Article(id=1320881235392573553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852227303, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852227303, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852227303, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852227303, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=260, endPage=269, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881235589705842, articleId=1320881235392573553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Regulation of Environmental Factors and Functional Activity of Efficient MAAs Biosynthesis in Undaria pinnatifida Gametophytes, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To establish a sustainable vegetative propagation system for U. pinnatifida gametophytes and enhance mycosporine–likeamino acids (MAAs) accumulation, this study systematically investigated the effects of key culture conditions—such as light quality, light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, and nutrient availability—on gametophyte growth and MAAs accumulation using a combination of single-factor and uniform design experiments. The antioxidant activity of MAAs extract was evaluated in vitro via DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays, while their anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in vivo using a zebrafish inflammation model. Results indicated that culture conditions significantly affected both gametophyte growth and MAAs content. Optimal conditions—red light, 20 ℃, a light intensity of 32 μmol·m−2·s−1, and a 12L:12D photoperiod—yielded the highest relative growth rate (6.41%±0.11%) and MAAs content (327.19±1.59 mg/g). UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the characteristic absorption profiles of MAAs in the extracts. The MAAs extract exhibited IC50 values of 12.04 and 10.34 mg/mL against DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, respectively. Furthermore, at 100 μg/mL, the extract reduced macrophage aggregation in zebrafish by 52.31%, demonstrating a clear dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect. In summary, this work identifies optimal culture conditions for enhancing both gametophyte growth and MAAs production, and confirms that gametophyte-derived MAAs possess moderate antioxidant and notable anti-inflammatory activities, thereby providing a theoretical and experimental foundation for their efficient biosynthesis and potential application.

, authors=Yingying SUN1, 2, 3, Mengjiao YANG1, Zhen CHEN1, Mingxuan PAN4, Xue JIAO4, Xinran WANG1, Yadong HU4, Xin WEI1, *, authorsList=Yingying SUN, Mengjiao YANG, Zhen CHEN, Mingxuan PAN, Xue JIAO, Xinran WANG, Yadong HU, Xin WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881236873162878, articleId=1320881235392573553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=裙带菜配子体类菌胞素氨基酸高效生物合成的环境因子调控与功能活性分析, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为构建裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体的营养增殖体系并实现类菌孢素氨基酸(Mycosporine–like amino acids,MAAs)的高效积累,本研究采用单因素实验结合均匀设计,系统分析了光质、光照强度、光周期、温度、营养盐等培养条件对配子体生长及其MAAs积累的影响。通过DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除实验,以及斑马鱼炎症模型,进一步评估了配子体中MAAs的体外抗氧化和体内抗炎活性。结果表明,不同培养条件对配子体生长及其MAAs含量具有显著影响。其中,在红光、20 ℃、32 μmol·m−2·s−1光照强度及12L:12D光周期下,配子体相对生长率和MAAs含量分别达到最高值6.41%±0.11%和327.19±1.59 mg/g。紫外-可见光谱分析显示提取物具有典型MAAs的吸收特征。活性评价结果显示,配子体MAAs提取物对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的半数清除浓度(IC50)分别为12.04和10.34 mg/mL;在100 μg/mL浓度下,其对斑马鱼巨噬细胞聚集的抑制率达52.31%,且呈剂量依赖性增强趋势。综上,本研究确定了裙带菜配子体生长及其MAAs积累的最适培养条件,验证了其MAAs具有中等水平的抗氧化能力和较强的抗炎潜力,为实现裙带菜配子体MAAs的高效生物制备提供了理论依据和实验基础。

, authors=孙颖颖1, 2, 3, 杨梦娇1, 陈真1, 潘明轩4, 焦学4, 王欣冉1, 胡亚东4, 韦欣1, *, authorsList=孙颖颖, 杨梦娇, 陈真, 潘明轩, 焦学, 王欣冉, 胡亚东, 韦欣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韦欣, authorNote=

孙颖颖(1978−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:海洋生物提取与分离工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
韦欣(1995−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:海洋生物提取与分离工程,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=7yTJSKZA6QLhhhR0tgnhFg==, magXml=aLYPdLUMu+T8CxHvjPWttw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0J50ahASzD3DhNwWczglbA==, pdfFileSize=2866025, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3kd5cwa1B89v+8h8w1yi1g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vJPQlFBYgbnm/txWcbD+qA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320881777963544681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=syy-999@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320881778047430765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, authorId=1320881777963544681, language=EN, stringName=Yingying SUN, firstName=Yingying, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Blue Biotechnology, 2025, 2(1): 2., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881791834108134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN Y V, WESTCOTT N D, HU Chun, et al. Mycosporine-like amino acid composition of the edible red Alga, Palmaria palmata(dulse) harvested from the west and east coasts of Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick[J]. 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注:数据以均值±标准差表示。图中不同小写字母代表组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=GviBlUHXfBLioJK0+rbJZQ==, figureFileBig=3kd5cwa1B89v+8h8w1yi1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881782640193694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of initial nitrogen source concentration (A) and phosphorus source concentration (B) on relative growth rate and MAAs content of U. pinnatifida gametophytes, figureFileSmall=vfcDc6+kH0fsHeUt3vbIgQ==, figureFileBig=SX9GSzdTmb3qWEOhHimKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881782736662687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=图2, caption=初始氮源浓度(A)和磷源浓度(B)对裙带菜配子体相对生长率与MAAs含量的影响, figureFileSmall=vfcDc6+kH0fsHeUt3vbIgQ==, figureFileBig=SX9GSzdTmb3qWEOhHimKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881782816354464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Detection of MAAs extracts by thin-layer chromatography (A), UV spectral scanning (B) and HPLC (C), figureFileSmall=hV+h/XOaWtqDFFWzYyCpug==, figureFileBig=QDVE52iLicXl1mLmO7Hw7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881782904434849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MAAs提取物的薄层层析(A)、紫外光谱扫描(B)和HPLC(C)检测, figureFileSmall=hV+h/XOaWtqDFFWzYyCpug==, figureFileBig=QDVE52iLicXl1mLmO7Hw7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881782984126626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Scavenging rates of MAAs extracts on DPPH radicals (A) and ABTS+ radicals (B), figureFileSmall=Yqqhg3agoIz7TUeCWTN4bQ==, figureFileBig=TV6P0pzsBpjStwSTTyfLbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881784624099491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MAAs提取物对DPPH自由基(A)和ABTS+自由基(B)的清除率, figureFileSmall=Yqqhg3agoIz7TUeCWTN4bQ==, figureFileBig=TV6P0pzsBpjStwSTTyfLbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881784687014052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Intervention effect of MAAs extracts on zebrafish inflammation model (fluorescently labeled inflammatory regions), figureFileSmall=OKPOq2/3HmH82U/PExBCzw==, figureFileBig=hzLaXDLaHcgNEOhriDL7PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881784779288741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MAAs提取物对斑马鱼炎症模型的干预效果(荧光标记炎症区域)

