Article(id=1320881924516729364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852391603, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852391603, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852391603, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852391603, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=228, endPage=239, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881924789359125, articleId=1320881924516729364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Fermentation on the Structure and Biological Activity Stability of Crude Polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. after Heat, Acid, and Sterilization Treatments, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, in practical applications, extreme conditions such as high-temperature infusion, gastric acid environments, and sterilization processes may compromise the stability of their biological activities. To investigate the effect of fermentation on the stability of biological activity of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. under extreme conditions, the structural and activity changes of the polysaccharides before and after fermentation were measured using heat, acid, and sterilization treatments to evaluate the impact of fermentation on the stability of their biological activity. The results indicated that, in terms of structural characteristics, the molecular weight of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. decreased both before and after fermentation, as well as after treatments at 100 ℃ for 3.5 h, pH=1, and 121 ℃ for 30 min. Furthermore, the molecular weight after fermentation was significantly lower than that before fermentation under all treatment conditions. In terms of biological activity, after heat, acid, and sterilization treatments, fermentation enhanced the scavenging rate of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. against the 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) diammonium salt cation (ABTS+) radical, demonstrating excellent antioxidant stability. After heat and acid treatments, fermentation increased the α-amylase inhibition rate. However, under sterilization conditions of 121 ℃ for 20 min, fermentation did not enhance inhibition rate, whereas it improved it under all other conditions. After heat, acid, and sterilization treatments, under most conditions, the binding capacity of fermented crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. to sodium glycodeoxycholate and sodium taurodeoxycholate decreased compared to the samples before fermentation. In summary, the fermentation process enhanced the antioxidant capacity and hypoglycemic effects of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L., while improving their stability. Although no significant improvement in hypolipidemic activity was observed, the fermentation process still ensured the consistent performance of the polysaccharide in this regard. This study provides a theoretical basis for the stability of the primary biological activities of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. during fermentation, offering practical guidance for their application in the functional food industry.

, authors=Jinyi YU1, 2, Enzhao YAN1, 2, Jinpeng LI1, Rui WANG1, Shitong LI1, Hui LI1, Huifang NIU1, Hongxing ZHANG1, Hongbo WANG1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Jinyi YU, Enzhao YAN, Jinpeng LI, Rui WANG, Shitong LI, Hui LI, Huifang NIU, Hongxing ZHANG, Hongbo WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongbo WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881929407287853, articleId=1320881924516729364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖在热、酸及灭菌处理后结构和生物活性稳定性的影响, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

白扁豆花粗多糖具有抗氧化、降糖、降脂等生物活性,而在实际应用中,各种极端条件如高温冲泡、胃酸环境和灭菌处理会影响其生物活性稳定性。为了研究发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖在极端条件下生物活性稳定性的影响,通过热、酸及灭菌处理,测定了发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的结构和活性变化,以评价发酵对其生物活性稳定性的影响。结果表明,结构特征方面,经过100 ℃,3.5 h处理、pH=1处理、121 ℃,30 min处理后,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的分子量均降低,且发酵后的分子量在各处理条件下显著低于发酵前。生物活性方面,热、酸及灭菌处理后,发酵提高了白扁豆花粗多糖对2,2'-联氮基双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐阳离子(ABTS+)自由基的清除率,表现出良好的抗氧化稳定性;热和酸处理后,发酵提高了对α-淀粉酶的抑制率,而在121 ℃,20 min的灭菌处理条件下,发酵未提高其抑制率,但在其他条件下均有所提高;热、酸及灭菌处理后,大部分条件下发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对甘氨脱氧胆酸钠和牛磺脱氧胆酸钠的结合能力较发酵前有所降低。综上所述,发酵过程能够提升白扁豆花粗多糖的抗氧化能力与降血糖效果,并增强其稳定性。尽管在降血脂活性方面未观察到明显提升,但发酵处理依然保障了该多糖在此方面的稳定表现。本研究为发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖主要生物活性稳定性提供了理论依据,为其在功能食品领域的应用提供了实践指导。

, authors=余金毅1, 2, 颜恩召1, 2, 李锦鹏1, 王蕊1, 李诗彤1, 李慧1, 牛慧芳1, 张红星1, 王红波1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=余金毅, 颜恩召, 李锦鹏, 王蕊, 李诗彤, 李慧, 牛慧芳, 张红星, 王红波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王红波, authorNote=

余金毅(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王红波(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+1ea7qB8m/bk5nH5yHn/nA==, magXml=6INduEPtS1ybSenJLGwfDQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=jRflXs9ktZj4rUpMaq702w==, pdfFileSize=5493931, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5raA7wIhTL05Dgd0fJlrVg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1s20lN3h2GCeGJEGELimtw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881929889632824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yu17664424128@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881929990296123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, authorId=1320881929889632824, language=EN, stringName=Jinyi YU, firstName=Jinyi, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Food and Medicine Homologous Specialty Resources, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 278: 134759., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881929621197358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881929629585967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, companyId=1320881929621197358, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Food and Medicine Homologous Specialty Resources, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881929637974576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, companyId=1320881929621197358, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1江汉大学生命科学学院,药食同源特色资源综合利用创新中心,湖北武汉 430056)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881929713472049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881929721860658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, companyId=1320881929713472049, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Legume Plants, Wuhan 430056, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881929730249267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, companyId=1320881929713472049, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2湖北省豆类(蔬菜)植物工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉 430056)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320881929793163828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881929801552437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, companyId=1320881929793163828, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Hubei Enterprise-College Joint Innovation Center of Healthy Sugar Substitute Product, Wuhan 430056, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881929809941046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, companyId=1320881929793163828, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3湖北省健康代糖产品企校联合创新中心,湖北武汉 430056)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881936868954739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Molecular weight of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation under three treatment conditions and untreated, figureFileSmall=+y8ZwUM/ywI9k1rTn9dhCA==, figureFileBig=5raA7wIhTL05Dgd0fJlrVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881936931869300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图1, caption=三种条件处理及未处理的发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的分子量

