总含量/55.84±0.55h143.97±0.49a118.91±1.53d123.43±0.65c97.75±0.7f122.92±1.18c93.74±4.78g105.33±5.06e122.13±5.68c117.88±5.53d138.99±6.85b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881648883843661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

11款葡萄酒中单体酚类化合物含量(mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称英文名称类型朗格斯
2018精选
茅台凤凰
2017
怀古2017贵族庄园
2017
华夏92马丁3082017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2016金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
顺式白藜芦醇cis-resveratrol芪类物质0.07±0h0.57±0f1.11±0.01b0.72±0d1.3±0.01a0.42±0g0.43±0g0.69±0.05e0.83±0.01c0.59±0f0.57±0.01f
桑色素morin hydrate黄酮类0.92±0.03d0.73±0g1.16±0a1.07±0.01c1.12±0.01b0.76±0.01fg0.66±0.01h0.74±0.01g0.79±0.02f0.86±0e0.68±0.01h
咖啡酸caffeic acid酚酸类8.92±0.03a3.38±0.01h5.15±0.07f5.5±0.06d3.57±0.01g5.36±0.03e3.7±0.02g2.35±0.01i8.02±0.11b3.58±0.02g7.46±0.1c
阿魏酸ferulic acid酚酸类0.39±0.01a0.3±0b0.23±0e0.26±0cd0.16±0g0.26±0c0.14±0h0.14±0h0.25±0d0.13±0h0.2±0f
(-)-表没食子儿茶素(-)-epigallocatechin黄烷醇1.21±0.01i5.96±0.06e3.91±0.01g5.1±0.03f4.13±0.04g3.29±0.03h7.5±0.14d8.45±0.32c10.4±0a9.11±0.13b8.94±0.22b
(-)-表没食子儿茶素
没食子酸酯
(-)-epigallocatechin gallate黄烷醇−−−−−−0.22±0.01a0.04±0b0.04±0.01b0.03±0.01c0.01±0d
(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯(-)-epicatechin gallate黄烷醇−−0.08±0c−−−0.51±0.04a0.09±0bc0.11±0.01b0.09±0.01bc0.04±0d
没食子酸gallic acid酚酸类7.91±0.03g32.45±0.07a24.85±0.35b22.85±0.35c23.35±0.21c11.85±0.21f19.5±0.57d17.95±0.21e19.9±0.57d17.85±0.07e23.55±0.21c
虎杖苷polydatin芪类物质0.03±0k0.55±0i1.07±0.07g0.72±0.01h1.46±0.01e0.43±0.02j1.27±0.01f2.27±0.07a2.18±0.05b1.72±0.03d1.81±0.04c
葡萄素viniferin芪类物质0.07±0cd0.05±0ef0.06±0de0.05±0f0.03±0h0.12±0b0.04±0g0.07±0.01c0.06±0de0.07±0.01cd0.14±0a
原儿茶酸/3,4-二羟基苯甲酸protocatechuate acid酚酸类0.37±0g2.3±0.03a1.18±0.01d0.45±0f2.35±0.06a0.43±0fg1.2±0.01d1.58±0.07c1.16±0.02d0.92±0.01e2.11±0.02b
槲皮素quercetin黄酮醇6.69±0.1e8.26±0.18d5.84±0.07f5.14±0.06g11.8±0.14b11.4±0.14b5.75±0.07f14±0.14a6.06±0.1f10.33±0.52c4.86±0.11g
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷quercetin-3-glucoside黄酮醇0.34±0g0.25±0h1.98±0.03b2.01±0.03b1.78±0.02c0.28±0gh1.35±0.11e0.6±0.02f1.44±0.01d2.27±0.01a0.53±0f
山柰酚kaemperol黄酮醇−−−−0.12±0c−0.1±0.01c0.2±0.03b0.11±0c0.23±0a0.03±0d
对香豆酸trans-p-coumaric
acid
酚酸类4.95±0.06a3.12±0.01d1.8±0.04gh2.23±0.1f2.61±0.03e2.6±0.1e1.69±0.05hi1.66±0.04i3.71±0.04b1.81±0.04g3.46±0c
漆黄素fisetin黄酮醇−−−−−−0.02±0b0.02±0.01b0.02±0b0.07±0a0.02±0b
白皮杉醇piceatannol芪类物质0.22±0.03b0.18±0c0.09±0f0.09±0f0.1±0f0.27±0a0.06±0.01g0.15±0.01de0.15±0.01e0.17±0cd0.06±0g
杨梅素myricetin黄酮醇6.51±0.05e9.19±0.14d14.8±0.28a12.2±0.14b11.2±0.28c6.99±0.11e12.25±0.35b9.87±0.47d15.6±0.57a12.8±0.57b10.13±0.81d
香草酸vanillic acid酚酸类1.32±0d1.61±0.07c1.31±0.02d1.4±0.04d2.57±0.04a1.74±0.06b0.88±0.08f1.09±0.02e0.63±0.01g0.83±0f0.91±0.02f
白藜芦醇resveratrol芪类物质0.43±0g1.43±0.06a0.89±0.05d0.76±0.05ef1.02±0.01c1.22±0b0.39±0.02g0.92±0.05cd0.87±0.02de0.75±0.11f0.83±0.03def
(+)-儿茶素(+)-catechin黄烷醇7.46±0.2f14.8±0.28cd13.35±0.07de14.35±0.21d7.77±0.18f16.65±0.07b12.75±0.07e13.2±0.14e15.55±1.06c17.15±0.21b20.05±0.21a
(-)-表儿茶素(-)-epicatechin黄烷醇4.25±0.04i9.8±0.06d7.27±0.21fg8.32±0.08e4.97±0.05h10.75±0.21b7.12±0.23g7.59±0f9.65±0.33d10.35±0.07c13.05±0.07a
原花青素 B1procyandin B1黄烷醇0.3±0.01h17±0.28a10.55±0.21c11.7±0.14b6.06±0.07f16.4±0.42a4.92±0.11g7.14±0.08e8.27±0.86d8.3±0.02d10.45±0.07c
原花青素 B2procyandin B2黄烷醇2.36±0.08i12.9±0.28b10.35±0.35c9.12±0.25d4.26±0.12g13.6±0.28a3.31±0.16h4.41±0.25fg4.85±0.06f5.85±0.04e9.11±0.21d
原花青素 C1procyandin C1黄烷醇1.13±0.08h19.15±0.21b11.9±0.42d19.4±0b6.06±0.14g18.1±0c8.01±0.02f10.13±0.52e11.5±0.14d12.05±0.35d20±0.28a
总含量/55.84±0.55h143.97±0.49a118.91±1.53d123.43±0.65c97.75±0.7f122.92±1.18c93.74±4.78g105.33±5.06e122.13±5.68c117.88±5.53d138.99±6.85b
), ArticleFig(id=1320881648950952526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of anthocyanin monomer in 11 wines (mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称英文名称朗格斯
2018精选
茅台凤凰
2017
怀古
2017
贵族庄园
2017
华夏92马丁3082017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2016金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
花翠素delphinidin0.08±0i0.31±0f0.21±0h0.29±0g0.32±0f0.92±0b0.49±0.01d1.04±0.01a0.41±0.01e0.86±0.01c0.86±0.01c
飞燕草素葡萄糖苷delphinidin-3-glucoside−0.33±0f0.28±0g0.26±0g0.33±0f1.39±0.01a0.61±0.03d1.29±0.01b0.42±0.01e0.85±0.01c0.86±0.04c
花翠素-3,5-二葡糖苷delphinidin-3.5-diglucoside−0.56±0.01a0.18±0e0.19±0e0.19±0e0.24±0d0.23±0.01d0.22±0.02d0.18±0e0.27±0.02c0.32±0.01b
矢车菊素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside−0.16±0.01a−−0.06±0c0.05±0d0.03±0e0.08±0b0.02±0f0.07±0c0.07±0b
矢车菊素cyanidin−0.12±0g0.07±0i0.09±0h0.08±0i0.31±0c0.16±0f0.41±0a0.18±0e0.27±0.01d0.32±0b
花葵素pelargonidin−−−−−−−0.01±0.01−−−
天竺葵色素苷pelargonin−0.05±0a−0.05±0.01a−−0.03±0d0.04±0b0.03±0cd0.04±0c0.03±0cd
芍药素peonidin−0.12±0f0.07±0g0.08±0g0.19±0.01e0.4±0.01c0.16±0.01e0.54±0.01a0.19±0.02e0.43±0.02b0.29±0.01d