注:Ctl组(空白对照)荧光信号弱且分布少,无异常炎症反应;Model组(炎症模型)荧光显著增强,集中于标记区域,表明炎症部位存在大量炎症相关荧光物质;Indo(阳性对照)组荧光较Model组减弱,证实抗炎处理的有效性。

, figureFileSmall=OKPOq2/3HmH82U/PExBCzw==, figureFileBig=hzLaXDLaHcgNEOhriDL7PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881784854786214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of single factor tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
12345
光质白光红光(620~
750 nm)
黄光(570~
590 nm)
蓝光(450~
476 nm)
绿光(495~
570 nm)
光照强度
(μmol·m−2·s−1)
2024303236
光周期(L/D)10:1412:1214:1016:818:6
温度(℃)1416182022
初始NO3−
浓度(mg/L)
11374475150
初始PO43−
浓度(mg/L)
123.5510
), ArticleFig(id=1320881784934477991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

单因素实验因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素水平
12345
光质白光红光(620~
750 nm)
黄光(570~
590 nm)
蓝光(450~
476 nm)
绿光(495~
570 nm)
光照强度
(μmol·m−2·s−1)
2024303236
光周期(L/D)10:1412:1214:1016:818:6
温度(℃)1416182022
初始NO3−
浓度(mg/L)
11374475150
初始PO43−
浓度(mg/L)
123.5510
), ArticleFig(id=1320881785018364072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Uniform experimental design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号因素
A光质B温度(℃)C光照强度(μmol·m−2·s−1)
11(白光)2(16)5(36)
22(红光)4(20)4(32)
33(黄光)1(14)3(30)
44(蓝光)3(18)2(24)
55(绿光)5(22)1(20)
), ArticleFig(id=1320881785123221673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

均匀试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号因素
A光质B温度(℃)C光照强度(μmol·m−2·s−1)
11(白光)2(16)5(36)
22(红光)4(20)4(32)
33(黄光)1(14)3(30)
44(蓝光)3(18)2(24)
55(绿光)5(22)1(20)
), ArticleFig(id=1320881785194524842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Uniform experimental results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号因素MAAs含量
(mg/g)
相对生长率
(%)
A光质B温度
(℃)
C光照强度
(μmol·m−2·s−1)
11(白光)2(16)5(36)211.59±7.54−2.49±0.93
22(红光)4(20)4(32)321.99±13.346.20±1.53
33(黄光)1(14)3(30)231.44±12.171.18±0.84
44(蓝光)3(18)2(24)232.69±10.782.67±0.92
55(绿光)5(22)1(20)168.88±12.14−1.73±0.89
), ArticleFig(id=1320881785286799531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

均匀试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号因素MAAs含量
(mg/g)
相对生长率
(%)
A光质B温度
(℃)
C光照强度
(μmol·m−2·s−1)
11(白光)2(16)5(36)211.59±7.54−2.49±0.93
22(红光)4(20)4(32)321.99±13.346.20±1.53
33(黄光)1(14)3(30)231.44±12.171.18±0.84
44(蓝光)3(18)2(24)232.69±10.782.67±0.92
55(绿光)5(22)1(20)168.88±12.14−1.73±0.89
), ArticleFig(id=1320881785366491308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of MAAs extracts on the number of macrophages around neuromasts in zebrafish inflammation model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别浓度(μmol/L)神经丘周围巨噬
细胞个数
抑制率(%)
空白对照组−1.33±0.42−
CuSO4模型组2029.00±0.58##−
吲哚美辛组207.17±0.87***75.28±3.00***
MAAs提取物组2525.33±1.2312.66±4.24
MAAs提取物组5017.50±1.15**39.66±3.96**
MAAs提取物组10013.83±1.35**52.31±4.65**
), ArticleFig(id=1320881785446183085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881235392573553, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