注:A、C、E为白扁豆花粗多糖,B、D、F为发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖,图2同。

, figureFileSmall=+y8ZwUM/ywI9k1rTn9dhCA==, figureFileBig=5raA7wIhTL05Dgd0fJlrVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937137390197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Infrared spectra of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation under three treatment conditions and untreated, figureFileSmall=zgsREn67uNJud9HWph2/Bw==, figureFileBig=qiZ+LxV13lAAaAXjJMf3wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937200304758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图2, caption=三种条件处理及未处理的发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=zgsREn67uNJud9HWph2/Bw==, figureFileBig=qiZ+LxV13lAAaAXjJMf3wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937284190839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of heat treatment on the antioxidant stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=4R3Z71ys/ILrl7CAAhxdPg==, figureFileBig=oF/lkUl3THkbAdCMALvDQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937351299704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图3, caption=热处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖抗氧化稳定性的影响

注:不同小写字母表示在相同加热温度下不同时间处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),*表示在相同加热时间下不同温度与100 ℃处理组相比差异显著(P<0.05);A为白扁豆花粗多糖,B为发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖;图4同。

, figureFileSmall=4R3Z71ys/ILrl7CAAhxdPg==, figureFileBig=oF/lkUl3THkbAdCMALvDQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937426797177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of heat treatment on the hypoglycemic stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=B9ljPRJ17tcpkYWL0Tk9VA==, figureFileBig=YF7+E0HzFUgBqjt/YYCmPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937498100346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图4, caption=热处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖降血糖稳定性的影响, figureFileSmall=B9ljPRJ17tcpkYWL0Tk9VA==, figureFileBig=YF7+E0HzFUgBqjt/YYCmPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937561014907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of heat treatment on the hypolipidemic stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=yLfN/THM6FKPgAsDn84kLg==, figureFileBig=W7UZQX2WmJxYnupG7Csyhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937615540860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图5, caption=热处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖降血脂稳定性的影响

注:不同小写字母表示在相同加热温度下不同时间处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),*表示在相同加热时间下不同温度与100 ℃处理组相比差异显著(P<0.05);A、C为白扁豆花粗多糖,B、D为发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖。

, figureFileSmall=yLfN/THM6FKPgAsDn84kLg==, figureFileBig=W7UZQX2WmJxYnupG7Csyhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937686844029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of acid treatment on the antioxidant stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=khHiU1rUeUb6hnXzc3oo9w==, figureFileBig=0zCp2mzcppivxPaJcUcjlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937745564286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图6, caption=酸处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖抗氧化稳定性的影响

注:不同小写字母表示在不同pH下同组间差异显著(P<0.05),*表示在相同pH下两组间差异显著(P<0.05),图7~图8同。

, figureFileSmall=khHiU1rUeUb6hnXzc3oo9w==, figureFileBig=0zCp2mzcppivxPaJcUcjlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937808478847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of acid treatment on the hypoglycemic stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=2YdTEfC0AJJkolK8G7GE9Q==, figureFileBig=pFUf5xASTxweWaNJ/+IULg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937879782016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图7, caption=酸处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖降血糖稳定性的影响, figureFileSmall=2YdTEfC0AJJkolK8G7GE9Q==, figureFileBig=pFUf5xASTxweWaNJ/+IULg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881937942696577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of acid treatment on the hypolipidemic stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=zUHDudrfL40hTICVcIUB1w==, figureFileBig=QsSLRMrL5hfw/kY019EXWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938013999746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图8, caption=酸处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖降血脂稳定性的影响, figureFileSmall=zUHDudrfL40hTICVcIUB1w==, figureFileBig=QsSLRMrL5hfw/kY019EXWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938093691523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of sterilization treatment on the antioxidant stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=08XX1TM5UTvYmlvywcxdhQ==, figureFileBig=cuHFC3n5bcmttJ4ly7ghig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938185966212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图9, caption=灭菌处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖抗氧化稳定性的影响

注:不同小写字母表示在不同灭菌条件下同组间差异显著(P<0.05),*表示在相同灭菌条件下两组间差异显著(P<0.05),图10~图11同。

, figureFileSmall=08XX1TM5UTvYmlvywcxdhQ==, figureFileBig=cuHFC3n5bcmttJ4ly7ghig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938299212421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of sterilization treatment on the hypoglycemic stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=sgY4Ma4yci4FZi6er1lGCA==, figureFileBig=YllToPEMiYBXQzc+o4UQQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938378904198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图10, caption=灭菌处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖降血糖稳定性的影响, figureFileSmall=sgY4Ma4yci4FZi6er1lGCA==, figureFileBig=YllToPEMiYBXQzc+o4UQQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938450207367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effects of sterilization treatment on the hypolipidemic stability of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=EjYFgPDqTHdOlE06qFKnZQ==, figureFileBig=7HOBV5UYLDUcWpHqA5DuGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938529899144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=图11, caption=灭菌处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖降血脂稳定性的影响, figureFileSmall=EjYFgPDqTHdOlE06qFKnZQ==, figureFileBig=7HOBV5UYLDUcWpHqA5DuGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881938584425097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Molecular weight results of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. before and after fermentation under three treatment conditions and untreated

