Article(id=1320166181357600973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681745136, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681745136, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681745136, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681745136, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=461, endPage=468, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166182204850382, articleId=1320166181357600973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Nutritional Quality of Different Parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab and Their Comparison with Those of Other Typical Crab Species, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To evaluate the nutritional value of different edible parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab (Scylla serrata) as well as its varietal advantages, the nutritional components of three of its core edible tissues (ovary, hepatopancreas, and muscle) were systematically analyzed and compared with previously reported nutritional data on Suifenhe Mitten Crab (Eriocheir hepuensis, a representative freshwater crab) and Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus, a representative marine crab). The results showed that the average body weight, carapace length and width, and ovary index (10.18%, Grade I premium roe crab) of Fuyong Fatty Crab were higher than those of the two control crab species. Among the three tissues of Fuyong Fatty Crab, the ovary was low in fat, high in protein, and rich in five carotenoid species (total content higher than that of Portunus trituberculatus); The muscle had the highest essential amino acid and total amino acid contents and optimal average amino acid score, and the hepatopancreas had the highest contents of fatty acids such as DHA and EPA (P<0.05) and the lowest n-3/n-6 ratio (P<0.05) significantly. All three tissues were high-quality mineral sources, with differences in mineral composition. This study indicated that the overall nutritional value of Fuyong Fatty Crab was superior to those of Suifenhe Mitten Crab and Portunus trituberculatus, and had the various tissue parts differed considerably in nutritional composition and quality. These results provide a scientific basis for the dietary selection and deep processing of Fuyong Fatty Crab.

, authors=Shuli LIU1, Xin ZHENG1, *, Xiangfen HAO1, Jun WANG2, Haibo LUO1, authorsList=Shuli LIU, Xin ZHENG, Xiangfen HAO, Jun WANG, Haibo LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166183609942225, articleId=1320166181357600973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=福永膏蟹不同部位营养品质及与典型蟹种的对比, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为评估福永膏蟹(锯缘青蟹,Scylla serrata)不同可食组织的营养价值及品种优势,本研究系统分析该蟹卵巢、肝胰腺与肌肉三大核心可食组织的营养成分,并与已报道的绥芬河绒螯蟹(淡水蟹类代表,Eriocheir hepuensis)、三疣梭子蟹(海产蟹类代表,Portunus trituberculatus)相关营养数据进行对比。结果显示:福永膏蟹平均体质量、甲长、甲宽以及卵巢指数(10.18%,Ⅰ级特级红膏)均高于两种对照蟹;其三大组织中,卵巢呈低脂肪、高蛋白、富含5种类胡萝卜素(总量高于三疣梭子蟹)的特征,肌肉的必需氨基酸(Essential amino acids,EAA)、总氨基酸(Total amino acids,TAA)含量及平均氨基酸分数(Amino acid score,AAS)最优,肝胰腺的二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)等脂肪酸含量显著最高(P<0.05),但n-3/n-6比值显著最低(P<0.05),三个部位均为优质矿物质来源且组成存在差异性。综上,福永膏蟹整体营养价值优于绥芬河绒螯蟹和三疣梭子蟹,且其不同组织部位间营养分化显著,可为膳食选择与深加工提供科学依据。

, authors=刘姝利1, 郑昕1, *, 郝香芬1, 王俊2, 罗海波1, authorsList=刘姝利, 郑昕, 郝香芬, 王俊, 罗海波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑昕, authorNote=

刘姝利(1995−),女,博士,研究方向:食品营养与食品安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑昕(1978−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品营养,E-mail:。
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Systematic comparison of the effects of exogenous inorganic selenium and organic selenium on the quality and antioxidant capacity of Pleurotus eryngii[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2025, 105(12): 6384−6391., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166183941292242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166183949680851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, companyId=1320166183941292242, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Health Management, Shenzhen Pengcheng Technician College, Shenzhen 518040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166183958069460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, companyId=1320166183941292242, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1深圳鹏城技师学院健康管理学院,广东深圳 518040)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166184071315669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166184079704278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, companyId=1320166184071315669, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166184088092887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, companyId=1320166184071315669, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深圳职业技术大学食品药品学院,广东深圳 518055)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166187787469051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Meat yields of different parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab, figureFileSmall=udKD2W3pcHq7ZDB/aR5w1A==, figureFileBig=GEitdYt74CegxI0aDLRUjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166187846189308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=图1, caption=福永膏蟹不同部位出肉率

注:不同字母标记表示不同部位出肉率差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=udKD2W3pcHq7ZDB/aR5w1A==, figureFileBig=GEitdYt74CegxI0aDLRUjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166188001378557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Morphological indicators and tissue indices of Fuyong Fatty Crab and comparison with typical crab species

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标福永膏蟹绥芬河绒螯蟹[3]三疣梭子蟹[4]
体质量(g)358.27±11.4287.01±2.78201.34±14.53
甲长(mm)90.3±2.7956.08±0.5374.96±1.56
甲宽(mm)131.6±3.3759.61±0.58118.52±2.17
肥满度0.48±0.010.49±0.010.48±0.01
卵巢指数(%)10.18±1.552.65±0.224.82±1.29
膏蟹分级特级红膏(Ⅰ级)一点红(Ⅳ级)中红(Ⅲ级)
肝胰腺指数(%)7.64±0.358.51±0.336.2±1.17
出肉率(%)20.14±1.1431.57±0.6933.96±0.63
总可食率(%)37.96±1.3142.73±0.7544.98±1.86
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188076876030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

福永膏蟹组织系数和体形态指标及与典型蟹种比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标福永膏蟹绥芬河绒螯蟹[3]三疣梭子蟹[4]
体质量(g)358.27±11.4287.01±2.78201.34±14.53
甲长(mm)90.3±2.7956.08±0.5374.96±1.56
甲宽(mm)131.6±3.3759.61±0.58118.52±2.17
肥满度0.48±0.010.49±0.010.48±0.01
卵巢指数(%)10.18±1.552.65±0.224.82±1.29
膏蟹分级特级红膏(Ⅰ级)一点红(Ⅳ级)中红(Ⅲ级)
肝胰腺指数(%)7.64±0.358.51±0.336.2±1.17
出肉率(%)20.14±1.1431.57±0.6933.96±0.63
总可食率(%)37.96±1.3142.73±0.7544.98±1.86
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188139790591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Contents of basic nutritional components in different parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab and comparison with typical crab species (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种部位水分灰分粗脂肪粗蛋白
福永膏蟹卵巢46.67±0.29c3.67±0.15a0.3±0.0c32.67±0.71a
肝胰腺63.7±0.0b3.53±0.06a3.13±0.31a11.23±0.15c
肌肉76.77±0.32a3.8±0.30a1.03±0.06b18.03±0.51b
绥芬河绒螯蟹[3]卵巢67.07±2.301.71±0.108.08±0.2621.65±0.20
肝胰腺55.94±1.941.01±0.0432.12±0.638.72±0.2
肌肉81.39±0.491.37±0.030.60±0.0315.51±0.08
三疣梭子蟹[4]卵巢60.24±3.782.12±0.2311.48±1.1425.85±2.48
肝胰腺66.85±1.351.38±0.2617.94±1.0010.27±0.64
肌肉78.80±1.851.88±0.121.23±0.0617.07±1.42
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188211093760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