MAAs提取物对斑马鱼炎症模型神经丘周围巨噬细胞数量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别浓度(μmol/L)神经丘周围巨噬
细胞个数
抑制率(%)
空白对照组−1.33±0.42−
CuSO4模型组2029.00±0.58##−
吲哚美辛组207.17±0.87***75.28±3.00***
MAAs提取物组2525.33±1.2312.66±4.24
MAAs提取物组5017.50±1.15**39.66±3.96**
MAAs提取物组10013.83±1.35**52.31±4.65**
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裙带菜配子体类菌胞素氨基酸高效生物合成的环境因子调控与功能活性分析
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孙颖颖 1, 2, 3 , 杨梦娇 1 , 陈真 1 , 潘明轩 4 , 焦学 4 , 王欣冉 1 , 胡亚东 4 , 韦欣 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(16): 260-269
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (16) : 260 -269
裙带菜配子体类菌胞素氨基酸高效生物合成的环境因子调控与功能活性分析
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孙颖颖1, 2, 3 , 杨梦娇1, 陈真1, 潘明轩4, 焦学4, 王欣冉1, 胡亚东4, 韦欣1, *
作者信息
  • 1江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室,江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港 222005
  • 2江苏省海洋生物产业技术协同创新中心,江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港 222005
  • 3江苏省海洋种质资源与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港 222005
  • 4江苏省沿海开发投资有限公司,江苏南京 210000
通讯作者:
韦欣(1995−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:海洋生物提取与分离工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孙颖颖(1978−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:海洋生物提取与分离工程,E-mail:

Regulation of Environmental Factors and Functional Activity of Efficient MAAs Biosynthesis in Undaria pinnatifida Gametophytes
Yingying SUN1, 2, 3 , Mengjiao YANG1, Zhen CHEN1, Mingxuan PAN4, Xue JIAO4, Xinran WANG1, Yadong HU4, Xin WEI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
  • 2Co-innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005, China
  • 3Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
  • 4Jiangsu Coastal Development Investment Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070037
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为构建裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体的营养增殖体系并实现类菌孢素氨基酸(Mycosporine–like amino acids,MAAs)的高效积累,本研究采用单因素实验结合均匀设计,系统分析了光质、光照强度、光周期、温度、营养盐等培养条件对配子体生长及其MAAs积累的影响。通过DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除实验,以及斑马鱼炎症模型,进一步评估了配子体中MAAs的体外抗氧化和体内抗炎活性。结果表明,不同培养条件对配子体生长及其MAAs含量具有显著影响。其中,在红光、20 ℃、32 μmol·m−2·s−1光照强度及12L:12D光周期下,配子体相对生长率和MAAs含量分别达到最高值6.41%±0.11%和327.19±1.59 mg/g。紫外-可见光谱分析显示提取物具有典型MAAs的吸收特征。活性评价结果显示,配子体MAAs提取物对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的半数清除浓度(IC50)分别为12.04和10.34 mg/mL;在100 μg/mL浓度下,其对斑马鱼巨噬细胞聚集的抑制率达52.31%,且呈剂量依赖性增强趋势。综上,本研究确定了裙带菜配子体生长及其MAAs积累的最适培养条件,验证了其MAAs具有中等水平的抗氧化能力和较强的抗炎潜力,为实现裙带菜配子体MAAs的高效生物制备提供了理论依据和实验基础。

裙带菜  /  配子体  /  类菌孢素氨基酸  /  抗氧化  /  抗炎

To establish a sustainable vegetative propagation system for U. pinnatifida gametophytes and enhance mycosporine–likeamino acids (MAAs) accumulation, this study systematically investigated the effects of key culture conditions—such as light quality, light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, and nutrient availability—on gametophyte growth and MAAs accumulation using a combination of single-factor and uniform design experiments. The antioxidant activity of MAAs extract was evaluated in vitro via DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays, while their anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in vivo using a zebrafish inflammation model. Results indicated that culture conditions significantly affected both gametophyte growth and MAAs content. Optimal conditions—red light, 20 ℃, a light intensity of 32 μmol·m−2·s−1, and a 12L:12D photoperiod—yielded the highest relative growth rate (6.41%±0.11%) and MAAs content (327.19±1.59 mg/g). UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the characteristic absorption profiles of MAAs in the extracts. The MAAs extract exhibited IC50 values of 12.04 and 10.34 mg/mL against DPPH and ABTS+ radicals, respectively. Furthermore, at 100 μg/mL, the extract reduced macrophage aggregation in zebrafish by 52.31%, demonstrating a clear dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect. In summary, this work identifies optimal culture conditions for enhancing both gametophyte growth and MAAs production, and confirms that gametophyte-derived MAAs possess moderate antioxidant and notable anti-inflammatory activities, thereby providing a theoretical and experimental foundation for their efficient biosynthesis and potential application.