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品RT(min)Mw(kDa)
白扁豆花粗多糖32.608141
发酵白扁豆花粗多糖33.85883.8
热处理后白扁豆花粗多糖33.60693.1
热处理后发酵白扁豆花粗多糖34.90454.2
酸处理后白扁豆花粗多糖33.002120
酸处理后发酵白扁豆花粗多糖34.24871.3
灭菌处理后白扁豆花粗多糖35.05550.9
灭菌处理后发酵白扁豆花粗多糖36.01134.2
), ArticleFig(id=1320881938651533962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881924516729364, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三种条件处理及未处理的发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的分子量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品RT(min)Mw(kDa)
白扁豆花粗多糖32.608141
发酵白扁豆花粗多糖33.85883.8
热处理后白扁豆花粗多糖33.60693.1
热处理后发酵白扁豆花粗多糖34.90454.2
酸处理后白扁豆花粗多糖33.002120
酸处理后发酵白扁豆花粗多糖34.24871.3
灭菌处理后白扁豆花粗多糖35.05550.9
灭菌处理后发酵白扁豆花粗多糖36.01134.2
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发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖在热、酸及灭菌处理后结构和生物活性稳定性的影响
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余金毅 1, 2 , 颜恩召 1, 2 , 李锦鹏 1 , 王蕊 1 , 李诗彤 1 , 李慧 1 , 牛慧芳 1 , 张红星 1 , 王红波 1, 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(16): 228-239
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (16) : 228 -239
发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖在热、酸及灭菌处理后结构和生物活性稳定性的影响
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2湖北省豆类(蔬菜)植物工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉 430056
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余金毅1, 2 , 颜恩召1, 2, 李锦鹏1, 王蕊1, 李诗彤1, 李慧1, 牛慧芳1, 张红星1, 王红波1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1江汉大学生命科学学院,药食同源特色资源综合利用创新中心,湖北武汉 430056
  • 2湖北省豆类(蔬菜)植物工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉 430056
  • 3湖北省健康代糖产品企校联合创新中心,湖北武汉 430056
通讯作者:
王红波(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

余金毅(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:

Effect of Fermentation on the Structure and Biological Activity Stability of Crude Polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. after Heat, Acid, and Sterilization Treatments
Jinyi YU1, 2 , Enzhao YAN1, 2, Jinpeng LI1, Rui WANG1, Shitong LI1, Hui LI1, Huifang NIU1, Hongxing ZHANG1, Hongbo WANG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Food and Medicine Homologous Specialty Resources, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 2Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Legume Plants, Wuhan 430056, China
  • 3Hubei Enterprise-College Joint Innovation Center of Healthy Sugar Substitute Product, Wuhan 430056, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070041
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白扁豆花粗多糖具有抗氧化、降糖、降脂等生物活性,而在实际应用中,各种极端条件如高温冲泡、胃酸环境和灭菌处理会影响其生物活性稳定性。为了研究发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖在极端条件下生物活性稳定性的影响,通过热、酸及灭菌处理,测定了发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的结构和活性变化,以评价发酵对其生物活性稳定性的影响。结果表明,结构特征方面,经过100 ℃,3.5 h处理、pH=1处理、121 ℃,30 min处理后,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的分子量均降低,且发酵后的分子量在各处理条件下显著低于发酵前。生物活性方面,热、酸及灭菌处理后,发酵提高了白扁豆花粗多糖对2,2'-联氮基双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐阳离子(ABTS+)自由基的清除率,表现出良好的抗氧化稳定性;热和酸处理后,发酵提高了对α-淀粉酶的抑制率,而在121 ℃,20 min的灭菌处理条件下,发酵未提高其抑制率,但在其他条件下均有所提高;热、酸及灭菌处理后,大部分条件下发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对甘氨脱氧胆酸钠和牛磺脱氧胆酸钠的结合能力较发酵前有所降低。综上所述,发酵过程能够提升白扁豆花粗多糖的抗氧化能力与降血糖效果,并增强其稳定性。尽管在降血脂活性方面未观察到明显提升,但发酵处理依然保障了该多糖在此方面的稳定表现。本研究为发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖主要生物活性稳定性提供了理论依据,为其在功能食品领域的应用提供了实践指导。

白扁豆花粗多糖  /  发酵  /  稳定性  /  结构特征  /  生物活性

Crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. However, in practical applications, extreme conditions such as high-temperature infusion, gastric acid environments, and sterilization processes may compromise the stability of their biological activities. To investigate the effect of fermentation on the stability of biological activity of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. under extreme conditions, the structural and activity changes of the polysaccharides before and after fermentation were measured using heat, acid, and sterilization treatments to evaluate the impact of fermentation on the stability of their biological activity. The results indicated that, in terms of structural characteristics, the molecular weight of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. decreased both before and after fermentation, as well as after treatments at 100 ℃ for 3.5 h, pH=1, and 121 ℃ for 30 min. Furthermore, the molecular weight after fermentation was significantly lower than that before fermentation under all treatment conditions. In terms of biological activity, after heat, acid, and sterilization treatments, fermentation enhanced the scavenging rate of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. against the 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) diammonium salt cation (ABTS+) radical, demonstrating excellent antioxidant stability. After heat and acid treatments, fermentation increased the α-amylase inhibition rate. However, under sterilization conditions of 121 ℃ for 20 min, fermentation did not enhance inhibition rate, whereas it improved it under all other conditions. After heat, acid, and sterilization treatments, under most conditions, the binding capacity of fermented crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. to sodium glycodeoxycholate and sodium taurodeoxycholate decreased compared to the samples before fermentation. In summary, the fermentation process enhanced the antioxidant capacity and hypoglycemic effects of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L., while improving their stability. Although no significant improvement in hypolipidemic activity was observed, the fermentation process still ensured the consistent performance of the polysaccharide in this regard. This study provides a theoretical basis for the stability of the primary biological activities of crude polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. during fermentation, offering practical guidance for their application in the functional food industry.