芍药素-3-邻-葡萄糖苷peonidin-3-O-glcucoside−0.18±0h0.11±0i0.13±0i0.36±0e0.7±0.01b0.27±0f1.03±0.01a0.23±0.01g0.61±0.01c0.47±0.03d
锦葵花素malvidin0.86±0f2.25±0.05e2.08±0e1.95±0.01e1.84±0.03e10.75±0.21c6.82±0.19d15.2±0.57a7.3±0.11d11.75±0.35b11.5±0.14b
锦葵花素双葡萄糖苷malvidin-3,5-diglucoside0.2±0.01g22.3±0.28a0.44±0.01f0.5±0.01f0.45±0f1.94±0.02b0.85±0.04e1.59±0.05c0.93±0.01e1.25±0.01d1.8±0.05b
锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷malvidin-3-galactoside0.85±0g3.06±0.09e2.42±0.04f2.24±0.03f2.24±0.06f11.4±0a5.68±0.37d11.35±0.49a5.62±0.36d8.86±0.34c9.62±0.14b
矢车菊素葡萄糖苷cyanidin-3-glucoside−−−−−−0.03±0d0.07±0a0.02±0e0.04±0b0.04±0c
牵牛花色素petunidin−0.06±0g−−−0.17±0b0.09±0e0.22±0a0.08±0f0.16±0c0.13±0d
矮牵牛素葡萄糖苷petunidin-3-glucoside−0.05±0f−−−0.13±0b0.07±0e0.15±0.01a0.05±0f0.09±0c0.09±0d
飞燕草素芸香糖苷delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside−−−−−0.25±0b0.09±0d0.4±0.03a0.07±0d0.25±0.01b0.16±0.01c
芍药素3,5-二葡糖苷peonidin-3,5-diglucoside−3.34±0.02a0.09±0h0.13±0g0.24±0e0.45±0c0.17±0.02f0.49±0.02b0.2±0.01f0.36±0.02d0.43±0.02c
总含量total content1.99±0g32.88±0.42b5.95±0.04f5.9±0f6.3±0.04f29.08±0.18c15.76±0.6e34.11±1.06a15.91±0.51e26.16±0.7d26.99±0.18d
), ArticleFig(id=1320881649026449999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

11款葡萄酒中花色素单体含量(mg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称英文名称朗格斯
2018精选
茅台凤凰
2017
怀古
2017
贵族庄园
2017
华夏92马丁3082017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2016金士马瑟兰
橡木桶珍藏
2017金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
2018金士马瑟兰
橡木桶精选
花翠素delphinidin0.08±0i0.31±0f0.21±0h0.29±0g0.32±0f0.92±0b0.49±0.01d1.04±0.01a0.41±0.01e0.86±0.01c0.86±0.01c
飞燕草素葡萄糖苷delphinidin-3-glucoside−0.33±0f0.28±0g0.26±0g0.33±0f1.39±0.01a0.61±0.03d1.29±0.01b0.42±0.01e0.85±0.01c0.86±0.04c
花翠素-3,5-二葡糖苷delphinidin-3.5-diglucoside−0.56±0.01a0.18±0e0.19±0e0.19±0e0.24±0d0.23±0.01d0.22±0.02d0.18±0e0.27±0.02c0.32±0.01b
矢车菊素-3,5-二葡萄糖苷cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside−0.16±0.01a−−0.06±0c0.05±0d0.03±0e0.08±0b0.02±0f0.07±0c0.07±0b
矢车菊素cyanidin−0.12±0g0.07±0i0.09±0h0.08±0i0.31±0c0.16±0f0.41±0a0.18±0e0.27±0.01d0.32±0b
花葵素pelargonidin−−−−−−−0.01±0.01−−−
天竺葵色素苷pelargonin−0.05±0a−0.05±0.01a−−0.03±0d0.04±0b0.03±0cd0.04±0c0.03±0cd
芍药素peonidin−0.12±0f0.07±0g0.08±0g0.19±0.01e0.4±0.01c0.16±0.01e0.54±0.01a0.19±0.02e0.43±0.02b0.29±0.01d
芍药素-3-邻-葡萄糖苷peonidin-3-O-glcucoside−0.18±0h0.11±0i0.13±0i0.36±0e0.7±0.01b0.27±0f1.03±0.01a0.23±0.01g0.61±0.01c0.47±0.03d
锦葵花素malvidin0.86±0f2.25±0.05e2.08±0e1.95±0.01e1.84±0.03e10.75±0.21c6.82±0.19d15.2±0.57a7.3±0.11d11.75±0.35b11.5±0.14b
锦葵花素双葡萄糖苷malvidin-3,5-diglucoside0.2±0.01g22.3±0.28a0.44±0.01f0.5±0.01f0.45±0f1.94±0.02b0.85±0.04e1.59±0.05c0.93±0.01e1.25±0.01d1.8±0.05b
锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷malvidin-3-galactoside0.85±0g3.06±0.09e2.42±0.04f2.24±0.03f2.24±0.06f11.4±0a5.68±0.37d11.35±0.49a5.62±0.36d8.86±0.34c9.62±0.14b
矢车菊素葡萄糖苷cyanidin-3-glucoside−−−−−−0.03±0d0.07±0a0.02±0e0.04±0b0.04±0c
牵牛花色素petunidin−0.06±0g−−−0.17±0b0.09±0e0.22±0a0.08±0f0.16±0c0.13±0d
矮牵牛素葡萄糖苷petunidin-3-glucoside−0.05±0f−−−0.13±0b0.07±0e0.15±0.01a0.05±0f0.09±0c0.09±0d
飞燕草素芸香糖苷delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside−−−−−0.25±0b0.09±0d0.4±0.03a0.07±0d0.25±0.01b0.16±0.01c
芍药素3,5-二葡糖苷peonidin-3,5-diglucoside−3.34±0.02a0.09±0h0.13±0g0.24±0e0.45±0c0.17±0.02f0.49±0.02b0.2±0.01f0.36±0.02d0.43±0.02c
总含量total content1.99±0g32.88±0.42b5.95±0.04f5.9±0f6.3±0.04f29.08±0.18c15.76±0.6e34.11±1.06a15.91±0.51e26.16±0.7d26.99±0.18d
), ArticleFig(id=1320881650272158288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Volatile compounds and their relative concentrations showing significant differences among the 11 wines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号中文名称英文名称相对含量(μg/L)
JS2017JS2018JS2016JS20172JS20182LS2018MT2017HG2017GZ2017HX92MD308
1异戊醇1-Butanol, 3-methyl-5.6±1.56c7.45±2.9bc8.45±0.92bc8.8±0.85bc8.22±1.29bc−81.4±13.84a11.25±4.45b−−−
2丁酸乙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester16.65±6.15b−18.1±0.71b17.6±2.69b47.27±31.92a−−−−−−
32,3-丁二醇2,3-Butanediol−−−−−10.37±2.31b−13.95±2.9a−−−
4乳酸乙酯Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester52.65±9.69a−−45.4±8.34a−17.91±12.86b14.2±16.55b−−−−
5二氢草莓酸乙酯Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester10.5±4.95ab3.6±1.7cde8.9±1.13abc6.9±2.69bcde3.39±1.41de2.01±0.01e2.45±1.06de7.8±0.71bcd5.65±3.18bcde13.85±1.91a7.08±1.02bcde
61-己醇1-Hexanol208.15±29.2bcd176.7±60.39cde254.4±12.45ab214.8±28.14abcd225.7±11.88abc139.69±38.76ef274.35±13.22a82.95±8.27f156.05±6.72de190.45±14.07cde217.19±3.53abcd
7乙酸异戊酯1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate229.45±61.87b−226.45±16.9b226.55±12.23b219.44±12.53b408.1±162.49a108.25±8.41b140.8±26.59b−198.45±37.83b−
8γ-丁内酯γ-butyrolactone−−2.2±0.28a0.9±0.14b−−−−−−−
91-庚醇1-Heptanol−18.15±7.99b23.85±1.77b24.55±5.44b32.55±5.01a−−−−−−