Undaria pinnatifida  /  gametophyte  /  mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)  /  antioxidant activity  /  anti-inflammatory
孙颖颖, 杨梦娇, 陈真, 潘明轩, 焦学, 王欣冉, 胡亚东, 韦欣. 裙带菜配子体类菌胞素氨基酸高效生物合成的环境因子调控与功能活性分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 260 -269 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070037
Yingying SUN, Mengjiao YANG, Zhen CHEN, Mingxuan PAN, Xue JIAO, Xinran WANG, Yadong HU, Xin WEI. Regulation of Environmental Factors and Functional Activity of Efficient MAAs Biosynthesis in Undaria pinnatifida Gametophytes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 260 -269 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070037
裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)隶属于色藻界(Chromista)、不等鞭毛门(Heterokontophyta),是西北太平洋沿岸广泛分布的重要经济型大型褐藻之一。作为全球最大的裙带菜生产国,我国在山东、辽宁、福建等沿海省份已形成规模化的裙带菜养殖产业链。根据《中国渔业统计年鉴(2024)》[1],2023年我国裙带菜年产量超过20万吨,产值突破50亿元人民币,显示出强劲的产业增长潜力。裙带菜不仅是人类膳食的重要海洋蔬菜来源,也因其富含多种活性成分,如多糖[2]、多酚[3]、蛋白质[4]以及类菌孢素氨基酸(mycosporine-like amino acids,MAAs)[5],被广泛应用于水产饲料、功能性食品、保健品、化妆品及医药原料等多个领域,具有较高的经济价值和广阔的综合开发前景。
裙带菜具有孢子体与配子体异型世代交替的生活史,尤其是配子体在实验室条件下能够通过营养方式持续增殖,维持较高的细胞活性而不进入性别分化阶段,这一特性使其不仅成为藻类种质资源长期保存的理想材料,也被广泛用于藻类细胞工程育苗及新品种创制[6−7]。相比孢子体,配子体生长周期短、生物量积累快,对外界环境响应敏感,因而具备作为功能活性物质生产载体的潜力。近年来,我国在裙带菜人工育苗、遗传育种等方面取得显著进展,如显著提高幼苗成活率、单位面积产量以及抗高温、抗病等性状的改良[8−9]。然而,现有研究多聚焦于温度、光照强度、氮源形态、光周期等因素对配子体形态建成与生物量增长的影响[7],而关于配子体在不同环境条件下活性物质(如MAAs)合成能力的研究仍较为匮乏。
MAAs是一类广泛存在于海洋藻类和浮游生物中的低分子量天然水溶性紫外线吸收化合物,具有独特的吸光性能(最大吸收波长为310~360 nm)和优异的生理活性,包括抗紫外、抗氧化和抗炎等功能[10−13],近年来被视为天然防晒剂及抗老化功能原料,在医药和护肤品领域显示出巨大的市场潜力。裙带菜虽为褐藻,但其MAAs含量在同类藻类中相对较高[5,14],虽略低于某些红藻(如紫菜,其MAAs含量可达2~5 mg/g干重)[14],但因其特有的稀有MAA成分具备独特结构与活性,使裙带菜在功能性成分的提取与高值化利用中具有不可替代性。近年来,有研究发现裙带菜配子体在合适光照及营养条件下可诱导MAAs富集,显示出利用配子体进行MAAs生物制备的良好可行性,为藻类资源的功能拓展提供了新方向。
基于上述背景,本文以裙带菜配子体为研究对象,系统探究光质、光照强度、光周期、温度、营养盐等培养条件对其生长特性及MAAs积累水平的影响,旨在明确影响配子体营养增殖及MAAs合成的关键环境因子。进一步,通过体外自由基清除实验与斑马鱼炎症模型评价其MAAs的抗氧化与抗炎活性。本研究致力于构建高效的裙带菜配子体营养增殖与MAAs积累体系,不仅为MAAs的绿色高值制备提供技术支撑,也为揭示裙带菜应对环境胁迫的生理生态机制提供理论依据。
裙带菜配子体 购自中国科学院海洋研究所,并保存在f/2培养基[15]中;本研究所用的斑马鱼品系为携带巨噬细胞荧光标记基因(EGFP)的Tg:zlyz-EGFP转基因斑马鱼 由山东省科学院生物研究所斑马鱼药物筛选平台提供,用于评估裙带菜配子体MAAs提取物的体内抗炎活性;斑马鱼培养水:1 mmol/L硫酸镁、0.5 mmol/L氯化钾、15 mmol/L氯化钠、0.05 mmol/L磷酸铵、0.15 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾、0.7 mmol/L碳酸氢钠和1 mmol/L氯化钙。
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实验开始前,在超净工作台中使用无菌人工海水对裙带菜配子体进行冲洗,以去除杂质。随后,将配子体置于经过消毒处理的破碎装置中切割成150~200 μm的藻段。所得藻段转移至已灭菌的锥形瓶中,在充气条件下进行为期6 d的预培养,所用培养基为标准f/2培养基或根据实验设定配制的改良培养基。培养条件为温度18 ℃、光照强度30 μmol·m−2·s−1、光周期12L:12D。正式实验前,将预培养藻段经离心处理后用于接种。所用天然海水(盐度约为33‰)经0.22 μm聚四氟乙烯膜过滤后,装入聚碳酸酯瓶中,在121 ℃高压灭菌20 min,冷却备用。