福永膏蟹不同部位基本营养成分含量及与典型蟹种比较(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种部位水分灰分粗脂肪粗蛋白
福永膏蟹卵巢46.67±0.29c3.67±0.15a0.3±0.0c32.67±0.71a
肝胰腺63.7±0.0b3.53±0.06a3.13±0.31a11.23±0.15c
肌肉76.77±0.32a3.8±0.30a1.03±0.06b18.03±0.51b
绥芬河绒螯蟹[3]卵巢67.07±2.301.71±0.108.08±0.2621.65±0.20
肝胰腺55.94±1.941.01±0.0432.12±0.638.72±0.2
肌肉81.39±0.491.37±0.030.60±0.0315.51±0.08
三疣梭子蟹[4]卵巢60.24±3.782.12±0.2311.48±1.1425.85±2.48
肝胰腺66.85±1.351.38±0.2617.94±1.0010.27±0.64
肌肉78.80±1.851.88±0.121.23±0.0617.07±1.42
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188274008321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of carotenoids contents in Fuyong Fatty Crab and P. trituberculatus (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种部位虾青素叶黄素玉米黄质角黄素β-胡萝卜素总量
福永膏蟹卵巢9.4±0.53a81.4±0.16a795.2±5.10a10.6±0.02a297.0±6.45a1193.5±0.63a
肝胰腺0.41±0.02b1.42±0.04b5.87±0.41b−24.85±1.53b32.55±1.99b
三疣梭子蟹[4]卵巢85.73±2.938.83±0.305.62±0.383.99±0.2720.35±1.39130.71±6.60
肝胰腺4.63±0.742.06±0.531.19±0.110.62±0.074.38±0.9922.41±1.14
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188336922882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

福永膏蟹与三疣梭子蟹的类胡萝卜素含量比较(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种部位虾青素叶黄素玉米黄质角黄素β-胡萝卜素总量
福永膏蟹卵巢9.4±0.53a81.4±0.16a795.2±5.10a10.6±0.02a297.0±6.45a1193.5±0.63a
肝胰腺0.41±0.02b1.42±0.04b5.87±0.41b−24.85±1.53b32.55±1.99b
三疣梭子蟹[4]卵巢85.73±2.938.83±0.305.62±0.383.99±0.2720.35±1.39130.71±6.60
肝胰腺4.63±0.742.06±0.531.19±0.110.62±0.074.38±0.9922.41±1.14
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188404031747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Amino acid contents of different parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
异亮氨酸Ile0.58±0.01b0.38±0.00c0.84±0.01a
亮氨酸Leu1.15±0.01b0.97±0.00c1.98±0.00a
赖氨酸Lys1.02±0.00b0.92±0.00c1.95±0.01a
蛋氨酸Met0.35±0.01b0.09±0.00c0.49±0.01a
苯丙氨酸Phe0.64±0.02b0.34±0.01c0.91±0.01a
苏氨酸Thr0.82±0.01b0.41±0.01c1.18±0.01a
缬氨酸Val0.88±0.00c0.92±0.01b1.01±0.01a
色氨酸Trp0.047±0.00a0.031±0.00b0.007±0.00c
总必需氨基酸EAA5.48±0.02b4.06±0.01c8.38±0.02a
天冬氨酸Asp1.31±0.0b1.12±0.01c2.27±0.01a
谷氨酸Glu1.85±0.01b1.24±0.01c3.23±0.02a
甘氨酸Gly0.84±0.01c1.01±0.00b1.48±0.01a
丙氨酸Ala1.20±0.01b1.12±0.01c1.70±0.02a
酪氨酸Tyr0.55±0.01b0.32±0.01c0.94±0.00a
丝氨酸Ser0.62±0.0b0.41±0.00c1.05±0.01a
组氨酸His0.63±0.01b0.22±0.01c0.65±0.01a
精氨酸Arg1.01±0.00b0.88±0.00c2.18±0.02a
脯氨酸Pro0.45±0.00b0.37±0.00c0.65±0.00a
半胱氨酸Cys0.00079±0.00b0.12±0.01a0.00014±0.00c
总非必需氨基酸NEAA8.46±0.01b6.82±0.04c14.16±0.07a
总氨基酸TAA13.94±0.02b10.88±0.05c22.54±0.09a
EAA/TAA0.39±0.00a0.37±0.00b0.37±0.00c
EAA/NEAA0.65±0.00a0.60±0.00b0.59±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188487917828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