Flos. Dolichos lablab L. crude polysaccharide  /  fermentation  /  stability  /  structural characterization  /  biological activity
余金毅, 颜恩召, 李锦鹏, 王蕊, 李诗彤, 李慧, 牛慧芳, 张红星, 王红波. 发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖在热、酸及灭菌处理后结构和生物活性稳定性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 228 -239 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070041
Jinyi YU, Enzhao YAN, Jinpeng LI, Rui WANG, Shitong LI, Hui LI, Huifang NIU, Hongxing ZHANG, Hongbo WANG. Effect of Fermentation on the Structure and Biological Activity Stability of Crude Polysaccharides from Flos. Dolichos lablab L. after Heat, Acid, and Sterilization Treatments[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 228 -239 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070041
白扁豆是一种具有悠久药食两用历史的植物[1],其花、种子和根等部位被广泛应用于制作多种特色食品。Gao等[2]研究发现扁豆的不同部位(花和种子)可能是治疗溃疡性结肠炎的潜在资源,它们通过多种活性成分发挥治疗作用。白扁豆花富含多糖,具有丰富的营养价值[3],是一种药食同源的食品资源。现代药用植物学研究证实,白扁豆花具有抗菌、抗病毒及抗氧化活性,可用于治疗胃肠功能紊乱、肠易激综合征、腹泻、糖尿病及肥胖症[4−5]。此外,在溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型中,白扁豆花显著降低了TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β等炎症因子的表达,并保护了肠上皮细胞的紧密连接[2]。然而,关于白扁豆花粗多糖的生物活性研究仍较为有限,尤其是其抗氧化、降糖和降脂等方面的深入研究尚少。因此,探讨白扁豆花粗多糖的生物活性稳定性,尤其是在热、酸及灭菌处理后,发酵对其生物活性稳定性的影响,具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。
微生物发酵被广泛应用于生产各类食品,如乳制品、酒精性饮料、发酵果蔬等[6]。研究表明,发酵能显著提高多糖抗氧化[7]、降血糖[8]和降血脂[9]等生物活性。在发酵过程中,微生物的代谢作用可能对多糖的结构产生调节,进而影响其功能表现[10]。多糖的结构稳定性是其生物活性的基础,分子量和化学结构的变化可能直接影响多糖的生理功能[11]。已有研究表明,发酵能够通过改变多糖的分子量、糖链结构及官能团的存在形式,增强其抗氧化能力和生物利用度[12]。然而,在实际应用中,多糖常常暴露于热、酸或灭菌处理等极端条件下,这些条件可能导致多糖结构的破坏,从而降低其生物活性[13]。因此,研究白扁豆花粗多糖在不同条件下的结构及其生物活性稳定性变化具有重要的科学意义和应用价值,尤其是在发酵条件下对其结构和生物活性的影响。通过发酵微生物调控白扁豆花粗多糖的结构,可能在不显著破坏其本质特性的情况下,增强其生物活性,这为优化多糖的应用提供了新的研究方向和实践价值。有研究指出,功能性植物多糖在发酵过程中会经历微生物对其结构的微调作用,这种微调有助于提升其生物活性。王庆琳等[14]研究功能性植物多糖的发酵对其结构和生物活性的影响,强调了发酵过程中微生物对多糖结构的微调作用,以及这种作用对多糖生物活性的提升。Liu等[12]研究发酵植物性食品中多糖的结构变化及其对生物活性的影响,指出发酵过程中微生物通过酶的作用和代谢产物的形成,对多糖进行降解、合成和修饰,从而改变其结构,进而影响其生物活性。然而,现有研究尚不足以直接支持通过发酵调节白扁豆花粗多糖结构与功能的可行性,因此,仍需更多关于发酵过程中结构调控与功能增强之间关系的研究,以验证通过发酵调整粗多糖结构的有效性和可操作性。
本研究通过比较不同热、酸和灭菌处理对发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的分子量和红外光谱的结构特征以及其抗氧化、降血糖和降血脂生物活性的影响,探讨发酵过程对白扁豆花粗多糖生物活性稳定性的影响,旨在解析白扁豆花粗多糖的结构与生物活性关系,为白扁豆花多糖食品的开发与应用提供重要的理论指导。
白扁豆花 购于云南省西双版纳傣族自治州;纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis natto)CICC 10263 湖北省豆类(蔬菜)植物工程技术研究中心;2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS) 纯度≥98%,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylicacid,DNS) 纯度≥98%,北京索来宝科技有限公司;甘氨脱氧胆酸钠、牛磺脱氧胆酸钠 纯度≥97%,上海易恩化学技术有限公司;Dextran右旋糖酐 分析纯,西格玛-奥德里奇公司(Sigma-Aldrich);α-淀粉酶(≥4000 U/g)、胃蛋白酶(≥3000 U/g)、胰蛋白酶(≥250 U/mg) 北京兰杰柯科技有限公司;溴化钾、95%乙醇、磷酸、四硼酸钠等 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
Waters 1515高效液相色谱仪、Waters 2410示差检测器、Waters 2707自动进样器 美国Waters公司;聚合物基质水溶性SEC(GFC)色谱柱 日本Shodex;NICOLET iS50R傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific;Xinyi-20FA真空冷冻干燥机 宁波新艺超声设备有限公司;CR-GIII日立高速离心机 妙生科技有限公司。
参考屈雅宁等[15]方法,提取发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖。通过三区划线将纳豆芽孢杆菌接种至LB培养基,37 ℃培养2 d,挑取单菌落至LB液体培养基,37 ℃摇床培养1 d,得菌液。取适量干燥白扁豆花,磨粉机粉碎,过筛,备用。称取10 g白扁豆花粗粉于锥形瓶中,120 ℃灭菌15 min,将菌液以5%接种量(质量分数)接种于白扁豆花粗粉中,37 ℃培养1 d后补充一定水分,利于微生物作用,再培养1 d。发酵结束后,冷冻干燥12 h,−20 ℃保存,备用。