本研究系统分析光照(光质、光照强度及光周期)、温度、营养盐(氮盐与磷盐)等培养条件对裙带菜配子体相对生长率及其MAAs含量的影响。各因素的设定水平见表1。配子体初始接种密度为2 g/500 mL(藻鲜重/培养基体积),总培养周期为16 d,每4 d更换一次培养液,培养方法同1.2.1节所述。在营养盐(氮磷)处理实验中,根据设定浓度对f/2培养基中的NO3−和PO43−进行调整。每次更换培养液时,均需重新配制与对应实验组设定浓度一致的新培养基,以确保氮磷营养水平在整个培养周期内保持稳定。
为进一步明确主要环境因子对裙带菜配子体生长及MAAs积累的综合影响,本研究选用均匀设计表U5(53),选取第1、2、3列作为试验因素,分别对应光质(A)、温度(B)与光照强度(C),开展三因素五水平的均匀设计试验。具体试验水平设置详见表2。试验过程中,培养液初始NO3−浓度设定为150 mg/L,PO43-浓度设定为10 mg/L,光周期统一设定为12L:12D。其他培养条件同1.2.1节所述。通过对配子体相对生长率及MAAs含量的测定,分析各因子及其组合对裙带菜配子体营养增殖及MAAs积累的影响,为优化培养条件提供理论依据。
配子体在培养结束后用80目尼龙滤网过滤,用一次性镊子将配子体挑出并用无菌吸水纸吸掉多余水分后,称量配子体质量。根据以下公式计算相对生长率 (Relative growth rate,RGR)[16]:
$\rm R G R(\text{%})=\ln (W t / W o) / t \times 100 $
式中:Wo为藻体初始鲜重(g);Wt为试验结束后藻体鲜重(g);t为培养天数(d)。
取1.00 g裙带菜配子体干粉,加入25 mL体积分数为25%的甲醇水溶液,密封后置于恒温摇床中,在45 ℃条件下振荡提取2 h,转速设定为1800 r/min。提取结束后,溶液冷却至室温,随后在10000 r/min条件下离心20 min,收集上清液。将滤渣加入相同体积的25%甲醇水溶液,重复上述提取过程两次,合并所有上清液。合并后的上清液在45 ℃条件下进行减压浓缩,获得浓缩液。按体积比4:1向浓缩液中加入无水乙醇,置于−20 ℃静置6 h后离心分离。收集上清液并进行冷冻干燥,得到MAAs提取物并称重。MAAs含量按照以下公式[14]进行计算:
$ \rm{W}(\text{mg/g})=m/M $
式中:W为MAAs含量(mg/g);m为MAAs提取物质量(mg);M为配子体干粉末质量(g)。
采用前期研究建立的薄层层析方法对MAAs提取物进行初步分离鉴定[15]。取0.010 g MAAs提取物,溶解于2 mL蒸馏水中,点样于硅胶G板上。展开剂为甲醇:无水乙醇:蒸馏水=8:10:0.5(体积比),显色剂为碘化铋钾溶液。待展开干燥后,通过观察Rf值及显色特征判断MAAs的存在。将MAAs提取物溶液经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后,进行紫外-可见光谱扫描分析。高效液相色谱分析使用C18反相色谱柱(5 μm,4.6 mm×150 mm),柱温设定为25 ℃,进样体积为10 μL。流动相A为0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液,流动相B为甲醇,梯度洗脱程序为0~20 min内B从10%线性升至70%[17],流速为0.8 mL/min。检测波长为330 nm。
为评价裙带菜配子体MAAs提取物的体外抗氧化活性,采用DPPH自由基清除实验测定其清除能力。分别配制MAAs提取物质量浓度为1、2、4、6、8、10 mg/mL的溶液,逐一取样加入100 μL 0.2 mmol/L DPPH甲醇溶液中,充分混匀后置于室温避光条件下静置30 min。以不同浓度的维生素C溶液为对照,反应结束后测定混合溶液在517 nm处的吸光度(OD517),并按照以下公式计算DPPH自由基清除率:
$ \text{DPPH自由基清除率}( \text{%} ) =\left[1-\left({\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}\right)/{\mathrm{A}}_{0}\right]\times 100 $
式中:A1为MAAs和DPPH自由基溶液混合物的OD517;A2为MAAs和蒸馏水的混合物OD517;A0为DPPH自由基溶液和蒸馏水混合物的OD517。
采用ABTS+自由基清除实验测定MAAs提取物的体外抗氧化能力。取0.010 g MAAs提取物溶解于1 mL蒸馏水中,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤除杂。反应体系中,将100 μL ABTS工作液与100 μL MAAs提取物溶液混合,充分振荡后于室温避光条件下静置10 min。以不同浓度的维生素C溶液为对照,反应结束后,测定混合溶液在734 nm处的吸光度(OD734),并按照以下公式计算ABTS+自由基清除率:
$ {\text{ABTS}}^+\text{自由基清除率}( \text{%} ) =\left[1-\left({\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}\right)/{\mathrm{A}}_{0}\right]\times 100 $
式中:A1为MAAs和ABTS溶液混合物OD734;A2为MAAs和蒸馏水混合物OD734;A0为ABTS溶液和蒸馏水混合物OD734。
MAAs提取物对DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除能力均以IC50值表示,即提取物使自由基清除率达到50%时所对应的浓度。IC50值越小,表明其抗氧化能力越强。