福永膏蟹不同部位氨基酸含量(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
异亮氨酸Ile0.58±0.01b0.38±0.00c0.84±0.01a
亮氨酸Leu1.15±0.01b0.97±0.00c1.98±0.00a
赖氨酸Lys1.02±0.00b0.92±0.00c1.95±0.01a
蛋氨酸Met0.35±0.01b0.09±0.00c0.49±0.01a
苯丙氨酸Phe0.64±0.02b0.34±0.01c0.91±0.01a
苏氨酸Thr0.82±0.01b0.41±0.01c1.18±0.01a
缬氨酸Val0.88±0.00c0.92±0.01b1.01±0.01a
色氨酸Trp0.047±0.00a0.031±0.00b0.007±0.00c
总必需氨基酸EAA5.48±0.02b4.06±0.01c8.38±0.02a
天冬氨酸Asp1.31±0.0b1.12±0.01c2.27±0.01a
谷氨酸Glu1.85±0.01b1.24±0.01c3.23±0.02a
甘氨酸Gly0.84±0.01c1.01±0.00b1.48±0.01a
丙氨酸Ala1.20±0.01b1.12±0.01c1.70±0.02a
酪氨酸Tyr0.55±0.01b0.32±0.01c0.94±0.00a
丝氨酸Ser0.62±0.0b0.41±0.00c1.05±0.01a
组氨酸His0.63±0.01b0.22±0.01c0.65±0.01a
精氨酸Arg1.01±0.00b0.88±0.00c2.18±0.02a
脯氨酸Pro0.45±0.00b0.37±0.00c0.65±0.00a
半胱氨酸Cys0.00079±0.00b0.12±0.01a0.00014±0.00c
总非必需氨基酸NEAA8.46±0.01b6.82±0.04c14.16±0.07a
总氨基酸TAA13.94±0.02b10.88±0.05c22.54±0.09a
EAA/TAA0.39±0.00a0.37±0.00b0.37±0.00c
EAA/NEAA0.65±0.00a0.60±0.00b0.59±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188550832389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Evaluation of essential amino acid compositions of different parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
异亮氨酸Ile44.6484.59116.93
亮氨酸Leu50.15122.69155.99
赖氨酸Lys57.39150.59199.15
苏氨酸Thr62.4992.02164.08
缬氨酸Val52.94161.01110.46
色氨酸Trp14.3927.603.66
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys30.1521.8576.68
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr32.9650.8184.86
平均值43.1488.90113.98
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188622135558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

福永膏蟹不同部位必需氨基酸组成评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
异亮氨酸Ile44.6484.59116.93
亮氨酸Leu50.15122.69155.99
赖氨酸Lys57.39150.59199.15
苏氨酸Thr62.4992.02164.08
缬氨酸Val52.94161.01110.46
色氨酸Trp14.3927.603.66
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys30.1521.8576.68
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phe+Tyr32.9650.8184.86
平均值43.1488.90113.98
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188701827335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Lipid classes composition in different parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂类卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
胆固醇0.20±0.02b0.48±0.04a0.46±0.01a
磷脂酰胆碱11.53±0.32a7.23±0.21b3.53±0.06c
磷脂酰乙醇胺16.73±0.06b91.53±0.93a−
磷脂酰肌醇50.50±4.06b179.33±3.42a7.37±0.12c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188773130504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

福永膏蟹不同部位脂类含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂类卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
胆固醇0.20±0.02b0.48±0.04a0.46±0.01a
磷脂酰胆碱11.53±0.32a7.23±0.21b3.53±0.06c
磷脂酰乙醇胺16.73±0.06b91.53±0.93a−
磷脂酰肌醇50.50±4.06b179.33±3.42a7.37±0.12c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188836045065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Fatty acid content in different parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
C12:0−0.015±0.00−
C13:0−0.010±0.00−
C14:00.0091±0.00b0.44±0.03a−
C15:00.0067±0.00b0.26±0.02a−
C16:00.066±0.00b1.71±0.10a0.041±0.00b
C17:0−0.096±0.01a−
C18:00.023±0.00b0.29±0.02a0.025±0.00b
C20:0−0.011±0.00−
C21:0−0.010±0.00−
C22:0−0.023±0.00−
SFA1.89±0.10c6.56±0.36a4.58±0.36b
C14:1−0.017±0.00−
C16:10.031±0.00b0.84±0.05a0.011±0.00b
C17:10.0054±0.00b0.11±0.01a−
C18:1n-9t−0.014±0.00−
C18:1n-9c0.034±0.00b0.66±0.04a0.024±0.00b
C20:1−0.029±0.00−
C22:1−0.0082±0.00a0.0055±0.00b
MUFA0.070±0.00b1.68±0.10a0.041±0.00b
C18:2n-60.012±0.00b0.37±0.02a0.0087±0.00b
C18:3n-6−0.039±0.00−
C18:3n-30.012±0.00b0.24±0.01a0.010±0.00b
C20:2n-6−0.032±0.00−
C20:3n-6−0.055±0.00−
C20:3n-30.0072±0.00b0.039±0.00a0.0043±0.00b
C20:4n-6(ARA)0.034±0.00b0.45±0.03a0.046±0.00b
C20:5n-3(EPA)0.031±0.00c0.30±0.02a0.056±0.01b
C22:2n-6−0.038±0.00−
C22:6n-3(DHA)0.078±0.01b0.83±0.06a0.085±0.01b
PUFA0.17±0.01b2.38±0.16a0.21±0.02b
UFA0.24±0.02b4.06±0.25a0.25±0.02b
TFA2.13±0.12c10.60±0.60a4.83±0.39b
n-3PUFA0.13±0.01b1.40±0.09a0.15±0.01b
n-6PUFA0.046±0.00b0.98±0.06a0.055±0.00b
n-3/n-62.79±0.02a1.42±0.01b2.79±0.04a
DHA+EPA0.11±0.01b1.12±0.08a0.14±0.01b
DHA/EPA2.51±0.06b2.79±0.04a1.50±0.04c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188903153930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