10己酸乙酯Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester625.95±226.77b314.85±48.44c614.15±7b580.2±14.28b563.85±25.66b788.62±248.03ab880.5±12.73a678.3±24.32ab547.35±16.9b592.75±26.23b780.94±29.08ab
11乙酸己酯Acetic acid, hexyl ester5.2±1.41bc3.65±0.92c5.95±0.07bc5.2±0.14bc6.8±0.15ab8.29±2.42a4.05±0.64c4.7±0.71bc4.45±0.64bc4.45±0.49bc5.95±0.49bc
12异辛醇1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-79.7±17.11a41.55±12.52bc45.2±6.65b34.15±1.48bcd42.67±1.23bc42.68±0.46bc46.05±1.48b18.85±1.48de14.15±1.63e26.4±8.06cde19.45±8.84de
13乳酸异戊酯Isoamyl lactate31.65±5.73cd35.4±12.3bcd48.3±0.28bc53.25±6.15b47.31±3.27bc78.38±22.09a22.6±0.99d21.8±1.56d32.9±0.14cd31.7±3.25cd43.51±1.82bc
141-辛醇1-Octanol36.9±7.92bc27.5±7.78c54.05±0.35a47.85±2.47ab36.77±1.51bc48.16±9.67ab39.35±5.44bc27.85±2.19c38.25±4.03bc40.15±1.06bc42.15±4.6ab
15芳樟醇Linalool13.45±3.61bc15.9±9.19bc18±1.84bc22.5±5.37bc22.92±8.37bc36.55±9.12a−−10.65±2.47d−24.65±3.32b
16苯乙醇Phenylethyl Alcohol−−934.35±11.67bc772.75±118.72cd517.11±1.26cd841.02±154.12cd416.65±39.1e826.65±181.37cd1538.4±193.18a1359.15±527.01ab700.02±191.1cd
174-乙基苯酚Phenol, 4-ethyl-11.45±4.17b−−−−−−−−49.75±15.91a−
181-壬醇1-Nonanol31.65±5.44bc19.2±3.11cd53.8±5.23a25.65±1.63bcd35.77±0.53abc33±4.24bc19±13.29cd8±1.27d29.55±21.43bc42.75±8.41ab19.83±3.22cd
19癸醛Decanal11.3±1.84cde7.7±3.96e11.45±0.07cde8.8±0.85de10.9±0.43cde844.65±62.98a14.5±3.11cde22.15±0.21bc26.75±13.36b28.2±5.23b20.36±5.44bcd
20苯乙酸乙酯Benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester20.3±5.37b12.1±4.1c16.8±0bc13.5±1.98bc20.03±3.72b12.29±2.56c14.2±4.38bc16.55±0.21bc18.35±3.75bc29.7±1.41a16.56±1.89bc
21乙酸苯乙酯Acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester55.4±15.27abc49.35±14.64bc49.6±2.97bc44.15±4.31bc38.48±1.81c58.35±7.99ab−37.7±5.37c69.35±0.64a70.6±6.22a38.67±2.22c
22(E)-橡木内酯trans-3-Methyl-4-octanolide−−−−−12.72±1.81b9.2±3.25bc7.7±0.85c10.15±1.48bc25.35±3.32a12.55±1.35b
23壬酸乙酯Nonanoic acid, ethyl ester2.2±0.99abc0.9±0d3.1±0.28a1.3±0cd2.64±0.19ab1.82±0.26bcd1.6±0.71bcd2.1±0abc2.55±0.64ab1.9±0.57bcd1.59±0.41bcd
24威士忌内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-−9.4±2.55c14.55±0.92b9.9±0.99c21.62±2a2.52±0.73d−−−−−
25(Z)-橡木内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-, cis-−−29.4±3.68ab12.55±0.49cd35.1±4.24a16.11±2.67c8.55±2.9d−15.25±2.33cd26±7.07b13.57±1.52cd
26正癸酸n-Decanoic acid−10.05±3.75bc−−3.11±1.85c52.08±40.9ab17.55±2.47bc12.45±9.83bc39.4±19.52bc86.95±49.85a−
27癸酸乙酯Decanoic acid, ethyl ester204.95±69.93abc108.1±9.48cd192±13.86abc208.55±0.64abc249.32±24.21a275.26±47.71a67.05±92.56d−135.4±9.33bcd228.95±60.03ab224.57±38.57ab
28月桂醇1-Dodecanol−3.05±0.92ab−−−−−−5.15±4.45a1.75±0.07b1±0.57b
29反式-橙花叔醇1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E)-−1.3±0.42c1.35±0.07c2.05±0.07b−3.52±0.68a−−−−−
30月桂酸Dodecanoic acid−−−−−5.06±1.33c5.05±3.75c−5.9±5.37b11.15±2.33a6.64±1.64ab
31月桂酸乙酯Dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester6.3±0.99b−2.95±0.49c4.25±0.64bc3.47±0.1bc19.44±0.62a9.05±7.28b−5.75±2.76bc3.9±2.26bc5.37±0.24bc
32肉豆蔻酸乙酯Tetradecanoic acid, ethyl−−−−−7.08±0.4a1.6±0.99b−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320881650804834897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

11款葡萄酒中具有显著差异的挥发性成分及相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号中文名称英文名称相对含量(μg/L)
JS2017JS2018JS2016JS20172JS20182LS2018MT2017HG2017GZ2017HX92MD308
1异戊醇1-Butanol, 3-methyl-5.6±1.56c7.45±2.9bc8.45±0.92bc8.8±0.85bc8.22±1.29bc−81.4±13.84a11.25±4.45b−−−
2丁酸乙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester16.65±6.15b−18.1±0.71b17.6±2.69b47.27±31.92a−−−−−−
32,3-丁二醇2,3-Butanediol−−−−−10.37±2.31b−13.95±2.9a−−−
4乳酸乙酯Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester52.65±9.69a−−45.4±8.34a−17.91±12.86b14.2±16.55b−−−−
5二氢草莓酸乙酯Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester10.5±4.95ab3.6±1.7cde8.9±1.13abc6.9±2.69bcde3.39±1.41de2.01±0.01e2.45±1.06de7.8±0.71bcd5.65±3.18bcde13.85±1.91a7.08±1.02bcde
61-己醇1-Hexanol208.15±29.2bcd176.7±60.39cde254.4±12.45ab214.8±28.14abcd225.7±11.88abc139.69±38.76ef274.35±13.22a82.95±8.27f156.05±6.72de190.45±14.07cde217.19±3.53abcd
7乙酸异戊酯1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate229.45±61.87b−226.45±16.9b226.55±12.23b219.44±12.53b408.1±162.49a108.25±8.41b140.8±26.59b−198.45±37.83b−
8γ-丁内酯γ-butyrolactone−−2.2±0.28a0.9±0.14b−−−−−−−
91-庚醇1-Heptanol−18.15±7.99b23.85±1.77b24.55±5.44b32.55±5.01a−−−−−−
10己酸乙酯Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester625.95±226.77b314.85±48.44c614.15±7b580.2±14.28b563.85±25.66b788.62±248.03ab880.5±12.73a678.3±24.32ab547.35±16.9b592.75±26.23b780.94±29.08ab
11乙酸己酯Acetic acid, hexyl ester5.2±1.41bc3.65±0.92c5.95±0.07bc5.2±0.14bc6.8±0.15ab8.29±2.42a4.05±0.64c4.7±0.71bc4.45±0.64bc4.45±0.49bc5.95±0.49bc
12异辛醇1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-79.7±17.11a41.55±12.52bc45.2±6.65b34.15±1.48bcd42.67±1.23bc42.68±0.46bc46.05±1.48b18.85±1.48de14.15±1.63e26.4±8.06cde19.45±8.84de