本研究选用携带绿色荧光标记巨噬细胞的转基因斑马鱼品系Tg(zlyz:EGFP),通过体视显微镜选取发育至72 hpf(小时受精后)的健康幼鱼作为实验对象[18]。随机分组后,将幼鱼转移至24孔培养板,每孔放置10尾,每次每组两个重复孔。每孔培养体系总体积为2 mL,由标准斑马鱼培养液及相应浓度的待测溶液组成。实验设置如下分组:空白对照组(仅含斑马鱼培养水)、模型组(含20 μmol/L CuSO4)、阳性对照组(含20 μmol/L吲哚美辛)以及样品组(25 μg/mL、50 μg/mL、100 μg/mL的MAAs分离物溶液)。实验采用标准化斑马鱼炎症模型评价体系。在将待测样品及阳性对照药物加入24孔板后,于28 ℃恒温培养箱中预孵育2 h。随后加入20 μmol/L CuSO4 溶液诱导急性炎症反应,继续避光孵育1 h。根据标准化评价体系规程,暴露时间在24 h及以内不需要更换溶液。采用荧光显微成像技术,以双眼对齐为定位标准,定量分析巨噬细胞向体侧侧线神经丘区域的迁移情况。样品对斑马鱼炎症反应的抑制率以神经丘周围的巨噬细胞数量的减少量表示,计算公式如下:
$ \text{炎症反应抑制率}( \text{%} ) =\left[\left({\mathrm{C}}_{1}-{\mathrm{C}}_{0}\right)/{\mathrm{C}}_{0}\right]\times 100 $
式中,C1表示样品组的巨噬细胞个数;C0表示硫酸铜处理组的巨噬细胞个数。
每个样品均设3个平行重复,实验数据以“平均值±标准差”表示,采用SPSS 14.0软件进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),采用LSD法进行事后多重比较。P<0.05被认为差异具有统计学意义。图表绘制使用GraphPad Prism 10和OriginPro 2021完成,以直观展示实验结果的差异性与趋势。
在本研究中,不同光质、光照强度和光周期均对裙带菜配子体的生长和MAAs合成产生了显著影响。如图1A所示,不同光质对裙带菜配子体的相对生长率和MAAs含量均产生影响。在所有光质处理中,白光组的配子体相对生长率最高,达3.75%,分别为蓝光组和黄光组的1.52倍和1.27倍。相比之下,红光组的生长最弱,相对生长率仅为2.07%±0.15%。在MAAs含量方面,黄光组表现最优,达到242.9 mg/g,显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理组;其次为蓝光组(214.8 mg/g),红光组的MAAs含量最低,仅为137.5 mg/g,提示不同波长光信号可能在调控配子体生长和次生代谢途径中发挥差异化作用。在光照强度方面,本研究结果显示,裙带菜配子体在24~32 μmol·m−2·s−1下生长与MAAs合成都达到较高水平,而当光强增加至36 μmol·m−2·s−1时,出现明显下降(图1B)。这与其他藻类的研究结果具有一致性。例如,礁膜配子体在低光(5~30 μmol·m−2·s−1)条件下能维持生长,而在60~90 μmol·m−2·s−1时生长显著增强,但当光强进一步升高至120 μmol·m−2·s−1时则出现光抑制现象[19]。类似的趋势也在多肋藻配子体[20]和笼目海带配子体[21]中被观察到。相比之下,本研究中裙带菜配子体在低光下保持了一定的相对生长率,显示其具备一定的耐低光特性,但在高光下MAAs含量下降,提示其光适应能力可能弱于典型的高光适应型藻类。
光周期实验结果进一步揭示了适度延长光照时间有利于促进裙带菜配子体的生长与MAAs合成,而过长的光周期则会产生抑制作用。这一趋势与多肋藻配子体[20]和笼目海带配子体[21]的研究结果相似。在这些藻类中,中等长度光周期有利于配子体的正常发育和生殖生长,而当光周期延长至20L:4D时,尽管部分种类的孢子体发育率较高,但也存在能量消耗过度、抑制配子体营养生长的情况。与之对比,本研究发现裙带菜在12L:12D、14L:10D和16L:8D等中等长度光周期条件下表现最优,而18L:6D下配子体生长率下降,说明其对光周期的最优需求与其他褐藻存在一定差异,可能与其生活史特征及能量分配策略有关。此外,研究表明在高光和高温条件下,裙带菜配子体会出现负增长[22],这与本研究中高光及过长光周期导致生长受抑的现象相呼应。
图1D进一步揭示了温度对裙带菜配子体生长和MAAs积累的双重调控效应。在20~22 ℃范围内,配子体相对生长率显著(P<0.05)高于14 ℃和16 ℃处理组,其中20 ℃处理组生长率约为低温处理组的1.5倍。与之相反,MAAs含量在较低温度条件下更易积累,其中16 ℃处理组MAAs含量最高(265.13 mg/g),14 ℃次之。结果表明,较高温度有利于裙带菜配子体的营养生长,而较低温度则更适合MAAs的合成与积累,这体现了生长与次生代谢之间的能量分配差异。
类似的温度调控作用在其他大型藻类研究中也有所报道。例如,礁膜配子体在15~25 ℃区间内表现出较快的生长,而低于15 ℃则出现明显抑制,高于25 ℃则趋于成熟放散[19],表明温度的适宜范围对其生长和生殖具有决定性作用。同样地,裙带菜配子体在27 ℃下出现负增长,而在21~24 ℃条件下生长最佳[22],这与本研究20~22 ℃的结果基本一致,说明裙带菜配子体普遍对中等温度具有较好的适应性。
然而,不同研究之间也存在一定差异。例如,钱瑞等[23]发现裙带菜雌配子体在16 ℃下表现最佳,而本研究则表明20 ℃更有利于生长,这可能与实验中光强及光周期条件的不同有关,也可能反映了地理种群的差异。对萱藻配子体的相关研究也显示,大连与温州两地的萱藻幼配子体在最适温度上存在差异,分别为12 ℃和14 ℃[24],这进一步说明不同种群的适应性可能受到地理环境与进化背景的影响。在6~20 ℃范围内萱藻均能萌发,但不同温度下幼苗发育形态差异明显,较低温度更有利于形态发育的正常进行[25]。这些结果表明,温度不仅直接决定藻体的生长速率,还影响其代谢分配和生活史进程。
如图2A所示,配子体相对生长率随初始NO3-浓度的升高呈现上升趋势。在初始NO3-浓度为150 mg/L(高氮处理)时,配子体相对生长率达到4.20%,显著(P<0.05)高于其他处理组。而其他处理组的相对生长率较低。这一结果表明,裙带菜配子体在中低氮水平下存在一定的耐受性,而在较高氮水平下则被促进。值得注意的是,与生长趋势不同,初始NO3-浓度对MAAs含量的调控表现为“低氮促进效应”。在11~44 mg/L范围内,配子体的MAAs含量显著高于中高氮处理组,提示氮限制条件下,藻体可能会增强次生代谢途径以应对外界胁迫,从而促进MAAs的合成与积累。