福永膏蟹不同部位脂肪酸含量(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
C12:0−0.015±0.00−
C13:0−0.010±0.00−
C14:00.0091±0.00b0.44±0.03a−
C15:00.0067±0.00b0.26±0.02a−
C16:00.066±0.00b1.71±0.10a0.041±0.00b
C17:0−0.096±0.01a−
C18:00.023±0.00b0.29±0.02a0.025±0.00b
C20:0−0.011±0.00−
C21:0−0.010±0.00−
C22:0−0.023±0.00−
SFA1.89±0.10c6.56±0.36a4.58±0.36b
C14:1−0.017±0.00−
C16:10.031±0.00b0.84±0.05a0.011±0.00b
C17:10.0054±0.00b0.11±0.01a−
C18:1n-9t−0.014±0.00−
C18:1n-9c0.034±0.00b0.66±0.04a0.024±0.00b
C20:1−0.029±0.00−
C22:1−0.0082±0.00a0.0055±0.00b
MUFA0.070±0.00b1.68±0.10a0.041±0.00b
C18:2n-60.012±0.00b0.37±0.02a0.0087±0.00b
C18:3n-6−0.039±0.00−
C18:3n-30.012±0.00b0.24±0.01a0.010±0.00b
C20:2n-6−0.032±0.00−
C20:3n-6−0.055±0.00−
C20:3n-30.0072±0.00b0.039±0.00a0.0043±0.00b
C20:4n-6(ARA)0.034±0.00b0.45±0.03a0.046±0.00b
C20:5n-3(EPA)0.031±0.00c0.30±0.02a0.056±0.01b
C22:2n-6−0.038±0.00−
C22:6n-3(DHA)0.078±0.01b0.83±0.06a0.085±0.01b
PUFA0.17±0.01b2.38±0.16a0.21±0.02b
UFA0.24±0.02b4.06±0.25a0.25±0.02b
TFA2.13±0.12c10.60±0.60a4.83±0.39b
n-3PUFA0.13±0.01b1.40±0.09a0.15±0.01b
n-6PUFA0.046±0.00b0.98±0.06a0.055±0.00b
n-3/n-62.79±0.02a1.42±0.01b2.79±0.04a
DHA+EPA0.11±0.01b1.12±0.08a0.14±0.01b
DHA/EPA2.51±0.06b2.79±0.04a1.50±0.04c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166188987040011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Content of inorganic elements in different parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
钠Na954.67±68.54c2751.33±101.75a2200.33±65.68b
钾K1476.67±87.16c2431.00±25.53b3431.33±68.22a
镁Mg220.33±7.51c310.00±3.61b329.33±11.93a
钙Ca254.00±11.27c1382.00±64.82a505.33±14.57b
锌Zn135.67±5.69a14.40±0.72c59.43±5.86b
铁Fe9.45±0.43c86.53±4.26a36.90±2.18b
铜Cu9.31±0.09c56.97±1.33a13.73±1.08b
硒Se1.22±0.04a0.67±0.02b0.34±0.02c
锰Mn14.03±0.65a13.70±0.26a6.61±0.35b
铝Al4.83±0.36c10.93±0.15b24.27±1.33a
钴Co0.09±0.01b0.44±0.02a0.05±0.00c
锶Sr2.64±0.11c23.40±0.26a10.70±0.10b
), ArticleFig(id=1320166189054148876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166181357600973, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

福永膏蟹不同部位无机元素含量(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质卵巢肝胰腺肌肉
钠Na954.67±68.54c2751.33±101.75a2200.33±65.68b
钾K1476.67±87.16c2431.00±25.53b3431.33±68.22a
镁Mg220.33±7.51c310.00±3.61b329.33±11.93a
钙Ca254.00±11.27c1382.00±64.82a505.33±14.57b
锌Zn135.67±5.69a14.40±0.72c59.43±5.86b
铁Fe9.45±0.43c86.53±4.26a36.90±2.18b
铜Cu9.31±0.09c56.97±1.33a13.73±1.08b
硒Se1.22±0.04a0.67±0.02b0.34±0.02c
锰Mn14.03±0.65a13.70±0.26a6.61±0.35b
铝Al4.83±0.36c10.93±0.15b24.27±1.33a
钴Co0.09±0.01b0.44±0.02a0.05±0.00c
锶Sr2.64±0.11c23.40±0.26a10.70±0.10b
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福永膏蟹不同部位营养品质及与典型蟹种的对比
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刘姝利 1 , 郑昕 1, * , 郝香芬 1 , 王俊 2 , 罗海波 1
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(14): 461-468
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (14) : 461 -468
福永膏蟹不同部位营养品质及与典型蟹种的对比
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刘姝利1 , 郑昕1, * , 郝香芬1, 王俊2, 罗海波1
作者信息
  • 1深圳鹏城技师学院健康管理学院,广东深圳 518040
  • 2深圳职业技术大学食品药品学院,广东深圳 518055
通讯作者:
郑昕(1978−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品营养,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘姝利(1995−),女,博士,研究方向:食品营养与食品安全,E-mail:

Nutritional Quality of Different Parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab and Their Comparison with Those of Other Typical Crab Species
Shuli LIU1 , Xin ZHENG1, * , Xiangfen HAO1, Jun WANG2, Haibo LUO1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Health Management, Shenzhen Pengcheng Technician College, Shenzhen 518040, China
  • 2School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070046
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为评估福永膏蟹(锯缘青蟹,Scylla serrata)不同可食组织的营养价值及品种优势,本研究系统分析该蟹卵巢、肝胰腺与肌肉三大核心可食组织的营养成分,并与已报道的绥芬河绒螯蟹(淡水蟹类代表,Eriocheir hepuensis)、三疣梭子蟹(海产蟹类代表,Portunus trituberculatus)相关营养数据进行对比。结果显示:福永膏蟹平均体质量、甲长、甲宽以及卵巢指数(10.18%,Ⅰ级特级红膏)均高于两种对照蟹;其三大组织中,卵巢呈低脂肪、高蛋白、富含5种类胡萝卜素(总量高于三疣梭子蟹)的特征,肌肉的必需氨基酸(Essential amino acids,EAA)、总氨基酸(Total amino acids,TAA)含量及平均氨基酸分数(Amino acid score,AAS)最优,肝胰腺的二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)等脂肪酸含量显著最高(P<0.05),但n-3/n-6比值显著最低(P<0.05),三个部位均为优质矿物质来源且组成存在差异性。综上,福永膏蟹整体营养价值优于绥芬河绒螯蟹和三疣梭子蟹,且其不同组织部位间营养分化显著,可为膳食选择与深加工提供科学依据。

福永膏蟹  /  锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)  /  品种对比  /  可食组织  /  营养成分

To evaluate the nutritional value of different edible parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab (Scylla serrata) as well as its varietal advantages, the nutritional components of three of its core edible tissues (ovary, hepatopancreas, and muscle) were systematically analyzed and compared with previously reported nutritional data on Suifenhe Mitten Crab (Eriocheir hepuensis, a representative freshwater crab) and Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus, a representative marine crab). The results showed that the average body weight, carapace length and width, and ovary index (10.18%, Grade I premium roe crab) of Fuyong Fatty Crab were higher than those of the two control crab species. Among the three tissues of Fuyong Fatty Crab, the ovary was low in fat, high in protein, and rich in five carotenoid species (total content higher than that of Portunus trituberculatus); The muscle had the highest essential amino acid and total amino acid contents and optimal average amino acid score, and the hepatopancreas had the highest contents of fatty acids such as DHA and EPA (P<0.05) and the lowest n-3/n-6 ratio (P<0.05) significantly. All three tissues were high-quality mineral sources, with differences in mineral composition. This study indicated that the overall nutritional value of Fuyong Fatty Crab was superior to those of Suifenhe Mitten Crab and Portunus trituberculatus, and had the various tissue parts differed considerably in nutritional composition and quality. These results provide a scientific basis for the dietary selection and deep processing of Fuyong Fatty Crab.