13乳酸异戊酯Isoamyl lactate31.65±5.73cd35.4±12.3bcd48.3±0.28bc53.25±6.15b47.31±3.27bc78.38±22.09a22.6±0.99d21.8±1.56d32.9±0.14cd31.7±3.25cd43.51±1.82bc
141-辛醇1-Octanol36.9±7.92bc27.5±7.78c54.05±0.35a47.85±2.47ab36.77±1.51bc48.16±9.67ab39.35±5.44bc27.85±2.19c38.25±4.03bc40.15±1.06bc42.15±4.6ab
15芳樟醇Linalool13.45±3.61bc15.9±9.19bc18±1.84bc22.5±5.37bc22.92±8.37bc36.55±9.12a−−10.65±2.47d−24.65±3.32b
16苯乙醇Phenylethyl Alcohol−−934.35±11.67bc772.75±118.72cd517.11±1.26cd841.02±154.12cd416.65±39.1e826.65±181.37cd1538.4±193.18a1359.15±527.01ab700.02±191.1cd
174-乙基苯酚Phenol, 4-ethyl-11.45±4.17b−−−−−−−−49.75±15.91a−
181-壬醇1-Nonanol31.65±5.44bc19.2±3.11cd53.8±5.23a25.65±1.63bcd35.77±0.53abc33±4.24bc19±13.29cd8±1.27d29.55±21.43bc42.75±8.41ab19.83±3.22cd
19癸醛Decanal11.3±1.84cde7.7±3.96e11.45±0.07cde8.8±0.85de10.9±0.43cde844.65±62.98a14.5±3.11cde22.15±0.21bc26.75±13.36b28.2±5.23b20.36±5.44bcd
20苯乙酸乙酯Benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester20.3±5.37b12.1±4.1c16.8±0bc13.5±1.98bc20.03±3.72b12.29±2.56c14.2±4.38bc16.55±0.21bc18.35±3.75bc29.7±1.41a16.56±1.89bc
21乙酸苯乙酯Acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester55.4±15.27abc49.35±14.64bc49.6±2.97bc44.15±4.31bc38.48±1.81c58.35±7.99ab−37.7±5.37c69.35±0.64a70.6±6.22a38.67±2.22c
22(E)-橡木内酯trans-3-Methyl-4-octanolide−−−−−12.72±1.81b9.2±3.25bc7.7±0.85c10.15±1.48bc25.35±3.32a12.55±1.35b
23壬酸乙酯Nonanoic acid, ethyl ester2.2±0.99abc0.9±0d3.1±0.28a1.3±0cd2.64±0.19ab1.82±0.26bcd1.6±0.71bcd2.1±0abc2.55±0.64ab1.9±0.57bcd1.59±0.41bcd
24威士忌内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-−9.4±2.55c14.55±0.92b9.9±0.99c21.62±2a2.52±0.73d−−−−−
25(Z)-橡木内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-, cis-−−29.4±3.68ab12.55±0.49cd35.1±4.24a16.11±2.67c8.55±2.9d−15.25±2.33cd26±7.07b13.57±1.52cd
26正癸酸n-Decanoic acid−10.05±3.75bc−−3.11±1.85c52.08±40.9ab17.55±2.47bc12.45±9.83bc39.4±19.52bc86.95±49.85a−
27癸酸乙酯Decanoic acid, ethyl ester204.95±69.93abc108.1±9.48cd192±13.86abc208.55±0.64abc249.32±24.21a275.26±47.71a67.05±92.56d−135.4±9.33bcd228.95±60.03ab224.57±38.57ab
28月桂醇1-Dodecanol−3.05±0.92ab−−−−−−5.15±4.45a1.75±0.07b1±0.57b
29反式-橙花叔醇1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E)-−1.3±0.42c1.35±0.07c2.05±0.07b−3.52±0.68a−−−−−
30月桂酸Dodecanoic acid−−−−−5.06±1.33c5.05±3.75c−5.9±5.37b11.15±2.33a6.64±1.64ab
31月桂酸乙酯Dodecanoic acid, ethyl ester6.3±0.99b−2.95±0.49c4.25±0.64bc3.47±0.1bc19.44±0.62a9.05±7.28b−5.75±2.76bc3.9±2.26bc5.37±0.24bc
32肉豆蔻酸乙酯Tetradecanoic acid, ethyl−−−−−7.08±0.4a1.6±0.99b−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320881650922275410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

OAV value of volatile compounds in 11 wine samples (OAV>0.1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名称英文名称OAV
JS2017JS2018JS2016JS20172JS20182LS2018MT2017HG2017GZ2017HX92MD308
1丁酸乙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester0.830.630.910.882.36−−−−−−
2二氢草莓酸
乙酯
Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester0.580.200.490.380.190.110.140.430.310.770.39
3异戊酸乙酯Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, ethyl ester2.381.032.461.741.600.401.061.241.982.781.67
4乙酸异戊酯1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate7.655.027.557.557.3113.603.614.697.266.626.03
51-庚醇1-Heptanol−0.090.120.120.16−−−−−−
6己酸乙酯Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester44.7122.4943.8741.4440.2756.3362.8948.4539.1042.3455.78
7乳酸异戊酯Isoamyl lactate0.160.180.240.270.240.390.110.110.160.160.22
8芳樟醇Linalool0.901.061.201.501.532.44−−0.71−1.64
9苯乙醇Phenylethyl Alcohol−−0.070.060.040.060.030.060.110.100.05
104-乙基苯酚Phenol, 4-ethyl-0.06−−−−−−−−0.28−
11辛酸Octanoic acid0.080.090.290.210.14−0.230.110.180.220.29
12辛酸乙酯Octanoic acid, ethyl ester237.32111.76246.04221.01204.16285.29290.12219.74230.31246.98284.93
13癸醛Decanal1.130.771.150.881.091.971.452.222.682.822.04
14香茅醇Citronellol0.03−−0.04−0.12−−0.11−0.10
15苯乙酸乙酯Benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester0.280.170.230.180.270.170.190.230.250.410.23
16乙酸苯乙酯Acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester0.220.200.200.180.150.23−0.150.280.280.15
17紫罗兰酮Ionone−−−−−−−−−770.56−
18威士忌内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-−0.140.220.150.320.04−−−−−
19(Z)-橡木内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-, cis-−−0.400.170.470.220.12−0.210.350.18
20丁香酚Eugenol−−−−0.530.64−−−0.68−
21γ-壬内酯γ-Nonanoic lactone−−−−−−−−−0.11−
22大马士酮2-Buten-1-one, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-, (E)-95.00−−−106.92288.26−−−−−
23癸酸乙酯Decanoic acid, ethyl ester1.020.540.961.041.251.380.34−0.681.141.12
), ArticleFig(id=1320881651031327315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881330565533763, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

11款酒样中挥发性化合物的OAV(OAV>0.1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号中文名称英文名称OAV
JS2017JS2018JS2016JS20172JS20182LS2018MT2017HG2017GZ2017HX92MD308