将发酵前后白扁豆花粗粉过60目筛后,加入95%乙醇振荡6 h,8000 r/min离心,去除上清并烘干。脱脂粉末以液料比1:20加入去离子水,95 ℃浸提6 h,冷却后离心,收集上清。加入3%三氯乙酸去蛋白,静置过夜后离心,收集上清,再加95%乙醇沉淀,冷冻干燥得粗多糖。所得白扁豆花粗多糖提取得率为(7.18±0.74)%,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖提取得率为(7.77±0.07)%。
为研究热处理后,发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖生物活性稳定性的影响,参考韦珍等[16]方法,对粗多糖进行热处理。取质量浓度4 mg/mL粗多糖溶液20 mL置于试管中,分别于40、60、80、100 ℃的水浴锅保温3.5 h,每隔0.5 h取样,测定粗多糖溶液对ABTS+自由基清除率、α-淀粉酶抑制率和胆酸盐结合能力。
为研究酸处理后,发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖生物活性稳定性的影响,参考赵玲玲等[17]的方法,对粗多糖进行酸处理。采用不同pH的盐酸缓冲溶液配制多糖溶液(pH=1、2、3、4、5、6),常温下静置0.5 h后,测定粗多糖溶液对ABTS+自由基清除率、α-淀粉酶抑制率和胆酸盐结合能力。
为研究灭菌处理后,发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖生物活性稳定性的影响,参考赵广河等[18]方法,对粗多糖进行灭菌处理。采用不同灭菌条件(115 ℃,10 min;115 ℃,20 min;121 ℃,10 min;121 ℃,20 min;121 ℃,30 min)处理粗多糖溶液,这些条件模拟实际生产中常见的温度和时间组合,既能保证杀菌效果,又能减少对食品成分的破坏。灭菌冷却后,测定粗多糖溶液对ABTS+自由基清除率、α-淀粉酶抑制率和胆酸盐结合能力。
为研究极端环境对两种白扁豆花粗多糖分子量的影响,参考Tan等[19]方法,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法,使用高效凝胶渗透色谱串联柱测定热、酸及灭菌处理三种条件(100 ℃,3.5 h、pH=1、121 ℃,30 min)处理后的粗多糖分子量。采用配备示差折光检测器的Waters高效液相色谱系统,以聚合物基质水溶性SEC(GFC)色谱柱(8×300 mm)3根串联的凝胶色谱柱分离,流动相为0.05 mol/L NaCl溶液(可减少多糖分子间的静电作用,避免分子聚集,从而保证分离效果和结果准确性),流速0.65 mL/min,柱温维持在40 ℃(以降低溶液黏度并保持色谱柱性能稳定),进样量30 μL。以标准品(右旋糖酐Dextran)相对分子质量的对数值为纵坐标,以相应色谱峰的保留时间(T)为横坐标进行线性回归,得到lgMw-T(重均分子量)校正曲线:lgMw-T校正曲线方程:lg Mw=−0.1811T+11.0551,R2=0.9936。
为研究极端环境对两种白扁豆花粗多糖红外光谱特征的影响,选择热、酸及灭菌处理三种条件处理后(100 ℃, 3.5 h、pH=1、121 ℃,30 min)的粗多糖分别进行红外光谱测定,参考Ge等[20]方法,分别称取2 mg粗多糖,加入KBr粉末200 mg研磨均匀,压片(保证样品具有良好的透光性和分散性,从而获得清晰的吸收峰,且避免因样品量过多导致吸收峰畸变),使用FT-IR进行分析,波长范围4000~400 cm−1,扫描红外光谱图。
参考Zhou等[21]方法,测定粗多糖的ABTS+自由基清除率。取不同条件处理后的粗多糖溶液0.025 mL,加入0.25 mL ABTS工作液,迅速混匀,室温避光反应15 min。以蒸馏水替代粗多糖溶液作为空白对照组,PBS缓冲液代替ABTS工作液作为样品对照组,未作处理的粗多糖溶液作为阳性对照,未作处理的VC溶液检验数据的准确性。反应结束后,在734 nm波长下测定吸光度。ABTS+自由基清除率的计算方法如下:
$ {\text{ABTS}}^+\mathrm{自由基清除率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{2}-{\mathrm{A}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A0是蒸馏水和ABTS工作液的吸光度;A1是样品和PBS的吸光度;A2是样品和ABTS工作液的吸光度。
参考Yu等[22]方法,测定粗多糖的α-淀粉酶抑制率。不同条件处理后的粗多糖溶液和0.2 mL、1%淀粉溶液混合,40 ℃反应5 min,向混合溶液中加入0.2 mL α-淀粉酶溶液(0.5 mg/mL),40 ℃反应10 min,加入0.4 mL DNS,98 ℃反应3 min,冷却后记录混合溶液在540 nm处的吸光度,以未作处理的粗多糖溶液作为阳性对照。α-淀粉酶抑制率的计算公式如下:
$ \alpha \text{-}淀粉酶抑制率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{2}-{\text{A}}_{1}}{{\text{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A0是PBS、α-淀粉酶、淀粉和DNS的吸光度;A1是样品、PBS、淀粉和DNS的吸光度;A2是样品、α-淀粉酶、淀粉和DNS的吸光度。
参考Liu等[23]方法,测定粗多糖的胆酸盐结合能力。将不同条件处理后的粗多糖溶液与0.2 mL胃蛋白酶(10 mg/mL)、0.6 mL HCl(0.01 mol/L)混合,37 ℃振荡1 h(150 r/min),用NaOH调节pH至6.3,加入0.8 mL胰蛋白酶(10 mg/mL),37 ℃振荡1 h(150 r/min)。分别加入0.8 mL甘氨脱氧胆酸钠(0.4 mmol/L)和牛磺脱氧胆酸钠(0.5 mmol/L),37 ℃振荡1 h(150 r/min),离心10 min(8000 r/min),立即吸取1 mL上清液,加入3 mL 60% H2SO4,70 ℃水浴1 h,然后冰浴15 min。记录387 nm波长处的吸光度。分别用不同浓度的甘氨脱氧胆酸钠(0.03、0.06、0.12、0.18、0.24、0.3 mmol/L)和牛磺脱氧胆酸钠(0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25、0.3 mmol/L)制成标准溶液曲线,未作处理的粗多糖溶液作为阳性对照,根据标准曲线和下列公式计算样品溶液与两种胆酸盐的结合能力:
$ \mathrm{甘氨脱氧胆酸钠结合能力}(\text{%})=\left(\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{1}-{\mathrm{C}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{C}}_{1}}\right)\times 100 $
$ \mathrm{牛磺脱氧胆酸钠结合能力}(\text{%})=\left(\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{3}-{\mathrm{C}}_{4}}{{\mathrm{C}}_{3}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,C1为甘氨脱氧胆酸钠加入量,μmol;C2为甘氨脱氧胆酸钠剩余量,μmol;C3为牛磺脱氧胆酸钠加入量,μmol;C4为牛磺脱氧胆酸钠剩余量,μmol。
所有实验均进行三组平行,结果以平均值±标准差(SD)表示。所有统计结果均由IBM SPSS Statistics 26、Graphpad Prism 9.5软件得出。组间比较采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)或t检验(根据数据的分布情况),P<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。如果存在多重比较,则采用Bonferroni校正进行修正。使用Origin 2021软件绘制插图。
随处理时间的延长,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的分子量均呈下降趋势,且发酵后的粗多糖分子量显著低于发酵前(图1A,图1B,表1)。对于未发酵白扁豆花粗多糖,温度升高会增强白扁豆花粗多糖分子链的流动性,从而明显加快白扁豆花粗多糖与水分子之间氢键的断裂,进而在一定程度上影响白扁豆花粗多糖的构象稳定性[24]。当超过一定温度时,糖苷键容易发生断裂,导致粗多糖分子链降解,分子量降低[25]。发酵后的粗多糖分子量显著低于发酵前,表明发酵会促进粗多糖的部分降解或结构重排,导致其对热处理的耐受性降低,从而增强热降解的效果。
发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖在酸处理后,随处理时间的延长,其分子量均呈下降趋势,且发酵后的粗多糖分子量显著低于发酵前(图1C,图1D,表1)。对于未发酵白扁豆花粗多糖,酸处理后多糖的分子量显著降低,这与酸水解作用密切相关[26]。多糖分子中的糖苷键在酸性条件下会发生水解反应,随着水解度的增加,水解反应进行得越剧烈,多糖分子链断裂的程度越大,分子量也就随之下降[27]。发酵后的粗多糖发生了部分水解或结构变化,使其在酸处理下更容易降解。酸处理和发酵共同作用下,可能导致了粗多糖结构的进一步改变,从而影响了其稳定性和生物活性。
发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖在灭菌处理后,随处理时间的延长,其分子量均呈下降趋势,且发酵后的粗多糖分子量显著低于发酵前(图1E,图1F,表1)。未发酵白扁豆花粗多糖在灭菌过程会导致多糖结构解聚,多糖分子中的糖苷键等化学键在高温下稳定性降低,容易发生断裂[28],分子量骤降[29]。对于发酵白扁豆花粗多糖,高温灭菌激活了微生物细胞内的一些水解酶,如糖苷酶等,这些酶在细胞破裂后释放出来,使得多糖的糖苷键断裂,生成寡糖、单糖等小分子物质,导致多糖分子量下降[30]。
如图2,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的红外光谱图在热、酸及灭菌处理后均无明显差异,说明处理并没有破坏发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的主要结构。3435 cm−1附近的吸收峰,与O-H的伸缩振动有关,峰形较宽,这是由于羟基发生缔合[31]。2935 cm−1附近的特征峰代表较弱的C-H伸缩振动,包括CH、CH2、CH3的伸缩和弯曲振动[32]。1748 cm−1附近的特征峰,与酯化羰基C=O的伸缩振动有关[33]。1669 cm−1附近的特征峰,与羰基C=O的伸缩振动有关[34]。1443 cm−1附近的特征峰,是由于C-H的变角振动和C-H键伸缩振动构成了糖环的特征吸收[35]。1233 cm−1附近的特征峰,与S-O的不对称伸缩振动有关[36]。1104 cm−1、1019 cm−1附近的特征峰,与C-O-C和C-O-H键的伸缩振动有关,表明多糖中存在吡喃糖环。832 cm−1附近的特征峰,表明多糖存在α-型糖苷键[9]。
如图3所示,100 ℃加热3.5 h后,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对ABTS+自由基的清除率为91.71%±0.10%,优于发酵前86.23%±1.05%,与对照组相比,发酵前后在各温度下的清除率均显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明,发酵处理提高了白扁豆花粗多糖的抗氧化能力,与Shao等[37]关于发酵能够显著提高山药多糖的抗氧化活性的研究结果一致。在其他温度条件下,发酵后粗多糖的清除率也普遍高于发酵前,但100 ℃条件下的表现尤为突出(P<0.05)。高温加热与发酵处理之间可能存在协同效应,发酵通过改变多糖的结构特征(如分支度和羧基/羟基暴露)提升其反应活性位点的同时,高温加热又促使多糖适度降解并生成低分子量片段,从而共同增强自由基清除能力。此外,发酵结合热处理常导致多糖分子量下降,而低分子量多糖具有更强的自由基清除能力,这与Zhong等[38]关于分子结构与抗氧化活性之间关系的研究相符。因此,发酵白扁豆花粗多糖在热处理后表现更优的抗氧化稳定性,可能源于发酵与热处理协同促进的分子量降解及结构优化。
如图4所示,100 ℃加热3.5 h后,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制率为51.84%±1.28%,优于发酵前41.70%±2.65%,但与对照组相比,发酵前后在各温度下的抑制率均显著降低(P<0.05)。与发酵前相比,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖在不同温度下的抑制率变化趋势有所不同,发酵后的粗多糖在100 ℃加热3.5 h后抑制率明显升高,表现出更好的降血糖稳定性,说明发酵不仅改变了多糖的结构特性,还提升了其热适应性与功能表现。这与Xiang等[39]研究关于发酵能够显著提高茶多糖降血糖活性的研究结果一致。多糖降血糖活性受分子量与构象的适宜区间调控,不同分子量对α-淀粉酶的抑制效应存在差异[40]。多糖可通过静电相互作用与α-淀粉酶上带正电的氨基酸残基结合并诱导构象改变,从而抑制其活性[41]。此外,多糖经过热/发酵处理还可能导致α-淀粉酶的二级结构发生变化,刚性增强、柔性减弱[42],以及多糖与其他化合物(如黄酮类化合物)的协同作用[43]均可以增强对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果。因此,发酵白扁豆花粗多糖在热处理后表现更优的降血糖稳定性,可能源于发酵与热处理协同促进的构象调整及分子间作用力增强。