Fuyong Fatty Crab  /  Scylla serrata  /  species comparison  /  edible tissues  /  nutritional components
刘姝利, 郑昕, 郝香芬, 王俊, 罗海波. 福永膏蟹不同部位营养品质及与典型蟹种的对比. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 461 -468 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070046
Shuli LIU, Xin ZHENG, Xiangfen HAO, Jun WANG, Haibo LUO. Nutritional Quality of Different Parts of Fuyong Fatty Crab and Their Comparison with Those of Other Typical Crab Species[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 461 -468 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070046
青蟹是广泛分布于热带和亚热带沿海地区的重要经济蟹类,在我国主要集中于东南沿海区域。其中,锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)隶属于节肢动物门、软甲纲、十足目、梭子蟹科、青蟹属,雌性个体在繁殖季节卵巢发育成熟且积累大量蟹膏,故被称为“膏蟹”。深圳市珠江口东岸的福永区域,地处珠江入南海交界带,属咸淡水交融的独特水域,依托充足日照、温和气候及优良海水环境,孕育的福永膏蟹(Scylla serrata)以体形饱满、蟹膏丰富、肉质鲜美、风味独特享誉南国,是粤港澳地区名贵食用蟹种。
随着人们对食品安全与营养健康的关注度提升,水产品营养成分分析成为研究热点。福永膏蟹作为高价值水产品,其可食组织(卵巢、肝胰腺、肌肉)富含蛋白质、必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸及矿物质等营养成分,兼具营养价值与保健功能,深受消费者青睐。目前,蟹类营养研究已有诸多报道,如张小军等[1]分析细点圆趾蟹与锯缘青蟹肌肉的营养差异,位璐璐等[2]探究中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺脂质组成与功能特性。但现有研究多聚焦单个可食部位,对蟹类不同可食部位的系统营养分析较少;尤其针对福永膏蟹,其不同部位营养差异及与其他蟹种的对比研究尚未见全面报道,缺乏系统评价体系,也未形成支撑产业应用的针对性数据。
基于此,本研究选取两类典型经济蟹种作为对照:一是绥芬河绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto,Suifenhe mitten crab)[3],代表淡水经济蟹类,与海产福永膏蟹形成生态差异对照,可明晰生态环境对蟹类营养积累的影响;二是三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus,P. trituberculatus)[4],为我国沿海广布海产蟹类代表,与福永膏蟹同属海水生态体系且同为市场主流食用蟹种,可定位福永膏蟹在海产蟹类中的营养优势。通过检测分析福永膏蟹各可食部位营养成分,并与上述两种蟹对比,一方面可全面评估其营养价值、明确不同组织的营养定位,建立福永膏蟹专属的营养评价体系,为后续同类研究提供基础数据;另一方面能为蟹黄酱、蟹肉罐头等深加工产品开发提供方向,为消费者差异化膳食选择提供科学指导,最终助力提升福永膏蟹的市场竞争力,完善其产业应用数据支撑。
鲜活福永膏蟹(10只,平均体质量358.27 g) 选取活力较好、体重接近的福永膏蟹,产自广东省深圳市福永区域;色谱纯甲醇、乙醚、乙腈,质谱纯甲基叔丁基醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、优级纯硝酸、盐酸、硫酸 上海安谱实验科技有限公司;正庚烷 色谱纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;甲醇、乙醇、氢氧化钠、乙酸、乙酸钠、硫酸钾 分析纯,西陇科学有限公司;石油醚 分析纯,广州化学试剂厂;乙酸镁、乙酰丙酮 分析纯,天津市大茂科学试剂厂;对硝基苯酚 分析纯,天津市福晨科学试剂厂;硫酸铜 分析纯,国药集团科学有限公司;石油醚 化学纯,广州牌化学试剂;2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT) ≥99.0%,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷饱和酚溶液(Tris) ≥99.9%,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;虾青素、叶黄素、玉米黄质、角黄素、β-胡萝卜素标准品 >95%,天津阿尔塔科技有限公司。
ICAP Q系列电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(配有四级杆质量分析器及数据处理系统)、Trace 1310气相色谱仪(配有FID检测器及变色龙7.2数据处理系统) 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;LC-20AD/T高效液相色谱仪(配有二极管阵列检测器(PDA)) 日本岛津公司;A300全自动氨基酸分析仪(配有AminoPeaK数据处理系统) 德国曼默博尔公司;GZX-DH202-1-BS电热恒温干燥箱 上海博迅公司;SX2-4-10TP箱式电阻炉 上海一恒公司;UV-1800PC紫外可见分光光度计 上海翱艺公司;MS 3 digital高速冷冻离心机 IKA艾卡集团;JXFSTPRP-CLN研磨仪 上海净信公司;BSA224S-CW分析天平 德国赛多利斯公司;CentriVap冷冻浓缩仪 美国LABCONCO公司;SB-800DT超声波清洗机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司。
采用冰盒将鲜活福永膏蟹运输至实验室后迅速用清水冲洗干净,擦干体表水分,逐个用电子天平进行准确称重、测量甲长甲宽,随后用镊子等工具仔细将每只蟹的卵巢、肝胰腺和躯体不同部位肌肉(腹部肌肉、大螯肌肉、附肢肌肉[5])分别取出,称重记录,将样品放入冰箱冷冻备用,并根据以下公式计算其肥满度(Condition Factor,CF)、卵巢指数(Gonadosomatic Index,GSI),肝胰腺指数(Hepatosomatic Index,HSI),出肉率(Meat Yield,MY)、总可食率(Total Edible Yield,TEY)[3]和各部分出肉率[5]。