1丁酸乙酯Butanoic acid, ethyl ester0.830.630.910.882.36−−−−−−
2二氢草莓酸
乙酯
Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester0.580.200.490.380.190.110.140.430.310.770.39
3异戊酸乙酯Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, ethyl ester2.381.032.461.741.600.401.061.241.982.781.67
4乙酸异戊酯1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate7.655.027.557.557.3113.603.614.697.266.626.03
51-庚醇1-Heptanol−0.090.120.120.16−−−−−−
6己酸乙酯Hexanoic acid, ethyl ester44.7122.4943.8741.4440.2756.3362.8948.4539.1042.3455.78
7乳酸异戊酯Isoamyl lactate0.160.180.240.270.240.390.110.110.160.160.22
8芳樟醇Linalool0.901.061.201.501.532.44−−0.71−1.64
9苯乙醇Phenylethyl Alcohol−−0.070.060.040.060.030.060.110.100.05
104-乙基苯酚Phenol, 4-ethyl-0.06−−−−−−−−0.28−
11辛酸Octanoic acid0.080.090.290.210.14−0.230.110.180.220.29
12辛酸乙酯Octanoic acid, ethyl ester237.32111.76246.04221.01204.16285.29290.12219.74230.31246.98284.93
13癸醛Decanal1.130.771.150.881.091.971.452.222.682.822.04
14香茅醇Citronellol0.03−−0.04−0.12−−0.11−0.10
15苯乙酸乙酯Benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester0.280.170.230.180.270.170.190.230.250.410.23
16乙酸苯乙酯Acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester0.220.200.200.180.150.23−0.150.280.280.15
17紫罗兰酮Ionone−−−−−−−−−770.56−
18威士忌内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-−0.140.220.150.320.04−−−−−
19(Z)-橡木内酯2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-, cis-−−0.400.170.470.220.12−0.210.350.18
20丁香酚Eugenol−−−−0.530.64−−−0.68−
21γ-壬内酯γ-Nonanoic lactone−−−−−−−−−0.11−
22大马士酮2-Buten-1-one, 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadien-1-yl)-, (E)-95.00−−−106.92288.26−−−−−
23癸酸乙酯Decanoic acid, ethyl ester1.020.540.961.041.251.380.34−0.681.141.12
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余东亮 1 , 刘云珍 1 , 黄露露 1 , 张建 1 , 郑东许 1 , 张昂 2, * , 贾黎晖 1 , 王高峰 1
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(16): 381-394
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (16) : 381 -394
河北产区马瑟兰干红葡萄酒非挥发性酚类物质组成及其挥发性风味特征研究
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余东亮1 , 刘云珍1, 黄露露1, 张建1, 郑东许1, 张昂2, * , 贾黎晖1, 王高峰1
作者信息
  • 1秦皇岛金士通国际葡萄酒庄有限公司,河北秦皇岛 066600
  • 2秦皇岛海关技术中心,河北秦皇岛 066000
通讯作者:
张昂(1982−),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品真实性及质量安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

余东亮(1982−),男,博士,研究方向:葡萄与葡萄酒学,E-mail:

Composition of Non-volatile Phenolic Compounds and Volatile Flavor Characteristics of Marselan Dry Red Wine from the Hebei Region
Dongliang YU1 , Yunzhen LIU1, Lulu HUANG1, Jian ZHANG1, Dongxu ZHENG1, Ang ZHANG2, * , Lihui JIA1, Gaofeng WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1Chateau Kings International Co., Ltd., Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
  • 2Technology Centre of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070048
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为深入解析河北产区不同产地马瑟兰干红葡萄酒中非挥发性酚类物质(单体酚、花色苷)和挥发性风味物质的典型特征,以产区内昌黎、怀来不同酒庄的市售代表性马瑟兰干红葡萄酒为研究对象,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(Headspace Solid-phase Micro Extraction Mass Spectrometry coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,对样品的非挥发性酚类物质(单体酚、花色苷)及挥发性风味物质进行检测。结果表明,不同酒样的单体酚类物质存在显著差异(P<0.05),含量范围为55.84~143.97 mg/L,其中没食子酸在25种单体酚中含量最高;不同酒样的花色苷含量也存在显著差异(P<0.05),含量范围为1.99~34.11 mg/L,其中锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷在17种花色苷中含量最高;综合单体酚和花色苷的检测结果表明,茅台凤凰庄园2017马瑟兰和2018金士马瑟兰精选级酒样中酚类物质更丰富。通过层次聚类分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis,HCA),单体酚和花色苷均可有效将河北产区内不同酒庄马瑟兰酒样区分开来。同时,挥发性成分共鉴定出150种,其中9种挥发性成分的香气活性值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)>1,对风味贡献显著,包括异戊酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、辛酸乙酯等,赋予河北马瑟兰葡萄酒甜美馥郁的花香和果香的典型特征;挥发性成分轮廓图、聚类热图以及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA)显示不同酒庄马瑟兰酒样风味成分特征各异。在OPLS-DA中进一步筛选出7种可区分河北产区不同酒庄马瑟兰酒样的主要风味特征标志物(Variable Importance in Projection,VIP),其中苯乙醇、辛酸乙酯、己酸乙酯(VIP值>2.64)为关键区分因子。本研究为阐明河北产区不同酒庄马瑟兰葡萄酒的典型风格特征提供了数据支撑,也为深入解析同一产区微域风土差异对葡萄酒典型风格特征的影响建立了方法学参考。

马瑟兰干红葡萄酒  /  非挥发性酚类物质  /  挥发性风味物质  /  风味特征  /  多元统计分析

To extensively analyze the typical characteristics of nonvolatile phenolic compounds (monomeric phenols and anthocyanins) and volatile flavor compounds in Marselan dry red wines from different subregions within the Hebei region, commercially representative Marselan wines from various wineries in Changli and Huailai were examined. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) techniques were employed to detect the non-volatile phenolic compounds (monomeric phenols, anthocyanins) and volatile flavor compounds in the samples. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in varieties of monomeric phenols (numbering 25) among different wine samples, with content ranging from 55.84 to 143.97 mg/L, where gallic acid had the highest content among the 25 monomeric phenolics. The content of anthocyanins (numbering 17) in different wine samples also differed significantly (P<0.05), ranging from 1.99 to 34.11 mg/L, where malvidin-3-galactoside had the highest content among the 17 anthocyanins. Comprehensive monomer phenol and anthocyanin detection revealed that samples from the 2017 Chateau Moutai Phoenix Marselan and 2018 Chateau Kings Selected Marselan wines were especially rich in nonvolatile phenolic compounds. Through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), monomeric phenols and anthocyanins could be used to effectively distinguish between Marselan wine samples from different wineries in Hebei province. Overall, 150 kinds of volatile components were identified. Of these, nine volatile components with OAV>1 contributed significantly to wine flavors. These included ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate, which gave Hebei Marselan wine the typical characteristics of sweet and fragrant flowers and fruits. Volatile component profile, cluster thermogram, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) highlighted differences in the characteristic flavor components in Marselan wines from different wineries. In OPLS-DA, seven main flavor characteristic markers (VIP values), which could be used to distinguish between Marselan wine samples from different wineries in Hebei province were further screened, among which phenylethanol, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl hexanoate (VIP values>2.64) were the key distinguishing factors. This study provides data to clarify the typical style characteristics of Marselan wines from different wineries in Hebei province and establishes a methodological reference for analyzing the influence of micro-regional terroir differences in the same producing area on the typical style characteristics of wines in depth.

Marselan dry red wine  /  non-volatile phenolic compounds  /  volatile flavor compounds  /  flavor characteristics  /  multivariate statistical analysis
余东亮, 刘云珍, 黄露露, 张建, 郑东许, 张昂, 贾黎晖, 王高峰. 河北产区马瑟兰干红葡萄酒非挥发性酚类物质组成及其挥发性风味特征研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 381 -394 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070048
Dongliang YU, Yunzhen LIU, Lulu HUANG, Jian ZHANG, Dongxu ZHENG, Ang ZHANG, Lihui JIA, Gaofeng WANG. Composition of Non-volatile Phenolic Compounds and Volatile Flavor Characteristics of Marselan Dry Red Wine from the Hebei Region[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 381 -394 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070048
马瑟兰是一种原产于法国的红色酿酒葡萄品种,由法国国家农业研究院于1961年以赤霞珠和歌海娜为亲本杂交选育而成,具有优良的抗病虫害特性。以其酿造的葡萄酒富含酚类物质[1],香气特征通常表现为突出的果香与优雅的陈酿香气[2]。河北产区属温带大陆性季风气候,具有四季分明、光照充足、昼夜温差大等气候特点,地貌形态主要是平原、丘陵和山地等,土壤类型以褐土为主,粗沙含量大,排水性良好,且钾、钙元素含量丰富,十分适宜酿酒葡萄的生长,也是我国重要的葡萄酒知名产区[3]。马瑟兰自2001年引入河北产区种植以来,展现出优异的生态适应性和酿造潜力,被称为“中国葡萄酒的明日之星”[4−5]。目前,中国已成为全球马瑟兰种植面积位列第二的国家[6],伴随着马瑟兰种植区域在中国的不断扩延,市场对高品质马瑟兰葡萄酒的需求也持续增长。
葡萄酒的品质主要由其非挥发性酚类物质和挥发性香气成分共同决定。葡萄酒中酚类物质(包括类黄酮与非类黄酮类)的组成复杂性直接影响其感官品质与保健功能[7−9],围绕花色苷、黄烷醇及芪类等酚类物质的结构特性及其检测方法(如高效液相色谱)的研究,为葡萄酒的产区鉴别和品质调控提供了重要依据[10−12]。已有研究基于酚类物质组成成功实现了不同产区的区分,吕真真等[13]对比新疆天山北麓、焉耆盆地与山东半岛赤霞珠葡萄酒的酚类物质发现,新疆产区的原花青素B1、表儿茶素及总黄酮醇含量显著高于山东产区(P<0.05),并基于酚类物质的聚类分析实现了对山东与新疆样品的有效区分;宁夏贺兰山东麓子产区的马瑟兰干红葡萄酒虽在颜色参数上无显著差异,但其单体花色苷、黄烷醇类及羟基肉桂酸等酚类物质含量呈现显著风土特异性,基于酚类物质的判别分析可有效区分不同子产区酒样[14]。在挥发性香气方面,其种类、含量、感觉阈值以及它们之间的相互作用决定了葡萄酒的感官体验,是评价葡萄酒品质的关键要素[15]。目前,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用(Headspace Solid-phase Micro Extraction Mass Spectrometry coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术结合多元统计分析,已成为解析葡萄酒香气特征的有效手段[16]。Jurado等[17]采用HS-SPME-GC-MS技术,并结合主成分分析、线性判别分析和人工神经网络分析方法,确定了西班牙四种原产地保护葡萄酒的香气特征。Lan等[1]采用GC-MS及高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术对比分析了中国五个葡萄酒产区的马瑟兰葡萄酒的化学成分和感官特征,通过挥发性化合物的正交偏最小二乘判别分析(Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA),成功区分不同产区马瑟兰葡萄酒。然而,长期以来相关研究多集中于地域跨度大、生态条件差异明显的产区之间的对比,而对同一产区微域风土差异的葡萄酒酚类物质及挥发性风味物质差异分析仍较匮乏。因此,针对马瑟兰葡萄酒,深入解析同一产区不同微域风土下的酚类物质及挥发性风味物质组成差异,进而挖掘其产区典型风格特征,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
基于此,本研究选取市场流通的10款河北产区不同酒庄的马瑟兰干红葡萄酒和1款赤霞珠干红葡萄酒样品为研究对象,综合运用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)与HS-SPME-GC-MS技术,全面解析其非挥发性酚类物质(单体酚、花色苷)及挥发性香气成分的组成特征,揭示不同酒庄马瑟兰干红葡萄酒的典型风格特征,旨在为河北产区马瑟兰干红葡萄酒的品质风格凝练及产区典型特征挖掘提供科学依据与方法学支撑。
10款典型马瑟兰干红葡萄酒、1款赤霞珠干红葡萄酒 取自河北产区不同酒庄,其中赤霞珠酒样为品种对照,酒样来源于金士酒庄、朗格斯酒庄、茅台凤凰庄园、怀古酒庄、贵族庄园、华夏酒庄和马丁酒庄,具体信息见表1。所有酒样检测前均于4 ℃条件下避光冷藏贮存;4-辛醇(纯度≥97.0%)、29种单体酚标准品、18种花色素单体标准品 德国Sigma-Aldrich公司;甲醇(色谱纯) 天津永晟精细化工有限公司;氯化钠(分析纯) 天津市汇杭化工科技有限公司。
GCMS-QP2020 NX单四极杆型气相色谱质谱联用仪、SH-Rxi-5Sil MS气相色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)、30-AD液相色谱仪 日本岛津公司;固相微萃取手柄、65 μm PDMS/DVB固相微萃取纤维头、15 mL顶空瓶(配置硅胶/聚四氟乙烯隔垫和15 mm螺旋盖) 美国Supelco公司;ES35 B-Pro磁力加热搅拌器 LabTech(莱伯泰科)有限公司;Triple QuadTM 4500三重四极杆-线性离子阱复合质谱仪(配有电喷雾离子源、Turbo V离子源和Analyst 1.5数据处理系统) 美国AB Sciex公司。
参照杨志伟等[18]的方法,利用UPLC-MS/MS对单体酚进行测定。
取1 mL待测酒样用10%甲醇溶液(含0.1%甲酸)稀释100倍,26000 r/min离心5 min后取上清液进行单体酚的测定,根据测定结果重新取样1 mL稀释至适当浓度重复离心,离心后取上清液至进样瓶待测。