如图5所示,100 ℃加热3.5 h后,发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖对甘氨脱氧胆酸钠和牛磺脱氧胆酸钠的结合能力分别为65.35%±1.31%、62.78%±2.18%,优于发酵后44.17%±2.27%、52.79%±0.82%。与发酵前相比,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖100 ℃加热3.5 h后,对两种胆酸盐的结合能力均有所下降。多糖与胆酸盐的结合机制可能涉及疏水相互作用、静电相互作用以及流体动力学限制等因素。Wang等[44]研究表明低分子量多糖在降血脂方面具有更好的活性,经过热处理的发酵前后白扁豆花多糖发生了分子量的降解,这可能是其降血脂活性显著增强的主要原因。此外,多糖的体外结合能力与其表观黏度相关,胆固醇与多糖之间的高疏水相互作用可能是其稳定性增强的原因[45]。多糖凝胶的空间构型也可能提供一个有利于胆固醇与凝胶相互作用的环境,从而加速胆固醇的提取和结合[46]。因此,发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖在热处理后下表现出更优的降血脂稳定性,可能源于发酵和热处理共同促进的构象调整和分子间作用力的增强。
如图6,pH=1时,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对ABTS+自由基的清除率为48.20%±0.76%,优于发酵前38.22%±0.25%,且此条件下,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖对ABTS+自由基的清除率优于其他pH处理后的相应清除率。与对照组相比,各pH下发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖对ABTS+自由基清除率均降低。在pH1~6的范围内,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的清除率均趋于稳定,无显著波动,发酵后的粗多糖组分在同等pH条件下表现出更优的清除率,表明发酵提升了白扁豆花粗多糖的抗氧化能力,并增强了其在酸处理后的抗氧化稳定性。在强酸条件下,多糖易发生部分水解与构象调整,使其活性基团更易暴露,从而增强其清除自由基的能力[27]。同时,酸性环境下白扁豆花中的酚类和黄酮类等成分与多糖之间更易形成交联结构,进一步提升清除能力[47]。Liu等[12]研究表明微生物发酵能够通过酶的作用促进多糖结构的适度降解,使其更具活性,从而改善其在酸性环境中的抗氧化稳定性。Fernandes等[48]研究表明pH降低会调控多糖与酚类等活性成分的相互作用,显著提高自由基清除效率。已有研究表明,发酵不仅能够提高植物多糖的抗氧化活性,还能增强其在不同环境条件下的稳定性[49]。因此,发酵白扁豆花粗多糖在酸处理后表现出更优的抗氧化稳定性,可能与发酵及酸处理共同诱导的结构优化和作用模式调整有关。
如图7,pH=1时,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制率为63.16%±0.36%,优于发酵前55.69%±1.15%,且此条件下,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制率优于其他pH处理后的相应抑制率。与对照组相比,各pH下发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的抑制率均降低。在pH1~6的范围内,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的抑制率均趋于稳定,无显著波动,发酵后的粗多糖组分在同等pH条件下表现出更优的抑制率,表明发酵能够提升白扁豆花粗多糖的降血糖活性,并增强其在酸处理后的稳定性。研究表明,不同pH条件下,多糖的抑制效果可能受到其分子结构和环境条件的影响,发酵过程中产生的酚类物质可能对酶活性有显著影响[50]。在酸性条件下,某些多糖对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果显著,李奕葶等[51]分离纯化的酸性多糖对枯草芽孢杆菌来源的α-淀粉酶抑制率达到60.22%。Xiang等[39]研究发现发酵也能够提高茶叶多糖的降血糖活性。因此,发酵白扁豆花粗多糖在酸处理后仍能维持良好的降血糖稳定性,可能与发酵及酸处理共同引起的结构优化及活性成分作用增强密切相关。
如图8,pH=1时,发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖对甘氨脱氧胆酸钠和牛磺脱氧胆酸钠的结合能力分别为55.97%±1.96%、60.00%±0.82%,优于发酵后42.27%±1.96%、57.62%±1.43%,且此条件下,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖对两种胆酸盐的结合能力优于其他pH处理后的相应结合能力。与对照组相比,各pH下发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖对甘氨脱氧胆酸钠的结合能力显著上升(P<0.05),而发酵后既有显著上升(P<0.05)也有无显著变化(P>0.05);对于牛磺脱氧胆酸钠,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的结合能力均显著上升(P<0.05)。在pH1~6的范围内,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的结合能力均趋于稳定,无显著波动,且发酵前的粗多糖组分在同等pH条件下表现出更优的结合能力。Wang等[44]研究发现低分子量多糖具有更优的降血脂活性,经过pH=1处理的发酵前后白扁豆花多糖发生分子量降解,可能是其降血脂活性显著增强的主要原因。多糖的结合能力与其分子结构特性(如分子量)密切相关,研究表明,高分子量多糖由于其粘度大,对胆汁酸结合具有流体动力学限制作用,从而抑制其活性[52]。当pH=1时,白扁豆花粗多糖的分子量降解可能促进了其对两种胆酸盐的结合能力升高,这与Zheng等[53]研究发现超高压辅助提取的红毛藻多糖具有相对较高的降血脂能力是由于其低分子量一致。胆汁酸呈离子状态,不易形成结晶,但在可溶解的非离子状态下则更容易与多糖结合。此外,多糖的疏水结构和静电相互作用也会影响其与胆汁酸的结合能力[54]。因此,发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖在酸处理后表现出更强的降血脂稳定性,可能与发酵及酸处理共同引发的分子量降解和结构变化有关。