$ \mathrm{CF=W/L}^{ \mathrm{3}} $
$\rm \mathrm{GSI(\text{%})=WG/W\times 100} $
$ \mathrm{HSI(\text{%})=WH/W\times 100} $
$ \mathrm{MY(\text{%})=WM/W\times 100} $
$ \mathrm{TEY(\text{%})=GSI+HSI+MY} $
$ \mathrm{各部分出肉率(\text{%})=各部分肌肉质量/W\times 100} $
式中:L为甲长(cm);W为体质量(g);WG为卵巢质量(g);WH为肝胰腺质量(g);WM为躯体所有肌肉质量(g)。
常规营养成分测定:参考GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》的方法测定水分含量;参考GB 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》的方法测定灰分含量;参考GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中粗脂肪的测定》的方法测定粗脂肪含量;参考GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》的方法测定粗蛋白含量。
将研磨后的组织样本用氯仿试剂提取类胡萝卜素,完全提取后进行真空干燥并用乙酸乙酯重新溶解,随后使用高效液相色谱仪测定组织中虾青素、叶黄素、玉米黄质、角黄素和β-胡萝卜素的含量[6−8]。液相PDA条件参数如下:YMC C30色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5 μm),色谱柱温度35 ℃,进样量20 μL,流动相由A和B组成,其中流动相A为甲醇-乙腈水(体积比为73.5:24.5:2)的混合物,流动相B为甲基叔丁基醚,采用梯度洗脱程序(流速1 mL/min,0 min-0% B、10 min-55% B、11 min-85% B、13 min-85% B、14 min-0% B、18 min-0% B),检测波长:DL-生育酚乙酸酯(内标)为286 nm,叶黄素、玉米黄质和β-胡萝卜素为450 nm,虾青素和角黄素为471 nm。根据5种市售标准品鉴定并通过内标法定量5种类胡萝卜素。
参考GB 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》的方法测定氨基酸含量。
氨基酸品质评价:根据世界粮食与农业组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)1973年建议的氨基酸评分标准模式,通过以下公式计算出氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)[9−10],从而评估氨基酸营养价值:
$ \rm AAS=\frac{待测样品中氨基酸含量}{FAO/WHO评分标准模式中同种氨基酸含量}\times 100 $
参考GB 5009.168-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪酸的测定》的方法测定脂肪酸含量。
参考GB 5009.268-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》的方法测定矿物质元素含量。
所有实验重复3次,实验数据以平均值±标准差表示。使用Excel软件进行数据统计,Origin 2024软件作图,SPSS 27.0.1软件进行数据处理、方差分析( ANOVA) 和差异显著性检验,其中 P>0.05 表示差异不显著,P<0.05 表示差异显著。
为系统明确福永膏蟹可食组织发育的品种特异性,本研究首先对福永膏蟹与对照蟹种(绥芬河绒螯蟹、三疣梭子蟹)的可食组织系数及体形态指标进行对比分析,初步揭示三者在组织发育层面的品种分化特征,为后续营养成分差异分析奠定基础。结果如表1所示,福永膏蟹的平均体质量、甲长、甲宽均高于绥芬河绒螯蟹和三疣梭子蟹,三者肥满度无明显差异。福永膏蟹的卵巢指数达10.18%,高于绥芬河绒螯蟹(2.65%)和三疣梭子蟹(4.82%)。参照文献[4]的膏蟹分级标准(卵巢指数≥8为Ⅰ级特级红膏、5~<8为Ⅱ级大红、3~<5为Ⅲ级中红、1.5~<3为Ⅳ级一点红、<1.5为Ⅴ级白蟹),本研究中福永膏蟹为Ⅰ级特级红膏,绥芬河绒螯蟹为Ⅳ级,三疣梭子蟹为Ⅲ级,这一差异体现了福永膏蟹体形饱满、蟹膏丰富的显著优势。
从其他组织系数看,福永膏蟹肝胰腺指数低于绥芬河绒螯蟹但高于三疣梭子蟹,出肉率低于两种对照蟹,总可食率亦较低,推测与福永膏蟹卵巢(蟹膏)占比高导致的组织分配差异相关。对福永膏蟹躯体肌肉出肉率进一步细分发现(图1),不同部位出肉率差异显著(P<0.05)。其中,腹部出肉率最高(10.43%)、附肢出肉率最低(2.23%)、大螯出肉率居中,表明腹部与大螯肌肉是其躯体肌肉的主要组成部分,这与汪倩[5]对三疣梭子蟹肌肉分布的研究结论一致。
从市场应用维度看,结合粤港澳地区水产市场行业惯例,蟹类流通中商户常依据肥满度与膏蟹等级差异化定价(Ⅰ级特级红膏与Ⅱ级大红售价280~350元/kg,面向高端市场;Ⅴ级白蟹售价100~140元/kg,面向价格敏感型客户),本研究证实福永膏蟹属Ⅰ级特级红膏,等级优势使其在市场定价中占据主导地位,可为商户带来可观利润,凸显其产业开发潜力。
在明确福永膏蟹与对照蟹种组织系数差异的基础上,本研究进一步开展基本营养成分对比分析,以验证其营养品质定位。表2显示,福永膏蟹三个部位相比较,肌肉水分含量显著高于肝胰腺与卵巢(P<0.05);卵巢、肝胰腺、肌肉的灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05);肝胰腺粗脂肪含量显著最高(P<0.05),卵巢粗蛋白含量显著最高(P<0.05),这一特征与绥芬河绒螯蟹、三疣梭子蟹一致,推测这是由于肝胰腺是脂质存储代谢核心部位,卵巢需积累蛋白质为繁殖发育提供能量与营养[3]。其中福永膏蟹卵巢“高蛋白(32.67%)、低脂肪(0.3%)”的特点尤为突出,其粗蛋白/粗脂肪比值达108.9,远高于绥芬河绒螯蟹(2.68)与三疣梭子蟹(2.25),证实其卵巢是优质低脂高蛋白食物来源。品种间对比显示,福永膏蟹肝胰腺粗脂肪含量低于两种对照蟹,粗蛋白含量则高于两种对照蟹;肌肉粗脂肪含量高于绥芬河绒螯蟹但低于三疣梭子蟹,粗蛋白含量高于两种对照蟹。综上,福永膏蟹不同组织营养分化显著,且整体呈现“卵巢低脂高蛋白、肝胰腺与肌肉蛋白优势突出”的特征,优于绥芬河绒螯蟹(淡水名蟹)与三疣梭子蟹(海产普通名蟹),契合消费者低脂高蛋白的饮食需求。该结果不仅完善了福永膏蟹的品质定位,为消费者食用选择提供参考,更从产业价值维度明确其在“淡水名蟹-海产普通名蟹-海产特色膏蟹”市场梯度中的特色地位,为后续品质分级与产业应用提供科学数据支撑。