UPLC条件:柱温为30 ℃,进样体积10 μL,流速0.25 mL/min,C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)分离,根据单体酚性质确定流动相A为0.1%甲酸-水;流动相B为0.1%甲酸-乙腈。洗脱程序:0.00~3.00 min,5% B;3.00~6.00 min,30% B;6.00~9.00 min,50% B;9.00~12.00 min,70% B;12.00~17.00 min,5% B。质谱条件:电喷雾离子源,负离子模式;多反应监测;离子源温度500 ℃;电喷雾电压−4500 V;气帘气压力40 psi;碰撞气:Medium;雾化气压力60 psi;辅助加热气压力50 psi。
单体酚的定性依据为秦皇岛海关技术中心葡萄酒实验室所建立的单体酚定性方法[18]。定量采用外标法,配制29种单体酚标准品混合标准工作液,分别在0.00、0.001、0.010、0.020、0.050、0.100、0.200、0.500 mg/L水平下测定,以目标化合物峰面积(y)对其相应质量浓度(x)绘制标准曲线,各单体酚的含量均以相应的单体酚标准品的含量计算。
参照金刚等[19]的方法,利用UPLC-MS/MS对花色苷进行测定。
取1 mL干红葡萄酒样,用含5%甲醇的1%甲酸溶液稀释500倍,涡旋混合后吸取1 mL移至样品瓶,为减少目标物损失,未过滤膜。
UPLC条件:柱温40 ℃,进样体积30 μL,流速0.25 mL/min,用Phenyl-Hexyl色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm)分离,根据花色素单体性质确定流动相A为含5%甲醇的1%甲酸溶液,流动相B为1%甲酸-甲醇溶液。洗脱程序:0~3.1 min,0%~65% B;3.1~8.0 min,65% B;8.0~8.5 min,65%~100% B;8.5~12.5 min,100% B;12.5~13 min,100%~0% B;13~20 min,0% B。
MS条件:电雾喷离子源,正离子模式;多反应监测;离子扫描范围m/z 100~1000;雾化气压力345 kPa;辅助气流速10 L/min;干燥气温度350 ℃;气帘气压力30 psi;碰撞气Medium;离子喷雾电压5500 V;离子源温度500 ℃。
花色苷的定性依据为秦皇岛海关技术中心葡萄酒实验室所建立的花色苷定性方法[19]。定量采用外标法,配制18种花色苷标准品的混合标准工作液,分别在0.00、0.001、0.010、0.020、0.050、0.100、0.200、0.500 mg/L 8个水平下测定,以目标化合物峰面积(y)对其相应质量浓度(x)绘制标准曲线,各花色苷的含量均以相应的花色苷标准品的含量计算。
参照李叶凤[20]的方法,利用HS-SPME-GC-MS对挥发性化合物进行测定。
准确量取3 mL待测葡萄酒样于装有磁力搅拌转子的15 mL顶空瓶中,加入20%(即0.6 g)的NaCl,同时再加入5 μL 4-辛醇内标溶液,即刻旋紧顶空瓶瓶盖。将装有待测酒样的顶空瓶置于磁力加热搅拌器工作台上,于40 ℃恒温条件下平衡15 min,然后将已活化好的65 μm PDMS/DVB固相微萃取纤维头插入顶空瓶内,注意调整好萃取纤维头与酒样之前的距离,避免接触到液面,于40 ℃恒温条件下萃取45 min。完成后取出萃取头立即插入GC-MS进样口解析5 min,同时启动仪器进行数据采集。
GC条件:选用SH-Rxi-5Sil MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);检测器及进样口温度分别为230 ℃和250 ℃;升温程序:40 ℃保持3 min,以2 ℃/min升至140 ℃,然后以7.5 ℃/min升至270 ℃,保持6 min;载气为高纯氦气(99.999%);色谱柱流量为1.78 mL/min,不分流进样[21]。
MS条件:电子轰击离子源(EI);电离能量70 eV;离子源温度230 ℃;传输线温度270 ℃;全扫描模式,质量扫描范围为30~450 m/z。
通过GC-MS分析所得的样品质谱图与NIST 17数据库进行比对分析,结合保留时间筛选出相似度>80%的挥发性组分,再结合相关文献对谱图进行解析,进而确定酒样中的各个挥发性成分。采用内标法进行半定量分析,选取质量浓度为0.822 mg/mL的4-辛醇为内标,通过公式计算酒样中各挥发性成分的含量,假定校正因子为1,计算公式如下:
$ \begin{split}&{\rm 挥发性成分含量(\text{µ} g/L)=}\\&{\rm\dfrac{\text{f}(校正因子)\times 各挥发性组分峰面积\times 内标物浓度(mg/mL)\times 10^6}{内标物峰面积}}\end{split} $
计算酒样中各挥发性组分的香气活力值(OAV),香气阈值和感官描述由文献[21−23]获得,计算公式如下:
$\rm 香气活力值=\frac{香气成分含量(\text{µ} g/L)}{香气成分阈值(\text{µ} g/L)} $
使用Origin 2021软件绘制雷达图、聚类热图;SIMCA-P 14.1软件进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA),计算预测变量重要性投影VIP值;并结合SPSS 24.0软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),将P<0.05,VIP≥1的化合物视为OPLS模型中最具影响力的香气标记物。
酚类物质在葡萄酒感官评价中起着非常重要的作用,尤其是在颜色、收敛性、澄清度和稳定性等方面[24]。葡萄酒中的酚类化合物是其营养成分的重要来源,主要分为类黄酮类和非类黄酮类两大类[25]。在酒样中共检出25种单体酚类化合物(表2),其中类黄酮类化合物14种(黄酮类6种、黄烷醇类8种),非类黄酮类11种(酚酸类6种、芪类物质5种),并进一步对这25种单体酚进行了单因素方差分析。
由表2可知,11款酒样中单体酚的种类和含量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其总量范围为55.84~143.97 mg/L,茅台凤凰庄园2017单体酚总量最高(143.97 mg/L),展现出较强的酚类物质潜力。(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和漆黄素仅在金士酒庄的5款酒样中检出,(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯仅在怀古2017和金士酒庄的5款酒样中检出,山柰酚仅在华夏92和金士酒庄的5款酒样中检出。这一分布特征表明,上述酚类物质可能与酒庄特有的栽培模式、酿造工艺以及陈酿条件有关。咖啡酸、没食子酸、槲皮素、杨梅素、(+)-儿茶素、(-)-表儿茶素、原花青素(B1、B2、C1)是11款酒样中的主要单体酚化合物。有研究表明新疆产区的马瑟兰葡萄酒中黄酮醇浓度较高(例如杨梅素-3-O-葡糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷以及异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷等),这表明来自不同产区葡萄酒中的酚类化合物可能受到气候条件的影响[1]。没食子酸在9款酒样中含量最高,其为葡萄酒提供抗氧化活性的同时,也贡献了重要的苦涩感与结构骨架,赋予酒体更佳的饱满度与复杂度[26]。朗格斯2018精选中含量最高的单体酚为咖啡酸,该物质除呈现辅色效应外,亦被报道对维持葡萄酒陈酿过程中的花果类香气具有积极作用[27]。马丁酒庄308中含量最高的则为原花青素C1,这是一种具有强收敛性的低聚原花青素,其含量差异可能与葡萄原料(果实成熟度、健康度等)或酿造工艺密切相关。(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和(-)-表儿茶素没食子酸酯属于黄烷醇类物质,这类物质除了负责葡萄酒的涩味呈现[28]和支撑酒的“骨架感”[29],还被认为是天然抗氧化剂之一,且具有神经保护与心血管保健等功能。漆黄素和山柰酚属于黄酮醇类物质,虽是葡萄酒中三大类黄酮物质中含量最少的一类,但其同样具有很强的功能性[30]。漆黄素对大脑健康、认知和记忆具有独特的影响,并展现出优异的抗衰老活性,其效果约为槲皮素的两倍[31]。山柰酚能够降低患癌风险,同时具有良好的抗菌活性和抗病毒等功能[32]。因此,金士酒庄酒样可能在健康功能性方面具备潜在优势,其功效价值有待进一步研究。
为探究不同酒庄马瑟兰葡萄酒单体酚类物质组成的整体相似性与差异性,对25种单体酚化合物的含量数据进行聚类热图分析(图1)。结果表明,7个酒庄的酒样均得到明显区分。金士酒庄的5款酒样全部聚为一类,表明其酚类物质组成具有高度一致性,这可能源于该酒庄实施的标准化栽培与酿造工艺体系,从而最大程度地减少了年份间波动,保证了产品风格的稳定性。其余马瑟兰酒样依据各自的酚类特征被区分开来。怀古2017单独聚为一类,其桑色素、杨梅素和白藜芦醇含量较高;朗格斯2018、茅台凤凰庄园2017、贵族庄园2017和马丁308组成相似聚为一类;作为品种对照的赤霞珠酒样(华夏92)单独聚为一类,其香草酸含量较高,凸显出马瑟兰与赤霞珠在酚类组成上的品种差异性。以上结果表明,基于非挥发性酚类物质的聚类分析可有效区分同一产区内不同酒庄的马瑟兰葡萄酒。
花色苷不仅具有良好的生物活性,并且影响葡萄酒的感官品质[33]。葡萄酒中的游离花色苷主要为锦葵类色素,此外常见的还有矢车菊色素、芍药色素、飞燕草素和矮牵牛素等[34]。在11款酒样中共检出17种花色素单体(表3),就其含量差异进行单因素方差分析。
由表3可知,11款酒样中花色素单体的种类和含量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),总量范围为1.99~34.11 mg/L,其中2018金士橡木桶珍藏酒样含量最高(34.11 mg/L),茅台凤凰庄园2017次之(32.88 mg/L),而朗格斯2018精选含量最低(1.99 mg/L),且仅检出4种花色苷,这可能与其酒庄采用的闪蒸工艺有关,侍朋宝等[35]的研究表明,闪蒸有利于提高发酵过程中多数单体花色苷的质量浓度,但不利于葡萄酒陈酿过程中单体花色苷的稳定。花色苷组成分析表明,锦葵花素、锦葵花素双葡萄糖苷和锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷是11款酒样中共有的主要花色苷。矢车菊素葡萄糖苷仅在金士的5款酒样中检出,飞燕草素芸香糖苷仅在马丁308和金士的5款酒样中检出。金士酒庄酒样普遍表现出更高的花色苷多样性及总量,尤其是锦葵花素及衍生物含量显著高于其他酒庄,这为其葡萄酒深邃稳定的色泽提供了物质基础。
基于11款酒样中17种花色苷单体的定量数据,采用组间平均法和相关性距离进行系统聚类分析,结果见图2。从图中可以看出,朗格斯2018、华夏92、茅台凤凰庄园2017因花色苷组成独特而各自单独归类,怀古2017、贵族庄园2017、马丁酒庄308聚为一类,金士酒庄的5款酒样聚为一类。将图2与图1对比发现,怀古2017与茅台凤凰庄园2017在花色苷组成上差异明显,但在单体酚类物质、挥发性香气成分(见后文)上可能因年份或工艺影响而呈现某种相似性。同时,本研究结果表明,采用酒庄模式生产的葡萄酒,其酒体风格特征性差异的稳定性更高,这一现象可能与酒庄模式所推行的标准化管理的生产特点有关。