这一现象与其他大型海藻相关研究结果具有一致性。例如,礁膜配子体在不同NaNO3浓度下的生长率呈现先升后降的趋势,当氮磷比例达到饱和点时生长速率最大,随后过量氮水平会抑制藻体的进一步生长[26]。这与本研究中裙带菜在中低氮水平下保持稳定生长、高氮水平促进显著生长的结果相呼应。同时,该研究还指出,N/P比是影响藻类生长的重要因子,不同藻类具有不同的最优N/P需求,说明不同种类的大型藻类对氮磷比例具有特异的适应性。
图2B显示,配子体相对生长率随初始PO43-浓度的增加而升高。在高磷处理组(10 mg/L)下,配子体相对生长率最高,达到4.17%,表明较高磷水平可促进配子体的营养生长。与氮处理结果不同,初始PO43-浓度对MAAs含量的影响趋势与其对生长的作用一致,即高磷水平有利于MAAs的积累。当PO43-浓度处于3.5~10 mg/L之间时,MAAs含量显著(P<0.05)高于低磷处理组,说明磷不仅是藻类细胞合成核酸和磷脂的重要元素,也可能作为调控因子促进MAAs代谢途径的活性。这一结果与礁膜配子体中的N/P比例效应[26]相互印证,即氮磷均衡供应是藻类实现快速生长与代谢物高效积累的关键条件。
综合光照、温度及营养盐浓度的结果可见,裙带菜配子体的生长与MAAs合成具有环境依赖性。通过上述单因素实验,确定了配子体生长和MAAs积累的最佳培养条件:在白光、20 ℃、光照强度32 μmol·m−2·s−1及14L:10D光周期下,配子体相对生长率达到最大值(5.14%±1.11%);而在黄光、16 ℃、光照强度24~32 μmol·m−2·s−1及12L:12D光周期条件下,配子体MAAs含量最高(269.45±0.32 mg/g)。与此同时,高氮、高磷水平促进配子体营养生长,而低氮水平则有利于MAAs的积累。这表明裙带菜配子体在不同环境因子作用下存在碳氮代谢分配的动态调节机制,即在营养条件适宜时优先支持细胞生长,而在氮素受限时则倾向于转向功能性次生代谢产物的合成,从而实现对环境胁迫的适应。这些结果不仅揭示了裙带菜配子体在生长与代谢调控中的调节机制,也为规模化培养及高效获得MAAs提供了理论依据和实践参考。
均匀设计实验结果显示,第2号实验组合条件下裙带菜配子体的相对生长率与MAAs含量均达到最高值,分别为6.20%和321.99 mg/g(表3)。将表3中配子体的相对生长率与MAAs含量数据分别导入DPS软件,进行二次多项式逐步回归分析,得到如下回归方程:Y相对生长率=−165.893+9.344A+14.863AC+5.685BC,该模型R2=0.9992,回归方差分析结果为F=220.32,P<0.05,表明回归方程具有显著性。YMAAs含量=27.16+0.086C2+19.627AC+8.478BC,该模型R2=0.9995,F=359.27,P<0.05,同样具备良好的预测精度。根据回归模型求解,配子体相对生长率和MAAs含量在光质为红色、温度为20 ℃、光照强度为32 μmol·m−2·s−1条件下均可达到最优。为验证优化参数组合的有效性,进一步开展验证实验。结果表明,在该优化条件下培养裙带菜配子体,所得配子体相对生长率和MAAs含量分别达到6.41%±0.11%和327.19±1.59 mg/g,均高于均匀设计中各组处理,验证了回归模型的可靠性与预测的准确性。
如图3A所示,裙带菜配子体提取物在硅胶薄层板上显现出清晰的黄色斑点,为典型的含氮化合物阳性反应,表明该提取物中可能含有MAAs类化合物。紫外光谱分析结果(图3B)显示,配子体提取物在300 nm附近出现明显吸收峰,为MAAs的特征吸收区[27]。此外,在200~270 nm波段也观察到一系列吸收峰,可能与MAAs前体物质的存在有关,亦可能受核酸、蛋白质等杂质干扰所致[17]。高效液相色谱分析结果(图3C)显示,裙带菜配子体MAAs提取物中存在多个分离峰。将该色谱图与已有文献数据[14]进行对比,初步判定提取物中可能含有多种MAAs。
如图4A所示,裙带菜配子体MAAs提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力呈现出剂量依赖性,清除率随提取物浓度的升高而持续上升,但是总体清除效果不如维生素C。在浓度为10 mg/mL时,MAAs提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率达到47.82%,表明其具有良好的抗氧化潜力。根据拟合的线性回归方程(y=3.1404x+12.195,R2=0.9276),计算得出其对DPPH自由基的半数清除浓度(IC50)为12.04 mg/mL。
图4B进一步表明,裙带菜配子体MAAs对ABTS+自由基的清除活性亦表现出浓度依赖性。随着提取物浓度的增加,总抗氧化能力持续增强,但总体清除效果不如维生素C。基于回归方程(y=0.0388x+0.0988,R2=0.9354)计算得出,其ABTS+自由基清除活性的IC50值为10.34 mg/mL。总的来说,裙带菜配子体中提取的MAAs粗提物对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基均表现出一定的清除活性,表明其具备一定的抗氧化能力。然而,该粗提物的整体清除效果仍低于维生素C,这可能与其所含杂质成分的干扰有关。因此,在后续研究中,有必要对该粗提物进行更深入的分离与纯化,以提高MAAs的纯度,从而更准确地评估其抗氧化活性,并探究其在功能食品或化妆品等领域的应用潜力。
以绿色荧光蛋白转基因斑马鱼为模型,评价了裙带菜配子体MAAs提取物的体内抗炎活性。图5和表4数据显示,空白对照组神经丘周围的巨噬细胞基线数为1.33±0.42,而CuSO4诱导的模型组(Model,20 μmol/L)显著升高至29.00±0.58(升高21.8倍,P<0.001),验证了炎症模型的构建有效性与稳定性。阳性药物吲哚美辛(Indo,20 μmol/L)可使巨噬细胞数下降至7.17±0.87(P<0.001,相较模型组),抑制率达75.28%。在MAAs处理组中,随着浓度从25 μg/mL逐步升高至100 μg/mL,炎症抑制率依次为12.66%、39.66%和52.31%,呈现出浓度依赖性正相关(r=0.98,P<0.05)。上述结果表明,裙带菜配子体MAAs提取物可有效抑制CuSO4诱导的炎症反应,具有良好的体内抗炎潜力。