在明确福永膏蟹与绥芬河绒螯蟹、三疣梭子蟹的组织系数及基本营养成分差异后,类胡萝卜素作为反映蟹类营养价值与生理功能的关键功能性成分,其组成特征与分布规律对科学评估福永膏蟹的品质优势具有重要支撑作用。因此,本研究进一步聚焦福永膏蟹卵巢与肝胰腺两大核心可食组织,开展类胡萝卜素组成分析,同时基于福永膏蟹与三疣梭子蟹同属海产蟹类的生态共性,选取三疣梭子蟹作为针对性对比品种,系统探究福永膏蟹类胡萝卜素的组织特异性及品种间差异。结果如表3所示,福永膏蟹卵巢部位含有虾青素、叶黄素、玉米黄质、角黄素和β-胡萝卜素共五种类胡萝卜素,而肝胰腺部位中检测出了虾青素、叶黄素、玉米黄质和β-胡萝卜素共四种类胡萝卜素,未检测出角黄素。其中,卵巢的各类胡萝卜素含量以及总类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于肝胰腺组(P<0.05),这可能是因为在福永膏蟹卵巢发育过程中,存在于肝胰腺中的类胡萝卜素被转运至卵巢以供发育所导致[3]。此外,福永膏蟹的卵巢中的叶黄素、玉米黄质、角黄素、β-胡萝卜素以及总类胡萝卜素的含量均高于三疣梭子蟹,肝胰腺中的玉米黄质、β-胡萝卜素以及总类胡萝卜素的含量高于三疣梭子蟹。已有研究证实,虾青素[11]、叶黄素[12]、β-胡萝卜素[13]等类胡萝卜素成分具有抗氧化作用和多种生理功能[14],基于此,从类胡萝卜素这一功能性营养成分的组成特征来看,福永膏蟹不同可食组织间存在显著差异,其卵巢部位因富集更丰富的类胡萝卜素种类及更高的含量,营养价值优于肝胰腺部位。与此同时,在品种间对比层面,福永膏蟹展现出相较于海产同类品种三疣梭子蟹的营养优势,该结果进一步充实并完善了福永膏蟹品种优质性的科学评估体系,为界定其品质特性提供了关键依据。
蛋白质作为生命体必需的重要有机大分子,在人体生长发育、新陈代谢及各项生理机能维持中具有不可替代的作用,而氨基酸作为蛋白质的基本结构单元,其组成特征直接决定蛋白质的营养价值[15−16]。在明确福永膏蟹类胡萝卜素的组织特异性及品种优势后,氨基酸作为构成蟹类肉质营养与风味的核心基础成分,其在不同可食组织中的组成与分布特征,是进一步系统解析福永膏蟹组织营养差异的关键。因此,本研究后续围绕福永膏蟹卵巢、肝胰腺与肌肉三大核心可食组织,开展氨基酸组成分析,旨在明确各组织的氨基酸构成特点及营养优势差异,为福永膏蟹可食组织的精准开发利用提供理论支撑。福永膏蟹不同部位中的氨基酸组成和含量比较如表4所示,三个部位中均检测出18种氨基酸,包括8种必需氨基酸和10种非必需氨基酸。就氨基酸含量而言,三个部位的必需氨基酸中均以亮氨酸和赖氨酸为主,色氨酸含量较低;非必需氨基酸中,谷氨酸含量最高,其次为天冬氨酸。就不同部位而言,卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉中的氨基酸含量存在显著差异,肌肉中除了色氨酸和半胱氨酸外的16种氨基酸的含量、总必需氨基酸含量(Total Essential Amino Acid Content,EAA)、总非必需氨基酸含量(Total Non-Essential Amino Acid Content,NEAA)以及总氨基酸含量(TAA)均显著高于卵巢组和肝胰腺组(P<0.05)。对于必需氨基酸组成比例,FAO/WHO推荐较好的蛋白质组成中必需氨基酸/总氨基酸比值(EAA/TAA)应为0.4左右[17],福永膏蟹卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉的EAA/TAA比值分别为0.39、0.37和0.37,EAA/NEAA比值分别为0.65、0.60和0.59,可看出三者均具有较好的氨基酸比例,其中,卵巢的EAA/TAA值和EAA/NEAA值均显著高于肝胰腺和肌肉组(P<0.05),说明其氨基酸组成比例更符合人体需求。
利用氨基酸评分对福永膏蟹三个部位的必需氨基酸组成进行评价,结果如表5所示,肌肉的平均AAS高于肝胰腺和卵巢,卵巢和肌肉的第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,而肝胰腺的第一、第二限制性氨基酸则分别为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸、色氨酸,这表明色氨酸以及蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸是限制三者必需氨基酸组成的主要氨基酸。
呈味氨基酸(包括鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸)是影响食物鲜美度的因素之一,其中,鲜味氨基酸有谷氨酸和天冬氨酸等,甜味氨基酸有甘氨酸、丙氨酸和脯氨酸等[18−20]。整体来说,福永膏蟹中富含各种氨基酸,不仅营养价值高,丰富的呈味氨基酸使其味道鲜美。就不同部位而言,肌肉中的各鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量均显著高于卵巢和肝胰腺(P<0.05),因此肌肉风味更佳。
脂类及其水解产物脂肪酸在调控蟹类组织风味、维持营养均衡中发挥关键作用,其组成与含量特征对深入解析福永膏蟹的组织营养特异性具有重要意义。鉴于此,在明晰福永膏蟹氨基酸的组织分布规律后,进一步系统测定并分析福永膏蟹卵巢、肝胰腺与肌肉三大核心可食组织脂类组成与脂肪酸含量,明确不同组织的脂类营养差异,进而完善其组织营养评价体系。福永膏蟹不同部位的脂类含量如表6所示,结果显示,在三种部位中,磷脂酰肌醇均为含量最高的脂类,胆固醇则为含量最低的脂类,且福永膏蟹肌肉的胆固醇含量低于三疣梭子蟹肌肉[5],这一特征使其在满足消费者对蟹类肉质营养需求的同时,更契合现代人群“低胆固醇摄入”的健康饮食理念,进一步凸显了福永膏蟹肌肉部位的食用价值优势。从组织间差异来看,福永膏蟹卵巢中的胆固醇含量显著低于肝胰腺与肌肉(P<0.05),磷脂酰胆碱含量显著高于其他部位(P<0.05)。肝胰腺中的磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇含量则均显著高于卵巢与肌肉(P<0.05)。通过对比不同组织的脂类构成特征,旨在深化对福永膏蟹组织间营养特异性的认知,为全面评估福永膏蟹组织营养品质提供数据支撑。