采用HS-SPME-GC-MS技术从11款酒样中共检测出150种挥发性成分,其中决定葡萄酒品种香、发酵香和陈酿香的主要成分有47种,包括酯类化合物23种、醇类化合物15种、酸类化合物3种、醛类化合物1种、酮类化合物2种和酚类化合物3种。单因素方差分析进一步鉴定出32种在酒样间存在显著差异的特征挥发性成分(表4),该差异主要源于葡萄品种、生长环境以及酿造工艺等多种因素的综合影响[36]。
挥发性成分雷达图(图3)直观展示了11款酒样在酯、醇、酸、醛、酮、酚类物质上的相对含量差异。朗格斯2018的酯类含量最高,可能是受其闪蒸工艺的影响,这与赵亮[37]研究结果一致,经过闪蒸工艺处理的干红葡萄酒中酯类物质的含量增多。且有研究表明闪蒸工艺处理的赤霞珠葡萄酒中酯类增加了2种,相对含量提高了12%[38]。醇类化合物在贵族2017酒样中质量浓度较高,作为对照品种的赤霞珠(华夏92)酒样中酸类和醛酮酚类化合物质量浓度最高。尽管各酒样间挥发性成分含量存在差异,但所有马瑟兰酒样挥发性化合物的种类构成相似,印证了该品种在不同微域风土条件下品种特征香气的稳定性。
通过样品聚类热图分析可知(图4),10款马瑟兰酒样中月桂醇、反式-橙花叔醇、β-大马士酮、乙酸异戊酯、γ-丁内酯、苯甲酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯含量差异较大,赤霞珠(华夏92)酒样中正癸酸、苯乙酸乙酯、γ-壬内酯、紫罗兰酮、4-乙基苯酚含量高于马瑟兰酒样。不同年份马瑟兰酒样挥发性成分具有不同的变化规律,醇类物质和酯类物质随着陈酿时间的延长含量有所增加;醛、酮、酚类物质也随陈酿时间增加含量有所增加,但是增长趋势较小;酸类物质的变化规律不是十分明显。该研究结果与前人的研究结果类似[39−40]。
此外,马瑟兰酒样从微地域聚类的趋势相对明显。金士酒庄的样品全部归为一类,朗格斯酒庄的样品归为一类,茅台和怀古酒庄的样品归为一类,贵族和马丁酒庄的样品归为一类,华夏酒庄的赤霞珠(华夏92)样品单独归为一类,表明河北产区不同酒庄的马瑟兰酒样挥发性风味特征差异明显,且凸显出赤霞珠与马瑟兰品种之间存在香气组成差异。其中,茅台2017和怀古2017酒样归为一类,但花色苷成分的聚类结果显示茅台和怀古马瑟兰酒样差异明显,这表明影响葡萄酒特性的因素具有多样性,年份、酿造工艺和储存条件等可能在整体风格起主导作用,使得不同产地的同品种葡萄酒在特定年份表现相似,而品种遗传特性和微地域风土则在更精细的化学成分方面发挥关键作用,产生可区分的特征[41]。
为评估各挥发性成分对马瑟兰葡萄酒整体香气的实际贡献,计算其香气活性值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)。OAV反映了某种化合物对葡萄酒香气质量的相对重要性和贡献度,OAV>1表明该化合物对葡萄酒的香气特性具有明显贡献,而OAV越高,说明该化合物的贡献越显著[42]。OAV>1的挥发性化合物有9种,分别是异戊酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、己酸乙酯、芳樟醇、辛酸乙酯、癸醛、紫罗兰酮、大马士酮和癸酸乙酯,带来苹果、香蕉、柑橘及玫瑰等愉悦香气,赋予马瑟兰葡萄酒不同特征类型的甜美馥郁风格[23]。虽然其他香气化合物的OAV<1,但是它们同样具有潜在香气贡献,可能会增加马瑟兰葡萄酒香气的复杂性和舒适度[43]。因此本实验将OAV>0.1的化合物均列出进行讨论,见表5。
从表5中可以看出,OAV高的物质以酯类为主,酯类是马瑟兰葡萄酒中含量最多的挥发性化合物,能带来果香味。最重要的酯是脂肪酸乙酯类和乙酸酯类,包括乙酸异戊酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等。醇类物质包括1-庚醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇、香茅醇,1-庚醇能给马瑟兰葡萄酒带来柠檬、柑橘香气;苯乙醇能给马瑟兰葡萄酒带来玫瑰香气;香茅醇属于萜烯类化合物,同样赋予马瑟兰葡萄酒柠檬、柑橘、玫瑰香气;其中,芳樟醇的OAV>1,是对葡萄酒香气质量贡献较大的醇类物质,给马瑟兰葡萄酒带来柑橘、玫瑰、薰衣草香气。紫罗兰酮、β-大马酮属于C13-去甲类异戊二烯类,赋予马瑟兰葡萄酒紫罗兰、悬钩子及一些干果的芳香。在新疆焉耆产区相关研究中,β-大马酮、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等在马瑟兰葡萄酒贡献关键香气,风格以花香、甜香、果香为主[44]。宁夏马瑟兰干红中辛酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、芳樟醇、香叶醇、乙酸异戊酯等相对含量较高,较同地块赤霞珠更具花香和酯香表达[45]。这综合体现了不同产区马瑟兰葡萄酒在关键香气物质组成与感官风格上的相似性。
以47种挥发性成分作为因变量,不同酒庄作为自变量,通过OPLS-DA分析可以实现7个酒庄葡萄酒样品的有效区分,其OPLS-DA模型如图5所示,所有样本均在95%的置信区间内,模型拟合优度R2为0.850,预测优度Q2为0.633,R2和Q2均大于0.5,证明模型拟合良好可靠,具有统计学意义。此外,运用permutation tests(n=200)来评估判别模型是否对数据过度拟合,对模型的2个成分重复200次排列实验,结果如图6所示,R2的截距为0.398<0.4,Q2的截距为−0.754<0.05,表明模型没有对数据进行过度拟合,该结果可用于葡萄酒香气的鉴别分析。
该模型将7个酒庄样品区分开,分离度较好。从图5中可以看出,金士酒庄马瑟兰样品集中在第一、四象限,金士2016珍藏、金士2017精选和2018精选样品距离较近,与γ-丁内酯(气味:甜香、焦糖)、1-己醇(气味:青草、生青味)、威士忌内酯(气味:花香、内酯香)、丁酸乙酯(气味:草莓味、苹果味)相关,金士2017珍藏和2018珍藏样品距离较近,与乳酸乙酯(气味:乳香、悬钩子果香)、4-乙基愈创木酚(气味:烟熏味、皮革味)、异戊醇(气味:苦杏仁味、涩味)、异辛醇(气味:蘑菇、甜果)相关。根据气味描述,金士酒庄马瑟兰葡萄酒样品的香气特征为果香、花香、甜香、焦糖、烟熏味。研究表明,威士忌内酯是橡木桶处理工艺的标志性产物,只存在于经过橡木桶储存的葡萄酒中[46],这种物质仅在金士酒庄和朗格斯酒庄的酒样中检测到,且含量有一定差异,分析认为可能是橡木桶本身的差异性和陈酿时间不一致而造成的。朗格斯酒庄马瑟兰样品在第二象限,与己酸乙酯(气味:青苹果味、果香)、(E)-橡木内酯(气味:木头味、椰子味、香料味)、正癸酸(气味:脂肪味、奶酪味)、月桂酸乙酯(气味:甜香、花香、果香、奶油)等呈正相关。根据气味描述,朗格斯酒庄马瑟兰葡萄酒样品的香气特征为甜味、花香、果香、香料。马丁、贵族酒庄马瑟兰样品同样位于第二象限,与香茅醇(气味:柠檬味、柑橘味)、γ-壬内酯(气味:桃味)、L-乳酸乙酯(气味:乳香、悬钩子果香)、肉豆蔻酸乙酯(气味:甜果、黄油)等相关。根据气味描述,两个样品的香气特征为花香、果香。茅台凤凰庄园、怀古酒庄马瑟兰样品位于第三象限,这两个样品与2,3-丁二醇具有相关性,赋予葡萄酒黄油、乳酪香气。华夏酒庄赤霞珠样品位于第二象限,除与贵族2017样品较为接近,与其余样品距离较远,说明赤霞珠与马瑟兰葡萄酒的香气物质具有一定差异。华夏92与辛酸乙酯(气味:苹果味、花香、啤酒味)、正癸酸(气味:脂肪味、奶酪味)等相关。根据气味描述,华夏酒庄赤霞珠葡萄酒样品的香气特征为果香、花香。
VIP值(Variable Importance in Projection,VIP值)是OPLS-DA模型变量的权重值,可以反映挥发性化合物对模型分类的贡献程度。不同酒庄葡萄酒重要挥发性化合物VIP值分布图(图7),VIP值越大,变量在不同酒庄间差异越显著。从图7中可以看出,苯乙醇、辛酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、1-己醇、正癸酸、丁酸乙酯和1-庚醇这7种化合物的VIP值均大于1,表明这些物质与不同酒庄葡萄酒样品间具有强烈的相关性,是区分样品的特征性差异物质。其中苯乙醇(VIP值4.31),辛酸乙酯(VIP值3.33)、己酸乙酯(VIP值2.64)的VIP值较高,是样品挥发性风味差异的关键影响因子。
马瑟兰凭借其较强的抗病性和优异的果实品质在中国迅速发展,除了冷凉的葡萄酒产区,该品种几乎都有种植。在过去的十多年中,研究人员更多专注于不同产区(地域跨度大、生态条件差异明显)之间葡萄酒的品质表达,如不同产区葡萄酒的化学特性、酚类物质组成、花色苷、感官特征以及香气特征差异等,而对同一产区微域风土差异的葡萄酒典型风格研究较少,且缺乏系统解析葡萄酒典型特征成分的有效方法。本研究系统的应用UPLC-MS/MS和HS-SPME-GC-MS技术证实了基于非挥发性酚类物质(单体酚、花色苷)和挥发性风味物质的化学分析,能够有效区分河北产区不同酒庄的马瑟兰葡萄酒。研究发现,不同酒庄酒样在单体酚与花色苷组成上具有显著差异,其中没食子酸和锦葵花素分别为其主要成分。同时,研究明确了异戊酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、辛酸乙酯等9种关键香气物质(OAV>1)共同赋予该产区马瑟兰葡萄酒典型的果香与花香风格;并通过OPLS-DA模型进一步筛选出7种关键风味标志物,其中苯乙醇、辛酸乙酯、己酸乙酯(VIP值>2.64)为关键区分因子。
然而,由于马瑟兰葡萄酒的非挥发性酚类物质(单体酚、花色苷)及挥发性风味物质受产区、酿造工艺等其他因素的综合影响,因此未来的研究还需进一步控制变量、增加样本数量,并结合感官属性以及其他技术如GC-O和矿质元素等分析技术,以提供更加客观、全面的评定依据和理论参考。

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2026年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070048
  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
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    1秦皇岛金士通国际葡萄酒庄有限公司,河北秦皇岛 066600
    2秦皇岛海关技术中心,河北秦皇岛 066000

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张昂(1982−),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品真实性及质量安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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