目前,国内外关于MAAs的研究大多集中于大型海藻的孢子体阶段或浮游藻类[14,28],对配子体阶段的研究相对较少[29]。本研究系统考察了光照、温度、营养盐等培养条件对裙带菜配子体生长与MAAs积累的影响,明确了光质、温度和光照强度是调控配子体生长与MAAs合成的关键环境因子。实验结果表明,白光和黄光可促进配子体生长,而黄光、白光及绿光处理下MAAs含量均较高。已有研究表明,光质对海藻光合代谢具有重要影响,如白光可促进条斑紫菜(Neopyropia yezoensis)自由丝状体的生长[30],而坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)丝状体在蓝光下光合速率低于白光和绿光[31],说明不同物种对光质的敏感性存在差异。尽管单因素实验中绿光对配子体生长的促进作用不如白光,但其可能通过激活特定光敏受体和信号通路诱导MAAs合成。在脐型紫菜(Porphyra umbilicalis)中,绿光与紫外线联合作用可提高MAAs含量[32],说明不同物种对光质的敏感性存在差异。提示光质在调控MAAs合成中可能存在物种特异性和光信号敏感性差异。光照强度实验显示,配子体在24~32 μmol·m−2·s−1光照强度下生长速率和MAAs含量达到高峰,而过强光照(36 μmol·m−2·s−1)会抑制MAAs积累,与礁膜及笼目海带配子体的研究结果相符。光周期实验表明,中等长度光周期(12L:12D、14L:10D、16L:8D)有利于生长和MAAs合成,而过长光照(18 h)抑制生长[33],提示配子体在光能利用和代谢调控上具有节律性适应。这些结果为进一步优化光环境以同时提高生长与MAAs积累提供了实验依据。
在明确光环境影响的基础上,本研究进一步揭示了温度和营养盐对配子体生长及MAAs积累的调控作用。在20 ℃时达到最高生长率,而在16 ℃时具有最高MAAs含量。呈先升后降趋势,显示二者在不同温度下达到各自最适值,与已有研究中礁膜和裙带菜配子体[19,22]的温度响应基本一致。此外,氮磷营养盐水平调控海藻配子体的生长与MAAs积累[34−35]。高氮处理(150 mg/L NO3−)促进配子体生长,而中低氮水平(11~75 mg/L)仍能维持稳定生长,MAAs含量则在低氮条件(11~44 mg/L)下升高,提示氮限制可能通过激活次生代谢增强MAAs合成。这与礁膜配子体在不同NaNO3浓度下呈现的“先升后降”生长趋势[26]一致。磷元素对配子体生长与MAAs积累同样具有正向调控作用,高磷(10 mg/L PO43-)可提高生长速率,同时在3.5~10 mg/L范围内MAAs含量达到峰值,表明氮磷协同供应是实现高效生长与代谢物富集的关键条件。这些结果揭示了裙带菜配子体在不同营养环境下的生理响应机制,为构建高效培养体系提供了理论基础。
在探明环境因子对生长和代谢的调控规律后,本研究进一步评价了配子体MAAs的生物活性。实验结果表明,裙带菜配子体MAAs提取物在DPPH及ABTS+自由基清除实验中呈现出剂量依赖性抗氧化活性,IC50值分别为12.04 mg/mL和10.34 mg/mL,其抗氧化水平处于中等水平。体内实验显示,MAAs对CuSO4诱导的斑马鱼炎症反应具有缓解作用,呈浓度依赖性抑制趋势,100 μg/mL处理组抗炎效果接近阳性对照吲哚美辛,表明其在体内抗炎活性方面具有较大应用潜力。尽管大型海藻来源的MAAs已被证实具有良好的抗氧化[36−37]和抗炎活性[38],但裙带菜配子体MAAs的生物活性研究仍非常有限。本研究结果显示其抗炎活性尤为突出,为开发海洋功能性膳食补充剂或抗敏修复护肤品提供了新思路。此外,裙带菜被报道含有稀有MAA成分palythenic acid[5,14],本文仅进行了紫外吸收和色谱图谱的定性分析,未来仍需结合分离纯化与结构鉴定技术,明确其MAAs种类与组成。
综上所述,本研究系统明确了光质、光照强度、光周期、温度及营养盐对裙带菜配子体生长与MAAs积累的影响规律,为高效培养和规模化制备MAAs提供理论依据和实践参考。未来研究可通过多组学手段(如转录组、代谢组、蛋白组)结合环境因子互作实验,深入解析配子体对环境因子的代谢调控网络及信号通路,并进一步探讨其抗炎机制,从而推动MAAs在功能性食品、抗敏修复护肤品及海洋天然膳食补充剂中的应用。

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2026年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025070037
  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
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    1江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室,江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港 222005
    2江苏省海洋生物产业技术协同创新中心,江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港 222005
    3江苏省海洋种质资源与遗传育种重点实验室,江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港 222005
    4江苏省沿海开发投资有限公司,江苏南京 210000

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韦欣(1995−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:海洋生物提取与分离工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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