表7显示了福永膏蟹卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉中的脂肪酸含量,三者共检出27种脂肪酸,其中肝胰腺中所含的脂肪酸种类最多,共有27种,而卵巢中共检出13种脂肪酸,肌肉中共检出11种脂肪酸。所检出的脂肪酸碳链长度介于12~22个碳原子之间,包括必需脂肪酸亚油酸(C18:2n-6)、α-亚麻酸(C18:3n-3)及其衍生的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)花生四烯酸(C20:4n-6,ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(C20:5n-3,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6n-3,DHA),不同部位间所含有的脂肪酸存在差异。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)是重要能量来源,但其过量摄入可能导致心血管疾病发生的隐患[21],三者SFA中含量最高的均为C16:0(棕榈酸),且C12:0、C13:0、C17:0、C20:0、C21:0、C22:0仅在肝胰腺中被检出,肝胰腺中SFA总含量显著高于卵巢和肌肉(P<0.05)。单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)可显著降低血清总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平[22],其中以油酸(C18:1n-9c)为代表的单不饱和脂肪酸降低LDL-C的效果较饱和脂肪酸更具优势[23]。三者MUFA中均以C18:1n-9c和C16:1n-9为主,二者总含量均占MUFA总含量的85%以上。C14:1、C18:1n-9t和C20:1仅在肝胰腺中被检出,肝胰腺MUFA总含量显著高于卵巢和肌肉(P<0.05)。
PUFA作为人体无法内源性合成的必需营养素,需通过膳食获取以满足生理需求。PUFA在加热烹饪时易产生独特香气以提升食物风味,还能改善心血管健康,具有潜在抗癌活性[24−25]。从整体来看,卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉都含有丰富的PUFA,特别是ARA、DHA和EPA。其中,三者PUFA中含量最高的均为DHA,DHA和EPA总含量均占PUFA总含量的45%以上。C18:3n-6、C20:2n-6、C20:3n-6和C22:2n-6仅在肝胰腺中被检出,肝胰腺的PUFA总含量显著高于卵巢和肌肉(P<0.05)。DHA与EPA作为n-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸的典型代表,具有重要功能,EPA可发挥心血管保护作用,DHA可增强记忆力,被称为“脑黄金”[26]。肝胰腺的DHA含量、EPA含量、DHA+EPA以及DHA/EPA均显著高于肌肉和卵巢(P<0.05),并且肝胰腺中检出的脂肪酸种类和含量均更多,综合比较可知,肝胰腺的脂肪酸营养价值高于卵巢和肌肉。在膳食营养评价体系中,n-3与n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的比值(n-3/n-6)被公认为关键指标,其数值越大,食物营养价值越高[27]。FAO/WHO建议膳食中n-3/n-6比值应维持在0.1~0.2区间以满足基础代谢需求[28],大于此范围则对人体更有益。本研究中,福永膏蟹卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉的n-3/n-6比值分别高达2.79,1.42和2.79,明显高于推荐范围,表明福永膏蟹具有突出的脂肪酸营养优势,在n-3/n-6比值方面,卵巢和肌肉优于肝胰腺。福永膏蟹不同可食组织间脂肪酸差异特征为消费者根据健康需求与营养偏好针对性选择蟹类可食部位提供了科学依据。
矿物质(又称无机盐)作为人体必需的微量营养素,不仅是构成人体组织、调节生理代谢的关键物质,其组成与含量更已成为评估食品营养品质的核心指标[29],因此,蟹类可食组织中矿物质的富集特征,亦是衡量其营养价值的重要维度之一。在完成福永膏蟹氨基酸、脂肪酸组成的组织差异分析基础上,进一步对卵巢、肝胰腺与肌肉三大组织的矿物质组成进行测定与对比,旨在系统揭示福永膏蟹不同可食组织的矿物质分布规律,为全面评估其组织营养品质、指导消费者针对性选择提供科学支撑。本实验主要测定了12种矿物质元素含量,如表8所示,福永膏蟹卵巢、肝胰腺及肌肉中均含有4种常量元素(Na、K、Mg、Ca)和8种微量元素(Fe、Zn、Cu、Al、Se、Mn、Co、Sr),12种矿物质元素的含量趋势基本一致。三个部位的常量元素含量相比,肝胰腺中的Na和Ca含量显著高于肌肉和卵巢(P<0.05),而肌肉中的K和Mg含量显著高于肝胰腺和卵巢(P<0.05)。Na、K、Ca、Mg与神经肌肉的应激性密切相关[30],Ca是构成骨骼和牙齿的主要成分[31],从常量元素含量来看,肝胰腺和肌肉的营养价值优于卵巢。在微量元素方面,卵巢、肝胰腺及肌肉中含量较高的均为Fe、Zn、Cu。三个部位相比较,卵巢中的Zn、Se含量显著高于另外两者(P<0.05),肝胰腺的Fe、Cu、Co、Sr含量显著最高(P<0.05),肌肉中的Al含量显著最高(P<0.05)。Zn、Fe、Se等元素是人体必需微量元素,Zn具有促进人体生长发育、调节免疫等功能[32];Fe能够参与血红蛋白合成,影响能量代谢与细胞呼吸过程[33];Se具有抗氧化作用,可降低肿瘤发生风险[34]。福永膏蟹是较好的Zn、Fe、Se元素食物补充来源,其中,卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉中的Zn含量分别高达135.67、14.4和59.43 mg/kg,Fe含量分别高达9.45、86.53和36.9 mg/kg。从微量元素含量来看,卵巢和肝胰腺的营养价值优于肌肉。
本研究系统分析福永膏蟹可食组织营养成分,发现其卵巢指数达10.18%(Ⅰ级特级红膏),高于已报道的绥芬河绒螯蟹(Ⅳ级)与三疣梭子蟹(Ⅲ级),具有品种营养优势;组织层面,肌肉氨基酸营养价值(EAA、TAA含量及AAS)最优,而其卵巢部位低脂肪、高蛋白、富含类胡萝卜素的特征补充了福永膏蟹组织营养特异性研究空白,肝胰腺虽DHA、EPA含量最高但n-3/n-6比值相对较低。本研究建立的评价体系为福永膏蟹营养研究提供基础数据,通过明确各组织营养定位指导福永膏蟹的深加工开发与消费者膳食,助力提升其市场竞争力。本研究仅聚焦成体雌性个体,未涉及福永膏蟹生长阶段、性别、养殖模式及季节性变化对营养品质的影响,后续可扩大样本范围分析环境与养殖因素对营养品质的调控机制,进一步完善福永膏蟹品质调控理论与产业应用体系。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070046
  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
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    1深圳鹏城技师学院健康管理学院,广东深圳 518040
    2深圳职业技术大学食品药品学院,广东深圳 518055

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郑昕(1978−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品营养,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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