如图9,121 ℃,30 min灭菌处理后,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对ABTS+自由基的清除率为61.39%±0.29%,优于发酵前49.78%±0.44%,且此条件下,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖对ABTS+自由基的清除率优于其他灭菌条件处理后的相应清除率。与对照组相比,灭菌处理显著提高了发酵前粗多糖对ABTS+自由基的清除率(P<0.05),发酵后清除率的变化趋势在不同灭菌条件下存在差异。五种灭菌条件处理后,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的清除率均趋于稳定,无显著波动,发酵后的粗多糖组分在同等灭菌条件下表现出更优的清除率,表明发酵不仅提升了白扁豆花粗多糖的抗氧化能力,还增强了其在灭菌条件下的抗氧化稳定性。微生物在发酵过程中通过酶促作用及代谢产物改变了多糖结构并增强了抗氧化能力[12]。灭菌处理可能导致多糖适度去聚合或构象松弛,从而增加自由基反应位点的暴露[28]。此外,适度的高温高压可引发多糖链的有限去聚合与构象松弛,提升还原端与羟基等供氢/供电子基团的可及性,从而强化以电子转移/氢原子转移为主的ABTS+清除过程。因此,白扁豆花粗多糖在灭菌处理后表现出更强的抗氧化稳定性,可能与酶促降解、代谢产物作用及高温高压诱导的结构松弛共同引发的分子量下降和活性基团暴露有关。基于上述研究结果,并结合温度对抗氧化稳定性的影响,可以推断温度越高,越有助于促进白扁豆花粗多糖抗氧化潜能的充分发挥。
如图10,121 ℃,30 min灭菌处理后,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对α-淀粉酶抑制率为56.36%±1.51%,优于发酵前51.69%±1.55%,且此条件下,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对α-淀粉酶抑制率优于其他灭菌条件处理后的相应抑制率。与对照组相比,灭菌处理显著降低了发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖对α-淀粉酶抑制率(P<0.05)。五种灭菌条件处理后,发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的抑制率均趋于稳定,无显著波动,除121 ℃、20 min的灭菌条件外,其他条件下发酵后的粗多糖组分在同等灭菌条件下表现出更优的抑制率,表明发酵不仅增强了多糖的降血糖效果,还提高了其在灭菌处理后的稳定性[55]。然而,在121 ℃、20 min的灭菌条件下,发酵未能显著提高抑制率,表明灭菌处理对多糖活性的影响存在阈值效应[39]。因此,白扁豆花粗多糖在灭菌处理后表现出更强的降血糖稳定性,可能与发酵过程中多糖结构的优化、酶促降解作用以及灭菌处理下分子量的下降和活性位点的暴露共同作用有关。
如图11,121 ℃,30 min灭菌处理后,发酵后白扁豆花粗多糖对甘氨脱氧胆酸钠的结合能力为33.47%±2.92%,优于发酵前31.55%±2.92%;发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖对牛磺脱氧胆酸钠的结合能力为52.11%±0.81%,优于发酵后48.85%±1.40%。与对照组相比,灭菌处理降低了发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖对两种胆酸盐的结合能力,但发酵前后白扁豆花粗多糖的结合能力均趋于稳定。发酵前的多糖组分在大部分相同灭菌条件下展现出更高的结合能力,表明发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖在灭菌处理后具有更高的降血脂稳定性。Wang等[44]研究发现低分子量多糖具有更优的降血脂活性。并且发酵过程可能通过促进多糖分子的降解和结构改变,进一步提高其在降血脂方面的效果。因此,发酵前白扁豆花粗多糖在灭菌处理后表现出更强的降血脂稳定性,可能与发酵及灭菌处理共同引发的分子量降解和结构变化有关。
本研究以白扁豆花粗多糖为研究对象,分析了发酵对白扁豆花粗多糖结构及生物活性稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,发酵降低了粗多糖在热、酸和灭菌处理后的分子量,但其主要结构特征未发生显著变化。在生物活性方面,发酵提高了白扁豆花粗多糖的抗氧化及降血糖活性,降低了降血脂活性。与已有研究相比,本研究进一步证实了发酵过程对粗多糖生物活性的不同影响,尤其是在抗氧化和降血糖方面的稳定性表现较好,表明在复杂加工环境下,白扁豆花粗多糖仍能保持其功能特性。然而,降血脂活性的降低提示,在开发白扁豆花降血脂功能食品时,需综合考虑不同加工条件对粗多糖生物活性的潜在影响。因此,选择适宜的加工方式对保持其活性和确保最终产品的功效与安全性至关重要。本研究为白扁豆花粗多糖在抗氧化及降血糖功能食品的开发提供了重要的理论依据,尤其是在面对复杂加工工艺时,其生物活性能够得到一定程度的保障。未来的研究应进一步探索白扁豆花粗多糖在不同环境条件下的生物活性稳定性,特别是其在其他加工工艺中的表现。此外,后续研究将采用细胞和动物模型,系统地深入研究白扁豆花粗多糖的抗氧化、降血糖及降血脂活性,以进一步确定其最佳热稳定性、酸稳定性以及高温高压稳定性。这将有助于推动白扁豆花粗多糖在功能食品中的应用,并为相关行业提供更具实用性的技术支持。

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2026年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070041
  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
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    1江汉大学生命科学学院,药食同源特色资源综合利用创新中心,湖北武汉 430056
    2湖北省豆类(蔬菜)植物工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉 430056
    3湖北省健康代糖产品企校联合创新中心,湖北武汉 430056

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王红波(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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